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Yang Y, Liu H, Zou D, Ji F, Lv R, Wu H, Zhou H, Ren A, Xu T, Hou G, Hu C. Polystyrene microplastics exposure reduces meat quality and disturbs skeletal muscle angiogenesis via thrombospondin 1. Food Res Int 2024; 190:114581. [PMID: 38945601 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) pose a significant threat to livestock health. Yet, the roles of polystyrene MPs (PS-MPs) on meat quality and skeletal muscle development in pigs have not been fully determined. To investigate the effect of PS-MPs on skeletal muscle, piglets were given diets supplementation with 0 mg/kg (CON group), 75 mg/kg (75 mg/kg PS-MPs group), and 150 mg/kg PS-MPs (150 mg/kg PS-MPs group), respectively. The results indicated that the average daily gain (ADG) of piglets in the 150 mg/kg PS-MPs group was significantly lower than that in the CON group. No significant differences were observed in the final body weight and ADG between the CON group and the 75 mg/kg PS-MPs group. Piglets in the 150 mg/kg PS-MPs group exhibited decreased meat redness index and type I muscle fiber density. Metabolomic analysis revealed that the contents of meat flavor compounds carnosine, beta-alanine, palmitic acid, and niacinamide in muscle were lower in the 150 mg/kg PS-MPs group than in the CON group. Additionally, piglets subjected to 150 mg/kg PS-MPs exhibited impaired muscle angiogenesis. Further analysis indicated that PS-MPs exposure up-regulated thrombospondin 1 (THBS1) expression by inhibiting THBS1 mRNA and protein degradation, thereby disrupting skeletal muscle angiogenesis. These findings indicate that PS-MPs exposure adversely affects meat quality and hinders skeletal muscle angiogenesis in pigs, providing deeper insights into the detrimental effects of PS-MPs on meat quality and skeletal muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yang
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Hu Liu
- Zhanjiang Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524013, China
| | - Dongbin Zou
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Fengjie Ji
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Renlong Lv
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Hongzhi Wu
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Hanlin Zhou
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Ao Ren
- Changning Jianghe Hi-Tech Agriculture and Forestry Co., Ltd, Hengyang, Hunan 421500, China
| | - Tieshan Xu
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Guanyu Hou
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China.
| | - Chengjun Hu
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China.
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Deng L, Hao S, Zou W, Wei P, Sun W, Wu H, Lu W, He Y. Effects of Supplementing Growing-Finishing Crossbred Pigs with Glycerin, Vitamin C and Niacinamide on Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3635. [PMID: 38066986 PMCID: PMC10705760 DOI: 10.3390/ani13233635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the influence of supplementing the diet of growing-finishing pigs with glycerin and/or a mixture of vitamin C and niacinamide on carcass traits and pork quality. Eighty-four weaned piglets with an initial average body weight of 20.35 ± 2.14 kg were assigned, at random, to four groups for a 103-day feeding experiment: control; glycerin-supplemented group; vitamin C and niacinamide-supplemented group; and glycerin, vitamin C and niacinamide-supplemented group. At the end of the experiment, three pigs/group were randomly selected and slaughtered, and samples were collected for analysis. The results indicated that supplementing crossbred pigs with glycerin, vitamin C and niacinamide simultaneously increased the redness (a*) value (p < 0.05), glycerol content (p < 0.01) and myristoleic acid content (p < 0.01) in the longissimus dorsi and tended to increase the level of flavor amino acids, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and erucic acid, as well as the percentage and density of type I myofibers in the longissimus dorsi and the semimembranosus muscle. Glycerin had an influence (p < 0.01) on the erucic acid content in the longissimus dorsi and the semimembranosus muscle, and vitamin C and niacinamide had an interaction effect (p < 0.05) on the redness (a*) value of the longissimus dorsi. Glycerin, vitamin C and niacinamide supplementation in the diet of crossbred pigs improved the color, flavor and nutritional value of pork, which contributed to an increased intent to purchase this product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linglan Deng
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (L.D.); (S.H.); (W.Z.); (P.W.); (W.S.); (W.L.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Shaobin Hao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (L.D.); (S.H.); (W.Z.); (P.W.); (W.S.); (W.L.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Wanjie Zou
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (L.D.); (S.H.); (W.Z.); (P.W.); (W.S.); (W.L.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Panting Wei
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (L.D.); (S.H.); (W.Z.); (P.W.); (W.S.); (W.L.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Wenchen Sun
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (L.D.); (S.H.); (W.Z.); (P.W.); (W.S.); (W.L.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Huadong Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (L.D.); (S.H.); (W.Z.); (P.W.); (W.S.); (W.L.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yuyong He
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (L.D.); (S.H.); (W.Z.); (P.W.); (W.S.); (W.L.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
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3
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Ramírez-Cruz A, Gómez-González B, Baiza-Gutman LA, Manuel-Apolinar L, Ángeles-Mejía S, López-Cervantes SP, Ortega-Camarillo C, Cruz-López M, Gómez-Olivares JL, Díaz-Flores M. Nicotinamide, an acetylcholinesterase uncompetitive inhibitor, protects the blood‒brain barrier and improves cognitive function in rats fed a hypercaloric diet. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 959:176068. [PMID: 37775016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation induced by abundant consumption of high-energy foods and caloric overload are implicated in the dysfunction of the blood‒brain barrier (BBB), cognitive impairment, and overactivation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). These enzymes hydrolyse acetylcholine, affecting anti-inflammatory cholinergic signalling. Our aim was to evaluate whether nicotinamide (NAM) attenuates the impairment of the BBB and cognitive function, improving cholinergic signalling. Forty male rats were distributed into five groups: one group was fed a standard diet, and the remaining groups were fed a high-fat diet and a beverage with 40% sucrose (HFS; high-fat sucrose). In three of the HFS groups, the carbohydrate was replaced by drinking water containing different concentrations of NAM for 5 h every morning for 12 weeks. The biochemical profile, levels of stress and inflammation markers, cholinesterase activities, BBB permeability, and cognitive capacity were evaluated. The results showed that the HFS diet disturbed the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids, causing insulin resistance. Simultaneously, AChE and BChE activities, levels of proinflammatory cytokines, oxidation of proteins and lipoperoxidation increased along with decreased antioxidant capacity in serum. In the hippocampus, increased activity of cholinesterases, protein carbonylation and lipoperoxidation were associated with decreased antioxidant capacity. Systemic and hippocampal changes were reflected in increased BBB permeability and cognitive impairment. In contrast, NAM attenuated the above changes by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation through decreasing cholinesterase activities, especially by uncompetitive inhibition. NAM may be a potential systemic and neuroprotective agent to mitigate cognitive damage due to hypercaloric diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ramírez-Cruz
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades "Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez" Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - B Gómez-González
- Departamento de Biología de La Reproducción, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de La Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - L A Baiza-Gutman
- Laboratorio de Biología Del Desarrollo, Unidad de Morfología y Función, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - L Manuel-Apolinar
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Endocrinas, Hospital de Especialidades "Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez" Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - S Ángeles-Mejía
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades "Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez" Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - S P López-Cervantes
- Posgrado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - C Ortega-Camarillo
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades "Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez" Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - M Cruz-López
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades "Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez" Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - J L Gómez-Olivares
- Laboratorio de Biomembranas, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de La Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - M Díaz-Flores
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades "Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez" Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Maiese K. Cornerstone Cellular Pathways for Metabolic Disorders and Diabetes Mellitus: Non-Coding RNAs, Wnt Signaling, and AMPK. Cells 2023; 12:2595. [PMID: 37998330 PMCID: PMC10670256 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders and diabetes (DM) impact more than five hundred million individuals throughout the world and are insidious in onset, chronic in nature, and yield significant disability and death. Current therapies that address nutritional status, weight management, and pharmacological options may delay disability but cannot alter disease course or functional organ loss, such as dementia and degeneration of systemic bodily functions. Underlying these challenges are the onset of aging disorders associated with increased lifespan, telomere dysfunction, and oxidative stress generation that lead to multi-system dysfunction. These significant hurdles point to the urgent need to address underlying disease mechanisms with innovative applications. New treatment strategies involve non-coding RNA pathways with microRNAs (miRNAs) and circular ribonucleic acids (circRNAs), Wnt signaling, and Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) that are dependent upon programmed cell death pathways, cellular metabolic pathways with AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and nicotinamide, and growth factor applications. Non-coding RNAs, Wnt signaling, and AMPK are cornerstone mechanisms for overseeing complex metabolic pathways that offer innovative treatment avenues for metabolic disease and DM but will necessitate continued appreciation of the ability of each of these cellular mechanisms to independently and in unison influence clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New York, NY 10022, USA
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Kumar A, Prajapati P, Raj V, Kim SC, Mishra V, Raorane CJ, Raj R, Kumar D, Kushwaha S. Salbutamol ameliorates skeletal muscle wasting and inflammatory markers in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110883. [PMID: 37666067 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes accelerates muscle atrophy, leading to the deterioration of skeletal muscles. This study aimed to assess the potential of the β2-adrenoceptor agonist, salbutamol (SLB), to alleviate muscle atrophy in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into four groups (n=6): control, SLB, STZ (55 mg/kg, single i.p.), and STZ + SLB (6 mg/kg, orally for 4 weeks). After the final SLB dose, animals underwent tests to evaluate muscle strength and coordination, including forelimb grip strength, wire-hanging, actophotometer, rotarod, and footprint assessments. Rats were then sacrificed, and serum and gastrocnemius (GN) muscles were collected for further analysis. Serum evaluations included proinflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6), muscle markers (creatine kinase, myostatin), testosterone, and lipidemic markers. Muscle oxidative stress (malonaldehyde, protein carbonyl), antioxidants (glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase), and histology were also performed. Additionally, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance serum profiling was conducted. SLB notably enhanced muscle grip strength, coordination, and antioxidant levels, while reduced proinflammatory markers and oxidative stress in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Reduced serum muscle biomarkers, increased testosterone, restored lipidemic levels, and improved muscle cellular architecture indicated SLB's positive effect on muscle condition in diabetic rats. Metabolomics profiling revealed that the STZ group significantly increased the phenylalanine-to-tyrosine ratio (PTR), lactate-to-pyruvate ratio (LPR), acetate, succinate, isobutyrate, and histidine. SLB administration restored these perturbed serum metabolites in the STZ-induced diabetic group. In conclusion, salbutamol significantly protected against skeletal muscle wasting in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Priyanka Prajapati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Vinit Raj
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Cheol Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Vikas Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India.
| | | | - Ritu Raj
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Sapana Kushwaha
- National Institutes of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow 226002, India.
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Li L, Huang C, Pang J, Huang Y, Chen X, Chen G. Advances in research on cell models for skeletal muscle atrophy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115517. [PMID: 37738794 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle, the largest organ in the human body, plays a crucial role in supporting and defending the body and is essential for movement. It also participates in regulating the processes of protein synthesis and degradation. Inhibition of protein synthesis and activation of degradation metabolism can both lead to the development of skeletal muscle atrophy, a pathological condition characterized by a decrease in muscle mass and fiber size. Many physiological and pathological conditions can cause a decline in muscle mass, but the underlying mechanisms of its pathogenesis remain incompletely understood, and the selection of treatment strategies and efficacy evaluations vary. Moreover, the early symptoms of this condition are often not apparent, making it easily overlooked in clinical practice. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and use cell models to understand the etiology and influencing factors of skeletal muscle atrophy. In this review, we summarize the methods used to construct skeletal muscle cell models, including hormone, inflammation, cachexia, genetic engineering, drug, and physicochemical models. We also analyze, compare, and evaluate the various construction and assessment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Li
- Guangdong Medical University, Wenming East Road 2, Xiashan District, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunman Huang
- Guangdong Medical University, Wenming East Road 2, Xiashan District, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingqun Pang
- Guangdong Medical University, Wenming East Road 2, Xiashan District, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongbin Huang
- Guangdong Medical University, Wenming East Road 2, Xiashan District, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Institute of Health Promotion and Medical Communication Studies, Affliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, South Renmin Road 57, Xiashan District, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong, China
| | - Guanghua Chen
- Orthopaedic Center, Affliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, South Renmin Road 57, Xiashan District, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong, China.
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Wu LT, Tan LM, You CY, Lan TY, Li WX, Xu YT, Ren ZX, Ding Q, Zhou CY, Tang ZR, Sun WZ, Sun ZH. Effects of dietary niacinamide and CP concentrations on the nitrogen excretion, growth performance, and meat quality of pigs. Animal 2023; 17:100869. [PMID: 37390624 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Reducing the dietary CP concentration in the formulation of low-protein diets without adverse effects on animal growth performance and meat quality remains challenging. In this study, we investigated the effects of nicotinamide (NAM) on the nitrogen excretion, growth performance, and meat quality of growing-finishing pigs fed low-protein diets. To measure the nitrogen balance, we conducted two trials: in nitrogen balance trial 1, four crossbred (Duroc × Landrace × Large White) barrows (40 ± 0.5 kg BW) were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with four diets and periods. The diets consisted of a basal diet + 30 mg/kg NAM (a control dose), basal diet + 90 mg/kg NAM, basal diet + 210 mg/kg NAM, and basal diet + 360 mg/kg NAM. In nitrogen balance trial 2, another four barrows (40 ± 0.5 kg BW) were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The diets consisted of a basal diet + including 30 mg/kg NAM (control), basal diet + 360 mg/kg NAM, low-protein diet + 30 mg/kg NAM, and low-protein diet + 360 mg/kg NAM. To measure growth performance, two trials were conducted. In growth performance trial 1, 40 barrows (37.0 ± 1.0 kg) were randomly allocated to one of four dietary treatments (n = 10 per group), whereas in growth performance trial 2, 300 barrows (41.4 ± 2.0 kg) were randomly allocated to one of four dietary treatments, with each dietary treatment conducted in five repetitions with 15 pigs each. The four diets in the two growth performance trials were similar to those in nitrogen balance trial 2. Supplementing the diet with 210 or 360 mg/kg NAM reduced urinary nitrogen excretion and total nitrogen excretion and increased nitrogen retention comparted with the control diet (P < 0.05). Compared with the control diet, the low-protein diet with 360 mg/kg NAM reduced faecal, urinary, and total nitrogen excretion (P < 0.05) without affecting nitrogen retention and average daily gain (P > 0.05). Pigs fed the low-protein diet with 360 mg/kg NAM showed a decreased intramuscular fat content in the longissimus thoracis muscle when compared with pigs fed the control diet (P > 0.05). Our results suggest NAM as a suitable dietary additive to reduce dietary CP concentration, maximise nitrogen retention and growth performance, and decrease fat deposition in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L T Wu
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - L M Tan
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - C Y You
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - T Y Lan
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - W X Li
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Y T Xu
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Z X Ren
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Q Ding
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - C Y Zhou
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Z R Tang
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - W Z Sun
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Z H Sun
- Laboratory for Bio-feed and Molecular Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
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8
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Bresilla D, Habisch H, Pritišanac I, Zarse K, Parichatikanond W, Ristow M, Madl T, Madreiter-Sokolowski CT. The sex-specific metabolic signature of C57BL/6NRj mice during aging. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21050. [PMID: 36473898 PMCID: PMC9726821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25396-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to intact reactive oxygen species homeostasis and glucose metabolism, C57BL/6NRj mice are especially suitable to study cellular alterations in metabolism. We applied Nuclear Magnetic resonance spectroscopy to analyze five different tissues of this mouse strain during aging and included female and male mice aged 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. Metabolite signatures allowed separation between the age groups in all tissues, and we identified the most prominently changing metabolites in female and male tissues. A refined analysis of individual metabolite levels during aging revealed an early onset of age-related changes at 6 months, sex-specific differences in the liver, and a biphasic pattern for various metabolites in the brain, heart, liver, and lung. In contrast, a linear decrease of amino acids was apparent in muscle tissues. Based on these results, we assume that age-related metabolic alterations happen at a comparably early aging state and are potentially associated with a metabolic switch. Moreover, identified differences between female and male tissues stress the importance of distinguishing between sexes when studying age-related changes and developing new treatment approaches. Besides, metabolomic features seem to be highly dependent on the genetic background of mouse strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doruntina Bresilla
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/VI, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Hansjoerg Habisch
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/VI, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Iva Pritišanac
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/VI, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Kim Zarse
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Laboratory of Energy Metabolism, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Translational Medicine, ETH Zurich, Schorenstrasse 16, 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Warisara Parichatikanond
- grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand ,grid.10223.320000 0004 1937 0490Faculty of Pharmacy, Center of Biopharmaceutical Science for Healthy Ageing (BSHA), Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Michael Ristow
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Laboratory of Energy Metabolism, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Translational Medicine, ETH Zurich, Schorenstrasse 16, 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Madl
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/VI, 8010 Graz, Austria ,grid.452216.6BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Corina T. Madreiter-Sokolowski
- grid.11598.340000 0000 8988 2476Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6/VI, 8010 Graz, Austria ,grid.452216.6BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
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Liu FS, Li Y, Guo XS, Liu RC, Zhang HY, Li Z. Advances in traditional Chinese medicine as adjuvant therapy for diabetic foot. World J Diabetes 2022; 13:851-860. [PMID: 36312004 PMCID: PMC9606791 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v13.i10.851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex disease that often causes multiple systemic complications that have become a major international public health problem. Diabetic foot (DF) is one of the severe and frequent chronic complications of DM due to vascular lesions and neuropathy. DF ulcers (DFU) affect approximately 15% of people with DM and are the leading cause of death and disability. The prevalence and recurrence of DF are worrisome, and morbidity and mortality are also on the rise, which poses a substantial socioeconomic burden. Treating DF is difficult for clinicians and requires multidisciplinary cooperation, combining local and systemic therapy to reduce amputation and case-fatality rates. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has received extensive attention due to noticeable therapeutic effects and few adverse reactions. In recent years, research on DF treatment by TCM has been increasing, and further progress has been made. TCM includes oral medication, injectable preparations, and adjuvant therapy. This article reviews the relevant research on TCM-related adjuvant therapy for DF. We describe current progress in TCM in terms of external application, acupuncture, massage, acupoint injection, foot bath, fumigation, and moxibustion, as well as the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Shun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Xian-Shan Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang 453000, Henan Province, China
| | - Rui-Chen Liu
- Binhai College, Nankai University, Tianjin 300450, China
| | - Hong-Ya Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Yangpu District Control and Prevention Center, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, China
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10
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Xianchu L, Changhao C, Beiwang D, Ming L. Protective Effects of Apocynin on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Muscular Atrophy. INT J PHARMACOL 2022. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2022.1420.1428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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11
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Molecular and cellular effects of gold nanoparticles treatment in experimental diabetic myopathy. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10358. [PMID: 36060470 PMCID: PMC9437799 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to address the effects of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on diabetic myopathy in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Materials and methods Adult male rats were separated into three groups (n = 15): non-diabetic control (ND), diabetic (D), and diabetic treated with AuNPs (2.5 mg/kg, D + AuNPs) intraperitoneally for 4 weeks. A single injection of 50 mg/kg STZ was used to induce diabetes. Results Treatment with AuNPs lowered blood glucose levels. Skeletal muscle mRNA expression of two muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin-ligases enzymes, F-box-only protein 32 (FBXO32) and muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF1) were upregulated in the D group. Diabetic rats showed significant increases in the skeletal muscle expression levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and a decrease in glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreased and malondialdehyde (MDA) level increased in skeletal muscles of D group. Compared to the D group, expression levels of FBXO32, MuRF1, PAI-1 TNF-α, and TGF-β1 were decreased in the D + AuNPs group, and mRNA of GLUT4 increased. Furthermore, in D + AuNPs group, skeletal muscle MDA levels decreased while SOD activity increased. Conclusion In experimental models, AuNPs can ameliorate muscle atrophy by reducing hyperglycemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress, and by suppressing the ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic process.
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12
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Ren Z, Xu Y, Li T, Sun W, Tang Z, Wang Y, Zhou K, Li J, Ding Q, Liang K, Wu L, Yin Y, Sun Z. NAD+ and its possible role in gut microbiota: Insights on the mechanisms by which gut microbes influence host metabolism. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 10:360-371. [PMID: 35949199 PMCID: PMC9356074 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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LIU X, CHENG C, DENG B, LIU M. Ellagic acid attenuates muscle atrophy in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Physiol Res 2022; 71:631-641. [PMID: 36047725 PMCID: PMC9841811 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is closely connected with skeletal muscle dysfunction. Ellagic acid (EA) possesses a variety of bio-effects and is applied to the improvement of diabetes. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential improvement effect and mechanisms of EA in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic muscle atrophy. The model of diabetic mice was established by intra-peritoneal STZ to evaluate treatment effect of EA (100 mg/kg/d for 8 weeks) on muscle atrophy. Our data exhibited that EA enhanced fiber size and weight of gastrocnemius, and promoted grip strength to relieve STZ-induced muscle lesions. In serum, the levels of Creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) were inhibited, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) level was enhanced by EA treatment in diabetic mice. In gastrocnemius, EA decreased Atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 expressions to relieve STZ-induced muscle atrophy. Moreover, EA increased NRF-1 and PGC-1alpha expressions to alleviate mitochondrial disorder. Meanwhile, EA suppressed CHOP and GRP-87 levels to relieve ER stress. Lastly, EA inhibited BAX expressions and enhanced Bcl-2 expressions to mitigate apoptosis. In conclusion, EA is preventing the event of STZ-induced gastrocnemia by amelioration of mitochondrial dysfunction, ER stress and apoptosis, and could be used in the protection and therapeutic of muscle atrophy in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianchu LIU
- Institute of Physical Culture, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, China
| | - Changhao CHENG
- Institute of Physical Culture, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, China
| | - Beiwang DENG
- Institute of Physical Culture, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, China
| | - Ming LIU
- Faculty of Science, College of Furong, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, China
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14
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Liu X, Zhou Q, Huang Y, Fan Z, Duan H, Wang M, Li Z, Xie L. Nicotinamide improves in vitro lens regeneration in a mouse capsular bag model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:198. [PMID: 35550648 PMCID: PMC9102750 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02862-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mammalian lens regeneration holds great potential as a cataract therapy. However, the mechanism of mammalian lens regeneration is unclear, and the methods for optimization remain in question.
Methods We developed an in vitro lens regeneration model using mouse capsular bag culture and improved the transparency of the regenerated lens using nicotinamide (NAM). We used D4476 and SSTC3 as a casein kinase 1A inhibitor and agonist, respectively. The expression of lens-specific markers was examined by real-time PCR, immunostaining, and western blotting. The structure of the in vitro regenerated lens was investigated using 3,3′-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide (DiOC6) and methylene blue staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), and transmission electron microscopy.
Results The in vitro lens regeneration model was developed to mimic the process of in vivo mammalian lens regeneration in a mouse capsular bag culture. In the early stage, the remanent lens epithelial cells proliferated across the posterior capsule and differentiated into lens fiber cells (LFCs). The regenerated lenses appeared opaque after 28 days; however, NAM treatment effectively maintained the transparency of the regenerated lens. We demonstrated that NAM maintained lens epithelial cell survival, promoted the differentiation and regular cellular arrangement of LFCs, and reduced lens-related cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, NAM enhanced the differentiation and transparency of regenerative lenses partly by inhibiting casein kinase 1A activity. Conclusion This study provides a new in vitro model for regeneration study and demonstrates the potential of NAM in in vitro mammalian lens regeneration. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-02862-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Liu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 26600, China.,Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 26600, China
| | - Qingjun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 26600, China
| | - Yusen Huang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 26600, China.,Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 26600, China
| | - Zheng Fan
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 26600, China.,Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, 26600, China
| | - Haoyun Duan
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 26600, China
| | - Menghan Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 26600, China.,Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, 26600, China
| | - Zongyi Li
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 26600, China. .,Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 26600, China.
| | - Lixin Xie
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 26600, China. .,Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 26600, China.
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15
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Schisandrae chinensis Fructus Extract Ameliorates Muscle Atrophy in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice by Downregulation of the CREB-KLF15 and Autophagy-Lysosomal Pathways. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092283. [PMID: 34571935 PMCID: PMC8469055 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease caused by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells. Many patients with type 1 diabetes experience skeletal muscle wasting. Although the link between type 1 diabetes and muscle wasting is not clearly known, insulin insufficiency and hyperglycemia may contribute to decreased muscle mass. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of the ethanolic extract of Schisandrae chinensis Fructus (SFe) on muscle wasting in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. STZ-diabetic C57BL/6 mice (blood glucose level ≥300 mg/dL) were orally administered SFe (250 or 500 mg/kg/day) for 6 weeks. We observed that SFe administration did not change blood glucose levels but increased gastrocnemius muscle weight, cross-sectional area, and grip strength in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Administration of SFe (500 mg/kg) decreased the expression of atrophic factors, such as MuRF1 and atrogin-1, but did not alter the expression of muscle synthetic factors. Further studies showed that SFe administration decreased the expression of KLF15 and p-CREB, which are upstream molecules of atrophic factors. Examination of the expression of molecules involved in autophagy–lysosomal pathways (e.g., p62/SQSTM1, Atg7, Beclin-1, ULK-1, LC3-I, and LC3-II) revealed that SFe administration significantly decreased the expression of p62/SQSTM1, LC3-I, and LC3-II; however, no changes were observed in the expression of Atg7, Beclin-1, or ULK-1. Our results suggest that SFe ameliorated muscle wasting in STZ-induced diabetic mice by decreasing protein degradation via downregulation of the CREB-KLF15-mediated UPS system and the p62/SQSTM1-mediated autophagy–lysosomal pathway.
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16
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Cruz PL, Moraes-Silva IC, Ribeiro AA, Machi JF, de Melo MDT, Dos Santos F, da Silva MB, Strunz CMC, Caldini EG, Irigoyen MC. Nicotinamide attenuates streptozotocin-induced diabetes complications and increases survival rate in rats: role of autonomic nervous system. BMC Endocr Disord 2021; 21:133. [PMID: 34182970 PMCID: PMC8240217 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00795-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the effect of nicotinamide prior to streptozotocin-induced (STZ) diabetes in baroreflex sensitivity and cardiovascular autonomic modulation, and its association with hemodynamics and metabolic parameters. METHODS Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into control (Cont) and STZ-induced diabetes (Diab). Half of the rats from each group received a single dose of nicotinamide (100 mg/Kg) before STZ injection (Cont+NicA and Diab+NicA). All groups were followed-up for 5 weeks. RESULTS Body weight loss of more than 40% was observed in Diab throughout the period (Diab: 271.00 ± 12.74 g; Diab+NicA: 344.62 ± 17.82). Increased glycemia was seen in Diab rats (541.28 ± 18.68 mg/dl) while Diab+NicA group had a slight decrease (440.87 ± 20.96 mg/dl). However, insulin resistance was observed only in Diab. In relation to Cont, heart rate, mean blood pressure and diastolic function were reduced when compared to Diab, together with parasympathetic modulation and baroreflex sensitivity. All of these parameters were improved in Diab+NicA when compared to Diab. Improved baroreflex sensitivity and parasympathetic modulation were correlated with glycemia, insulin resistance, and body weight mass. Additionally, Diab+NicA group increased survival rate. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that the association of nicotinamide in STZ-induced diabetic rats prevents most of the expected derangements mainly by preserving parasympathetic and baroreflex parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula L Cruz
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 - Bloco 1, subsolo, São Paulo, SP, 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Ivana C Moraes-Silva
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 - Bloco 1, subsolo, São Paulo, SP, 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Amanda A Ribeiro
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 - Bloco 1, subsolo, São Paulo, SP, 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline F Machi
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 - Bloco 1, subsolo, São Paulo, SP, 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dantas Tavares de Melo
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 - Bloco 1, subsolo, São Paulo, SP, 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Fernando Dos Santos
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 - Bloco 1, subsolo, São Paulo, SP, 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Maikon Barbosa da Silva
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 - Bloco 1, subsolo, São Paulo, SP, 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Celia Maria Cassaro Strunz
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 - Bloco 1, subsolo, São Paulo, SP, 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Elia Garcia Caldini
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria-Claudia Irigoyen
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 - Bloco 1, subsolo, São Paulo, SP, 05403-900, Brazil.
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17
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Chen W, Sun Y, Gu X, Cai J, Liu X, Zhang X, Chen J, Hao Y, Chen S. Conditioned medium of human bone marrow-derived stem cells promotes tendon-bone healing of the rotator cuff in a rat model. Biomaterials 2021; 271:120714. [PMID: 33610048 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Rotator cuff repair is a common surgery in sports medicine. During the surgery, torn tendon was re-fixed onto the bony surface. The majority of patients gain good results. However, re-tear occurs in some patients. The reason under this phenomenon is that the normal tendon-bone enthesis cannot be reconstructed. In order to strengthen the tendon-bone healing and promote enthesis regeneration, numerous manners are tested, among which stem cell related therapies are preferred. Stem cells, due to the ability of multi-lineage differentiation, are widely used in regenerative medicine. However, safety and ethics concerns limit its clinical use. Recent studies found that it is the secretome of stem cells that is biologically effective. On ground of this, we, in the current study, collected the conditioned medium of human bone marrow-derived stem cells (hBMSC-CM) and tested whether this acellular method could promote tendon-bone healing in a rat model of rotator cuff repair. By using histological, radiological, and biomechanical methods, we found that hBMSC-CM promoted tendon-bone healing of the rat rotator cuff. Then, we noticed that hBMSC-CM exerted an impact on macrophage polarization both in vivo and in vitro by inhibiting M1 phenotype and promoting M2 phenotype. Further, we proved that the benefit of hBMSC-CM on tendon-bone healing was related to its regulation on macrophage. Finally, we proved that, hBMSC-CM influenced macrophage polarization, which was, at least partially, related to Smad2/3 signaling pathway. Based on the experiments above, we confirmed the benefit of hBMSC-CM on tendon-bone healing, which relied on its immune-regulative property. Considering the accessibility and safety of acellular hBMSC-CM, we believe it is a promising candidate clinically for tendon-bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yaying Sun
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xueping Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215008, China
| | - Jiangyu Cai
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xingwang Liu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xingyu Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jiwu Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yuefeng Hao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215008, China.
| | - Shiyi Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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18
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Maiese K. Nicotinamide as a Foundation for Treating Neurodegenerative Disease and Metabolic Disorders. Curr Neurovasc Res 2021; 18:134-149. [PMID: 33397266 PMCID: PMC8254823 DOI: 10.2174/1567202617999210104220334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders impact more than one billion individuals worldwide and are intimately tied to metabolic disease that can affect another nine hundred individuals throughout the globe. Nicotinamide is a critical agent that may offer fruitful prospects for neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus. Nicotinamide protects against multiple toxic environments that include reactive oxygen species exposure, anoxia, excitotoxicity, ethanolinduced neuronal injury, amyloid (Aß) toxicity, age-related vascular disease, mitochondrial dysfunction, insulin resistance, excess lactate production, and loss of glucose homeostasis with pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. However, nicotinamide offers cellular protection in a specific concentration range, with dosing outside of this range leading to detrimental effects. The underlying biological pathways of nicotinamide that involve the silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1), the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), and mammalian forkhead transcription factors (FoxOs) may offer insight for the clinical translation of nicotinamide into a safe and efficacious therapy through the modulation of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy. Nicotinamide is a highly promising target for the development of innovative strategies for neurodegenerative disorders and metabolic disease, but the benefits of this foundation depend greatly on gaining a further understanding of nicotinamide's complex biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New York, New York 10022
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19
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Dao T, Green AE, Kim YA, Bae SJ, Ha KT, Gariani K, Lee MR, Menzies KJ, Ryu D. Sarcopenia and Muscle Aging: A Brief Overview. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2020; 35:716-732. [PMID: 33397034 PMCID: PMC7803599 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2020.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The world is facing the new challenges of an aging population, and understanding the process of aging has therefore become one of the most important global concerns. Sarcopenia is a condition which is defined by the gradual loss of skeletal muscle mass and function with age. In research and clinical practice, sarcopenia is recognized as a component of geriatric disease and is a current target for drug development. In this review we define this condition and provide an overview of current therapeutic approaches. We further highlight recent findings that describe key pathophysiological phenotypes of this condition, including alterations in muscle fiber types, mitochondrial function, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism, myokines, and gut microbiota, in aged muscle compared to young muscle or healthy aged muscle. The last part of this review examines new therapeutic avenues for promising treatment targets. There is still no accepted therapy for sarcopenia in humans. Here we provide a brief review of the current state of research derived from various mouse models or human samples that provide novel routes for the development of effective therapeutics to maintain muscle health during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tam Dao
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon,
Korea
| | - Alexander E. Green
- University of Ottawa Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Ottawa, ON,
Canada
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON,
Canada
| | - Yun A Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon,
Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Bae
- Korean Medical Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan,
Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Ha
- Korean Medical Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan,
Korea
- Department of Korean Medical Science, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan,
Korea
| | - Karim Gariani
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva,
Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva,
Switzerland
| | - Mi-ra Lee
- Department of Social Welfare, Division of Public Service, Dong-Eui University, Busan,
Korea
- Mi-ra Lee, Department of Public Service, Dong-Eui University, 176 Eomgwang-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan 47340, Korea, Tel: +82-51-890-2038, E-mail:
| | - Keir J. Menzies
- University of Ottawa Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Ottawa, ON,
Canada
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON,
Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON,
Canada
- Keir J. Menzies, Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada, Tel: +1-613-562-5800, E-mail:
| | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon,
Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon,
Korea
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul,
Korea
- Corresponding authors: Dongryeol Ryu, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Korea, Tel: +82-31-299-6138, E-mail:
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20
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Nicotinamide inhibits melanoma in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:211. [PMID: 33028392 PMCID: PMC7542872 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01719-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Even though new therapies are available against melanoma, novel approaches are needed to overcome resistance and high-toxicity issues. In the present study the anti-melanoma activity of Nicotinamide (NAM), the amide form of Niacin, was assessed in vitro and in vivo. Methods Human (A375, SK-MEL-28) and mouse (B16-F10) melanoma cell lines were used for in vitro investigations. Viability, cell-death, cell-cycle distribution, apoptosis, Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide+ (NAD+), Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels were measured after NAM treatment. NAM anti-SIRT2 activity was tested in vitro; SIRT2 expression level was investigated by in silico transcriptomic analyses. Melanoma growth in vivo was measured in thirty-five C57BL/6 mice injected subcutaneously with B16-F10 melanoma cells and treated intraperitoneally with NAM. Interferon (IFN)-γ-secreting murine cells were counted with ELISPOT assay. Cytokine/chemokine plasmatic levels were measured by xMAP technology. Niacin receptors expression in human melanoma samples was also investigated by in silico transcriptomic analyses. Results NAM reduced up to 90% melanoma cell number and induced: i) accumulation in G1-phase (40% increase), ii) reduction in S- and G2-phase (about 50% decrease), iii) a 10-fold increase of cell-death and 2.5-fold increase of apoptosis in sub-G1 phase, iv) a significant increase of NAD+, ATP, and ROS levels, v) a strong inhibition of SIRT2 activity in vitro. NAM significantly delayed tumor growth in vivo (p ≤ 0.0005) and improved survival of melanoma-bearing mice (p ≤ 0.0001). About 3-fold increase (p ≤ 0.05) of Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) producing cells was observed in NAM treated mice. The plasmatic expression levels of 6 cytokines (namely: Interleukin 5 (IL-5), Eotaxin, Interleukin 12 (p40) (IL12(p40)), Interleukin 3 (IL-3), Interleukin 10 (IL-10) and Regulated on Activation Normal T Expressed and Secreted (RANTES) were significantly changed in the blood of NAM treated mice, suggesting a key role of the immune response. The observed inhibitory effect of NAM on SIRT2 enzymatic activity confirmed previous evidence; we show here that SIRT2 expression is significantly increased in melanoma and inversely related to melanoma-patients survival. Finally, we show for the first time that the expression levels of Niacin receptors HCAR2 and HCAR3 is almost abolished in human melanoma samples. Conclusion NAM shows a relevant anti-melanoma activity in vitro and in vivo and is a suitable candidate for further clinical investigations.
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Abstract
Metabolic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus (DM), are increasingly becoming significant risk factors for the health of the global population and consume substantial portions of the gross domestic product of all nations. Although conventional therapies that include early diagnosis, nutritional modification of diet, and pharmacological treatments may limit disease progression, tight serum glucose control cannot prevent the onset of future disease complications. With these concerns, novel strategies for the treatment of metabolic disorders that involve the vitamin nicotinamide, the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), mTOR Complex 1 (mTORC1), mTOR Complex 2 (mTORC2), AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), and the cellular pathways of autophagy and apoptosis offer exceptional promise to provide new avenues of treatment. Oversight of these pathways can promote cellular energy homeostasis, maintain mitochondrial function, improve glucose utilization, and preserve pancreatic beta-cell function. Yet, the interplay among mTOR, AMPK, and autophagy pathways can be complex and affect desired clinical outcomes, necessitating further investigations to provide efficacious treatment strategies for metabolic dysfunction and DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New York, New York 10022,
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Zhang J, Yu Y, Wang J. Protein Nutritional Support: The Classical and Potential New Mechanisms in the Prevention and Therapy of Sarcopenia. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:4098-4108. [PMID: 32202113 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia commonly occurs in the elderly and patients with wasting diseases. The main reason is an imbalance in protein metabolism (protein degradation exceeding protein synthesis). It causes a serious decline in muscle strength and motion ability, even leading to long-term bed rest. Recent studies indicate that nutritional support is beneficial for ameliorating sarcopenia and restoring muscle function. This review will summarize the classical mechanisms of protein nutritional support for alleviating sarcopenia, such as modulating the ubiquitin-proteasome system, oxidative response, and cell autophagy, as well as the potential new mechanisms, including altering miRNA profiles and gut microbiota. In addition, the clinical application and outcome of protein nutritional support in the elderly and patients with wasting diseases are also introduced. Protein nutritional support is expected to provide new approaches for the prevention and adjuvant therapy of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Zhang
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghui Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
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Maiese K. Nicotinamide: Oversight of Metabolic Dysfunction Through SIRT1, mTOR, and Clock Genes. Curr Neurovasc Res 2020; 17:765-783. [PMID: 33183203 PMCID: PMC7914159 DOI: 10.2174/1567202617999201111195232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic disorders that include diabetes mellitus present significant challenges for maintaining the welfare of the global population. Metabolic diseases impact all systems of the body and despite current therapies that offer some protection through tight serum glucose control, ultimately such treatments cannot block the progression of disability and death realized with metabolic disorders. As a result, novel therapeutic avenues are critical for further development to address these concerns. An innovative strategy involves the vitamin nicotinamide and the pathways associated with the silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1), the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), mTOR Complex 1 (mTORC1), mTOR Complex 2 (mTORC2), AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), and clock genes. Nicotinamide maintains an intimate relationship with these pathways to oversee metabolic disease and improve glucose utilization, limit mitochondrial dysfunction, block oxidative stress, potentially function as antiviral therapy, and foster cellular survival through mechanisms involving autophagy. However, the pathways of nicotinamide, SIRT1, mTOR, AMPK, and clock genes are complex and involve feedback pathways as well as trophic factors such as erythropoietin that require a careful balance to ensure metabolic homeostasis. Future work is warranted to gain additional insight into these vital pathways that can oversee both normal metabolic physiology and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New York, New York 10022
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