1
|
Alherz FA, Saleh A, Alsheikh MY, Borg HM, Kabel AM, Abd Elmaaboud MA. Shikonin mitigates cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity in mice: the role of sirtuin-1, NLRP3 inflammasome, autophagy, and apoptosis. J Pharm Pharmacol 2024:rgae119. [PMID: 39245439 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgae119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to elucidate the protective potential of shikonin (SHK) on cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced cardiotoxicity in Swiss albino mice. METHODS Mice received SHK in three different doses by oral gavage daily for 14 days and CP at 100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally once on the seventh day. On the 15th day, mice were euthanized, blood collected, and hearts were removed to estimate various biochemical and histopathological parameters. KEY FINDINGS CP significantly increased serum lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase-MB, troponin I and NT pro-BNP, and cardiac malondialdehyde and decreased cardiac total antioxidant capacity and Nrf2, whereas increased inflammatory markers in the cardiac tissues. CP also caused hypertrophy and fibrosis in the cardiac tissues via activation of IL6/JAK2/STAT3 while depressed SIRT1 and PI3K/p-Akt pathway with consequent increased apoptosis and dysregulation of autophagy. SHK treatment reversed these changes in a dose-dependent manner and showed a significant protective effect against CP-induced cardiotoxicity via suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis with modulation of autophagy via induction of SIRT1/PI3K/p-Akt signaling. CONCLUSIONS Shikonin may be used as an adjuvant to cyclophosphamide in cancer treatment, but further research is needed to investigate its effects on cardiotoxicity in distinct animal cancer models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemah A Alherz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Y Alsheikh
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22254-2265, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany M Borg
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Kabel
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Srivastava T, Tyagi D, Fatima S, Sathyan MTV, Raj R, Sharma A, Chaturvedi M, Sinha M, Shishodia SK, Kumar D, Sharma SK, Shankar J, Satish A, Priya S. A natural small molecule-mediated inhibition of alpha-synuclein aggregation leads to neuroprotection in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Neurochem 2024; 168:1640-1654. [PMID: 37429595 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Small molecules are being explored intensively for their applications as therapeutic molecules in the management of metabolic and neurological disorders. The natural small molecules can inhibit protein aggregation and underlying cellular pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases involving multi-factorial mechanisms of action. Certain natural small molecular inhibitors of pathogenic protein aggregation are highly efficient and have shown promising therapeutic potential. In the present study, Shikonin (SHK), a natural plant-based naphthoquinone has been investigated for its aggregation inhibition activity against α-synuclein (α-syn) and the neuroprotective potential in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). SHK significantly inhibited aggregation of α-syn at sub-stochiometric concentrations, delayed the linear lag phase and growth kinetics of seeded and unseeded α-syn aggregation. The binding of SHK to the C-terminus of α-syn maintained α-helical and disordered secondary structures with reduced beta-sheet content and complexity of aggregates. Further, in C. elegans transgenic PD models, SHK significantly reduced α-syn aggregation, improved locomotor activity and prevented dopaminergic (DA) neuronal degeneration, indicating the neuroprotective role of SHK. The present study highlights the potential of natural small molecules in the prevention of protein aggregation that may further be explored for their therapeutic efficacy in the management of protein aggregation and neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tulika Srivastava
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Divya Tyagi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, India
| | - Siraj Fatima
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Malur Thirumalesh Vishnu Sathyan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, India
| | - Ritu Raj
- Department of Advanced Spectroscopy and Imaging, Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), Lucknow, India
| | - Aniket Sharma
- Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, India
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Minal Chaturvedi
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Meetali Sinha
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Computational Toxicology Facility, Toxicoinformatics Research Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR) Vishvigyan Bhawan, Lucknow, India
| | - Sonia Kumari Shishodia
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, India
- University Institute of Biotechnology (UIBT), Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Advanced Spectroscopy and Imaging, Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), Lucknow, India
| | - Sandeep K Sharma
- Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, India
| | - Jata Shankar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, India
| | - Aruna Satish
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, India
| | - Smriti Priya
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu T, Zheng N, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Lei H, Zhen X, Wang Y, Gou D, Zhao J. Recent advancements in chitosan-based intelligent food freshness indicators: Categorization, advantages, and applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133554. [PMID: 38950804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
With an increasing emphasis on food safety and public health, there is an ongoing effort to develop reliable, non-invasive methods to assess the freshness of diverse food products. Chitosan-based food freshness indicators, leveraging properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and high stability, offer an innovative approach for real-time monitoring of food quality during storage and transportation. This review introduces intelligent food freshness indicators, specifically those utilizing pH-sensitive dyes like anthocyanins, curcumin, alizarin, shikonin, and betacyanin. It highlights the benefits of chitosan-based intelligent food freshness indicators, emphasizing improvements in barrier and mechanical properties, antibacterial activity, and composite film solubility. The application of these indicators in the food industry is then explored, alongside a concise overview of chitosan's limitations. The paper concludes by discussing the challenges and potential areas for future research in the development of intelligent food freshness indicators using chitosan. Thus, chitosan-based smart food preservation indicators represent an innovative approach to providing real-time data for monitoring food quality, offering valuable insights to both customers and retailers, and playing a pivotal role in advancing the food industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Barrier-free for the Disabled Ministry of Education, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yaomei Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Hongyu Lei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xinyu Zhen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Dongxia Gou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Barrier-free for the Disabled Ministry of Education, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Barrier-free for the Disabled Ministry of Education, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao Q, Wang K, Hou L, Guo L, Liu X. Based on network pharmacology and molecular docking to explore the potential mechanism of shikonin in periodontitis. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:839. [PMID: 39048977 PMCID: PMC11270799 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04618-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the potential mechanisms of shikonin in preventing and treating periodontitis using network pharmacology and molecular docking methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS The targets of shikonin were obtained in TCMSP and SEA databases, and targets of periodontitis were gathered from the OMIM, GeneCards and Drugbank Databases. The intersecting targets were entered into the DAVID database to obtain the relevant biological functions and pathways by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. The obtained targets were analysed the protein-protein interaction (PPI) in STRING platform. In Cytoscape 3.8.0, the network analysis function with the MCODE plug-in were used to obtain the key targets, of shikonin and periodontitis. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation (MD) were used to assess the affinity between the shikonin and the key targets. RESULTS Shikonin was screened for 22 targets and periodontitis was screened for 944 targets, the intersecting targets were considered as potential therapeutic targets. The targets played important roles in cellular response to hypoxia, response to xenobiotic stimulus and positive regulates of apoptotic process by GO enrichment analysis. 10 significant pathways were analyzed by KEGG, such as human cytomegalovirus infection and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, etc. Cytoscape software screened the key genes including AKT1, CCL5, CXCR4, PPARG, PTEN, PTGS2 and TP53. Molecular docking and MD results showed that shikonin could bind stably to the targets. CONCLUSIONS The present study enriched the molecular mechanisms in periodontitis with shikonin, providing potential therapeutic targets for periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingliang Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Harbin the First Hospital, Harbin, 150010, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Central Sterile Supply, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Lin Hou
- Department of Stomatology, Harbin the First Hospital, Harbin, 150010, China
| | - Lin Guo
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town,Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Xiangyan Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Harbin the First Hospital, Harbin, 150010, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Leypold T, Herbsthofer A, Craveiro RB, Wolf M, Beier JP, Ruhl T. Effects of cannabinoid receptor activation on Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide stimulation in human periodontal ligament stem cells in vitro. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2024; 54:54.e21. [PMID: 39058353 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2303680184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that results in the loss of periodontal tissue. The endocannabinoid system has anti-inflammatory properties and displays considerable potential for tissue regeneration. In this study, we aimed to explore whether the activation of this system can alleviate or reverse the inflammatory phenotype of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) induced by exposure to the inflammagen lipopolysaccharide (LPS). METHODS We investigated the effects of activating specific cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) on the inflammatory phenotype of LPS-stimulated hPDLSCs. The exogenous ligands WIN55,212-2 and JWH-133 were employed to target the cannabinoid receptors. We conducted a thorough assessment of cell proliferation, metabolic activity, and adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation potential. Additionally, we measured cytokine release using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS Exposure to Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) caused an increase in cell proliferation while decreasing metabolic activity. While this exposure did not influence adipogenic or chondrogenic differentiation, it did result in reduced osteogenesis. Additionally, LPS induced the release of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1. Immunolabeling revealed the presence of CB1 and CB2 on the cellular membrane, with these receptors playing distinct roles in hPDLSCs. The CB1 agonist WIN55,212-2 was found to increase metabolic activity and promote adipogenic differentiation, whereas the CB2 agonist JWH-133 promoted cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. When hPDLSCs were co-exposed to Pg-LPS and CB ligands, JWH-133 slightly ameliorated the inhibition of osteogenic differentiation and suppressed the release of inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS This study clarifies the effects of specific CB receptor activation on hPDLCs and the inflammatory phenotype. Stimulation of the endocannabinoid system through the manipulation of endogenous or the application of exogenous cannabinoids in vivo may represent a potent therapeutic option for combating periodontal inflammatory disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Leypold
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Alix Herbsthofer
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rogerio B Craveiro
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Wolf
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Justus P Beier
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim Ruhl
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery-Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cong S, Peng Q, Cao L, Yi Q, Liu Y, Li L, Tong Q, Liang D. Diosgenin prevents periodontitis by inhibiting inflammation and promoting osteogenic differentiation. Oral Dis 2024; 30:2497-2510. [PMID: 37593795 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Diosgenin, an essential dietary steroidal sapogenin, possess multiple pharmacological activities. This study aimed to assess the effects of diosgenin on periodontitis and elucidate the mechanisms. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLCs) and a Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g) plus ligation-induced animal model were used for in vitro and in vivo studies, respectively. Inflammatory responses, nuclear factor κ-B (NF-κB) signaling and osteogenesis-related markers were measured both in LPS-stimulated hPDLSCs and in gingival tissue of periodontitis rats. Treatment with diosgenin significantly inhibited the production of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and interleukin (IL)-6 and the activation of NF-κB pathway in LPS-stimulated hPDLSCs. Further, treatment with diosgenin enhanced the expression of osteoblast-related genes and increased the osteogenic differentiation capacity. Further, activation NF-κB pathway largely abolished the protective effects of diosgenin. Consistent with the in vitro studies, in vivo studies showed that administering diosgenin to periodontitis rats significantly lowered the levels of the TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and the inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB in gingival tissue. In addition, osteoblast-related genes were promoted. Diosgenin attenuates periodontitis by adjusting NF-κB signaling to inhibit inflammatory effects and promoting osteogenesis, suggesting diosgenin might be developed as a therapeutic strategy for treating periodontitis in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Cong
- Department of Stomatology, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Peng
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hubei No. 3 People's Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liou Cao
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingqing Yi
- Clinical Research Center, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Linhui Li
- Clinical Research Center, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingchun Tong
- Department of Stomatology, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongyu Liang
- Clinical Research Center, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hou X, Ai X, Liu Z, Yang J, Wu Y, Zhang D, Feng N. Wheat germ agglutinin modified mixed micelles overcome the dual barrier of mucus/enterocytes for effective oral absorption of shikonin and gefitinib. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01602-0. [PMID: 38656402 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01602-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The combination of shikonin (SKN) and gefitinib (GFB) can reverse the drug resistance of lung cancer cells by affecting energy metabolism. However, the poor solubility of SKN and GFB limits their clinical application because of low bioavailability. Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) can selectively bind to sialic acid and N-acetylglucosamine on the surfaces of microfold cells and enterocytes, and is a targeted biocompatible material. Therefore, we created a co-delivery micelle system called SKN/GFB@WGA-micelles with the intestinal targeting functions to enhance the oral absorption of SKN and GFB by promoting mucus penetration for nanoparticles via oral administration. In this study, Caco-2/HT29-MTX-E12 co-cultured cells were used to simulate a mucus/enterocyte dual-barrier environment, and HCC827/GR cells were used as a model of drug-resistant lung cancer. We aimed to evaluate the oral bioavailability and anti-tumor effect of SKN and GFB using the SKN/GFB@WGA-micelles system. In vitro and in vivo experimental results showed that WGA promoted the mucus penetration ability of micelles, significantly enhanced the uptake efficiency of enterocytes, improved the oral bioavailability of SKN and GFB, and exhibited good anti-tumor effects by reversing drug resistance. The SKN/GFB@WGA-micelles were stable in the gastrointestinal tract and provided a novel safe and effective drug delivery strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Xinyi Ai
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhenda Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jiayi Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yihan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Di Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Nianping Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO. 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li F, Liu X, Li M, Wu S, Le Y, Tan J, Zhu C, Wan Q. Inhibition of PKM2 suppresses osteoclastogenesis and alleviates bone loss in mouse periodontitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 129:111658. [PMID: 38359663 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic periodontitis triggers an increase in osteoclastogenesis, with glycolysis playing a crucial role in this process. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is a critical enzyme involved in glycolysis and pyruvate metabolism. Yet, the precise function of PKM2 in osteoclasts and their formation remains unclear and requires further investigation. METHODS Bioinformatics was used to investigate critical biological processes in osteoclastogenesis. In vitro, osteoclastogenesis was analyzed using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, phalloidin staining, quantitative real‑time PCR (RT-qPCR), and Western blotting. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) of PKM2 and Shikonin, a specific inhibitor of PKM2, were used to verify the role of PKM2 in osteoclastogenesis. The mouse model of periodontitis was used to assess the effect of shikonin on bone loss. Analyses included micro computed tomography, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, TRAP staining and HE staining. RESULTS Bioinformatic analysis revealed a significant impact of glycolysis and pyruvate metabolism on osteoclastogenesis. Inhibition of PKM2 leads to a significant reduction in osteoclastogenesis. In vitro, co-culture of the heat-killed Porphyromonas gingivalis significantly promoted osteoclastogenesis, concomitant with an increased PKM2 expression in osteoclasts. Shikonin weakened the promoting effect of porphyromonas gingivalis on osteoclastogenesis. In vivo experiments demonstrated that inhibition of PKM2 by shikonin alleviated bone loss induced by periodontitis, suppressed excessive osteoclastogenesis in alveolar bone, and reduced tissue inflammation to some extent. CONCLUSION PKM2 inhibition by shikonin, a specific inhibitor of this enzyme, attenuated osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in periodontitis. Shikonin appears to be a promising therapeutic agent for treating periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China.
| | - Xinyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China.
| | - Mingjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China.
| | - Shuxuan Wu
- Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yushi Le
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China.
| | - Jingjing Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China.
| | - Chongjie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China.
| | - Qilong Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Han H, Chen L, Liang S, Lü J, Wu Y, Wang X, Xu F, Ge L, Xiao L. PLA-HPG based coating enhanced anti-biofilm and wound healing of Shikonin in MRSA-infected burn wound. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1243525. [PMID: 37635995 PMCID: PMC10448828 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1243525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Burn wounds are susceptible to bacterial infections, including Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which typically form biofilms and exhibit drug resistance. They also have specific feature of abundant exudate, necessitating frequent drug administration. Shikonin (SKN) has been reported to reverse MRSA drug resistance and possesses anti-biofilm and wound healing properties, however, it suffers from drawbacks of low solubility and instability. In this study, we developed PLA-HPG based bioadhesive nanoparticles SKN/BNP, which demonstrated a drug loading capacity of about 3.6%, and exhibited sustained-release behavior of SKN. The aldehyde groups present on the surface of BNP improved the local adhesion of SKN/BNP both in vitro and in vivo, thereby reducing the frequency of drug dosing in exudate-rich burn wounds. BNP alone enhanced proliferation and migration of the fibroblast, while SKN/BNP promoted fibroblast proliferation and migration as well as angiogenesis. Due to its bioadhesive property, BNP directly interacted with biofilm and enhanced the efficacy of SKN against MRSA biofilm in vitro. In a mouse model of MRSA-infected burn wounds, SKN/BNP demonstrated improved anti-biofilm and wound healing efficiency. Overall, our findings suggest that SKN/BNP holds great promise as a novel and effective treatment option for clinical applications in MRSA-infected burn wounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Han
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianheng Chen
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu Liang
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch, Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiawei Lü
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yashi Wu
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiongjun Wang
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lanlan Ge
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch, Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingyun Xiao
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
- Center Lab of Longhua Branch, Department of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang X, Wang C, Yang M, Jie W, Fazal A, Fu J, Yin T, Cai J, Liu B, Lu G, Lin H, Han H, Wen Z, Qi J, Yang Y. Genome-Wide Comparison and Functional Characterization of HMGR Gene Family Associated with Shikonin Biosynthesis in Lithospermum erythrorhizon. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12532. [PMID: 37569907 PMCID: PMC10419935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR), as the rate-limiting enzyme in the mevalonate pathway, is essential for the biosynthesis of shikonin in Lithospermum erythrorhizon. However, in the absence of sufficient data, the principles of a genome-wide in-depth evolutionary exploration of HMGR family members in plants, as well as key members related to shikonin biosynthesis, remain unidentified. In this study, 124 HMGRs were identified and characterized from 36 representative plants, including L. erythrorhizon. Vascular plants were found to have more HMGR family genes than nonvascular plants. The phylogenetic tree revealed that during lineage and species diversification, the HMGRs evolved independently and intronless LerHMGRs emerged from multi-intron HMGR in land plants. Among them, Pinus tabuliformis and L. erythrorhizon had the most HMGR gene duplications, with 11 LerHMGRs most likely expanded through WGD/segmental and tandem duplications. In seedling roots and M9 cultured cells/hairy roots, where shikonin biosynthesis occurs, LerHMGR1 and LerHMGR2 were expressed significantly more than other genes. The enzymatic activities of LerHMGR1 and LerHMGR2 further supported their roles in catalyzing the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate. Our findings provide insight into the molecular evolutionary properties and function of the HMGR family in plants and a basis for the genetic improvement of efficiently produced secondary metabolites in L. erythrorhizon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Changyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Minkai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wencai Jie
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Aliya Fazal
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiangyan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tongming Yin
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jinfeng Cai
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Bao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Guihua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Hongyan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongwei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhongling Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jinliang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yonghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wu C, Xia L, Zhang B, Bai Z, Yuan L, Xu D. Astragaloside reduces toxic effect of periodontal ligament fibroblasts induced by lipopolysaccharide. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023:109693. [PMID: 37454920 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a non-specific and chronic disease which is highly prevalent, resulting in inflammation and destruction of periodontal tissues. This study aims to explore the effect and mechanism of astragaloside on periodontitis. We used CCK-8, Western Blot, qPCR and flow cytometry to analyze cell viability, related protein and mRNA expression, and cell apoptosis. We found that AST could promote cell proliferation and reduce apoptosis induced by LPS. Besides, AST could alleviate the increased expression of COX-2 and ICAM-1 induced by LPS. MiR-26b-3P specifically targeted the 3' UTR of ICAM-1. These results indicate that AST reduces toxic effect of human periodontal ligament cells through regulating miR-26b-3P/ICAM-1, thus highlighting its protective role in periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Baoshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai, 201900, China
| | - Lin Xia
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Baoshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai, 201900, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Baoshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai, 201900, China
| | - Zhongying Bai
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Baoshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai, 201900, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Baoshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai, 201900, China
| | - Dongsheng Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Baoshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai, 201900, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yan Y, Wei X, Qiu B, Wang G, Zhou B, Zhang M, Liu Y, Li S, Gao B, Li M. Exploring pharmaphylogeny from multiple perspectives: a case study on Lithospermeae. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7636. [PMID: 37169837 PMCID: PMC10175555 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34830-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lithospermeae Dumort., a tribe under the subfamily Boraginoidae, is a perennial herb containing approximately 470 species under 26 genera, primarily distributed in temperate and tropical regions. To gain a deeper understanding of the medicinal plants of Lithospermeae and better protect and develop plant medicinal resources, the phytochemistry, pharmacology, and traditional use of Lithospermeae with medicinal value were analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out based on the internal transcribed spacer sequence. Through spatial analysis and the species distribution model, the spatial distribution pattern of Lithospermeae medicinal plants was analyzed. Meanwhile, the relevant targets and pathways involved in the pharmacological effects of commonly used medicinal plants were predicted using network pharmacology to further explore the genetic origin of Lithospermeae and enrich the pharmaphylogeny of medicinal plants. In this study, the chemical composition, traditional efficacy, and modern pharmacological activity of Lithospermeae were collected for the first time and analyzed in combination with the geographical distribution model, molecular phylogeny, and network pharmacology. Based on our findings, the pharmaphylogeny of Lithospermeae was preliminarily discussed, providing the scientific basis for basic research regarding Lithospermeae. Concurrently, this study explored the relationship between the development of the regional medicinal plant industry and the protection of biodiversity. Furthermore, our findings provide direction and theoretical guidance for the study of the phylogenetic relationships in medicinal plants and the development of Lithospermeae medicinal plant resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014040, China
- Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Inner Mongolia Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Xinxin Wei
- Department College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Bin Qiu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Guoping Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica and Ethnic Materia Medica, Xinjiang Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Ethnical Materia, Xinjiang, 830000, China
| | - Baochang Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Mingxu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014040, China
| | - Yibo Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010000, China
| | - Siqi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014040, China
| | - Bowen Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014040, China
| | - Minhui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014040, China.
- Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Inner Mongolia Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, 010000, China.
- Department College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010000, China.
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hu P, Zhu C. Betulinic Acid Exerts Anti-inflammatory Activity in Human Periodontal Ligament Cells Stimulated with Lipopolysaccharide and/or High Glucose. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2023; 23:95-104. [PMID: 35538811 DOI: 10.2174/1871530322666220509231119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic patients have weakened periodontal ligaments and an increased risk of periodontitis due to uncontrolled glycemia. Betulinic acid (BA), a hypoglycemic drug, has anti-inflammatory activities. OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to explore the protective effect of BA on the inflammation in human periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and/or high glucose (HG) status and its mechanisms of action. METHODS Human PDLCs were exposed to LPS and/or HG, with or without BA intervention. The production of nitrite oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were quantified by Griess reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Immunoblotting analyses were employed to detect the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX- 2), as well as the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor kappa- B (NF-κB) in human PDLCs. RESULTS The increased production of iNOS/NO and COX-2/PGE2 and increased phosphorylated levels of IκBα, JNK, and p38 can be detected in human PDLCs with LPS and/or HG situations, while increased phosphorylated ERK can be seen in cells under only LPS condition. Furthermore, the non-toxic concentration of BA (10 μM) prevented NF-κB and MAPKs activation and partly but significantly reversed the induction of COX-2/ PGE2 and iNOS/NO in human PDLCs with LPS and/or HG loaded. CONCLUSION BA was proved for the first time to protect human PDLCs from the LPS-induced and/or HG-induced inflammation, which works through the mechanism involving the action of MAPKs and NF-κB. signaling pathways. Thus, BA could be used to alleviate diabetic complications of periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Hu
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chunxia Zhu
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shikonin promotes rat periodontal bone defect repair and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by p38 MAPK pathway. Odontology 2022:10.1007/s10266-022-00774-w. [DOI: 10.1007/s10266-022-00774-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
15
|
Zhao N, Li Z, Li Y, Liu G, Deng X, Ma Q, Hong C, Sun S. Rapid Qualitative and Quantitative Characterization of Arnebiae Radix by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) with Partial Least Squares—Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA). ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2096627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- College of Pharmacy/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhaoyang Li
- College of Pharmacy/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Youping Li
- College of Pharmacy/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Gaixia Liu
- College of Pharmacy/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiling Deng
- College of Pharmacy/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qian Ma
- College of Pharmacy/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chenglin Hong
- College of Pharmacy/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shiguo Sun
- College of Pharmacy/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mu Z, Guo J, Zhang D, Xu Y, Zhou M, Guo Y, Hou Y, Gao X, Han X, Geng L. Therapeutic Effects of Shikonin on Skin Diseases: A Review. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 49:1871-1895. [PMID: 34961421 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Shikonin is one of the primary active components extracted from the dried root ofZicao (Lithospermum erythrorhizon, Onosma paniculata, or Arnebia euchroma), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Shikonin is known to not only exert anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic activities, but also play a crucial role in triggering the production of reactive oxygen species, suppressing the release of exosomes, and inducing apoptosis. Increasing evidence suggests that shikonin has a protective effect against skin diseases, including psoriasis, melanoma, and hypertrophic scars. In order to evaluate the application potential of shikonin in the treatment of skin diseases, this review is the first of its kind to provide comprehensive and up-to-date information regarding the uses of shikonin and its derivatives on skin diseases and its underlying mechanisms. In this review, we have focused on the signaling pathways and cellular targets involved in the anti-dermatosis effects of shikonin to bridge the gaps in the literature, thereby providing scientific support for the research and development of new drugs from a traditional medicinal plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Mu
- China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China.,Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, 155N, Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China.,Department of Dermatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36N, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China
| | - Jinrong Guo
- China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China.,Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, 155N, Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China.,Department of Dermatology, Jincheng People's Hospital, 456N, Wenchang East Street, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P. R. China
| | - Dongxia Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Zhongshan Torch Development Zone Hospital, 123N, Yixian Road, Torch Zone, Zhongshan 528400, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, 155N, Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Zhou
- China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China.,Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, 155N, Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China
| | - Yimeng Guo
- China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China.,Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, 155N, Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhu Hou
- China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China.,Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, 155N, Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China
| | - Xinghua Gao
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, 155N, Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China
| | - Xiuping Han
- Department of Dermatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36N, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China
| | - Long Geng
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital of China Medical University, 155N, Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sun Q, Gong T, Liu M, Ren S, Yang H, Zeng S, Zhao H, Chen L, Ming T, Meng X, Xu H. Shikonin, a naphthalene ingredient: Therapeutic actions, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, clinical trials and pharmaceutical researches. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 94:153805. [PMID: 34749177 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shikonin is one of the major phytochemical components of Lithospermum erythrorhizon (Purple Cromwell), which is a type of medicinal herb broadly utilized in traditional Chinese medicine. It is well established that shikonin possesses remarkable therapeutic actions on various diseases, with the underlying mechanisms, pharmacokinetics and toxicological effects elusive. Also, the clinical trial and pharmaceutical study of shikonin remain to be comprehensively delineated. PURPOSE The present review aimed to systematically summarize the updated knowledge regarding the therapeutic actions, pharmacokinetics, toxicological effects, clinical trial and pharmaceutical study of shikonin. METHODS The information contained in this review article were retrieved from some authoritative databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Google scholar, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database and so on, till August 2021. RESULTS Shikonin exerts multiple therapeutic efficacies, such as anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, cardiovascular protection, anti-microbiomes, analgesia, anti-obesity, brain protection, and so on, mainly by regulating the NF-κB, PI3K/Akt/MAPKs, Akt/mTOR, TGF-β, GSK3β, TLR4/Akt signaling pathways, NLRP3 inflammasome, reactive oxygen stress, Bax/Bcl-2, etc. In terms of pharmacokinetics, shikonin has an unfavorable oral bioavailability, 64.6% of the binding rate of plasma protein, and enhances some metabolic enzymes, particularly including cytochrome P450. In regard to the toxicological effects, shikonin may potentially cause nephrotoxicity and skin allergy. The above pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of shikonin have been validated by few clinical trials. In addition, pharmaceutical innovation of shikonin with novel drug delivery system such as nanoparticles, liposomes, microemulsions, nanogel, cyclodextrin complexes, micelles and polymers are beneficial to the development of shikonin-based drugs. CONCLUSIONS Shikonin is a promising phytochemical for drug candidates. Extensive and intensive explorations on shikonin are warranted to expedite the utilization of shikonin-based drugs in the clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ting Gong
- Department of Ultrasound, Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, China
| | - Maolun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Han Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Sha Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Tianqi Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Haibo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang Q, Liu Q, Zheng S, Liu T, Yang L, Han X, Lu X. Shikonin Inhibits Tumor Growth of ESCC by suppressing PKM2 mediated Aerobic Glycolysis and STAT3 Phosphorylation. J Cancer 2021; 12:4830-4840. [PMID: 34234853 PMCID: PMC8247391 DOI: 10.7150/jca.58494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Shikonin, a small molecule inhibitor of pyruvate kinase 2 (PKM2), has been demonstrated to play the antitumor effect in various cancers. However, the specific effects and related regulatory mechanism of Shikonin in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have not been clearly declared. Materials and methods: Cell viability was valued through 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Glucose consumption, lactate production, glycolytic intermediates and pyruvate kinase enzymatic activity were measured using corresponding assay kits. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models were constructed to observe the anti-ESCC effect of Shikonin in vivo. PKM2, p-PKM2, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), p-STAT3, glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and hexokinase 2 (HK2) in ESCC tissues were assessed by western blot. The expression of PKM2, p-PKM2, p-STAT3, GLUT1 and HK2 was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in ESCC tissue based on PDXs. Results: Shikonin effectively inhibited cell proliferation in dose-dependent and time-dependent manner compared with the control group. The detection of glycolysis showed that Shikonin suppressed the glucose consumption, lactate production, glycolytic intermediates and pyruvate kinase enzymatic activity. Furthermore, Shikonin not only inhibited the growth of ESCC, but also decreased the expression of p-PKM2 and p-STAT3 in vivo. Finally, Shikonin suppressed the expression of GLUT1 and HK2 proteins which are related to glycolysis. Conclusion: Shikonin has a significant antitumor effect in the ESCC by suppressing PKM2 mediated aerobic glycolysis and regulating PKM2/STAT3 signal pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shutao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Lifei Yang
- Cancer Hospital Affiliated of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiujuan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiaomei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ren M, Zhao Y, He Z, Lin J, Xu C, Liu F, Hu R, Deng H, Wang Y. Baicalein inhibits inflammatory response and promotes osteogenic activity in periodontal ligament cells challenged with lipopolysaccharides. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:43. [PMID: 33485352 PMCID: PMC7824944 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03213-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontitis is a chronic infection initiated by oral bacterial and their virulence factors, yet the severity of periodontitis is largely determined by the dysregulated host immuno-inflammatory response. Baicalein is a flavonoid extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis with promising anti-inflammatory properties. This study aims to clarify the anti-inflammatory and osteogenic effects of baicalein in periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) treated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Methods Human PDLCs were incubated with baicalein (0–100 μM) for 2 h prior to LPS challenge for 24 h. MTT analysis was adopted to assess the cytoxicity of baicalein. The mRNA and protein expression of inflammatory and osteogenic markers were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as appropriate. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alizarin red S (ARS) staining were performed to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation of PDLCs. The expression of Wnt/β-catenin and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling related proteins was assessed by western blot. Results MTT results showed that baicalein up to 100 μM had no cytotoxicity on PDLCs. Baicalein significantly attenuated the inflammatory factors induced by LPS, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), matrix metalloprotein-1 (MMP-1), MMP-2 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) at both mRNA and protein level. Moreover, MAPK signaling (ERK, JNK and p38) was significantly inhibited by baicalein, which may account for the mitigated inflammatory response. Next, we found that baicalein effectively restored the osteogenic differentiation of LPS-treated PDLCs, as shown by the increased ALP and ARS staining. Accordingly, the protein and gene expression of osteogenic markers, namely runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), collagen-I, and osterix were markedly upregulated. Importantly, baicalein could function as the Wnt/β-catenin signaling activator, which may lead to the increased osteoblastic differentiation of PDLCs. Conclusions With the limitation of the study, we provide in vitro evidence that baicalein ameliorates inflammatory response and restores osteogenesis in PDLCs challenged with LPS, indicating its potential use as the host response modulator for the management of periodontitis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-021-03213-5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manman Ren
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ya Zhao
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiqi He
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Lin
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuchu Xu
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rongdang Hu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Deng
- Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ng JJD, Upton Z, Leavesley D, Fan C. Investigating the Effects of Shikonin, Deoxyshikonin, and (β,β-Dimethylacryl)Shikonin on Melanoma Cell Lines. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20922328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most lethal form of various skin cancers and contributes to more than 79% of all skin cancer deaths. Although there are numerous therapies available for melanoma, the high rate of recurrence in melanoma post-therapy remains a challenging issue for both patients and clinicians. Apoptosis is one of the foundations for cancer treatment as deficient apoptosis is one of the most essential reasons for the formation of tumour tissues. Shikonin (SHI), an active component extracted from Lithospermum erythrorhizon, has been broadly demonstrated to possess antitumorigenic property due to its apoptosis-inducing ability in various cancer cell lines. The analogs of SHI, such as deoxyshikonin (DO-SHI) and (β,β-dimethylacryl)shikonin (β,β-SHI), have also been found to possess similar bioactivities. The apoptosis-inducing ability of SHI and its analogs enable them to be potential anticancer therapies. In this study reported herein, we investigated the effects of SHI, DO-SHI, and β,β-SHI on both human (A375) and mouse (B16-F0 and B16-F10) melanoma cell lines. Cell viability was measured using Alamar blue assay, while cell migration was detected using scratch assay. Cell apoptosis was captured using terminal deoxynucleotidyl dUTP nick end labeling and fluorescence activated cell sorting. Signaling pathway activation was detected using Western blotting. Our results revealed that SHI, DO-SHI, and β,β-SHI reduce cell viability, inhibit cell migration, and induce apoptosis in melanoma cell lines. These 3 molecules-induced apoptosis in A375 is regulated via mitogen-activated protein kinase/caspase 3 signaling pathway. In particular, DO-SHI and β,β-SHI induce higher apoptosis rate in A375 and B16-F0 compared to SHI. The data from this study demonstrate that DO-SHI and β,β-SHI offer potential new reagents for managing melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Jie Dillon Ng
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Singapore Polytechnic, Singapore
| | - Zee Upton
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - David Leavesley
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Chen Fan
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Biological Effects of Shikonin in Human Gingival Fibroblasts via ERK 1/2 Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193542. [PMID: 31574951 PMCID: PMC6804247 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Shikonin, an active ingredient of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, exerts anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects, and promotes wound healing. We investigated whether shikonin stimulated gingival tissue wound healing in human gingival fibroblasts (hGF). In addition, we evaluated the effects of shikonin on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, which has an important role in wound healing. hGF were subjected to primary culture using gingiva collected from patients. The cells were exposed to/treated with Shikonin at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 100 μM. The optimal concentration was determined by cell proliferation and migration assays. Type I collagen and fibronectin synthesis, the gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and FN, and the phosphorylation of Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 were investigated. Identical experiments were performed in the presence of PD98059 our data suggest, a specific ERK 1/2 inhibitor. Shikonin significantly promoted hGF proliferation and migration. Shikonin (1 µM) was chosen as the optimal concentration. Shikonin promoted type I collagen and FN synthesis, increased VEGF and FN expression, and induced ERK 1/2 phosphorylation. These changes were partially suppressed by PD98059. In conclusion, Shikonin promoted the proliferation, migration, type I collagen and FN synthesis, and expression of VEGF and FN via ERK 1/2 signaling pathway in hGFs. Therefore, shikonin may promote periodontal tissue wound healing.
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang H, Zhang G. Activation of CaMKKβ-AMPK-mTOR pathway is required for autophagy induction by β,β-dimethylacrylshikonin against lung adenocarcinoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 517:477-483. [PMID: 31376944 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.07.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
β,β-Dimethylacrylshikonin (DMAS), an active ingredient of Lithospermum erythrorhizon and Arnebia euchroma, possess anti-neoplasm properties. Recently, DMAS was reported to stimulate autophagy in lung adenocarcinoma cells. However, the mechanisms by which DMAS modulates autophagy. have not yet been clearly elucidated. In this study, we found that DMAS significantly elevated intracellular free calcium accumulation. This activated the CaMKKβ-AMPK-mTOR pathway, subsequently inhibited mTOR and its substrate p70s6k and 4E-BP1, eventually leading to autophagy. In addition, we demonstrated that inhibition of autophagy by BAPTA-AM or STO-609 or compound C potently enhanced DMAS-induced lung adenocarcinoma cells apoptosis and growth inhibition. Overall, our results suggested that cytoprotective autophagy was triggered by DMAS via CaMKKβ-AMPK-mTOR signaling cascade in human lung adenocarcinoma cells, meaning that combining use of DMAS and autophagy inhibitors as a novel therapeutic option for lung adenocarcinoma will be very promising.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haibing Wang
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gaochenxi Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Shikonin induces apoptosis and suppresses growth in keratinocytes via CEBP-δ upregulation. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 72:511-521. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
24
|
He Z, Zhou Q, Wen K, Wu B, Sun X, Wang X, Chen Y. Huangkui Lianchang Decoction Ameliorates DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice by Inhibiting the NF-kappaB Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:1040847. [PMID: 31093294 PMCID: PMC6481129 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1040847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) signaling pathway plays an important role in ulcerative colitis (UC). Huangkui Lianchang decoction (HLD) is an effective traditional Chinese medicinal compound used in the treatment of UC. HLD has good effects in the clinic, but the mechanism by which HLD acts is unclear. This study aims to reveal the exact molecular mechanism of HLD in the treatment of UC. METHODS Mouse ulcerative colitis was induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and treated with HLD. Intestinal damage was assessed by disease activity index (DAI), colon macroscopic lesion scores, and histological scores. Interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-1β were detected in colon tissue using ELISA. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the colonic mucosa were measured. The levels of IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the colon were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The expression of NF-κB, IκBα, and p-IκBα in the colon was measured by Western blot. RESULTS After treatment with HLD, the DAI scores, macroscopic lesion scores, and histological scores decreased, and the levels of inflammatory cytokines related to the NF-κB signaling pathway, such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β, as well as those of iNOS and COX-2, were reduced; at the same time, colonic pathological damage was alleviated, and the MPO and SOD activities decreased. Western blot confirmed that HLD can inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway in DSS-induced ulcerative colitis. CONCLUSION HLD can alleviate the inflammation caused by ulcerative colitis. In particular, high doses of HLD can significantly alleviate intestinal inflammation and have comparable efficacy to Mesalazine. We propose that the anti-inflammatory activity of HLD on DSS-induced colitis in mice may involve the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongqi He
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Ke Wen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Bensheng Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xueliang Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xiaopeng Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yugen Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210046, China
| |
Collapse
|