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Mallardo M, Tommasini E, Missaglia S, Pecci C, Rampinini E, Bosio A, Morelli A, Daniele A, Nigro E, Tavian D. Effects of Exhaustive Exercise on Adiponectin and High-Molecular-Weight Oligomer Levels in Male Amateur Athletes. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1743. [PMID: 39200208 PMCID: PMC11351654 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical activity promotes metabolic health and prevents lifestyle-related diseases. Adiponectin is specifically produced by adipose tissue and comes in three forms, differing in terms of weight: trimers (LMW), hexamers (MMW), and high-molecular-weight (HMW) oligomers. The oligomers are associated with the beneficial effects of adiponectin. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of a single bout of exhaustive exercise on adiponectin expression in 25 male amateur athletes, divided into two groups, one comprising young adults (YAs) (n = 15), and the other comprising middle-aged adults (MAs) (n = 10). Body fat was estimated through skinfold thickness. Adiponectin levels were assessed at baseline and at 15 min and 24 h post-exercise, while HMW oligomer levels were evaluated at baseline and at 24 h post-exercise. We observed a significant increase in total adiponectin at both 15 min and 24 h after exercise, with there being a more evident effect among the YA subjects. HMW oligomers also increased significantly after exercise both in the total sample and among the YA subjects, but this was not the case in the MA subjects. The increase in adiponectin levels was significantly associated with Powerpeak. Furthermore, a significant inverse correlation was found between basal adiponectin and VO2peak and Powerpeak. In conclusion, a single bout of exhaustive exercise can rapidly and significantly enhance the basal circulating adiponectin concentration, which seems to be negatively associated with maximal aerobic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Mallardo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Pansini, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore” Scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Ester Tommasini
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CRIBENS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20145 Milan, Italy; (E.T.); (S.M.); (D.T.)
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Missaglia
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CRIBENS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20145 Milan, Italy; (E.T.); (S.M.); (D.T.)
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Pecci
- Human Performace Laboratory, MAPEI Sport Research Centre, 21057 Olgiate Olona, Italy; (C.P.); (E.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Ermanno Rampinini
- Human Performace Laboratory, MAPEI Sport Research Centre, 21057 Olgiate Olona, Italy; (C.P.); (E.R.); (A.B.)
- Sport and Exercise Discipline Group, Human Performance Research Centre, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Moore Park, Sydney, NSW 2021, Australia
| | - Andrea Bosio
- Human Performace Laboratory, MAPEI Sport Research Centre, 21057 Olgiate Olona, Italy; (C.P.); (E.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrea Morelli
- Human Performace Laboratory, MAPEI Sport Research Centre, 21057 Olgiate Olona, Italy; (C.P.); (E.R.); (A.B.)
| | - Aurora Daniele
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Pansini, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore” Scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Ersilia Nigro
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore” Scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via A. Vivaldi, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Daniela Tavian
- Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CRIBENS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20145 Milan, Italy; (E.T.); (S.M.); (D.T.)
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milan, Italy
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Enríquez-Schmidt J, Mautner Molina C, Kalazich Rosales M, Muñoz M, Ruiz-Uribe M, Fuentes Leal F, Monrroy Uarac M, Cárcamo Ibaceta C, Fazakerley DJ, Larance M, Ehrenfeld P, Martínez-Huenchullán S. Moderate-intensity constant or high-intensity interval training? Metabolic effects on candidates to undergo bariatric surgery. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:1681-1691. [PMID: 38553359 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Bariatric surgery is highly effective against obesity. Pre-surgical exercise programs are recommended to prepare the candidate physically and metabolically for surgery-related rapid weight loss. However, the ideal exercise prescription in this population is unknown. This study aimed to compare the metabolic effects of moderate-intensity constant (MICT) vs. a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program in candidates to undergo bariatric surgery. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-five candidates (22 women) to undergo sleeve gastrectomy aged from 18 to 60 years old were recruited. At baseline, we measured body composition, physical activity levels, grip strength, and aerobic capacity. Further, we assessed metabolic function through glycemia and insulinemia (both fasting and after oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipid profile, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), transaminases, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), apelin, and adiponectin. Afterward, participants were randomized into MICT (n = 14) or HIIT (n = 11). Both training programs consisted of 10 sessions (2-3 times/week, 30 min per session) distributed during 4 weeks before the surgery. After this, all outcomes were measured again at the end of the training programs and 1 month after the surgery (follow-up). A mixed effect with Tukey's post-hoc analysis was performed to compare values at baseline vs. post-training vs. postsurgical follow-up. Both training programs increased aerobic capacity after training (p < 0.05), but only after MICT these changes were kept at follow-up (p < 0.05). However, only MICT decreased fat mass and increased total muscle mass and physical activity levels (p < 0.05). Metabolically, MICT decreased insulinemia after OGTT (p < 0.05), whereas HIIT increased adiponectin after training and GDF15 at follow-up (both p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Both MICT and HIIT conferred benefits in candidates to undergo bariatric surgery, however, several of those effects were program-specific, suggesting that exercise intensity should be considered when preparing these patients. Future studies should explore the potential benefits of prescribing MICT or HIIT in a customized fashion depending on a pretraining screening, along with possible summatory effects by combining these two exercise programs (MICT + HIIT). CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION International Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Registry, N° ISRCTN42273422.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Enríquez-Schmidt
- Physical Therapy Unit, Locomotor Apparatus and Rehabilitation Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Camila Mautner Molina
- Clínica Alemana de Valdivia, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; School of Physical Therapy, Universidad San Sebastián, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | | | | | - Matias Ruiz-Uribe
- Cardiorespiratory and Metabolic Function Laboratory - Neyün, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; Nephrology Division, School of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | | | - Manuel Monrroy Uarac
- Physical Therapy Unit, Locomotor Apparatus and Rehabilitation Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carlos Cárcamo Ibaceta
- Clínica Alemana de Valdivia, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; Surgery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Daniel J Fazakerley
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB5, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Larance
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Pamela Ehrenfeld
- Cellular Pathology Laboratory, Anatomy, Histology, and Pathology Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Sergio Martínez-Huenchullán
- Physical Therapy Unit, Locomotor Apparatus and Rehabilitation Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; School of Physical Therapy, Universidad San Sebastián, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; Cardiorespiratory and Metabolic Function Laboratory - Neyün, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; Nephrology Division, School of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile.
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Medeiros LR, Colonetti T, Nagib EC, Rodrigues Uggioni ML, Denoni Junior JC, Ceretta L, Grande AJ, Rosa MI. Anti-Müllerian Hormone levels after metformin treatment in polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Res Clin Pract 2023; 17:288-297. [PMID: 37296002 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate whether treatment with metformin would reduce Anti-Müllerian Hormone levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. A search was performed in Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases and grey literature (Google Scholar). The following keywords were used in the search strategy: "Polycystic Ovary Syndrome", "Anti-Mullerian Hormone", "Metformin". The search was limited to human studies, with no language restriction. 328 studies were found, 45 studies were selected for full-text reading and 16 of those studies, six randomized controlled trial and 10 non-randomized studies were included. The synthesis of randomized controlled trials, metformin showed a reduction in serum levels of Anti-Müllerian Hormone compared to control groups (SMD - 0.53, 95 %CI - 0.84 to - 0.22, p < 0.001, I2 = 0 %, four studies, 171 participants, high quality of evidence). Six non-randomized studies evaluated data before and after the metformin intervention. The synthesis showed that using metformin reduced serum Anti-Müllerian Hormone values (SMD - 0.79, 95 %CI - 1.03 to - 0.56, p < 0.001, I2 = 0 %, six studies, 299 participants, low quality of evidence). Metformin administration in women with polycystic ovary syndrome is associated significantly with reduced Anti-Müllerian Hormone serum levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Rosi Medeiros
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105 - Universitário, CEP 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Tamy Colonetti
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105 - Universitário, CEP 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Erickson Cardoso Nagib
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105 - Universitário, CEP 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Maria Laura Rodrigues Uggioni
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105 - Universitário, CEP 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - João Carlos Denoni Junior
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105 - Universitário, CEP 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Luciane Ceretta
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105 - Universitário, CEP 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Antonio José Grande
- Laboratory of Evidence-based Practice, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Av. Dom Antonio Barbosa (MS-080), 4.155, CEP 79115-898 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Maria Inês Rosa
- Laboratory of Translational Biomedicine, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Av. Universitária, 1105 - Universitário, CEP 88806-000 Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
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Jurczewska J, Ostrowska J, Chełchowska M, Panczyk M, Rudnicka E, Kucharski M, Smolarczyk R, Szostak-Węgierek D. Physical Activity, Rather Than Diet, Is Linked to Lower Insulin Resistance in PCOS Women-A Case-Control Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:2111. [PMID: 37432289 PMCID: PMC10180891 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a prominent feature of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The importance of lifestyle interventions in the management of PCOS is strongly highlighted and it is suggested that diet and physical activity may significantly influence insulin sensitivity. Therefore, we evaluated the link between diet and physical activity and various indices of insulin resistance, including adipokines secreted by the adipose tissue in 56 PCOS and 33 healthy control women. The original food frequency questionnaire and Actigraph GT3X-BT were used to assess the adherence to the diet recommended in IR and the level of physical activity, respectively. We observed that higher levels of physical activity were associated with lower HOMA-IR and a greater chance of its normal value in PCOS group. No such relationship was observed for other IR indices and adipokines or for the diet. However, we noted a strong correlation between HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance) and HOMA-AD (Homeostatic Model Assessment-Adiponectin) in PCOS women. Additionally, when we used HOMA-AD we observed a higher prevalence of IR among PCOS women. Our study supports the beneficial role of physical activity in the management of insulin resistance in PCOS women. Moreover, our findings indicate that HOMA-AD may be a promising surrogate marker for insulin resistance assessment in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Jurczewska
- Department of Clinical Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, E Ciołka 27, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland; (J.J.); (D.S.-W.)
| | - Joanna Ostrowska
- Department of Clinical Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, E Ciołka 27, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland; (J.J.); (D.S.-W.)
| | - Magdalena Chełchowska
- Department of Screening Tests and Metabolic Diagnostics, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Panczyk
- Department of Education and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, 00-581 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ewa Rudnicka
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Karowa 2, 00-315 Warsaw, Poland; (E.R.); (M.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Marek Kucharski
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Karowa 2, 00-315 Warsaw, Poland; (E.R.); (M.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Roman Smolarczyk
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Karowa 2, 00-315 Warsaw, Poland; (E.R.); (M.K.); (R.S.)
| | - Dorota Szostak-Węgierek
- Department of Clinical Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, E Ciołka 27, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland; (J.J.); (D.S.-W.)
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de Souza HCD, Philbois SV, de Paula Facioli T, Ferriani RA, Gastaldi AC. Aerobic physical training impact on adipokines in women with polycystic ovary syndrome - Effects of body fat percentage. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2022; 66:837-847. [PMID: 35929900 PMCID: PMC10118759 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective We investigated the effects of aerobic training on adipokine concentrations in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Subjects and methods 120 women, including 60 with PCOS and 60 without PCOS, were divided into six groups (n = 20) based on body fat percentages of 22%-27%, 28%-32%, and 33%-37%. All groups were submitted the same evaluations before and after 16 weeks of aerobic training. These included anthropometric and hemodynamic analyses, cardiopulmonary tests, and laboratory tests. Two-way analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the differences between women with and without PCOS, effect of the body fat percentage, and effect of aerobic training. Results Body fat and PCOS were associated with high values of blood glucose, insulin, and testosterone. Body fat also reduced adiponectin levels and increased leptin, tumor necrosis factoralpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). In contrast, the PCOS increased only TNF-α and IL-6 levels. In the PCOS group, aerobic training reduced insulin, triglycerides, leptin, and IL-6 levels. It also promoted an increase in adiponectin and high-density lipoprotein levels. However, aerobic training did not alter TNF-α concentrations. Conclusion The body fat potentiates metabolic impairments that may be harmful to women with PCOS. Aerobic training appears to promote an important beneficial effect on the metabolic regulation of adipokines, except TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Celso Dutra de Souza
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil,
| | - Stella Vieira Philbois
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Tábata de Paula Facioli
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Rui Alberto Ferriani
- Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Ada Clarice Gastaldi
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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Santos IK, Pichini GS, Daniel d. Ferreira C, Dantas PB, Browne RAV, de Queiros V, Soares GM, Gonçalves AK, Cabral BG, Maranhão TMO, Dantas PMS. Effects of high-intensity interval training in combination with detraining on mental health in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized controlled trial. Front Physiol 2022; 13:948414. [PMID: 36246128 PMCID: PMC9556821 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.948414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and detraining on the quality of life and mental health of 23 women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Participants were randomly assigned to the HIIT group (n = 12) [26.0 ± 3.92] and the control group (n = 11) [26.6 ± 4.68]. HIIT sessions comprised 40-60 min, 3 days a week for 12 weeks, followed by detraining for 30 days. We assessed the quality of life using the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and mental health by the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and we compared group changes on these variables at three time points: 1) at baseline, 2) after 12 weeks of HIIT (or no training), and 3) after 30 days of detraining (or no training). The participants were classified as overweight and had a high percentage of body fat (41.5%) and irregular menstrual cycles (amenorrhea) (66.7%). Throughout training, participants in the HIIT group reported improvements in domains of the quality of life: functional capacity (M = 80.4 ± 3.4 vs. M = 87.0 ± 3.1), physical role functioning (M = 72.5 ± 9.4 vs. M = 81.8 ± 9.7), and general health perception (M = 48.6 ± 4.6 vs. M = 69.0 ± 5.8). Regarding anxiety symptoms (M = 6.4 ± 1.6 vs. M = 3.7 ± 0.7) and depression symptoms (M = 6.7 ± 1.6 vs. M = 3.8 ± 0.9), those reduced significantly after HIIT. After a 30-day detraining period, there was an increase in the significant change in the quality of life; however, domains of mental health showed instability. In summary, the HIIT program promoted improvements in the quality of life and mental health in women with PCOS. The 30 days of detraining changed the benefits in the quality of life and stability in the changes in mental health domains.
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zadeh MAM, Afrasyabi S, Mohamadi ZA. The effects of exercise training induced calories expenditure on type 2 diabetes related cardio metabolic physiological parameters and adipocytokines. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022; 21:1219-1231. [PMID: 36404859 PMCID: PMC9672291 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00808-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Recently, many studies have examined the effects of various training on pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory adipocytes. The results of these studies are contradictory. Some have reported positive effects and others have reported negative effects. However, there is no research to study the effect of exercise on similar energy expenditures on adipocytes. Hence the purpose of this study was the effects exercise training induced calories expenditure on type 2 diabetes related cardio metabolic physiological parameters and adipocytokines. Methods Sixty-eight men patients with type 2 diabetes [12 weeks] were randomized to 4 groups according to training regimens. the groups are [1] HIIT [n = 17], [2] RT[n = 17], [3] AT[n = 18], and [4] AT + RT n = 16]. For 12 weeks [4 days/week, 20–30 min/season], participants performed training sessions with 300 kcal energy expenditure. Before and after 12 weeks interventions, Anthropometric and physiological variables and Glucose, insulin, FFA, LDL, HDL, TG, TC collected and analyses. Leptin, SFRP5, LGR4 and Irisin levels in Serum were assessment by ELISA. Results Serum irisin concentrations were significantly higher in AT [%20.4] compared to other groups. Leptin, SFRP5 and LGR4 were significantly higher in HIIT [%-21.7, %48.1 and %30.9 respectively] compared to other groups. Serum SFRP5 concentrations were significantly increased in 4 groups[P > 0.05]. However, leptin and LGR4 were significantly decreased and increased in 3 groups expect in RT group[P > 0.05]. And irisin concentrations were significantly increased in AT group only[P > 0.05]. And many variables indicated positive and negative relationship between together [P > 0.05]. Conclusions The findings of the present study showed that if exercised with energy expenditure equal to HIIT training, it has the greatest effect on improving inflammatory and anti-inflammatory indicators in type 2 diabetic patients, as well as glycemic and lipid-chemical variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Asle Mohammadi zadeh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Isfahan, Hezar Jerib Street, P.O. Box 81746-7344, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saleh Afrasyabi
- Department of Sports Science, Farhangian University, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Zaynab Asle Mohamadi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Ahvaz, Iran
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Ouerghi N, Fradj MKB, Duclos M, Bouassida A, Feki M, Weiss K, Knechtle B. Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training on Selected Adipokines and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Normal-Weight and Overweight/Obese Young Males-A Pre-Post Test Trial. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060853. [PMID: 35741374 PMCID: PMC9219855 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to assess effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on plasma adipokines and cardiometabolic markers in normal and excess weight youth. Eighteen healthy young males (18.2 ± 1.06 yrs.) were divided in normal-weight group (NWG; body mass index (BMI), 20.5 ± 1.51 kg/m2; n = 9) and excess-weight group (EWG; BMI, 30.8 ± 4.56 kg/m2; n = 9). Participants performed an eight-week HIIT program without caloric restriction. Body composition, plasma leptin, adiponectin, chemerin, omentin-1, lipids, C-reactive protein (CRP), and the homeostasis model assessment index for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were assessed before and after the HIIT program. The program resulted in significant increases in omentin levels (p < 0.01) in EWG (27%) and NWG (22%), but no changes in leptin, adiponectin, and chemerin in both groups. BMI (−1.62%; p = 0.015), body fat (−1.59%; p = 0.021), total cholesterol (−11.8%; p = 0.026), triglycerides (−21.3%; p = 0.023), and HOMA-IR (−31.5%; p = 0.043) decreased in EWG only. Repeated measures detected significant interaction “Time x Group” for body mass and BMI only. Eight-week HIIT program improved body composition, lipid profile, and insulin sensitivity in excess-weight individuals. It resulted in an increase in omentin levels in both normal- and excess-weight groups, but no changes in leptin, adiponectin, and chemerin. Body composition has not influenced the response of the four adipokines to HIIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nejmeddine Ouerghi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, UR13JS01, Jendouba 7100, Tunisia; (N.O.); (A.B.)
- Rabta Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, LR99ES11, Tunis 1007, Tunisia; (M.K.B.F.); (M.F.)
| | - Mohamed Kacem Ben Fradj
- Rabta Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, LR99ES11, Tunis 1007, Tunisia; (M.K.B.F.); (M.F.)
| | - Martine Duclos
- Departments of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, University-Hospital, G. Montpied Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
- INRA, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- UFR Medicine, Clermont University, University of Auvergne, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anissa Bouassida
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, UR13JS01, Jendouba 7100, Tunisia; (N.O.); (A.B.)
| | - Moncef Feki
- Rabta Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, LR99ES11, Tunis 1007, Tunisia; (M.K.B.F.); (M.F.)
| | - Katja Weiss
- Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland;
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, 9000 St. Gallen, Switzerland;
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-(0)-71-226-93-00
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9
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Chen P, Jia R, Liu Y, Cao M, Zhou L, Zhao Z. Progress of Adipokines in the Female Reproductive System: A Focus on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:881684. [PMID: 35692386 PMCID: PMC9178087 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.881684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue, one type of loose connective tissue in the human body, maintains the primary task of energy storage. Adipose tissue is not only an energy reservoir but also plays a vital role as the largest endocrine organ of the whole body via releasing a variety of adipokines, which participate in many pathophysiological processes, such as energy metabolism regulation, glucose and lipid metabolism, and inflammation. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a disorder that mainly involves the female reproductive system, affecting women of childbearing age particularly. Insulin resistance (IR) and hyperandrogenemia (HA) have been implicated as a critical link involving the etiology and outcome of PCOS. A great deal of studies has bridged the gap between adipokines (such as Adiponectin, Chemerin, Metrnl, Apelin, Resistin, Visfatin, Leptin, Vaspin, Lipocalin 2, and Omentin) and reproductive fitness. In this review, we will focus on the adipokines' functions on PCOS and come up with some points of view on the basis of current research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhiming Zhao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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10
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Elliott V, Waldrop SW, Wiromrat P, Carreau AM, Green MC. The Interaction of Obesity and Reproductive Function in Adolescents. Semin Reprod Med 2022; 40:53-68. [PMID: 35562099 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1744495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is increasing worldwide, including in pediatrics. Adequate nutrition is required for initiation of menses, and there is a clear secular trend toward earlier pubertal onset and menarche in females in countries around the globe. Similar findings of earlier pubertal start are suggested in males. However, as individuals and populations have crossed into over-nutritional states including overweight and obesity, the effect of excess weight on disrupting reproductive function has become apparent. Hypothalamic hypogonadism and polycystic ovary syndrome are two conditions where reproductive function appears to directly relate to excess weight. Clinical findings in individuals with certain polygenic and monogenic obesity syndromes, which also have reproductive disruptions, have helped elucidate neurologic pathways that are common to both. Clinical endocrinopathies such as hypothyroidism or panhypopituitarism also aide in the understanding of the role of the endocrine system in weight gain. Understanding the intersection of obesity and reproductive function may lead to future therapies which can treat both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Elliott
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Stephanie W Waldrop
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Pattara Wiromrat
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Anne-Marie Carreau
- Endocrinologue, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada.,Endocrinologie-Néphrologie, Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Melanie Cree Green
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.,Center for Women's Health Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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11
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Philbois SV, Ribeiro VB, Tank J, dos Reis RM, Gerlach DA, Souza HCD. Cardiovascular autonomic modulation differences between moderate-intensity continuous and high-intensity interval aerobic training in women with PCOS: A randomized trial. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1024844. [PMID: 36568110 PMCID: PMC9782449 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1024844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) is strongly recommended for polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) treatment. However, recent studies have suggested that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) would promote great benefits for cardiac autonomic control. Therefore, we investigated whether the benefits of HIIT related to cardiovascular autonomic control were greater than those of MICT in women with PCOS. METHODS Women with PCOS were randomly allocated through a blind draw into three groups: control, MICT, and HIIT. The control group did not undergo exercise, whereas those in the MICT and HIIT groups underwent 16 weeks of aerobic physical training. All groups were evaluated before and after the 16 weeks of intervention in the following aspects: quantification of serum lipids, testosterone, fasting insulin and blood glucose; physical fitness through cardiopulmonary testing; analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) by linear (time domain and frequency domain) and non-linear (symbolic analysis) methods, analysis of blood pressure variability (BPV) and spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). RESULTS The final analysis, each group comprised 25 individuals. All groups had similar baseline parameters. After 16 weeks, intragroup comparison showed that the MICT and HIIT groups had a reduction in baseline heart rate (P < 0.001; P < 0.001, respectively) and testosterone levels P < 0.037; P < 0.012, respectively) associated with an increase in VO2peak (MICT, P < 0.001; HIIT, P < 0.001). The MICT (P < 0.36) and HIIT (P < 0.17) groups also showed an increase in cardiac vagal modulation, however only observed in the non-linear analysis. The intergroup comparison showed no differences between the MICT and HIIT groups in any of the hormonal, metabolic and autonomic parameters evaluated, including testosterone, peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), HRV, BPV and BRS. CONCLUSION HIIT and MICT showed similar results for the different parameters evaluated. This suggests that both training protocols can be recommended for the treatment of PCOS. Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (RBR-78qtwy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella V. Philbois
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cardiovascular Physiotherapy, Department of Science of Health, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor B. Ribeiro
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jens Tank
- Department of Cardiovascular Aerospace Medicine, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rosana Maria dos Reis
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Darius A. Gerlach
- Department of Cardiovascular Aerospace Medicine, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hugo C. D. Souza
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cardiovascular Physiotherapy, Department of Science of Health, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Cardiovascular Aerospace Medicine, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
- *Correspondence: Hugo C. D. Souza,
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12
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de Oliveira-Nunes SG, Castro A, Sardeli AV, Cavaglieri CR, Chacon-Mikahil MPT. HIIT vs. SIT: What Is the Better to Improve V˙O 2max? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:13120. [PMID: 34948733 PMCID: PMC8700995 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lack of time is seen as a barrier to maintaining a physically active lifestyle. In this sense, interval training has been suggested as a time-efficient strategy for improving health, mainly due to its potential to increase cardiorespiratory fitness. Currently, the most discussed interval training protocols in the literature are the high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and the sprint interval training (SIT). Objective: We investigated, through a systematic review and meta-analysis, which interval training protocol, HIIT or SIT, promotes greater gain in cardiorespiratory fitness (V˙O2max/peak). The studies were selected from the PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus and Web of Science databases. From these searches, a screening was carried out, selecting studies that compared the effects of HIIT and SIT protocols on V˙O2max/peak. A total of 19 studies were included in the final analysis. Due to the homogeneity between studies (I2 = 0%), fixed-effects analyses were performed. There was no significant difference in the V˙O2max/peak gains between HIIT and SIT for the standardized mean difference (SMD = 0.150; 95% CI = -0.038 to 0.338; p = 0.119), including studies that presented both measurements in mL·kg-1·min-1 and l·min-1; and raw mean differences (RMD = 0.921 mL·kg-1·min-1; 95% CI = -0.185 to 2.028; p = 0.103) were calculated only with data presented in mL·kg-1·min-1. We conclude that the literature generates very consistent data to confirm that HIIT and SIT protocols promote similar gains in cardiorespiratory fitness. Thus, for this purpose, the choice of the protocol can be made for convenience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silas Gabriel de Oliveira-Nunes
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Érico Verissimo, 701-Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz” Barão Geraldo, Campinas 13083-851, SP, Brazil; (C.R.C.); (M.P.T.C.-M.)
| | - Alex Castro
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Érico Verissimo, 701-Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz” Barão Geraldo, Campinas 13083-851, SP, Brazil; (C.R.C.); (M.P.T.C.-M.)
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rod. Washington Luiz, s/n, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Veiga Sardeli
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Érico Verissimo, 701-Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz” Barão Geraldo, Campinas 13083-851, SP, Brazil; (C.R.C.); (M.P.T.C.-M.)
| | - Claudia Regina Cavaglieri
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Érico Verissimo, 701-Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz” Barão Geraldo, Campinas 13083-851, SP, Brazil; (C.R.C.); (M.P.T.C.-M.)
| | - Mara Patricia Traina Chacon-Mikahil
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Érico Verissimo, 701-Cidade Universitária “Zeferino Vaz” Barão Geraldo, Campinas 13083-851, SP, Brazil; (C.R.C.); (M.P.T.C.-M.)
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13
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Moore JM, Waldrop SW, Cree-Green M. Weight Management in Adolescents with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Curr Obes Rep 2021; 10:311-321. [PMID: 34043216 PMCID: PMC8898097 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-021-00437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common condition that clinically presents during adolescence. PCOS is associated with increased rates of overweight and obesity, as well as higher rates of metabolic disease, especially type 2 diabetes. Weight loss decreases PCOS symptoms and risk for metabolic disease. The goal of this review is to evaluate recent studies describing the hormonal, metabolic, and weight effects of different weight loss strategies: dietary, physical activity, pharmacotherapy, bariatric surgery, mood modification, and sleep. RECENT FINDINGS Calorie restriction continues to be supported as the primary nutrition intervention to achieve weight loss in individuals with PCOS, and a dietary macronutrient composition with lower compared to higher glycemic carbohydrates may be more effective. There is limited data that vitamins, nutraceuticals, and probiotics may improve hormonal and metabolic outcomes. Most types of physical activity are effective in improving outcomes in PCOS and lowering weight. Whereas there are promising data on anti-obesity medications such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in adults with PCOS and adolescents with obesity, further work is needed to know if these therapies are effective in youth with PCOS. Research is lacking on the effectiveness of other anti-obesity medications in PCOS. Bariatric surgery is especially promising for decreasing weight in adults and youth, and reversing type 2 diabetes in youth, though PCOS data are lacking. Treatment of depression in adolescents with insulin resistance and women with PCOS is associated with improved weight loss. Adolescents with PCOS and obesity may have greater sleep-related risks including circadian misalignment and obstructive sleep apnea, interventions for which have not yet been conducted. Clinical trials on weight loss strategies in adolescents with PCOS remain limited, with most information inferred from studies in women with PCOS or adolescents with obesity. However, there are multiple options to optimize weight loss in dietary, activity, pharmacotherapy, bariatric surgery, mood modification, and sleep domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime M Moore
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Stephanie W Waldrop
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Melanie Cree-Green
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Center for Women's Health Research, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, PO Box 265, 13123 E 16th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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Review: Vaspin (SERPINA12) Expression and Function in Endocrine Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071710. [PMID: 34359881 PMCID: PMC8307435 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper functioning of the body depends on hormonal homeostasis. White adipose tissue is now known as an endocrine organ due to the secretion of multiple molecules called adipokines. These proteins exert direct effects on whole body functions, including lipid metabolism, angiogenesis, inflammation, and reproduction, whereas changes in their level are linked with pathological events, such as infertility, diabetes, and increased food intake. Vaspin-visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor, or SERPINA12 according to serpin nomenclature, is an adipokine discovered in 2005 that is connected to the development of insulin resistance, obesity, and inflammation. A significantly higher amount of vaspin was observed in obese patients. The objective of this review was to summarize the latest findings about vaspin expression and action in endocrine tissues, such as the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, adipose tissue, thyroid, ovary, placenta, and testis, as well as discuss the link between vaspin and pathologies connected with hormonal imbalance.
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15
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Esteves JV, Andreato LV. High-intensity interval training: Methodological caution to minimize risks of bias. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 30:2503-2504. [PMID: 33463785 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- João Victor Esteves
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Vidal Andreato
- Sport and Exercise Psychology Laboratory (LAPE), State University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Effect of high-intensity interval training on metabolic parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245023. [PMID: 33465123 PMCID: PMC7815156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our aim was to assess the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on metabolic parameters and body composition in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS AND ANALYSIS A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted using Embase, MEDLINE (via Ovid), PubMed, Sport Discus, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar (advanced feature) up to September 2020. Two authors independently screened citations and determined the risk of bias and quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Meta-analyses were conducted using random effects model. RESULTS Seven trials (n = 423) were included in the systematic review. The studies included HIIT interventions vs. moderate exercise or control groups. Most studies were small (average 32, range 24-110 participants) and of relatively short duration (10-16 weeks). The training intensity was performed between 90% and 95% of the maximum heart rate, three times a week, for at least 10 weeks. Insulin resistance, measured using homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and body mass index (BMI) showed a significant decrease (MD -0.57; 95% CI, -0.98 to -0.16, p = 0.01), (MD -1.90, 95% CI -3.37, -0.42, p = 0.01) with moderate and high certainty of evidence, respectively. CONCLUSION Results support that HIIT alone is effective for reducing HOMA-IR and BMI in women with PCOS. However, evidence is limited to discern the effect of HIIT on other outcomes. Future studies with a longer duration (> 16 weeks), larger sample sizes and other outcomes are needed.
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Khalafi M, Symonds ME. The impact of high‐intensity interval training on inflammatory markers in metabolic disorders: A meta‐analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30:2020-2036. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Khalafi
- Department of Exercise Physiology Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Guilan Rasht Iran
| | - Michael E. Symonds
- The Early Life Research Unit Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Nottingham Digestive Disease Centre and Biomedical Research Centre School of Medicine University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
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A Systematic Review of the Effects of Exercise on Hormones in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2020; 5:jfmk5020035. [PMID: 33467251 PMCID: PMC7739243 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk5020035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that is characterized by menstrual irregularity and elevated serum androgens, and is often accompanied by insulin resistance. The etiology of PCOS is unknown. Lifestyle interventions and weight loss, where appropriate, remain first-line treatments for women with PCOS. Regular physical activity is recommended for women with PCOS to maintain a healthy weight and cardiovascular fitness. PURPOSE To review the evidence for the impact of various exercise interventions on hormone levels in women with PCOS. METHODS A systematic review of original studies indexed in PubMed that utilized an exercise intervention in women with PCOS and reported hormone values pre- and post-intervention. Studies in which the effects of the exercise intervention could be determined were included. RESULTS Vigorous aerobic exercise improves insulin measures in women with PCOS. Resistance or strength training may improve androgen levels, though additional studies are warranted. Studies with yoga are limited but suggest improvements in androgens. Limited information is available on the impact of exercise on adipokines and anti-Müllerian hormone, warranting further investigation. CONCLUSIONS Recommended guidelines for women with PCOS include vigorous aerobic exercise and resistance training to improve measures of insulin sensitivity and androgen levels.
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