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Kim W, Kim AR, Ock M, Jeon YJ, Lee H, Kim D, Kim M, Yoo C. Effects of a supportive workplace environment on the success rate for smoking cessation camp. Ann Occup Environ Med 2023; 35:e48. [PMID: 38148920 PMCID: PMC10751216 DOI: 10.35371/aoem.2023.35.e48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study was conducted to identify the success rate for smoking cessation over time after participation in a therapeutic smoking cessation camp, and to identify how participant characteristics, including a supportive workplace environment for smoking cessation (SWESC), affect the success rate for smoking cessation. Methods In all, 296 participants at smoking cessation camps in Ulsan between 2015 and 2020 were investigated. The success rates of smoking cessation after weeks 4, 6, 12, and 24 at camp were investigated. The participants were grouped as workers with an SWESC, and workers without an SWESC, and variables (age, education, household income, marital status, drinking, exercise, body mass index, morbidity, job, number of counseling sessions, cigarettes smoked per day and smoking initiation age) were investigated. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted at each time point. In addition, Cox regression analysis was performed to evaluate the variables affecting the success rate for smoking cessation over time. Results The smoking cessation success rate of workers with an SWESC at week 24 (90.7%) was higher than that for workers without an SWESC (60.5%). Multiple logistic regression was performed to determine the relationship between each variable and the success rates for smoking cessation at week 6, 12, and 24. SWESC was confirmed as significant (p < 0.05) variables for increased success rate for smoking cessation at all 3 time points. After adjusting for all variables, the Cox proportional hazards survival analysis showed a hazard ratio of 6.17 for SWESC (p < 0.001,; 95% confidence interval: 3.08-12.38). Conclusions At a professional treatment smoking cessation camp, participants with an SWESC showed a significantly higher success rate for smoking cessation. Supportive workplace environment for workers' health is expected to be an important factor for smoking cessation projects as well as other health promotion projects at workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojin Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
- Ulsan Smoking Cessation Support Center, Korean Health Promotion Institute, Ulsan, Korea
| | - A Ram Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Minsu Ock
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Young-Jee Jeon
- Department of Family Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Heun Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Daehwan Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Gumi Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Gumi, Korea
| | - Minjun Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Cheolin Yoo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
- Ulsan Smoking Cessation Support Center, Korean Health Promotion Institute, Ulsan, Korea
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Cheng T, Zhang B, Guo J, Pikhart H. Association between work stress and health behaviours in Korean and Japanese ageing studies: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e063538. [PMID: 36008063 PMCID: PMC9422816 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Limited research has focused on the association between work stress and health behaviours in Asian countries. We aimed to explore the effect of work stress on two health behaviours among employees aged 45 years or above in two countries with ageing populations, Korea and Japan. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING This secondary data analysis was conducted on baseline data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA, 2006) and the Japanese Study of Aging and Retirement (JSTAR, 2007 and 2009). PARTICIPANTS Included in the analytical sample were 4982 responders without missing data aged 45 years or older who reported work positions and hours (KLoSA n=3478, JSTAR n=1504). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Work stress was represented by the short version of the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model. We used logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression to investigate the association between work stress and smoking (binary current smoking) and between work stress and drinking (categorical volume of alcohol). Socioeconomic and work-related characteristics were taken into consideration, and we examined the potential interaction between ERI and gender. RESULTS Work stress as measured by ERI ratio was significantly associated with both smoking and drinking in the KLoSA analysis; after the model was fully adjusted, ORs were 1.45 (95% CI 1.17 to 1.80) and 1.44 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.90), respectively. In analysis of the data from JSTAR, the ERI ratio was associated with smoking (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.89) but not with drinking. No statistically significant interaction was found between ERI and gender in any model (p=0.82 in KLoSA data and p=0.19 in JSTAR data). CONCLUSIONS Statistically significant associations were found between work stress and both smoking and drinking behaviours in Korea and between work stress and smoking in Japan. Government integration of effort-reward balance programmes and health promotion programmes could effectively promote population health in these two Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taozhu Cheng
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Neurology and ICCTR Biostatistics and Research Design Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hynek Pikhart
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
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The relationship between working hours and the intention to quit smoking in male office workers: data from the 7th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016-2017). Ann Occup Environ Med 2021; 33:e13. [PMID: 34754474 PMCID: PMC8203838 DOI: 10.35371/aoem.2021.33.e13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The intention to quit smoking is one of the most important factors in smoking cessation. Long working hours is also a constant issue, and many studies have shown an association between the working hours and diseases, including cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases. This study evaluated the relationship between working hours and the intention to quit smoking among Korean male office workers, and blue collar workers for comparison. Methods This study was based on the Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016–2017). A total of 1,389 male workers were smokers, and then office workers and blue collar workers were selected. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) for the intention to quit smoking according to smoking-related characteristics and working hours after adjusting for age group, body mass index (kg/m2), marital status, household income (quartile), educational level, drinking, exercise, smoking-related characteristics (smoking initiation age, smoking amount, and attempt to quit smoking more than 1day in the past year) and working hours. Results The percentage of workers who had the intention to quit smoking in 6 months was higher in office workers (38.9% for office workers and 29.4% for blue collars, p = 0.017). Blue collar workers had higher percentages of workers who worked more than 52 hours per week (19.8% for office workers and 38.9% for blue collar workers, p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that working > 52 hours per week was significantly associated with a lower intention to quit smoking within 6 months among male office workers (OR = 0.30, 95% confidence interval = 0.14–0.66). Conclusions Working more than 52 hours per week was positively related with a lower intention to quit smoking among currently smoking male office workers. Further studies are needed considering more work-related variables such as job stress and physical load.
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Khorrami Z, Zolala F, Haghdoost A, Sadatmoosavi A, Ben Taleb Z, Kondracki A, Ward KD, Shahbaz M, Ebrahimi Kalan M. Job-related stress and tobacco smoking: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE BEHAVIORAL HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15555240.2021.1960854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Khorrami
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Zolala
- Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - AliAkbar Haghdoost
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Sadatmoosavi
- Department of Medical Library & Information Sciences, Faculty of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ziyad Ben Taleb
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Anthony Kondracki
- Department of Biostatistics, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Kenneth D. Ward
- Division of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mohammad Shahbaz
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ebrahimi Kalan
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
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Shiri R, Halonen J, Serlachius A, Hutri-Kähönen N, Raitakari OT, Vahtera J, Viikari J, Lallukka T. Work participation and physicality of work in young adulthood and the development of unhealthy lifestyle habits and obesity later in life: a prospective cohort study. Occup Environ Med 2020; 78:oemed-2020-106526. [PMID: 33055175 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2020-106526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of early entry into the labour market and physicality of work in young adulthood on the development of obesity and unhealthy lifestyle habits later in life. METHODS This study is a part of the Young Finns Study. Entry into the labour market and physicality of work were measured at baseline, when participants were aged 18, 21, or 24 years in 1986 or 18 years in 1989. Follow-up of lifestyle habits were conducted in 2001, 2007 and 2011. The outcomes were obesity (n=5558 observations), abdominal obesity (n=4060 observations), daily smoking (n=5628) and leisure time physical activity (n=5946) and analysed with generalised estimating equation. RESULTS Compared with sedentary work, physicality of work in young adulthood increased the odds of future obesity (adjusted OR=1.32, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.74 for light/moderate work and OR=1.44, 95% CI 0.99 to 2.08 for heavy manual work (particularly in women OR=2.03, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.84)) and future smoking (OR=1.79, 95% CI 1.39 to 2.30 for light/moderate work and OR=2.01, 95% CI 1.47 to 2.76 for heavy manual work (particularly in women OR=2.81, 95% CI 1.60 to 4.91)). For those who entered the labour market at ages 18-21 or younger, the odds of smoking was 1.85 times (95% CI 1.26 to 2.73) and that of obesity 1.45 times (95% CI 1.01 to 2.10) higher, and the rate of leisure time physical activity was 0.73 times (95% CI 0.58 to 0.93) lower compared with those who entered the labour market at ages 22-24 years. CONCLUSION Early entry into the labour market and physicality of work in young adulthood shape the development of obesity and unhealthy behaviours in later adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahman Shiri
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Halonen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Serlachius
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jussi Vahtera
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tea Lallukka
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Dobson KG, Gilbert-Ouimet M, Mustard CA, Smith PM. Association between dimensions of the psychosocial and physical work environment and latent smoking trajectories: a 16-year cohort study of the Canadian workforce. Occup Environ Med 2018; 75:814-821. [PMID: 30269102 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2018-105138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine the number of latent smoking trajectories among Canadians employed in the workforce over a 16-year period, and if latent trajectories in dimensions of the physical and psychosocial work environment were associated with specific smoking trajectories. METHODS We studied 5461 employed adults from the longitudinal Canadian National Population Health Survey. Daily cigarette consumption was measured biannually from 1994 to 2010. Work environment factors (skill discretion, decision authority, psychological demands, job insecurity, physical exertion and workplace social support) were measured in 1994 and then from 2000 to 2010 using an abbreviated form of the Job Content Questionnaire. Smoking and work environment trajectories were derived using group-based trajectory modelling. Associations between work environment trajectory classes and smoking trajectory classes were estimated using multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS Four latent smoking trajectories were seen: non-smokers; ceasing smokers (consuming ~14 cigarettes/day in 1994 and 0 in 2008-2010); smokers (consuming ~7 cigarettes/day between 1994 and 2010); and heavy smokers (consuming ~22 cigarettes/day in 1994 and ~14 in 2010). Lower skill discretion, high psychological demands, high physical exertion and low social support trajectories were associated with membership in the heavy smoking trajectory compared with the non-smoking trajectory. Low decision authority, high psychological demands and high physical exertion trajectories were associated with membership in the ceasing compared with the non-smoking trajectory. CONCLUSIONS Certain physical and psychosocial work environment trajectories were associated with heavy and ceasing smoking behaviours over a 16-year period. The role of the work environment should be further considered in smoking cessation programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen G Dobson
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mahée Gilbert-Ouimet
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cameron A Mustard
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter M Smith
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Hou LS, Du XD, Li JJ, Zhu P, Yan PJ, Zhan FY, Zhou MK, Zhu CR. Long-term trends and predictors of smoking behaviors among men following first-ever ischemic stroke. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 37:446-452. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-017-1755-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gupta N, Christiansen CS, Hanisch C, Bay H, Burr H, Holtermann A. Is questionnaire-based sitting time inaccurate and can it be improved? A cross-sectional investigation using accelerometer-based sitting time. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e013251. [PMID: 28093433 PMCID: PMC5253534 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the differences between a questionnaire-based and accelerometer-based sitting time, and develop a model for improving the accuracy of questionnaire-based sitting time for predicting accelerometer-based sitting time. METHODS 183 workers in a cross-sectional study reported sitting time per day using a single question during the measurement period, and wore 2 Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometers on the thigh and trunk for 1-4 working days to determine their actual sitting time per day using the validated Acti4 software. Least squares regression models were fitted with questionnaire-based siting time and other self-reported predictors to predict accelerometer-based sitting time. RESULTS Questionnaire-based and accelerometer-based average sitting times were ≈272 and ≈476 min/day, respectively. A low Pearson correlation (r=0.32), high mean bias (204.1 min) and wide limits of agreement (549.8 to -139.7 min) between questionnaire-based and accelerometer-based sitting time were found. The prediction model based on questionnaire-based sitting explained 10% of the variance in accelerometer-based sitting time. Inclusion of 9 self-reported predictors in the model increased the explained variance to 41%, with 10% optimism using a resampling bootstrap validation. Based on a split validation analysis, the developed prediction model on ≈75% of the workers (n=132) reduced the mean and the SD of the difference between questionnaire-based and accelerometer-based sitting time by 64% and 42%, respectively, in the remaining 25% of the workers. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that questionnaire-based sitting time has low validity and that a prediction model can be one solution to materially improve the precision of questionnaire-based sitting time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Gupta
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Christiana Hanisch
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Nöldnerstr, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Bay
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hermann Burr
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Nöldnerstr, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Jørgensen MB, Villadsen E, Burr H, Punnett L, Holtermann A. Does employee participation in workplace health promotion depend on the working environment? A cross-sectional study of Danish workers. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e010516. [PMID: 27279474 PMCID: PMC4908961 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate if participation in workplace health promotion (WHP) depends on the work environment. METHODS Questionnaire data on participation in WHP activities (smoking cessation, healthy diet, exercise facilities, weekly exercise classes, contact with health professionals, health screenings) and the work environment (social support, fatiguing work, physical, quantitative and emotional demands, job control and WHP availability setting) were collected cross-sectionally in 2010 in a representative sample (n=10 605) of Danish workers. Binary regression analyses of the association between work environment characteristics and participation in WHP were conducted and adjusted for age, gender and industry. RESULTS WHP offered during leisure time was associated with lower participation in all measured activities compared with when offered during working hours. Low social support and fatiguing work were associated with low participation in WHP. No associations with participation in WHPs were observed for physical work or quantitative demands, work pace or job strain. However, high physical demands/low job control and high emotional demands/low job control were associated with low participation. CONCLUSIONS Lower participation in WHP was associated with programmes during leisure, low social support, very fatiguing work and high physical or emotional demands with low job control. This suggests that to obtain proper effect of health promotion in a workplace setting, a good work environment is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ebbe Villadsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hermann Burr
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA), Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Punnett
- Department of Work Environment, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Jarman L, Martin A, Venn A, Otahal P, Sanderson K. Does workplace health promotion contribute to job stress reduction? Three-year findings from Partnering Healthy@Work. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:1293. [PMID: 26703459 PMCID: PMC4690240 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2625-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace health promotion (WHP) has been proposed as a preventive intervention for job stress, possibly operating by promoting positive organizational culture or via programs promoting healthy lifestyles. The aim of this study was to investigate whether job stress changed over time in association with the availability of, and/or participation in a comprehensive WHP program (Healthy@Work). METHOD This observational study was conducted in a diverse public sector organization (~28,000 employees). Using a repeated cross-sectional design with models corroborated using a cohort of repeat responders, self-report survey data were collected via a 40 % employee population random sample in 2010 (N = 3406) and 2013 (N = 3228). Outcomes assessed were effort and reward (self-esteem) components of the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) measure of job stress. Exposures were availability of, and participation in, comprehensive WHP. Linear mixed models and Poisson regression were used, with analyses stratified by sex and weighted for non-response. RESULTS Higher WHP availability was positively associated with higher perceived self-esteem among women. Women's mean reward scores increased over time but were not statistically different (p > 0.05) after 3 years. For men, higher WHP participation was associated with lower perceived effort. Men's mean ERI increased over time. Results were supported in the cohort group. CONCLUSIONS For women, comprehensive WHP availability contributed to a sense of organizational support, potentially impacting the esteem component of reward. Men with higher WHP participation also benefitted but gains were modest over time and may have been hindered by other work environment factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Jarman
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, 7000, TAS, Australia
| | - Angela Martin
- Tasmanian School of Business and Economics, University of Tasmania, Hobart, 7000, TAS, Australia
| | - Alison Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, 7000, TAS, Australia
| | - Petr Otahal
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, 7000, TAS, Australia
| | - Kristy Sanderson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 23, Hobart, 7000, TAS, Australia.
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11
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Kim YJ. Impact of Work Environments and Occupational Hazards on Smoking Intensity in Korean Workers. Workplace Health Saf 2015; 64:103-13. [PMID: 26681605 DOI: 10.1177/2165079915616397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of work environments and occupational hazards on smoking intensity by occupation type in Korean workers. This study used the data from the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2009. The sample of this study included 3,769 adults who were aged 18 years or older and had an occupation of office work, sales, or manufacturing. After controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, the generalized linear models revealed that office workers and the sales force who had smoking co-workers at the workplace were more likely to smoke than those who did not. A dirty workplace and exposure to occupational noise were significant factors increasing the smoking intensity for manufacturers. A smoking cessation program considering physical work environments and co-workers' support should be developed for Korean workers.
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12
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Rowe DJ, Dunn JR, Muntaner C. The impact of job strain on smoking cessation and relapse in the Canadian population: a cohort study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2015; 69:931-6. [PMID: 25903755 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2014-205227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of job strain, as measured by the Karasek demand/control model (DCM), on smoking cessation and relapse in a representative general population sample. METHODS A secondary analysis of data from the Canadian National Population Health Survey (NPHS) was undertaken. Daily smokers and former daily smokers (n=1287 and 1184, respectively) at cycle 1 (1994/1995) of the NPHS were followed up at cycle 2 (1996/1997). Measures of job strain (the independent variables) were based on data from cycle 1, predicting smoking status at cycle 2. Logistic regression analysis was employed in two ways. Individuals were stratified into job strain quartiles while continuous measures were also employed in separate analyses for job strain and its component dimensions. RESULTS In the quartile analysis, no effect of job strain was observed on the likelihood of cessation, while a non-linear effect was observed on the likelihood of relapse, although this relationship lost significance (p>0.05 and <0.10) after controlling for personal characteristics. No effect was observed using the continuous measure of job strain or the continuous measure of job demand on either cessation or relapse. For job control, no effect was observed on the likelihood of cessation, but increased control was found to decrease the likelihood of relapse in the unadjusted model only. CONCLUSIONS Psychosocial work environments may be too diverse for uniform trends in the relationship between job stress and smoking behaviour to emerge in a population sample. Future research should avoid use of the scaled-down DCM instrument where possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Rowe
- Department of Geography and Program and Planning, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department of Health, Aging, and Society, McMaster University, West Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - James R Dunn
- Department of Health, Aging, and Society, McMaster University, West Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carles Muntaner
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, Dalla Lana School of Public Health and School of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Quist HG, Christensen U, Carneiro IG, Hansen JV, Bjorner JB. Do colleagues influence our lifestyle: the matter of smoking, body mass index and leisure-time physical activity? Prev Med 2014; 67:166-70. [PMID: 25073076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous research has indicated that health behaviours tend to cluster in social networks, but few have studied the cluster effect in workgroups. We examined the effect of workgroups on current state and change in three indicators of health behaviours (smoking, body mass index (BMI) and physical activity). Further, we examined whether health behaviours of the respondents at group level predicted lifestyle changes. METHODS In a prospective cohort (n=4730), employees from 250 workgroups in the Danish eldercare sector answered questionnaires at baseline (2005) and follow-up (2006). Multilevel regression models were used to examine the effect of workgroups. RESULTS Workgroups accounted for 6.49% of the variation in smoking status, 6.56% of amount smoked and 2.62% of the variation in current BMI. We found no significant workgroup clustering in physical activity or lifestyle changes. Furthermore, changes in smoking status (cessation) and weight gain were seen in workgroups with high percentage of smokers and high levels of BMI. CONCLUSION We found modest evidence for clustering of some health behaviours within workgroups, which could be due to social learning or selection into and out of workgroups. Future health promotion programmes at worksites should recognize the potential clustering of lifestyle behaviours within workgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helle Gram Quist
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), Lersoe Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ulla Christensen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, Oester Farimagsgade 5, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Isabella Gomes Carneiro
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), Lersoe Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Danish Working Environment Authority, Postboks 1228, 0900 Copenhagen C, Denmark.
| | - Jørgen Vinsløv Hansen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), Lersoe Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jakob Bue Bjorner
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), Lersoe Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, Oester Farimagsgade 5, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark; QualityMetric/OptumInsight, 24 Albion Road, Lincoln, RI 02865, USA.
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Dutra LM, Kim SS, Williams DR, Kawachi I, Okechukwu CA. Worksite safety climate, smoking, and the use of protective equipment by blue-collar building workers enrolled in the MassBUILT smoking cessation trial. J Occup Environ Med 2014; 56:1082-7. [PMID: 25285831 PMCID: PMC4187209 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess potential contributors to high injury rates and smoking prevalence among construction workers, we investigated the association of safety climate with personal protective equipment use, and smoking behaviors. METHODS Logistic regression models estimated risk ratios for personal protective equipment use and smoking using data from participants in MassBUILT smoking cessation intervention (n = 1725). RESULTS Contractor safety climate was negatively associated with the use of dust masks (rate ratio [RR], 0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83 to 0.94), respirators (RR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.75 to 0.89), general equipment (RR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.95 to 1.00), and fall protection (RR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.91 to 0.98) and positively associated with current smoking (RR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.25) but not smoking cessation. Coworker safety climate was negatively associated with the use of dust masks (RR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.82 to 0.92), respirators (RR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.87), general equipment (RR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.94 to 0.98), fall (RR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.89 to 0.96), and hearing protection (RR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.83 to 0.93) but not smoking. CONCLUSIONS Worksite safety climate may be important for personal protective equipment use and smoking, but further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Dutra
- University of California San Francisco, Center for Tobacco Research and
Education, 530 Parnassus Avenue, Suite 366, San Francisco, CA 94143-1390 USA
| | - Seung-Sup Kim
- Korea University, Department of Epidemiology, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu,
Seoul, 136-701 Korea
| | - David R Williams
- Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Social and Behavioral
Sciences, 677 Huntington Avenue; Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Social and Behavioral
Sciences, 677 Huntington Avenue; Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Cassandra A Okechukwu
- Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Social and Behavioral
Sciences, 677 Huntington Avenue; Boston, MA 02115 USA
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15
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Yong LC, Luckhaupt SE, Li J, Calvert GM. Quit interest, quit attempt and recent cigarette smoking cessation in the US working population, 2010. Occup Environ Med 2014; 71:405-14. [PMID: 24497440 PMCID: PMC4528304 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2013-101852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of cigarette smoking cessation and examine the association between cessation and various factors among workers in a nationally representative sample of US adults. METHODS Data were derived from the 2010 National Health Interview Survey. Prevalence rates were calculated for interest in quitting smoking, making an attempt to quit smoking, and successful smoking cessation (defined as smokers who had quit for 6-12 months). Logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with cessation after adjustment for demographic characteristics (age group, race/ethnicity, educational level and marital status). RESULTS Data were available for 17 524 adults who were employed in the 12 months prior to interview. The prevalence of quit interest, quit attempt and recent cessation was 65.2%, 53.8% and 6.8%, respectively. Quit interest was less likely among workers with long work hours, but more likely among workers with job insecurity, or frequent workplace skin and/or respiratory exposures. Quit attempt was more likely among workers with a hostile work environment but less likely among workers living in a home that permitted smoking or who smoked ≥11 cigarettes/day. Recent smoking cessation was less likely among workers with frequent exposure to others smoking at work or living in a home that permitted smoking, but more likely among workers with health insurance. CONCLUSIONS Factors associated with cessation interest or attempt differed from those associated with successful cessation. Cessation success might be improved by reducing exposure to others smoking at work and home, and by improving access to health insurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee C Yong
- Surveillance Branch, Division of Surveillance Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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16
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Angrave D, Charlwood A, Wooden M. Working time and cigarette smoking: evidence from Australia and the United Kingdom. Soc Sci Med 2014; 112:72-9. [PMID: 24814228 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a risk factor in a range of serious diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, stroke and type II diabetes. Theory suggests that working long hours will increase smoking propensities among workers. Consequently there is a significant body of evidence on the relationship between working time and smoking. Results, however, are inconsistent and therefore inconclusive. This paper provides new evidence on how working time affects smoking behaviour using nationally representative panel data from Australia (from 2002 to 2011) and the United Kingdom (from 1992 to 2011). We exploit the panel design of the surveys to look at within-person changes in smoking behaviour over time as working time changes. In contrast to most previous studies, this means we control for time invariant aspects of personality and genetic inheritance that may affect both smoking propensities and choice of working hours. We find that working long hours tends to increase the chances that former smokers will relapse, reduce the chances that smokers will quit and increase cigarette consumption among regular smokers, and that these effects tend to become more pronounced for workers who usually work very long hours (50 or more hours a week) compared to those who work moderately long hours (40-49 h a week).
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Affiliation(s)
- David Angrave
- The York Management School, University of York, York YO10 5DG, United Kingdom.
| | - Andy Charlwood
- School of Business and Economics, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom.
| | - Mark Wooden
- Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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17
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Okechukwu CA, Dutra LM, Bacic J, El Ayadi A, Emmons KM. Home matters: work and household predictors of smoking and cessation among blue-collar workers. Prev Med 2013; 56:130-4. [PMID: 23262360 PMCID: PMC3552033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the joint influence of work- and household-related variables on smoking behavior among a population representative sample of blue-collar workers with live-in partners. METHODS The study used data on 1389 blue-collar workers from the Tobacco Use Supplement to the United States Current Population Survey 2002 to 2003 longitudinal overlap sample. Unadjusted and adjusted logistical regression analyses, which employed sampling and replicate weights to account for sampling design, were run to estimate independent and joint effects of the predictors. RESULTS In adjusted analyses, partner smoking (OR=4.97, 95%CI=3.02-8.18) and complete and partial home smoking policy (OR=0.16, 95%CI=0.09-0.29 and OR=0.39, 95%CI=0.23-0.68, respectively) were significant predictors of smoking status, but worksite smoking policies and presence of a young child under 5 in the household were not (p>0.05). Baseline complete home smoking ban was a significant predictor of subsequent cessation (OR=3.49, 95%CI=1.19-10.23), while partner smoking status, workplace smoking policy, and the presence of a young child in the home did not predict cessation (p>0.05). CONCLUSION Household-related variables were significant predictors of smoking status and cessation among blue-collar workers. Current efforts to decrease smoking in this group, which are mostly focused on work-related risk factors, should consider how to incorporate household risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Okechukwu
- Harvard University School of Public Health, Department of Society, Human Development and Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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18
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Gram Quist H, Christensen U, Christensen KB, Aust B, Borg V, Bjorner JB. Psychosocial work environment factors and weight change: a prospective study among Danish health care workers. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:43. [PMID: 23327287 PMCID: PMC3599242 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lifestyle variables may serve as important intermediate factors between psychosocial work environment and health outcomes. Previous studies, focussing on work stress models have shown mixed and weak results in relation to weight change. This study aims to investigate psychosocial factors outside the classical work stress models as potential predictors of change in body mass index (BMI) in a population of health care workers. Methods A cohort study, with three years follow-up, was conducted among Danish health care workers (3982 women and 152 men). Logistic regression analyses examined change in BMI (more than +/− 2 kg/m2) as predicted by baseline psychosocial work factors (work pace, workload, quality of leadership, influence at work, meaning of work, predictability, commitment, role clarity, and role conflicts) and five covariates (age, cohabitation, physical work demands, type of work position and seniority). Results Among women, high role conflicts predicted weight gain, while high role clarity predicted both weight gain and weight loss. Living alone also predicted weight gain among women, while older age decreased the odds of weight gain. High leadership quality predicted weight loss among men. Associations were generally weak, with the exception of quality of leadership, age, and cohabitation. Conclusion This study of a single occupational group suggested a few new risk factors for weight change outside the traditional work stress models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helle Gram Quist
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersoe Parkalle 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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19
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Chin DL, Hong O, Gillen M, Bates MN, Okechukwu CA. Occupational Factors and Smoking Cessation Among Unionized Building Trades Workers. Workplace Health Saf 2012. [DOI: 10.3928/21650799-20120926-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Chin DL, Hong O, Gillen M, Bates MN, Okechukwu CA. Occupational Factors and Smoking Cessation among Unionized Building Trades Workers. Workplace Health Saf 2012; 60:445-52. [DOI: 10.1177/216507991206001006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to estimate the contribution of occupational factors to smoking cessation among building trades workers. Longitudinal data came from the MassBUILT smoking cessation intervention study for unionized building trades workers. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were applied to identify the significant predictors of smoking cessation, which was defined as abstinence from smoking during the previous 7 days at the 1-month monitoring and prolonged abstinence for at least 6 months at the 6-month monitoring. Greater concern about exposure to occupational hazards was significantly associated with increased likelihood of smoking cessation at 1 month (odds ratio = 1.06; 95% confidence interval = 1.01–1.11). Additionally, smokers who had a more positive view of their unions had at least marginally increased likelihood of smoking cessation at 1 month. Furthermore, older age, higher levels of educational attainment and household income, and fewer cigarettes smoked per day were important covariates that predicted smoking cessation. Concerns about exposures to work hazards should be incorporated into comprehensive intervention approaches for building trades workers. Additionally, the findings emphasize that blue-collar workers with lower income and education levels and heavy smokers should be considered target groups for implementing cessation interventions.
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21
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Rugulies R, Aust B, Madsen IEH, Burr H, Siegrist J, Bültmann U. Adverse psychosocial working conditions and risk of severe depressive symptoms. Do effects differ by occupational grade? Eur J Public Health 2012; 23:415-20. [PMID: 22683769 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cks071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a major concern for public health. Both adverse working conditions and low socio-economic position are suspected to increase risk of depression. In a representative sample of the Danish workforce we investigated (i) whether adverse psychosocial working conditions, defined by the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model, predicted onset of severe depressive symptoms after 5-year follow-up and (ii) whether the effect of ERI was differential across occupational grades. METHODS A cohort of 2701 Danish employees filled in a questionnaire on work and health in 2000 and 2005. ERI was measured with four effort and seven reward items. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the five-item Mental Health Inventory. Participants scoring ≤ 52 points were defined as cases. We used logistic regression to investigate the association of ERI and occupational grade in 2000 with onset of severe depressive symptoms in 2005. Analyses were adjusted for socio-demographics, health behaviours, survey method, self-rated health, sleep disturbances and non-severe depressive symptoms at baseline. RESULTS High ERI predicted onset of severe depressive symptoms at follow-up, after adjustment for co-variates and occupational grade (OR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.12-4.25). Participants with high ERI and low occupational grade showed a considerably higher OR (2.43, 95% CI = 1.07-5.53) compared to participants with low/medium ERI and low grade (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 0.72-2.92), high ERI and high grade (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 0.59-2.70) and low/medium ERI and high grade (reference group). CONCLUSION Adverse psychosocial working conditions predicted onset of severe depressive symptoms. The effect was stronger among employees of lower occupational grades compared to those of higher grades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiner Rugulies
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Yasin SM, Retneswari M, Moy FM, Darus A, Koh D. Job stressors and smoking cessation among Malaysian male employees. Occup Med (Lond) 2012; 62:174-81. [PMID: 22362839 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqs005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Job stressors may reduce the likelihood of quitting smoking. AIMS To assess the association between job strain, smoking behaviour and smoking cessation among Malaysian male employees involved in a smoking cessation programme. METHODS The study was conducted among employees in two major public universities in Malaysia. All staff from both universities received an invitation to participate in this study. At the start of treatment, participants completed a questionnaire on sociodemographic variables, smoking habits and the Malay version of the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). The JCQ consists of scales of job control, job demand, supervisor support, co-worker support, job insecurity, job decision latitude and job skill discretion. Behaviour therapy with free nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) was given as treatment for two months. Participants were contacted at 1 week, 3 months and 6 months to determine their smoking status. RESULTS One hundred and eighty five staff from both universities responded and voluntarily showed interest in quitting. At three months (OR = 8.96; 95% CI: 1.14-70.76) and six months (OR = 8.9; 95% CI: 1.15-68.65), men with higher co-workers' support demonstrated a higher likelihood of quitting. Smokers in a 'passive job' also demonstrated higher likelihood of quitting compared with those working in the 'low strain' category at six months (OR = 9.92; 95% CI: 1.20-82.68). No meaningful associations were found between other psychosocial job variables and smoking cessation. CONCLUSIONS A positive relationship with and support from co-workers are important factors for workplace smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Yasin
- Population Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Technology MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
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23
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Larsen AD, Hannerz H, Obel C, Thulstrup AM, Bonde JP, Hougaard KS. Testing the association between psychosocial job strain and adverse birth outcomes--design and methods. BMC Public Health 2011; 11:255. [PMID: 21510894 PMCID: PMC3111377 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A number of studies have examined the effects of prenatal exposure to stress on birth outcomes but few have specifically focused on psychosocial job strain. In the present protocol, we aim to examine if work characterised by high demands and low control, during pregnancy, is associated with the risk of giving birth to a child born preterm or small for gestational age. Methods and design We will use the Danish National Birth Cohort where 100.000 children are included at baseline. In the present study 49,340 pregnancies will be included. Multinomial logistic regression will be applied to estimate odds ratios for the outcomes: preterm; full term but small for gestational age; full term but large for gestational age, as a function of job-strain (high strain, active and passive versus low strain). In the analysis we control for maternal age, Body Mass Index, parity, exercise, smoking, alcohol use, coffee consumption, type of work (manual versus non-manual), maternal serious disease and parents' heights as well as gestational age at interview. Discussion The prospective nature of the design and the high number of participants strengthen the study. The large statistical power allows for interpretable results regardless of whether or not the hypotheses are confirmed. This is, however, not a controlled study since all kinds of 'natural' interventions takes place throughout pregnancy (e.g. work absence, medical treatment and job-redesign). The analysis will be performed from a public health perspective. From this perspective, we are not primarily interested in the effect of job strain per se but if there is residual effect of job strain after naturally occurring preventive measures have been taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann D Larsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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24
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Okechukwu CA, Krieger N, Sorensen G, Li Y, Barbeau EM. Testing hypothesized psychosocial mediators: lessons learned in the MassBUILT study. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2011; 38:404-11. [PMID: 21474634 DOI: 10.1177/1090198110380544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Only a few of the interventions that target blue-collar workers have conducted formal analysis to evaluate the specific attributes of their intervention that are associated with success or failure. This study examined the role of dual hazard and decisional balance in the MassBUILT smoking cessation intervention. The authors conducted sets of multivariable linear and logistic regressions that examined if (a) the intervention was associated with changes in the psychosocial variables and (b) increase in psychosocial variables was associated with increase in smoking cessation. As hypothesized by the theoretical basis of the study, higher scores on both of the psychosocial variables were significantly associated with smoking cessation. However, the intervention did not change decisional balance and decreased dual hazard. The variables examined were important but were not mediators of the MassBUILT intervention and this could have contributed to the significant relapse in smoking among study participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra A Okechukwu
- Department of Society, Human Development, and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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25
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Okechukwu CA, Nguyen K, Hickman NJ. Partner smoking characteristics: Associations with smoking and quitting among blue-collar apprentices. Am J Ind Med 2010; 53:1102-8. [PMID: 20721966 PMCID: PMC3308601 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.20890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies suggest that the social context of blue-collar workers contribute to their low smoking cessation rates. However, little is known on the effect of partner smoking and requests to quit on workers' cessation attempts. METHODS Using data from a longitudinal smoking cessation intervention, multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to investigate the association of partner smoking characteristics with cessation among blue-collar apprentices. RESULTS Smokers were more likely to have partners who smoke (OR 13.06; 95% CI 8.52-20.01). Partner's request to quit was associated with higher odds of smoking cessation at 1 month (OR 3.74; 95% CI 2.49-5.63) and 6 months (OR 1.90; 95% CI 1.06-3.41) post-intervention. Having a partner who smoked was associated with lower odds of smoking cessation at 1 month (OR 0.41; 95% CI 0.27-0.62), but not 6 months post-intervention. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that smoking cessation interventions that include partner support might improve cessation among blue-collar smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra A Okechukwu
- Department of Society, Human Development and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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26
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Punnett L, Cherniack M, Henning R, Morse T, Faghri P. A conceptual framework for integrating workplace health promotion and occupational ergonomics programs. Public Health Rep 2009; 124 Suppl 1:16-25. [PMID: 19618803 DOI: 10.1177/00333549091244s103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and mental health are all associated with the physical and psychosocial conditions of work, as well as with individual health behaviors. An integrated approach to workplace health-promotion programs should include attention to the work environment, especially in light of recent findings that work organization influences so-called lifestyle or health behaviors. Macroergonomics provides a framework to improve both physical and organizational features of work and, in the process, to empower individual workers. The Center for the Promotion of Health in the New England Workplace (CPH-NEW) is a research-to-practice effort examining the effectiveness of worksite programs that combine occupational safety and health--especially ergonomics--with health promotion, emphasizing the contribution of work organization to both. Two intervention studies are underway in three different sectors: health care, corrections, and manufacturing. Each study features participatory structures to facilitate employee input into health goal-setting, program design and development, and evaluation, with the goal of enhanced effectiveness and longer-term sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Punnett
- Center for the Promotion of Health in the New England Workplace, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Avenue, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
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Sorensen G, Quintiliani L, Pereira L, Yang M, Stoddard A. Work experiences and tobacco use: findings from the gear up for health study. J Occup Environ Med 2009; 51:87-94. [PMID: 19136877 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0b013e31818f69f8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationships between the work environment and amount smoked, intention to quit, and participation in a health promotion intervention. METHODS Cross-sectional data were collected from unionized truck drivers and dockworkers (N = 542; response rate = 78%) employed in eight trucking terminals as part of a larger intervention study targeting tobacco use cessation and weight management. RESULTS Prevalence of tobacco use was 40% (n = 216). Multivariable analyses of amount smoked and coworker norms encouraging cessation found significant associations with intention to quit and negative social consequences of tobacco use. Program participation was significantly associated with concern about job exposures, working the day shift, and intention to quit. CONCLUSIONS Work experiences represented in the social contextual model may help explain how the work environment affects tobacco-use behaviors and interest in quitting, and maybe guide interventions among blue-collar workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glorian Sorensen
- Center for Community-Based Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Mass, USA.
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28
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Albertsen K, Borg V, Oldenburg B. A systematic review of the impact of work environment on smoking cessation, relapse and amount smoked. Prev Med 2006; 43:291-305. [PMID: 16787657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2005] [Revised: 04/27/2006] [Accepted: 05/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is an important issue for the majority of the world's working population. It is important to explore in which ways the workplace might contribute to changes in smoking status and smoking behavior. The present article provides a systematic review and quality assessment of studies that have addressed the impact of factors in the work environment on smoking behavior. METHODS An evaluation of the methodological quality of 22 prospective studies was based on 14 explicit criteria, which included features of study design, statistical analysis, sampling issues and measurement. The level of scientific evidence was evaluated for each study. RESULTS There was strong evidence for an effect of the work environment on the amount smoked, but insufficient or mixed evidence regarding cessation and relapse. Summarizing the results, high job demands were associated with higher amount smoked and with increased likelihood of cessation. Resources at work and social support were positively associated with cessation and negatively associated with relapse and the amount smoked. CONCLUSIONS The results supported the overall hypothesis that the work environment influences aspects of smoking behavior. Recommendations are made for more intervention studies where changes in work environment are carried out in combination with health promotion interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Albertsen
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Rugulies R, Bültmann U, Aust B, Burr H. Psychosocial work environment and incidence of severe depressive symptoms: prospective findings from a 5-year follow-up of the Danish work environment cohort study. Am J Epidemiol 2006; 163:877-87. [PMID: 16571741 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwj119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors analyzed the impact of psychosocial work characteristics on the incidence of severe depressive symptoms among 4,133 (49% women) employees from a representative sample of the Danish workforce between 1995 and 2000. Psychosocial work characteristics at baseline included quantitative demands, influence at work, possibilities for development, social support from supervisors and coworkers, and job insecurity. Severe depressive symptoms were measured with the five-item Mental Health Inventory of the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey, with a cutoff point of 52. Women with low influence at work (relative risk (RR) = 2.17, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.23, 3.82) and low supervisor support (RR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.20, 3.43) were at increased risk for severe depressive symptoms after exclusion of cases at baseline and adjustment for sociodemographic factors, baseline depression score, and health behaviors. Further adjustments for socioeconomic position did not change the result substantially. Additional analyses showed that a one-standard deviation increase on the influence scale resulted in a 27% decreased risk of severe depressive symptoms. Among men, job insecurity predicted severe depressive symptoms (RR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.02, 4.07). The findings indicate that the work environment influences the risk of developing severe depressive symptoms and that different factors play a role for men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiner Rugulies
- National Institute of Occupational Health, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Eriksen W. Work factors and smoking cessation in nurses' aides: a prospective cohort study. BMC Public Health 2005; 5:142. [PMID: 16379672 PMCID: PMC1361805 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-5-142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2005] [Accepted: 12/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of smoking in nursing personnel remains high. The aim of this study was to identify work factors that predict smoking cessation among nurses' aides. METHODS Of 2720 randomly selected, Norwegian nurses' aides, who were smoking at least one cigarette per day when they completed a questionnaire in 1999, 2275 (83.6 %) completed a second questionnaire 15 months later. A wide spectrum of work factors were assessed at baseline. Respondents who reported smoking 0 cigarettes per day at follow-up were considered having stopped smoking. The odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals of stopping smoking were derived from logistic regression models. RESULTS Compared with working 1-9 hours per week, working 19-36 hours per week (odds ratio (OR) = 0.35; 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 0.13 - 0.91), and working more than 36 hours per week (i.e. more than full-time job) (OR = 0.27; CI = 0.09 - 0.78) were associated with reduced odds of smoking cessation, after adjustments for daily consumption of cigarettes at baseline, age, gender, marital status, and having preschool children. Adjusting also for chronic health problems gave similar results. CONCLUSION There seems to be a negative association between hours of work per week and the odds of smoking cessation in nurses' aides. It is important that health institutions offer workplace-based services with documented effects on nicotine dependence, such as smoking cessation courses, so that healthcare workers who want to stop smoking, especially those with long working hours, do not have to travel to the programme or to dedicate their leisure time to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willy Eriksen
- Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
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Sanderson DM, Ekholm O, Hundrup YA, Rasmussen NK. Influence of lifestyle, health, and work environment on smoking cessation among Danish nurses followed over 6 years. Prev Med 2005; 41:757-60. [PMID: 16081152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2005.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2004] [Revised: 06/13/2005] [Accepted: 06/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of lifestyle, health, and work environment on smoking cessation among Danish nurses age 45-66 years over a 6-year period from 1993-1999. METHODS Data derive from the Danish Nurse Cohort Study; a prospective cohort established in 1993 when all Danish female nurses 45+ years old and members of the Danish Nurses Association were mailed a questionnaire. The cohort was followed up 6 years later in 1999. In total, 12,980 responded to questions concerning smoking status in both the 1993 and 1999 surveys. This study deals with the 4713 women (36%) who reported smoking at baseline. Smoking cessation was based on self-report. RESULTS At follow-up in 1999, 24% reported that they no longer smoked. Low prior tobacco consumption at baseline, high fresh fruit consumption, high blood pressure, working day shifts, having low physical job strain, perceiving influence on one's own work, and partner's socio-economic status (as measured by most recent occupation) were associated with successful smoking cessation. CONCLUSION The findings from this study highlight the importance of various factors, including lifestyle, health status, and aspects of one's work environment, on successful efforts at smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise M Sanderson
- National Institute of Public Health, Øster Farimagsgade 5, DK-1399 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Albertsen K, Hannerz H, Borg V, Burr H. The effect of work environment and heavy smoking on the social inequalities in smoking cessation. Public Health 2003; 117:383-8. [PMID: 14522152 DOI: 10.1016/s0033-3506(03)00103-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate social differences with regard to smoking cessation in Denmark. METHODS Social differences in smoking cessation were estimated from 3606 smokers from the Danish National Work Environment Cohort Study in 1990, 1995 and 2000. The differences were investigated using heavy smoking and four work environment factors as explanatory variables. RESULTS The odds ratio for cessation was more than twice as high in social class I compared with social class V. When heavy smoking was controlled, this explained 28% of social differences, the work-environment factors alone explained 36% of social differences, and together the factors explained 55% of social differences. CONCLUSIONS A large proportion of the social differences in smoking cessation could be explained by differences in work-environment exposures and smoking intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Albertsen
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Lersø Parkallé 105, Copenhagen DK-2100, Denmark.
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