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Solmi M, Miola A, Capone F, Pallottino S, Højlund M, Firth J, Siskind D, Holt RIG, Corbeil O, Cortese S, Dragioti E, Du Rietz E, Nielsen RE, Nordentoft M, Fusar-Poli P, Hartman CA, Høye A, Koyanagi A, Larsson H, Lehto K, Lindgren P, Manchia M, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Stubbs B, Vancampfort D, Vieta E, Taipale H, Correll CU. Risk factors, prevention and treatment of weight gain associated with the use of antidepressants and antipsychotics: a state-of-the-art clinical review. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2024:1-21. [PMID: 39225182 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2024.2396396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION People with severe mental illness have poor cardiometabolic health. Commonly used antidepressants and antipsychotics frequently lead to weight gain, which may further contribute to adverse cardiovascular outcomes. AREAS COVERED We searched MEDLINE up to April 2023 for umbrella reviews, (network-)meta-analyses, trials and cohort studies on risk factors, prevention and treatment strategies of weight gain associated with antidepressants/antipsychotics. We developed 10 clinical recommendations. EXPERT OPINION To prevent, manage, and treat antidepressant/antipsychotic-related weight gain, we recommend i) assessing risk factors for obesity before treatment, ii) monitoring metabolic health at baseline and regularly during follow-up, iii) offering lifestyle interventions including regular exercise and healthy diet based on patient preference to optimize motivation, iv) considering first-line psychotherapy for mild-moderate depression and anxiety disorders, v)choosing medications based on medications' and patient's weight gain risk, vi) choosing medications based on acute vs long-term treatment, vii) using effective, tolerated medications, viii) switching to less weight-inducing antipsychotics/antidepressants where possible, ix) using early weight gain as a predictor of further weight gain to inform the timing of intervention/switch options, and x) considering adding metformin or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, or topiramate(second-line due to potential adverse cognitive effects) to antipsychotics, or aripiprazole to clozapine or olanzapine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Solmi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Mental Health, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI) Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Federico Capone
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Unit of Internal Medicine III, Padua University Hospital, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Mikkel Højlund
- Department of Psychiatry Aabenraa, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, Aabenraa, Denmark
- Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy, and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Joseph Firth
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Dan Siskind
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- Physical and Mental Health Research Stream, Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, School of Clinical Medicine, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Richard I G Holt
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Southampton National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Olivier Corbeil
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Department of Pharmacy, Quebec Mental Health University Institute, Québec, Canada
| | - Samuele Cortese
- Developmental EPI (Evidence synthesis, Prediction, Implementation) lab, Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York, NY, USA
- DiMePRe-J-Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine-Jonic Area, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | - Elena Dragioti
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Research Laboratory Psychology of Patients, Families & Health Professionals, Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ebba Du Rietz
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - René Ernst Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Outreach and Support in South-London (OASIS) service, South London and Maudlsey (SLaM) NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- Interdisciplinary Centre Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Anne Høye
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Henrik Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Kelli Lehto
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Peter Lindgren
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Swedish Institute for Health Economics, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mirko Manchia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Davy Vancampfort
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- University Psychiatric Centre KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Heidi Taipale
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm City Council, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Niuvanniemi Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Christoph U Correll
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
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Jiang Y, Zhou L, Shen Y, Zhou Q, Ji Y, Zhu H. Safety assessment of Brexpiprazole: Real-world adverse event analysis from the FAERS database. J Affect Disord 2024; 346:223-229. [PMID: 37956832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to analysis adverse drug events (ADE) related to Brexpiprazole from the third quarter of 2015 to the first quarter of 2023 from FAERS database. METHODS The ADE data related to Brexpiprazole from 2015 Q3 to 2023 Q1 were collected. After standardizing the data, a variety of signal quantification techniques, including ROR, PRR, BCPNN, and MGPS were used for analysis. RESULTS Among the 8559 ADE reports with Brexpiprazole as the primary suspected drug, 178 preferred terms (PT) of adverse reactions spanning 27 different system organ classes (SOC) were identified. Specifically, Metabolism and nutrition disorders and Reproductive system and breast disorders were unique adverse reactions to Brexpiprazole, with the latter not mentioned in the official drug label. Moreover, uncommon but significantly strong ADE signals, such as Egocentrism, Pharmacophobia, and Compulsions were observed. Notably, Tardive dyskinesia (n = 317, ROR 103.87, PRR 102.21, IC 6.21, EBGM 96.17) and Extrapyramidal disorder (n = 104, ROR 31.17, PRR 31.00, IC 4.57, EBGM 30.44) exhibited relatively high occurrence rates and signal strengths. Additionally, Lactation disorder (n = 6, ROR 48.09, PRR 48.07, IC 2.63, EBGM 46.71) and Breast discharge (n = 10, ROR 23.18, PRR 23.17, IC 2.94, EBGM 22.86) were observed, both presenting strong ADE signals. CONCLUSION Brexpiprazole poses risks of various adverse reactions while providing therapeutic effects. In clinical applications, practitioners should closely monitor occurrences of Psychiatric disorders, Metabolism and nutrition disorders, Reproductive system and breast disorders, and other events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingyun Zhou
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Yuan Shen
- Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingying Ji
- Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Haohao Zhu
- Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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Munayco Maldonado GM, Schwartz TL. Differentiating the third generation of antipsychotics: a focus on lumateperone's similarities and differences. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2024; 39:4-16. [PMID: 37781859 DOI: 10.1097/yic.0000000000000510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of atypical antipsychotics has evolved to include newer pharmacodynamic properties. Lumateperone, aripiprazole, brexpiprazole, and cariprazine are all dopamine-2 receptor partial agonists with varying receptor affinities. This review aims to compare the clinical and pharmacodynamic differences among these four atypical antipsychotics, all of which are unique when compared to first- and second-generation antipsychotics. For consideration is further delineating these agents as being third-generation antipsychotics. PubMed searches were conducted to compile preclinical and clinical studies derived from animal models and human subjects. Information gathered included pharmacological mechanisms, clinical efficacy, future-oriented clinical approaches, and adverse effects. Efficacy for the shared indications of these drugs seems comparable. Differences among these drugs lie more in their adverse effect profiles. For example, lumateperone was found to have the lowest rate of weight gain while brexpiprazole was found to have the highest rate of weight gain associated with increased appetite. Aripiprazole had the lowest rates of extrapyramidal symptoms not including akathisia while cariprazine had the highest. All four agents reviewed have a variety of receptor affinities, which likely generates a variety of different adverse effects. This suggests that in any given patient, clinicians may see differential clinical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas L Schwartz
- SUNY Distinguished Teaching Professor and Chair of Psychiatry, Norton College of Medicine at SUNY Upstate Medical University
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Cheng L, Xia F, Li Z, Shen C, Yang Z, Hou H, Sun S, Feng Y, Yong X, Tian X, Qin H, Yan W, Shao Z. Structure, function and drug discovery of GPCR signaling. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2023; 4:46. [PMID: 38047990 PMCID: PMC10695916 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00156-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are versatile and vital proteins involved in a wide array of physiological processes and responses, such as sensory perception (e.g., vision, taste, and smell), immune response, hormone regulation, and neurotransmission. Their diverse and essential roles in the body make them a significant focus for pharmaceutical research and drug development. Currently, approximately 35% of marketed drugs directly target GPCRs, underscoring their prominence as therapeutic targets. Recent advances in structural biology have substantially deepened our understanding of GPCR activation mechanisms and interactions with G-protein and arrestin signaling pathways. This review offers an in-depth exploration of both traditional and recent methods in GPCR structure analysis. It presents structure-based insights into ligand recognition and receptor activation mechanisms and delves deeper into the mechanisms of canonical and noncanonical signaling pathways downstream of GPCRs. Furthermore, it highlights recent advancements in GPCR-related drug discovery and development. Particular emphasis is placed on GPCR selective drugs, allosteric and biased signaling, polyphamarcology, and antibody drugs. Our goal is to provide researchers with a thorough and updated understanding of GPCR structure determination, signaling pathway investigation, and drug development. This foundation aims to propel forward-thinking therapeutic approaches that target GPCRs, drawing upon the latest insights into GPCR ligand selectivity, activation, and biased signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ziyan Li
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenglong Shen
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiqian Yang
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanlin Hou
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Suyue Sun
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuying Feng
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xihao Yong
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaowen Tian
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongxi Qin
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhenhua Shao
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Frontiers Medical Center, Chengdu, 610212, China.
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Li T, Liu X, Long X, Li Y, Xiang J, Lv Y, Zhao X, Shi S, Chen W. Brexpiprazole suppresses cell proliferation and de novo lipogenesis through AMPK/SREBP1 pathway in colorectal cancer. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:2352-2360. [PMID: 37347510 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the present study, we investigated the role of brexpiprazole on cell proliferation and lipogenesis in colorectal cancer (CRC) and its molecular mechanism. METHODS The effect of brexpiprazole on CRC cell proliferation was determined by CCK-8, EdU assay, cell clone formation. The flow cytometry was evaluated cell cycle. Differential expression genes (DEGs) were identified by RNA-seq assay after treating HCT116 cells with or without 20 μM brexpiprazole for 24 h. Then, the top 120 DEGs were analyzed by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. After that, Oil red O staining and the levels of total cholestenone and triglyceride were measured to assess lipogenesis capacity in CRC cells. The related molecules of cell proliferation, lipogenic and AMPK/SREBP1 signal pathways were measured by q-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Brexpiprazole remarkably suppressed cell proliferation, lipogenesis, and induced cell cycle arrest in CRC. The underlying mechanisms probably involved the suppression of SREBP1 and the stimulation of AMPK. CONCLUSION Brexpiprazole inhibited cell proliferation and de novo lipogenesis through AMPK/SREBP1 pathway in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Institute of Basic Medical and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xiaoyi Long
- Institute of Basic Medical and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yangyou Li
- Animal Experimental Center, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Jin Xiang
- School of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yuanxia Lv
- School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medical and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Shaoqing Shi
- Scientific Research Laboratory Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
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Carpenter JS, Zmicerevska N, Crouse JJ, Nichles A, Garland A, Song YJC, Wilson C, Rohleder C, McHugh C, Leweke FM, Koethe D, Scott EM, Hickie IB. Effects of adjunctive brexpiprazole on sleep-wake and circadian parameters in youth with depressive disorders: study protocol for a clinical trial. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e056298. [PMID: 36691133 PMCID: PMC9454051 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sleep-wake and circadian disturbance is a key feature of mood disorders with a potential causal role and particular relevance to young people. Brexpiprazole is a second-generation antipsychotic medication with demonstrated efficacy as an adjunct to antidepressant treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults, with preliminary evidence suggesting greater effectiveness in subgroups of depressed patients with sleep disturbances. This clinical trial aims to evaluate the relationships between changes in sleep-wake and circadian parameters and changes in depressive symptoms following adjunctive brexpiprazole treatment in young adults with MDD and sleep-wake disturbance. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This study is designed as a 16 week (8 weeks active treatment, 8 weeks follow-up) mechanistic, open-label, single-arm, phase IV clinical trial and aims to recruit 50 young people aged 18-30 with MDD and sleep-wake cycle disturbance through an early intervention youth mental health clinic in Sydney, Australia. At baseline, participants will undergo multidimensional outcome assessment and subsequently receive 8 weeks of open-label treatment with brexpiprazole as adjunctive to their stable psychotropic medication. Following 4 weeks of treatment, clinical and self-report measures will be repeated. Ambulatory sleep-wake monitoring will be conducted continuously for the duration of treatment. After 8 weeks of treatment, all multidimensional outcome assessments will be repeated. Follow-up visits will be conducted 4 and 8 weeks after trial completion (including sleep-wake, clinical and self-report assessments). Circadian rhythm biomarkers including salivary melatonin, cortisol and core body temperature will be collected during an in-lab assessment. Additionally, metabolic, inflammatory and genetic risk markers will be collected at baseline and after 8 weeks of treatment. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This trial protocol has been approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Sydney Local Health District (X19-0417 and 2019/ETH12986, Protocol Version 1-3, dated 25 February 2021). The results of this study, in deidentified form, will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals, scholarly book chapters, presentation at conferences and publication in conference proceedings. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12619001456145.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne S Carpenter
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Natalia Zmicerevska
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jacob J Crouse
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alissa Nichles
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexandra Garland
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yun Ju Christine Song
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chloe Wilson
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Cathrin Rohleder
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Catherine McHugh
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - F Markus Leweke
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dagmar Koethe
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M Scott
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Notre Dame Australia School of Medicine Sydney Campus, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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Pochwat B, Krupa AJ, Siwek M, Szewczyk B. New investigational agents for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2022; 31:1053-1066. [PMID: 35975761 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2022.2113376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pharmacotherapy of depression is characterized by the delayed onset of action, chronic treatment requirements, and insufficient effectiveness. Ketamine, with its rapid action and long-lasting effects, represents a breakthrough in the modern pharmacotherapy of depression. AREAS COVERED : The current review summarizes the latest findings on the mechanism of the antidepressant action of ketamine and its enantiomers and metabolites. Furthermore, the antidepressant potential of psychedelics, non-hallucinogenic serotonergic modulators and metabotropic glutamate receptor ligands was discussed. EXPERT OPINION Recent data indicated that to achieve fast and long-acting antidepressant-like effects, compounds must induce durable effects on the architecture and density of dendritic spines in brain regions engaged in mood regulation. Such mechanisms underlie the actions of ketamine and psychedelics. These compounds trigger hallucinations; however, it is thought that these effects might be essential for their antidepressant action. Behavioral studies with serotonergic modulators affecting 5-HT1A (biased agonists), 5-HT4 (agonists), and 5-HT-7 (antagonists) receptors exert rapid antidepressant-like activity, but they seem to be devoid of this effects. Another way to avoid psychomimetic effects and achieve the desired rapid antidepressant-like effects is combined therapy. In this respect, ligands of metabotropic receptors show some potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Pochwat
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Julia Krupa
- Department of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Siwek
- Department of Affective Disorders, Chair of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bernadeta Szewczyk
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
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Wilke SA, Lavi K, Byeon S, Donohue KC, Sohal VS. Convergence of Clinically Relevant Manipulations on Dopamine-Regulated Prefrontal Activity Underlying Stress Coping Responses. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 91:810-820. [PMID: 35090617 PMCID: PMC11182612 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is pleiotropic and influenced by diverse genetic, environmental, and pharmacological factors. Identifying patterns of circuit activity on which many of these factors converge would be important, because studying these patterns could reveal underlying pathophysiological processes and/or novel therapies. Depression is commonly assumed to involve changes within prefrontal circuits, and dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) agonists are increasingly used as adjunctive antidepressants. Nevertheless, how D2Rs influence disease-relevant patterns of prefrontal circuit activity remains unknown. METHODS We used brain slice calcium imaging to measure how patterns of prefrontal activity are modulated by D2Rs, antidepressants, and manipulations that increase depression susceptibility. To validate the idea that prefrontal D2Rs might contribute to antidepressant responses, we used optogenetic and genetic manipulations to test how dopamine, D2Rs, and D2R+ neurons contribute to stress-coping behavior. RESULTS Patterns of positively correlated activity in prefrontal microcircuits are specifically enhanced by D2R stimulation as well as by two mechanistically distinct antidepressants, ketamine and fluoxetine. Conversely, this D2R-driven effect was disrupted in two etiologically distinct depression models, a genetic susceptibility model and mice that are susceptible to chronic social defeat. Phasic stimulation of dopaminergic afferents to the prefrontal cortex and closed-loop stimulation of D2R+ neurons increased effortful responses to tail suspension stress, whereas prefrontal D2R deletion reduced the duration of individual struggling episodes. CONCLUSIONS Correlated prefrontal microcircuit activity represents a point of convergence for multiple depression-related manipulations. Prefrontal D2Rs enhance this activity. Through this mechanism, prefrontal D2Rs may promote network states associated with antidepressant actions and effortful responses to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Wilke
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Psychiatry and Behavior Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Karen Lavi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavior Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sujin Byeon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavior Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Kevin C Donohue
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavior Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Vikaas S Sohal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavior Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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9
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Caldiroli A, Capuzzi E, Tagliabue I, Capellazzi M, Marcatili M, Mucci F, Colmegna F, Clerici M, Buoli M, Dakanalis A. Augmentative Pharmacological Strategies in Treatment-Resistant Major Depression: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313070. [PMID: 34884874 PMCID: PMC8658307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment resistant depression (TRD) is associated with poor outcomes, but a consensus is lacking in the literature regarding which compound represents the best pharmacological augmentation strategy to antidepressants (AD). In the present review, we identify the available literature regarding the pharmacological augmentation to AD in TRD. Research in the main psychiatric databases was performed (PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, PsychInfo). Only original articles in English with the main topic being pharmacological augmentation in TRD and presenting a precise definition of TRD were included. Aripiprazole and lithium were the most investigated molecules, and aripiprazole presented the strongest evidence of efficacy. Moreover, olanzapine, quetiapine, cariprazine, risperidone, and ziprasidone showed positive results but to a lesser extent. Brexpiprazole and intranasal esketamine need further study in real-world practice. Intravenous ketamine presented an evincible AD effect in the short-term. The efficacy of adjunctive ADs, antiepileptic drugs, psychostimulants, pramipexole, ropinirole, acetyl-salicylic acid, metyrapone, reserpine, testosterone, T3/T4, naltrexone, SAMe, and zinc cannot be precisely estimated in light of the limited available data. Studies on lamotrigine and pindolol reported negative results. According to our results, aripiprazole and lithium may be considered by clinicians as potential effective augmentative strategies in TRD, although the data regarding lithium are somewhat controversial. Reliable conclusions about the other molecules cannot be drawn. Further controlled comparative studies, standardized in terms of design, doses, and duration of the augmentative treatments, are needed to formulate definitive conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Caldiroli
- Psychiatric Department, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Monza, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.C.); (M.M.); (F.C.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3495009941
| | - Enrico Capuzzi
- Psychiatric Department, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Monza, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.C.); (M.M.); (F.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Ilaria Tagliabue
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (I.T.); (M.C.); (A.D.)
| | - Martina Capellazzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (I.T.); (M.C.); (A.D.)
| | - Matteo Marcatili
- Psychiatric Department, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Monza, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.C.); (M.M.); (F.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Francesco Mucci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Fabrizia Colmegna
- Psychiatric Department, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Monza, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.C.); (M.M.); (F.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Massimo Clerici
- Psychiatric Department, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Monza, 20900 Monza, Italy; (E.C.); (M.M.); (F.C.); (M.C.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (I.T.); (M.C.); (A.D.)
| | - Massimiliano Buoli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonios Dakanalis
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (I.T.); (M.C.); (A.D.)
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10
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Fornaro M, Trinchillo A, Saccà F, Iasevoli F, Nolano M, de Bartolomeis A. Pharmacotherapy to prevent the onset of depression following traumatic brain injury. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2021; 23:255-262. [PMID: 34530652 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1980537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Depressive symptoms may follow traumatic brain injury (TBI), affecting cognition, apathy, and overall general functioning. Pharmacotherapy to prevent the onset of depression following TBI is, therefore, crucial. AREAS COVERED The present report critically appraises current pharmacotherapy to prevent the onset of depression following TBI as well as novel potential pharmacological avenues on the matter. Both efficacy and safety issues are considered, emphasizing an evidence-based approach whenever feasible. The authors further provide the reader with their expert opinion and future perspectives on the subject. EXPERT OPINION Despite its clinical burden and relatively frequent occurrence, the prophylaxis of post-TBI depression warrants further research. The current clinical guidelines of depression do not account for people with a primary diagnosis of TBI. Prospective cohort studies supported by proof-of-concept trials are nonetheless urged toward more effective, patient-tailored pharmacotherapy to prevent the onset of depression and treatment-resistance phenomena following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Fornaro
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science, and Odontostomatology, Federico Ii University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Assunta Trinchillo
- Section of Neurology, Reproductive Science, and Odontostomatology Department of Neuroscience, Federico Ii University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Saccà
- Section of Neurology, Reproductive Science, and Odontostomatology Department of Neuroscience, Federico Ii University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Felice Iasevoli
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science, and Odontostomatology, Federico Ii University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Nolano
- Section of Neurology, Reproductive Science, and Odontostomatology Department of Neuroscience, Federico Ii University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science, and Odontostomatology, Federico Ii University of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Staff Unesco Chair Chair "Education for Health and Sustainable Development," University of Naples, Federico Ii Naples, Naples, Italy
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11
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Bruno CD, Elmokadem A, Housand C, Jordie EB, Chow CR, Laughren TP, Greenblatt DJ. Impact of Obesity on Brexpiprazole Pharmacokinetics: Proposal for Improved Initiation of Treatment. J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 62:55-65. [PMID: 34339048 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Brexpiprazole is an oral antipsychotic agent indicated for use in patients with schizophrenia or as adjunctive treatment for major depressive disorder. As obesity (body mass index ≥35 kg/m2 ) has the potential to affect drug pharmacokinetics and is a common comorbidity of both schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, it is important to understand changes in brexpiprazole disposition in this population. This study uses a whole-body physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to compare the pharmacokinetics of brexpiprazole in obese and normal-weight (body mass index 18-25 kg/m2 ) individuals known to be cytochrome P450 2D6 extensive metabolizers (EMs) and poor metabolizers (PMs). The physiologically based pharmacokinetic simulations demonstrated significant differences in the time to effective concentrations between obese and normal-weight individuals within metabolizer groups according to the label-recommended titration. Simulations using an alternative dosing strategy of 1 week of twice-daily dosing in obese EMs or 2 weeks of twice-daily dosing in obese poor metabolizers, followed by a return to once-daily dosing, yielded more consistent plasma concentrations between normal-weight and obese patients without exceeding the area under the plasma concentration-time curve observed in the normal-weight EMs. These alternative dosing strategies reduce the time to effective concentrations in obese patients and may improve clinical response to brexpiprazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Bruno
- Emerald Lake Safety, Newport Beach, California, USA.,Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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"Novel Psychopharmacology for Depressive Disorders". ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1305:449-461. [PMID: 33834412 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6044-0_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder carries a significant burden and a high risk for suicide. The need for more effective, safer, and faster-acting drugs is, therefore, compelling. The present chapter briefly assesses the most promising agents, focusing on non-monoamine-targeting compounds, namely, the glutamate antagonist ketamine and its enantiomer esketamine. A critical overview of the evidence and the pitfalls associated with current antidepressant drug development is likewise provided in the following text.
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13
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Delva NC, Stanwood GD. Dysregulation of brain dopamine systems in major depressive disorder. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:1084-1093. [PMID: 33593109 DOI: 10.1177/1535370221991830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD or depression) is a debilitating neuropsychiatric syndrome with genetic, epigenetic, and environmental contributions. Depression is one of the largest contributors to chronic disease burden; it affects more than one in six individuals in the United States. A wide array of cellular and molecular modifications distributed across a variety of neuronal processes and circuits underlie the pathophysiology of depression-no established mechanism can explain all aspects of the disease. MDD suffers from a vast treatment gap worldwide, and large numbers of individuals who require treatment do not receive adequate care. This mini-review focuses on dysregulation of brain dopamine (DA) systems in the pathophysiology of MDD and describing new cellular targets for potential medication development focused on DA-modulated micro-circuits. We also explore how neurodevelopmental factors may modify risk for later emergence of MDD, possibly through dopaminergic substrates in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nella C Delva
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Gregg D Stanwood
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.,Center for Brain Repair, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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14
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Denee T, Ming T, Waller J, Bailey T, Rajkovic-Hooley O, Middleton-Dalby C, Le HH, Zhang Q, McCrone P, Taylor D. A retrospective chart review study to quantify the monthly medical resource use and costs of treating patients with treatment resistant depression in the United Kingdom. Curr Med Res Opin 2021; 37:311-319. [PMID: 33253055 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2020.1857580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a globally prevalent chronic psychiatric illness with a significant disease impact. As many as 30% of patients with MDD do not adequately respond to two therapies and are considered to be treatment resistant. This study aimed to quantify healthcare costs associated with treatment resistant depression (TRD) in the UK. METHODS A retrospective chart review of patients with TRD was conducted in primary and secondary care settings over a 2 year period. Data abstracted from medical records of patients included demographics, clinical characteristics and healthcare resource utilization (HCRU; number of consultations, use of Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Teams [CRHTTs], non-drug and drug interventions, and hospitalizations). HCRU per patient per month (28 days) was calculated for three health states: major depressive episode (MDE), remission and recovery. Unit costs were from the British National Formulary (BNF) and the Personal Social Services Research Unit (PSSRU). RESULTS A total of 295 patients with TRD were recruited between January 2016 and May 2018. The mean age of the total sample was 43.3 years; 60.3% were female. Costs per patient, per 28 days, were highest in the MDE state, with the average cost (£992) mainly driven by consultations, non-drug treatment, hospitalizations and CRHTT, with a considerable fall in costs as patients moved into remission and subsequent recovery. CONCLUSION The results suggest that antidepressant treatments for TRD that are more effective in reducing the time spent in an MDE health state, and helping patients achieve remission and recovery, are essential for reducing the overall HCRU and costs in patients with TRD. Cost of TRD in the UK Strengths and limitations of this study This observational study of TRD is the first to assess the HCRU impact associated with different predefined health states. Using retrospective data from both primary and secondary care physicians from regions across the UK ensures a representative real-world patient population. One limitation is that the selection of patients is based on criteria that define TRD that rely on physician judgement. Although the study captures direct HCRU costs, the indirect costs of lost productivity and care are not included in the overall burden. This study has defined the current clinical management of patients with TRD in the UK and provides an estimate of the associated HCRU and associated costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Denee
- Market Access and Reimbursement, Janssen-Cilag Ltd, High Wycombe, UK
| | - Timothy Ming
- Market Access and Reimbursement, Janssen-Cilag Ltd, High Wycombe, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Hoa H Le
- Real World Evidence, Janssen Scientific Affairs LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - Qiaoyi Zhang
- Real World Evidence, Janssen Scientific Affairs LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | | | - David Taylor
- Tavistock & Portman NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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15
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Cantù F, Ciappolino V, Enrico P, Moltrasio C, Delvecchio G, Brambilla P. Augmentation with Atypical Antipsychotics for Treatment-Resistant Depression. J Affect Disord 2021; 280:45-53. [PMID: 33202337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is considered a common clinical condition often associated with relevant suicidal ideation and characterized by a severe functional impairment lifetime. Among the available drugs for the TRD treatment, second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) have been reported as effective. In this context, the aim of this study was to review the clinical studies evaluating the efficacy of SGAs as add-on therapy in TRD. METHODS A comprehensive search on PubMed, Medline and PsychINFO of all randomized clinical trials (RCTs) assessing the augmentation with antipsychotics in TRD, published from January 2000 until March 2020, was performed. Sixteen RCTs studies met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS The reviewed studies showed that the add-on therapy with aripiprazole could be beneficial in the treatment of TRD. Furthermore, RCTs on quetiapine augmentation support its use in TRD, especially when comorbid anxiety or insomnia are present. The effects of risperidone and olanzapine as add-on in TRD were less studied, but preliminary data indicated an efficacy respect to placebo, making them a possible therapeutic option in TRD. LIMITATIONS The lack of consistency in the definition of TRD together with the small sample sizes and the heterogeneity of antipsychotics dosages used in the reviewed RCTs may have limited the strength of evidences obtained. CONCLUSION Overall, the available RCTs studies seem to support the hypothesis that the augmentation with SGAs, in particular aripiprazole and quetiapine, is a valid therapeutic option for TRD. However, to improve the therapeutic outcome of patients with TRD, larger and more homogeneous RCTs are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Cantù
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Ciappolino
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Enrico
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Moltrasio
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Delvecchio
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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16
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Malhi GS, Morris G, Bell E, Hamilton A. A New Paradigm for Achieving a Rapid Antidepressant Response. Drugs 2020; 80:755-764. [PMID: 32347475 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-020-01303-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The substantive delay (often 4-6 weeks) between the commencement of an antidepressant and any discernible improvement in depressive symptoms is an ongoing concern in the management of depressive disorders. This delay incurs the risk of cessation of medication, self-harm/suicide and ongoing 'damage' to the brain caused by the illness. Both historically and now, off-label polypharmacy has been used in clinical practice in an attempt to facilitate both immediate- and long-term relief from symptoms. While somewhat effective, this strategy was unregulated and associated with severe adverse side effects for patients. In this article we proffer an alternative paradigm to achieve a more rapid antidepressant response by conceptualising the gap in terms of windows of response. The Windows of Antidepressant Response Paradigm (WARP) frames treatment response as windows of time in which a clinical response can be expected following initiation of an antidepressant. The paradigm defines three distinct windows-the immediate-response window (1-2 days), fast-response window (up to 1 week) and slow-response window (from 1 week onwards). Newer agents such as rapid-acting antidepressants are considered to act within the immediate-response window, whereas atypical antipsychotic augmentation strategies are captured within the fast-response window. The slow-response window represents the delay experienced with conventional antidepressant monotherapy. Novel agents such as esketamine and brexpiprazole are discussed as examples to better understand the clinical utility of WARP. This framework can be used to guide research in this field and aide the development of newer, more effective antidepressant agents as well as providing a strategy to guide the prescription of multiple agents in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gin S Malhi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Academic Department of Psychiatry, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia. .,CADE Clinic, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.
| | - Grace Morris
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Academic Department of Psychiatry, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.,CADE Clinic, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Erica Bell
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Academic Department of Psychiatry, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.,CADE Clinic, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Amber Hamilton
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Academic Department of Psychiatry, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.,CADE Clinic, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
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17
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Fujiyama H, Sugawara H, Kanno T, Kawahara K, Tanaka H, Fukuhara R, Boku S, Takebayashi M. Combination therapy of brexpiprazole and aripiprazole for an adolescent patient with a first episode of schizophrenia: A case report. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 74:666-667. [PMID: 32909325 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Fujiyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroko Sugawara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Teppei Kanno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kawahara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hibiki Tanaka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ryuji Fukuhara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shuken Boku
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Minoru Takebayashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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18
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DeKarske D, Alva G, Aldred JL, Coate B, Cantillon M, Jacobi L, Nunez R, Norton JC, Abler V. An Open-Label, 8-Week Study of Safety and Efficacy of Pimavanserin Treatment in Adults with Parkinson's Disease and Depression. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2020; 10:1751-1761. [PMID: 32804101 PMCID: PMC7683094 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-202058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) experience depression. OBJECTIVE Evaluate pimavanserin treatment for depression in patients with PD. METHODS Pimavanserin was administered as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor or serotonin/noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor in this 8-week, single-arm, open-label phase 2 study (NCT03482882). The primary endpoint was change from baseline to week 8 in Hamilton Depression Scale-17-item version (HAMD-17) score. Safety, including collection of adverse events and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Movement Disorder Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III (MDS-UPDRS III) scores, was assessed in patients who received ≥1 pimavanserin dose. RESULTS Efficacy was evaluated in 45 patients (21 monotherapy, 24 adjunctive therapy). Mean (SE) baseline HAMD-17 was 19.2 (3.1). Change from baseline to week 8 (least squares [LS] mean [SE]) in the HAMD-17 was -10.8 (0.63) (95% CI, -12.0 to -9.5; p < 0.0001) with significant improvement seen at week 2 (p < 0.0001) and for both monotherapy (week 8, -11.2 [0.99]) and adjunctive therapy (week 8,-10.2 [0.78]). Most patients (60.0%) had ≥50% improvement at week 8, and 44.4% of patients reached remission (HAMD-17 score ≤7). Twenty-one of 47 patients experienced 42 treatment-emergent adverse events; the most common by system organ class were gastrointestinal (n = 7; 14.9%) and psychiatric (n = 7; 14.9%). No negative effects were observed on MMSE or MDS-UPDRS Part III. CONCLUSION In this 8-week, single-arm, open-label study, pimavanserin as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy was well tolerated and associated with early and sustained improvement of depressive symptoms in patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gustavo Alva
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | - Bruce Coate
- ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Marc Cantillon
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Lori Jacobi
- ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rene Nunez
- ACADIA Pharmaceuticals Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
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19
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Orsolini L, De Berardis D, Volpe U. Up-to-date expert opinion on the safety of recently developed antipsychotics. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2020; 19:981-998. [PMID: 32657173 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2020.1795126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Introduction There are several new and emerging antipsychotic medication strategies recently marketed or under clinical development for the treatment of several mental disorders. There is the need to provide an up-to-date overview on the safety of this new generation of antipsychotic medications, which includes also the third-generation antipsychotics (TGA). Areas covered The authors aimed at providing a synthesis of the most current evidence about the safety profile of the recently developed and/or marketed antipsychotics. Qualitative synthesis followed an electronic search made inquiring of the following databases: MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library from inception until March 2020, combining free terms and MESH headings for the topics of TGA and recently developed and/or marketed antipsychotics as following: ((safety OR adverse events OR side effects) AND ((brexpiprazole OR cariprazine OR inhaled loxapine OR lumateperone (ITI-007) OR lurasidone OR pimavanserin OR roluperidone (MIN-101) OR transdermal patch asenapine)). Expert opinion Overall, newer antipsychotics display a good safety profile, with a well-demonstrated lower metabolic liability compared to second-generation antipsychotics. Furthermore, TGA appear to specifically target negative symptomatology and improving cognitive domains. Abbreviations Aps=Antipsychotic Drugs; AEs = Adverse Effects; EPS = Extrapyramidal Symptoms; NMS = Neuroleptic malignant syndrome; D = Dopamine; Ki = Inhibitory Constant; 5-HT = Serotonin; ECG = Electrocardiogram; H = Histamine; M = Muscarinic; BMI = Body Mass Index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Orsolini
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neurosciences/DIMSC, School of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche , Ancona, Italy.,Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire , Hatfield, UK
| | - Domenico De Berardis
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, University of "G. D'Annunzio" , Chieti, Italy.,NHS, Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service of Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital "G. Mazzini" , Teramo, Italy
| | - Umberto Volpe
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Neurosciences/DIMSC, School of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche , Ancona, Italy
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20
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Efficacy and safety of brexpiprazole in acute management of psychiatric disorders: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2020; 35:119-128. [PMID: 32141908 DOI: 10.1097/yic.0000000000000308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Brexpiprazole is a new atypical antipsychotic for schizophrenia management and as adjunct in major depressive disorder (MDD). We searched randomized controlled trials (RCT) to review brexpiprazole efficacy and tolerability in acute management of schizophrenia and MDD using PubMed, EUDRACT, ClinicalTrials.gov and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. A meta-analysis was conducted using the identified 14 RCT to assess its efficacy using positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS), clinical global impressions - severity of illness (CGI-S), personal and social performance scale (PSP), Montgomery-Åsberg depression rating scale (MADRS), Sheehan disability scale (SDS) and Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS17). The mean difference comparing brexpiprazole and placebo were PANSS -4.48, CGI-S -0.23 and PSP 3.24 favoring brexpiprazole. Compared to aripiprazole and quetiapine, brexpiprazole showed similar efficacy. In MDD, brexpiprazole showed efficacy compared to placebo demonstrated by MADRS -1.25, SDS -0.37 and HDRS17 -1.28. Brexpiprazole was associated with side effects including akathisia risk ratio (RR) = 1.72; weight increase RR = 2.74 and somnolence RR = 1.87. Compared to 4 mg, brexpiprazole 2 mg was associated with less risk of akathisia and somnolence. Brexpiprazole demonstrated significant improvements in schizophrenia and MDD and is well-tolerated; however, associated with akathisia and somnolence. These findings will guide psychiatrists and pharmacists in their clinical role for supporting psychiatric patients care.
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