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Cao G, Hu S, Ning Y, Dou X, Ding C, Wang L, Wang Z, Sang X, Yang Q, Shi J, Hao M, Han X. Traditional Chinese medicine in osteoporosis: from pathogenesis to potential activity. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1370900. [PMID: 38628648 PMCID: PMC11019011 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1370900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis characterized by decreased bone density and mass, is a systemic bone disease with the destruction of microstructure and increase in fragility. Osteoporosis is attributed to multiple causes, including aging, inflammation, diabetes mellitus, and other factors induced by the adverse effects of medications. Without treatment, osteoporosis will further progress and bring great trouble to human life. Due to the various causes, the treatment of osteoporosis is mainly aimed at improving bone metabolism, inhibiting bone resorption, and promoting bone formation. Although the currently approved drugs can reduce the risk of fragility fractures in individuals, a single drug has limitations in terms of safety and effectiveness. By contrast, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), a characteristic discipline in China, including syndrome differentiation, Chinese medicine prescription, and active ingredients, shows unique advantages in the treatment of osteoporosis and has received attention all over the world. Therefore, this review summarized the pathogenic factors, pathogenesis, therapy limitations, and advantages of TCM, aiming at providing new ideas for the prevention and treatment of OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Cao
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - ShaoQi Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Ning
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Dou
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuan Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zeping Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianan Sang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiangnan Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Han
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Zhang D, Li J, Li X, Liu W, Yu Y, Sun H, Wu J, Ge Z, Lv K, Shao Y, Wang S, Ye X. Anti-osteoporosis activity of casticin in ovariectomized rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae064. [PMID: 38680951 PMCID: PMC11052697 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMPO) is the most familiar type of osteoporosis, a silent bone disease. Casticin, a natural flavonoid constituent, improves osteoporosis in animal model. Nevertheless, the potential mechanism remains to be further explored. Methods A model of PMPO was established in rats treated with ovariectomy (OVX) and RAW 264.7 cells induced with receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL). The effect and potential mechanism of casticin on PMPO were addressed by pathological staining, measurement of bone mineral density (BMD), three-point bending test, serum biochemical detection, filamentous-actin (F-actin) ring staining, TRAcP staining, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot and examination of oxidative stress indicators. Results The casticin treatment increased the femoral trabecular area, bone maturity, BMD, elastic modulus, maximum load, the level of calcium and estrogen with the reduced concentrations of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in OVX rats. An enhancement in the F-actin ring formation, TRAcP staining and the relative mRNA expression of NFATc1 and TRAP was observed in RANKL-induced RAW 264.7 cells, which was declined by the treatment of casticin. Moreover, the casticin treatment reversed the reduced the relative protein expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 and the concentrations of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and the increased content of malondialdehyde both in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion Casticin improved bone density, bone biomechanics, the level of calcium and estrogen, the release of pro-inflammatory factor and oxidative stress to alleviate osteoporosis, which was associated with the upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Jianmin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Xuejia Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Wanxin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Jiajun Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Zhichao Ge
- Department of Spine Surgery, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Kai Lv
- Department of Spine Surgery, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Yanting Shao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Shuqiang Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Xiaojian Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai 200437, China
- Department of Orthopedics, 2. Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1111 Xianxia Road, Changning District, Shanghai 200336, China
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Zhang B, Qu Z, Hui H, He B, Wang D, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Zhang J, Yan L. Exploring the therapeutic potential of isoorientin in the treatment of osteoporosis: a study using network pharmacology and experimental validation. Mol Med 2024; 30:27. [PMID: 38378457 PMCID: PMC10880252 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00799-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isoorientin (ISO) is a glycosylated flavonoid with antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. However, its effects on bone metabolism remain largely unknown. METHODS In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of ISO on receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast formation in vitro and bone loss in post-ovariectomy (OVX) rats, as well as to elucidate the underlying mechanism. First, network pharmacology analysis indicated that MAPK1 and AKT1 may be potential therapeutic targets of ISO and that ISO has potential regulatory effects on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathways, as well as oxidative stress. ISO was added to RAW264.7 cells stimulated by RANKL, and its effects on osteoclast differentiation were evaluated using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, TRAP activity measurement, and F-actin ring analysis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in osteoclasts was detected using a ROS assay kit. The effects of ISO on RANKL-triggered molecular cascade response were further investigated by Western blotting, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunofluorescence staining. In addition, the therapeutic effects of ISO were evaluated in vivo. RESULTS ISO inhibited osteoclastogenesis in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Mechanistically, ISO downregulated the expression of the main transcription factor for osteoclast differentiation by inhibiting MAPK and PI3K/AKT1 signaling pathways. Moreover, ISO exhibited protective effects in OVX-induced bone loss rats. This was consistent with the results derived from network pharmacology. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a potential therapeutic utility of ISO in the management of osteoclast-associated bone diseases, including osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Zechao Qu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Hua Hui
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Baorong He
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Yiwei Zhao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Jingjun Zhang
- Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Yan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China.
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The Role of Sympathetic Nerves in Osteoporosis: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2022; 11:biomedicines11010033. [PMID: 36672541 PMCID: PMC9855775 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, a systemic bone disease, is characterized by decreased bone density due to various reasons, destructed bone microstructure, and increased bone fragility. The incidence of osteoporosis is very high among the elderly, and patients with osteoporosis are prone to suffer from spine fractures and hip fractures, which cause great harm to patients. Meanwhile, osteoporosis is mainly treated with anti-osteoporosis drugs that have side effects. Therefore, the development of new treatment modalities has a significant clinical impact. Sympathetic nerves play an important role in various physiological activities and the regulation of osteoporosis as well. Therefore, the role of sympathetic nerves in osteoporosis was reviewed, aiming to provide information for future targeting of sympathetic nerves in osteoporosis.
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Zou X, Gao S, Li J, Li C, Wu C, Cao X, Xia S, Shao P, Bao X, Yang H, Liu P, Xu Y. A monoamine oxidase B inhibitor ethyl ferulate suppresses microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and alleviates ischemic brain injury. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1004215. [PMID: 36313349 PMCID: PMC9608666 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1004215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the resident macrophages in the brain, which play a critical role in post-stroke neuroinflammation. Accordingly, targeting neuroinflammation could be a promising strategy to improve ischemic stroke outcomes. Ethyl ferulate (EF) has been confirmed to possess anti-inflammatory properties in several disease models, including acute lung injury, retinal damage and diabetes-associated renal injury. However, the effects of EF on microglial activation and the resolution of post-stroke neuroinflammation remains unknown. Here, we found that EF suppressed pro-inflammatory response triggered by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in primary microglia and BV2 cell lines, as well as post-stroke neuroinflammation in an in vivo transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) stroke model in C57BL/6 mice, consequently ameliorating ischemic brain injury. Furthermore, EF could directly bind and inhibit the activity of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) to reduce pro-inflammatory response. Taken together, our study identified a MAO-B inhibitor, Ethyl ferulate, as an active compound with promising potentials for suppressing post-stroke neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zou
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shenghan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangnan Li
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenggang Li
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Cao
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shengnan Xia
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengfei Shao
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyu Bao
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pinyi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Pinyi Liu, ; Yun Xu,
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine for Brain Critical Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Discipline of Neurology, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Neurology Medical Center, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Pinyi Liu, ; Yun Xu,
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Wang B, Zhan Y, Yan L, Hao D. How zoledronic acid improves osteoporosis by acting on osteoclasts. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:961941. [PMID: 36091799 PMCID: PMC9452720 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.961941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is called a silent disease, because it is difficult to detect until comprehensive examinations for osteoporosis are performed or osteoporotic fractures occur. Zoledronic acid is currently the first-line anti-osteoporotic drug, with good efficacy and treatment compliance. A major advantage of zoledronic acid is that intravenous zoledronic acid often guarantees a therapeutic effect for up to 1 year after infusion. The reasons why zoledronic acid is effective in improving osteoporosis are that it can inhibit osteoclast differentiation and induce osteoclast apoptosis, thus suppressing bone resorption and increasing bone density. The story between zoledronic acid and osteoclasts has been written long time ago. Both the canonical receptor activator of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) pathway and the non-canonical Wnt pathway are the main pathways by which zoledronic acid inhibits osteoclast differentiation. Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and ferroptosis that was first proposed in 2012, are all considered to be closely associated with zoledronic acid-induced osteoclast apoptosis. Here, we provide a brief review of the recent progress on the study of zoledronic acid and osteoclasts, and hope to elaborate how zoledronic acid improves osteoporosis by acting on osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Wang
- Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yi Zhan
- Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- The Sceond Clinical Medical College of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Liang Yan
- Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Dingjun Hao, ; Liang Yan,
| | - Dingjun Hao
- Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Dingjun Hao, ; Liang Yan,
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