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Marinho LL, Rached FH, Morikawa AT, Tavoni TM, Cardoso APT, Torres RVA, Assuncao AN, Serrano CV, Nomura CH, Maranhão RC. Safety and possible anti-inflammatory effect of paclitaxel associated with LDL-like nanoparticles (LDE) in patients with chronic coronary artery disease: a double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1342832. [PMID: 38450375 PMCID: PMC10915057 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1342832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Studies in cholesterol-fed rabbits showed that anti-proliferative chemotherapeutic agents such as paclitaxel associated with solid lipid nanoparticles (LDE) have marked anti-atherosclerotic effects. In addition, association with LDE nearly abolishes paclitaxel toxicity. We investigated whether treatment with LDE-paclitaxel changes plaque progression by coronary CT angiography and is safe in patients with chronic coronary artery disease. Methods We conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study in patients with multi-vessel chronic coronary artery disease. Patients were randomized to receive IV infusions of LDE-paclitaxel (paclitaxel dose: 175 mg/m2 body surface) or LDE alone (placebo group), administered every 3 weeks for 18 weeks. All participants received guideline-directed medical therapy. Clinical and laboratory safety evaluations were made at baseline and every 3 weeks until the end of the study. Analysis of inflammatory biomarkers and coronary CTA was also performed at baseline and 4 weeks after treatment. Results Forty patients aged 65.6 ± 8 years, 20 in LDE-paclitaxel and 20 in placebo group were enrolled. Among those, 58% had diabetes, 50% had myocardial infarction, and 91% were in use of statin and aspirin. Baseline demographics, risk factors, and laboratory results were not different between groups. In all patients, no clinical or laboratory toxicities were observed. From the baseline to the end of follow-up, there was a non-significant trend toward a decrease in IL-6 levels and hsCRP in the LDE-paclitaxel group (-16% and -28%, respectively), not observed in placebo. Regarding plaque progression analysis, variation in plaque parameter values was wide, and no difference between groups was observed. Conclusion In patients with multivessel chronic coronary artery disease and optimized medical therapy, LDE-paclitaxel was safe and showed clues of potential benefits in reducing inflammatory biomarkers. Clinical Trial Registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04148833, identifier (NCT04148833).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Lage Marinho
- Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Instituto do Coracao (InCor) Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Hanna Rached
- Department of Cardiopneumology, Instituto do Coracao (InCor) Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aleksandra Tiemi Morikawa
- Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Instituto do Coracao (InCor) Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thauany Martins Tavoni
- Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Instituto do Coracao (InCor) Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Carlos Vicente Serrano
- Department of Cardiopneumology, Instituto do Coracao (InCor) Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cesar Higa Nomura
- Department of Radiology, Instituto do Coracao (InCor) Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raul Cavalcante Maranhão
- Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Instituto do Coracao (InCor) Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Deuringer B, Härdtner C, Krebs K, Thomann R, Holzer M, Hilgendorf I, Süss R. Everolimus-Loaded Reconstituted High-Density Lipoprotein Prepared by a Novel Dual Centrifugation Approach for Anti-Atherosclerotic Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:5081-5097. [PMID: 36340183 PMCID: PMC9635393 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s381483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The conventional techniques for the preparation of reconstituted high-density lipoprotein (rHDL) are hampered by long process times, the need for large amounts of starting material, and harsh preparation conditions. Here, we present a novel rHDL preparation method to overcome these challenges. Furthermore, we propose a dual mode of action for rHDL loaded with the immunosuppressant drug everolimus (Eve-rHDL) in the context of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. METHODS We use dual centrifugation for rHDL nanoparticle preparation and characterize the physicochemical properties by NS-TEM, N-PAGE, DLS, AF4, and HPLC. In addition, we determine the biological efficacy in human and murine cell culture with regard to cellular uptake, cholesterol efflux, and proliferation. RESULTS We confirm the characteristic particle size of 10 nm, discoidal morphology, and chemical composition of the rHDL preparations and identify dual centrifugation as an ideal method for cost-effective aseptic rHDL manufacturing. rHDL can be prepared in approx. 1.5 h with batch sizes as little as 89 µL. Moreover, we demonstrate the cholesterol efflux capacity and anti-proliferative activity of Eve-rHDL in vitro. The anti-proliferative effects were comparable to free Eve, thus confirming the suitability of rHDL as a capable drug delivery vehicle. CONCLUSION Eve-rHDL shows great efficacy in vitro and may further be employed to target atherosclerotic plaques in vivo. Highly effective anti-atherosclerotic therapy might be feasible by reducing both inflammatory- and lipid burden of the plaques. Dual centrifugation is an ideal technique for the efficient application of the rHDL platform in cardiovascular disease and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Deuringer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79104, Germany,Correspondence: Benedikt Deuringer, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Sonnenstraße 5, Freiburg, 79104, Germany, Tel +49 761 203 6329, Fax +49 761 203 6326, Email
| | - Carmen Härdtner
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Katja Krebs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Ralf Thomann
- FMF Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Martin Holzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Ingo Hilgendorf
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany,Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Center Freiburg-Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79110, Germany
| | - Regine Süss
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
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Zheng L, Xu H, Zheng F, Lai Y, Li J, Lv W, Hu Z, Wang W. Intervention time decides the status of autophagy, NLRP3 activity and apoptosis in macrophages induced by ox-LDL. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:107. [PMID: 36284323 PMCID: PMC9594915 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01714-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been determined through extensive studies that autophagy, the Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and apoptotic responses in macrophages jointly contribute to atherogenesis and its development in the presence of lipid abnormalities. Few studies have investigated in full-scale if the intervention time for lipids abnormality or NLRP3 activation have a significant effect on autophagy, NLRP3 or the apoptotic status in macrophages. Methods Human THP-1 monocyte-derived macrophages were established by challenging THP-1 monocytes with 80 µg/ml oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) for specific durations. Foam cell formation was observed by Oil Red O (ORO) staining. Western blots were employed to determine protein expression. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and immunofluorescence microscopy were applied to observe the autophagic status of cells. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL). Results The cells were treated with ox-LDL for 12 h and 36 h, which were considered to represent early and advanced stages of atherogenesis for this study. The results showed that inhibition of ox-LDL phagocytosis by cytochalasin D in the early stage improved autophagic status, reduced NLRP3 activation and the apoptotic response significantly. In contrast, cytochalasin D had little effect on blocking the detrimental effect of ox-LDL at the advanced stage. Moreover, the changes in autophagy, apoptosis and NLRP3 expression after treatment with small interfering (si) RNA targeting NLRP3 in the early and advanced stages of atherogenesis were consistent with the above data. Conclusions Interventions against lipid disorders or inflammatory reactions in the early or advanced stages of atherogenesis may have different results depending on when they are applied during the process of atherosclerotic pathogenesis. These results may help improve therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis prevention. Furthermore, a healthy lifestyle should still be recommended as the most important and inexpensive measure to prevent atherogenesis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-022-01714-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zheng
- Laboratory of Department of Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.,Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongbiao Xu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Fufu Zheng
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanhui Lai
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiming Lv
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Zuojun Hu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wenjian Wang
- Laboratory of Department of Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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Yuan X, Bao X, Liu X, Li X. Flaxseed-derived peptides ameliorate hepatic cholesterol metabolism in Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high-cholesterol and high-fat diet. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:5348-5357. [PMID: 35318649 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant peptides have been reported to have cholesterol-lowering activities. Previous research has found that ≤1 kDa flaxseed peptide (FP5 ) reduces cholesterol absorption and synthesis in vitro. In this research, we investigated the cholesterol-lowering activity of FP5 in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats fed a high-cholesterol and high-fat diet. In addition, amino acid sequences of FP5 were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. RESULTS FP5 supplement significantly decreased the serum and hepatic cholesterol levels and modulated the hepatic gene and protein expression of cholesterol metabolism-related enzymes or regulators (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor (LDLR), Cholesterol 7 α-hydroxylase, Niemann-Pick C1-like 1, ATP-binding cassette transporters G5 and G8). Eleven peptides were identified from FP5 . These peptides were characterized as hydrophobic amino acids such as leucine (L), proline (P), glycine (G), isoleucine (I) and continuous sequences, including LP, LL, LG and II, with low molecular weights. CONCLUSION FP5 has a certain cholesterol-lowering activity in SD rats fed a high-cholesterol and high-fat diet. The possible mechanism for ameliorating hepatic cholesterol metabolism of FP5 includes inhibiting hepatic cholesterol de novo synthesis, promoting the synthesis and excretion of bile acids, and inhibiting the reabsorption of bile acids during enterohepatic circulation. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Yuan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Xiaolan Bao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Xuexin Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, PR China
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5
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Reutersberg B, Düppers P, Menges AL, Schrimpf C, Zimmermann A, Pelisek J. Alterungsbedingte Gefäßveränderungen am Beispiel der Arteria carotis. GEFÄSSCHIRURGIE 2022; 27:231-238. [PMID: 35789693 PMCID: PMC9243795 DOI: 10.1007/s00772-022-00901-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Einer der Hauptrisikofaktoren für das Vorliegen einer Karotisstenose und des karotisbedingten Schlaganfalls ist das Lebensalter. Ziel dieses Übersichtsartikels ist die Darstellung des aktuellen Wissensstands über altersbedingte Veränderungen der Gefäße am Beispiel der Karotisstenose. Die Gefäßalterung (vaskuläre Seneszenz) als Abnahme struktureller und funktioneller Eigenschaften der Gefäßwand spielt sich auf verschiedenen Ebenen ab. Auf multizellulärer Ebene kommt es mit zunehmendem Alter hauptsächlich aufgrund von atherosklerotischen Veränderungen der Gefäßwand zu einer Zunahme von Gefäßvolumen und -durchmesser sowie der Intima-Media-Dicke. Auf zellulärer und extrazellulärer Ebene kommt es zur Abnahme von Elastinfasern, glatten Muskelzellen und der Gesamtzellularität sowie zur Zunahme der Lipid‑, Cholesterin- und Kalziumphosphatablagerungen und der Neovaskularisierung. Ursachen der Gefäßalterung auf molekularer Ebene sind insbesondere oxidativer Stress, chronische Entzündungsreaktion, mitochondriale Dysfunktion, epigenetische Veränderungen, Dysregulation der Expression nicht kodierender RNAs (ncRNAs) und die Zunahme der Seneszenz. Der altersbedingte Verlust der Heilungs- und Reparaturfähigkeit des Gewebes macht die Plaques vulnerabler und im Falle der A. carotis anfälliger für ischämische Schlaganfälle. Zunehmende Erkenntnisse über den Einfluss des Alterns auf die Epigenetik und der ncRNAs in atherosklerotischen Plaques kann zukünftig das individuelle Risiko von Patienten genauer quantifizieren und zur Entwicklung zielgerichteter Therapiestrategien beitragen. Weitere Studien sind auf diesem Gebiet jedoch notwendig, um das gesamte Ausmaß der Gefäßalterung und den damit einhergehenden Erkrankungen zu verstehen, damit diesen dann gezielt entgegenwirkt werden kann.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Reutersberg
- Klinik für Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Rämistr. 100, 8091 Zürich, Schweiz
| | - Philip Düppers
- Klinik für Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Rämistr. 100, 8091 Zürich, Schweiz
| | - Anna-Leonie Menges
- Klinik für Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Rämistr. 100, 8091 Zürich, Schweiz
| | - Claudia Schrimpf
- Klinik für Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Rämistr. 100, 8091 Zürich, Schweiz
| | - Alexander Zimmermann
- Klinik für Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Rämistr. 100, 8091 Zürich, Schweiz
| | - Jaroslav Pelisek
- Klinik für Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Rämistr. 100, 8091 Zürich, Schweiz
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Platelet membrane-cloaked selenium/ginsenoside Rb1 nanosystem as biomimetic reactor for atherosclerosis therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 214:112464. [PMID: 35334311 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the dominant contributor to human mortality, and the main etiology of which is atherosclerosis (AS). Enhancing the targeted ability of nanosystem and improving plaque stability are critical challenges for the current management of AS. Herein, we leverage the marked role of platelets in AS to construct a biomimetic nanodrug delivery system (PM@Se/Rb1 NPs), which prepared by cloaking platelet membrane (PM) around Selenium (Se) and ginsenoside Rb1 nanoparticles (Se/Rb1 NPs) core. The core endows the delivery system antioxidant, lipid metabolism and anti-inflammatory effects for AS effective treatment. Moreover, PM-coated nanoparticles reserve platelets' inherent biological elements to deliver drugs to plaques. We further explored the potential effect of PM@Se/Rb1 NPs' combination with the clinical anticoagulant drug warfarin (War) to treat AS and elucidated the possible drug interaction mechanism. As a result, the PM@Se/Rb1 NPs are not only capable of improving inflammatory behaviors such as inhibitory adhesion ability and anti-angiogenesis therapeutic effect in vitro, but also administer efficiently localizing to atherosclerotic plaque explaining by aortic samples from established ApoE-/- mice. Therefore, this study provided a theoretical basis of biomimetic nanodrug in the treatment of AS as well as an effective reference for the combined application of nanodrug and clinical drugs.
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Snelder SM, Pouw N, Aga Y, Castro Cabezas M, Biter LU, Zijlstra F, Kardys I, van Dalen BM. Cardiovascular Biomarker Profiles in Obesity and Relation to Normalization of Subclinical Cardiac Dysfunction after Bariatric Surgery. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030422. [PMID: 35159232 PMCID: PMC8834585 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: We aimed to gain insight into the underlying pathophysiology of cardiac dysfunction in obesity patients and the improvement of cardiac function after weight loss. Methods: This is a longitudinal study in which 92 cardiovascular biomarkers were measured by multiplex immunoassays in obesity patients without known cardiovascular disease, before and one year after bariatric surgery. Results: Out of 100 eligible patients, 72 patients completed the follow-up. A total of 72 (78%) biomarkers changed significantly. The biomarkers with the highest relative changes represented processes linked mainly to insulin resistance and inflammation. In the patients with persistent subclinical cardiac dysfunction, the baseline values of 10 biomarkers were different from values in patients with normalization of cardiac function. Most of these biomarkers were linked to inflammation or atherosclerosis. Finally, a model was developed to investigate the relationship between changes in the biomarkers and persistent subclinical cardiac dysfunction. Seven biomarkers were retained in this model, mainly linked to inflammation, atherosclerosis, and hypercoagulability. Conclusion: The majority (78%) of cardiovascular biomarkers changed, pointing mainly to modulation of insulin resistance and inflammation. The baseline levels of 10 biomarkers, as well as pre- to post-bariatric surgery changes in seven biomarkers, were related to persistent subclinical cardiac dysfunction after bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne M. Snelder
- Department of Cardiology, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, 3045 PM Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (S.M.S.); (Y.A.)
| | - Nadine Pouw
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, 3045 PM Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Yaar Aga
- Department of Cardiology, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, 3045 PM Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (S.M.S.); (Y.A.)
| | - Manuel Castro Cabezas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, 3045 PM Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - L. Ulas Biter
- Department of Surgery, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, 3045 PM Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Felix Zijlstra
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (F.Z.); (I.K.)
| | - Isabella Kardys
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (F.Z.); (I.K.)
| | - Bas M. van Dalen
- Department of Cardiology, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, 3045 PM Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (S.M.S.); (Y.A.)
- Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (F.Z.); (I.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-10-4616139
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Ugovšek S, Zupan J, Rehberger Likozar A, Šebeštjen M. Influence of lipid-lowering drugs on inflammation: what is yet to be done? Arch Med Sci 2022; 18:855-869. [PMID: 35832698 PMCID: PMC9266870 DOI: 10.5114/aoms/133936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is associated with risk of cardiovascular events. The best-characterised and well-standardised clinical indicator of inflammation is C-reactive protein. Current evidence-based drug therapies for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases are mainly focused on reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, these drugs do not provide sufficient protection against recurrent cardiovascular events. One of the possible mechanisms behind this recurrence might be the persistence of residual inflammation. For the most commonly used lipid-lowering drugs, the statins, their reduction of cardiovascular events goes beyond lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Here, we review the effects of these lipid-lowering drugs on inflammation, considering statins, ezetimibe, fibrates, niacin, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors, bempedoic acid, ethyl eicosapentaenoic acid and antisense oligonucleotides. We focus in particular on C-reactive protein, and discuss how the effects of the statins might be related to reduced rates of cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Ugovšek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janja Zupan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Miran Šebeštjen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Vascular Diseases, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Department of Cardiology, Slovenia
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El Hadri K, Smith R, Duplus E, El Amri C. Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Senescence in Atherosclerosis: Thioredoxine-1 as an Emerging Therapeutic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010077. [PMID: 35008500 PMCID: PMC8744732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) worldwide and intimately linked to aging. This pathology is characterized by chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, gradual accumulation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) particles and fibrous elements in focal areas of large and medium arteries. These fibrofatty lesions in the artery wall become progressively unstable and thrombogenic leading to heart attack, stroke or other severe heart ischemic syndromes. Elevated blood levels of LDL are major triggering events for atherosclerosis. A cascade of molecular and cellular events results in the atherosclerotic plaque formation, evolution, and rupture. Moreover, the senescence of multiple cell types present in the vasculature were reported to contribute to atherosclerotic plaque progression and destabilization. Classical therapeutic interventions consist of lipid-lowering drugs, anti-inflammatory and life style dispositions. Moreover, targeting oxidative stress by developing innovative antioxidant agents or boosting antioxidant systems is also a well-established strategy. Accumulation of senescent cells (SC) is also another important feature of atherosclerosis and was detected in various models. Hence, targeting SCs appears as an emerging therapeutic option, since senolytic agents favorably disturb atherosclerotic plaques. In this review, we propose a survey of the impact of inflammation, oxidative stress, and senescence in atherosclerosis; and the emerging therapeutic options, including thioredoxin-based approaches such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-atherogenic strategy with promising potential of senomodulation.
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Decoy Technology as a Promising Therapeutic Tool for Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094420. [PMID: 33922585 PMCID: PMC8122884 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been classified into several types of disease, of which atherosclerosis is the most prevalent. Atherosclerosis is characterized as an inflammatory chronic disease which is caused by the formation of lesions in the arterial wall. Subsequently, lesion progression and disruption ultimately lead to heart disease and stroke. The development of atherosclerosis is the underlying cause of approximately 50% of all deaths in westernized societies. Countless studies have aimed to improve therapeutic approaches for atherosclerosis treatment; however, it remains high on the global list of challenges toward healthy and long lives. Some patients with familial hypercholesterolemia could not get intended LDL-C goals even with high doses of traditional therapies such as statins, with many of them being unable to tolerate statins because of the harsh side effects. Furthermore, even in patients achieving target LDL-C levels, the residual risk of traditional therapies is still significant thus highlighting the necessity of ongoing research for more effective therapeutic approaches with minimal side effects. Decoy-based drug candidates represent an opportunity to inhibit regulatory pathways that promote atherosclerosis. In this review, the potential roles of decoys in the treatment of atherosclerosis were described based on the in vitro and in vivo findings.
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11
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Gülcan HO, Orhan IE. General Perspectives for the Treatment of Atherosclerosis. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180817999201016154400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:
Atherosclerosis, a cardiovascular disease, is at the top of the list among the diseases leading
to death. Although the biochemical and pathophysiological cascades involved within the development
of atherosclerosis have been identified clearly, its nature is quite complex to be treated with
a single agent targeting a pathway. Therefore, many natural and synthetic compounds have been
suggested for the treatment of the disease. The majority of the drugs employed target one of the
single components of the pathological outcomes, resulting in many times less effective and longterm
treatments. In most cases, treatment options prevent further worsening of the symptoms rather
than a radical treatment. Consequently, the current review has been prepared to focus on the validated
and non-validated targets of atherosclerosis as well as the alternative treatment options such
as hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, acyl-CoA cholesterol
acyl transferase (ACAT) inhibitors, lipoprotein lipase stimulants, bile acid sequestrants, and some
antioxidants. Related to the topic, both synthetic compounds designed employing medicinal chemistry
skills and natural molecules becoming more popular in drug development are scrutinized in this
mini review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayrettin Ozan Gülcan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, TR. North Cyprus, via Mersin 10,Turkey
| | - Ilkay Erdogan Orhan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara- 06300,Turkey
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Sethi NJ, Safi S, Korang SK, Hróbjartsson A, Skoog M, Gluud C, Jakobsen JC. Antibiotics for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 2:CD003610. [PMID: 33704780 PMCID: PMC8094925 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd003610.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of mortality worldwide with approximately 7.4 million deaths each year. People with established coronary heart disease have a high risk of subsequent cardiovascular events including myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular death. Antibiotics might prevent such outcomes due to their antibacterial, antiinflammatory, and antioxidative effects. However, a randomised clinical trial and several observational studies have suggested that antibiotics may increase the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. Furthermore, several non-Cochrane Reviews, that are now outdated, have assessed the effects of antibiotics for coronary heart disease and have shown conflicting results. No previous systematic review using Cochrane methodology has assessed the effects of antibiotics for coronary heart disease. OBJECTIVES We assessed the benefits and harms of antibiotics compared with placebo or no intervention for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, SCI-EXPANDED, and BIOSIS in December 2019 in order to identify relevant trials. Additionally, we searched TRIP, Google Scholar, and nine trial registries in December 2019. We also contacted 11 pharmaceutical companies and searched the reference lists of included trials, previous systematic reviews, and other types of reviews. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised clinical trials assessing the effects of antibiotics versus placebo or no intervention for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in adult participants (≥18 years). Trials were included irrespective of setting, blinding, publication status, publication year, language, and reporting of our outcomes. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Three review authors independently extracted data. Our primary outcomes were all-cause mortality, serious adverse event according to the International Conference on Harmonization - Good Clinical Practice (ICH-GCP), and quality of life. Our secondary outcomes were cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, and sudden cardiac death. Our primary time point of interest was at maximum follow-up. Additionally, we extracted outcome data at 24±6 months follow-up. We assessed the risks of systematic errors using Cochrane 'Rosk of bias' tool. We calculated risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dichotomous outcomes. We calculated absolute risk reduction (ARR) or increase (ARI) and number needed to treat for an additional beneficial outcome (NNTB) or for an additional harmful outcome (NNTH) if the outcome result showed a beneficial or harmful effect, respectively. The certainty of the body of evidence was assessed by GRADE. MAIN RESULTS We included 38 trials randomising a total of 26,638 participants (mean age 61.6 years), with 23/38 trials reporting data on 26,078 participants that could be meta-analysed. Three trials were at low risk of bias and the 35 remaining trials were at high risk of bias. Trials assessing the effects of macrolides (28 trials; 22,059 participants) and quinolones (two trials; 4162 participants) contributed with the vast majority of the data. Meta-analyses at maximum follow-up showed that antibiotics versus placebo or no intervention seemed to increase the risk of all-cause mortality (RR 1.06; 95% CI 0.99 to 1.13; P = 0.07; I2 = 0%; ARI 0.48%; NNTH 208; 25,774 participants; 20 trials; high certainty of evidence), stroke (RR 1.14; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.29; P = 0.04; I2 = 0%; ARI 0.73%; NNTH 138; 14,774 participants; 9 trials; high certainty of evidence), and probably also cardiovascular mortality (RR 1.11; 95% CI 0.98 to 1.25; P = 0.11; I2= 0%; 4674 participants; 2 trials; moderate certainty of evidence). Little to no difference was observed when assessing the risk of myocardial infarction (RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.88 to 1.03; P = 0.23; I2 = 0%; 25,523 participants; 17 trials; high certainty of evidence). No evidence of a difference was observed when assessing sudden cardiac death (RR 1.08; 95% CI 0.90 to 1.31; P = 0.41; I2 = 0%; 4520 participants; 2 trials; moderate certainty of evidence). Meta-analyses at 24±6 months follow-up showed that antibiotics versus placebo or no intervention increased the risk of all-cause mortality (RR 1.25; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.48; P = 0.007; I2 = 0%; ARI 1.26%; NNTH 79 (95% CI 335 to 42); 9517 participants; 6 trials; high certainty of evidence), cardiovascular mortality (RR 1.50; 95% CI 1.17 to 1.91; P = 0.001; I2 = 0%; ARI 1.12%; NNTH 89 (95% CI 261 to 49); 9044 participants; 5 trials; high certainty of evidence), and probably also sudden cardiac death (RR 1.77; 95% CI 1.28 to 2.44; P = 0.0005; I2 = 0%; ARI 1.9%; NNTH 53 (95% CI 145 to 28); 4520 participants; 2 trials; moderate certainty of evidence). No evidence of a difference was observed when assessing the risk of myocardial infarction (RR 0.95; 95% CI 0.82 to 1.11; P = 0.53; I2 = 43%; 9457 participants; 5 trials; moderate certainty of evidence) and stroke (RR 1.17; 95% CI 0.90 to 1.52; P = 0.24; I2 = 0%; 9457 participants; 5 trials; high certainty of evidence). Meta-analyses of trials at low risk of bias differed from the overall analyses when assessing cardiovascular mortality at maximum follow-up. For all other outcomes, meta-analyses of trials at low risk of bias did not differ from the overall analyses. None of the trials specifically assessed serious adverse event according to ICH-GCP. No data were found on quality of life. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Our present review indicates that antibiotics (macrolides or quinolones) for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease seem harmful when assessing the risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and stroke at maximum follow-up and all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and sudden cardiac death at 24±6 months follow-up. Current evidence does, therefore, not support the clinical use of macrolides and quinolones for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Future trials on the safety of macrolides or quinolones for the secondary prevention in patients with coronary heart disease do not seem ethical. In general, randomised clinical trials assessing the effects of antibiotics, especially macrolides and quinolones, need longer follow-up so that late-occurring adverse events can also be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naqash J Sethi
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, The Capital Region of Denmark, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sanam Safi
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, The Capital Region of Denmark, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steven Kwasi Korang
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, The Capital Region of Denmark, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Asbjørn Hróbjartsson
- Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Odense (CEBMO) and Cochrane Denmark, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Open Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maria Skoog
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, The Capital Region of Denmark, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Clinical Study Support, Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christian Gluud
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, The Capital Region of Denmark, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group, Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, The Capital Region of Denmark, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Janus C Jakobsen
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, The Capital Region of Denmark, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group, Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, The Capital Region of Denmark, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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13
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Ke LY, Law SH, Mishra VK, Parveen F, Chan HC, Lu YH, Chu CS. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Electronegative Lipoproteins in Cardiovascular Diseases. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120550. [PMID: 33260304 PMCID: PMC7760527 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of glucose and lipid metabolism increases plasma levels of lipoproteins and triglycerides, resulting in vascular endothelial damage. Remarkably, the oxidation of lipid and lipoprotein particles generates electronegative lipoproteins that mediate cellular deterioration of atherosclerosis. In this review, we examined the core of atherosclerotic plaque, which is enriched by byproducts of lipid metabolism and lipoproteins, such as oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) and electronegative subfraction of LDL (LDL(−)). We also summarized the chemical properties, receptors, and molecular mechanisms of LDL(−). In combination with other well-known markers of inflammation, namely metabolic diseases, we concluded that LDL(−) can be used as a novel prognostic tool for these lipid disorders. In addition, through understanding the underlying pathophysiological molecular routes for endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, we may reassess current therapeutics and might gain a new direction to treat atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, mainly targeting LDL(−) clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Yin Ke
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (L.-Y.K.); (S.H.L.); (V.K.M.); (F.P.)
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine and Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan; (H.-C.C.); (Y.-H.L.)
| | - Shi Hui Law
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (L.-Y.K.); (S.H.L.); (V.K.M.); (F.P.)
| | - Vineet Kumar Mishra
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (L.-Y.K.); (S.H.L.); (V.K.M.); (F.P.)
| | - Farzana Parveen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (L.-Y.K.); (S.H.L.); (V.K.M.); (F.P.)
| | - Hua-Chen Chan
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan; (H.-C.C.); (Y.-H.L.)
| | - Ye-Hsu Lu
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan; (H.-C.C.); (Y.-H.L.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of International Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sheng Chu
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan; (H.-C.C.); (Y.-H.L.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of International Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-73121101 (ext. 2297); Fax: +886-73111996
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14
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Abstract
The development of potent cholesterol-reducing medications in the last decade of the twentieth century has altered the approach to prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Initial experience with statins, and more recently with the addition of PCSK9 inhibitors, has proven that human CVD, like that in animal models, can be halted and regressed. Available clinical data show that the lower the achieved level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, the greater the regression of disease. Investigative studies are now aimed to understand those factors that both accelerate and impede this healing process. Some of these are likely to be modifiable, and the future of atherosclerotic CVD treatment is likely to be early screening, use of measures to repair atherosclerotic arteries, and prevention of most CVD events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira J Goldberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA;
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA;
| | - Edward A Fisher
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA;
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15
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Manzoor S, Hoda N. A comprehensive review of monoamine oxidase inhibitors as Anti-Alzheimer's disease agents: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 206:112787. [PMID: 32942081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidases (MAO-A and MAO-B) are mammalian flavoenzyme, which catalyze the oxidative deamination of several neurotransmitters like norepinephrine, dopamine, tyramine, serotonin, and some other amines. The oxidative deamination produces several harmful side products like ammonia, peroxides, and aldehydes during the biochemical reaction. The concentration of biochemical neurotransmitter alteration in the brain by MAO is directly related with several neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease (PD). Activated MAO also contributes to the amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation by two successive cleft β-secretase and γ-secretase of amyloid precursor protein (APP). Additionally, activated MAO is also involved in aggregation of neurofibrillary tangles and cognitive destruction through the cholinergic neuronal damage and disorder of the cholinergic system. MAO inhibition has general anti-Alzheimer's disease effect as a consequence of oxidative stress reduction prompted by MAO enzymes. In this review, we outlined and addressed recent understanding on MAO enzymes such as their structure, physiological function, catalytic mechanism, and possible therapeutic goals in AD. In addition, it also highlights the current development and discovery of potential MAO inhibitors (MAOIs) from various chemical scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoaib Manzoor
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Nasimul Hoda
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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16
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Aguirre-Joya JA, Chacón-Garza LE, Valdivia-Najár G, Arredondo-Valdés R, Castro-López C, Ventura-Sobrevilla JM, Aguilar-Gonzáles CN, Boone-Villa D. Nanosystems of plant-based pigments and its relationship with oxidative stress. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 143:111433. [PMID: 32569796 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Plant-based pigments are widely present in nature, they are classified depending on their chemical structure as tetrapyrroles, carotenoids, polyphenolic compounds, and alkaloids and are extensively used in medicine, food industry, clothes, and others. Recently they have been investigated due to their role in the areas of food processing, food safety and quality, packaging, and nutrition. Many studies indicate a relationship between bioactive pigments and Non-Communicable Diseases derived from oxidative stress. Their biological applications can help in preventing oxidative injuries in the cell caused by oxygen and nitrogen reactive species. Those pigments are easily degraded by light, oxygen, temperature, pH conditions, among others. Nanotechnology offers the possibility to protect bioactive ingredients and increase its bioavailability after oral administration. Safety to humans (mainly evaluated from toxicity data) is the first concern for these products. In the present work, we present a comprehensive outlook of the most important plant-based pigments used as food colorants, the principal nanotechnology systems prepared with them, and the relationship of these compounds with the oxidative stress and related Non-Communicable Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Aguirre-Joya
- School of Health Science, Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, Unidad Norte, Piedras Negras, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Luis E Chacón-Garza
- School of Health Science, Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, Unidad Norte, Piedras Negras, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Valdivia-Najár
- CONACYT - Department of Food Technology, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Roberto Arredondo-Valdés
- Nanobioscience Group, Chemistry School, Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, Blvd. V. Carranza e Ing. J. Cardenas V., Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico; Research Group of Chemist Pharmacist Biologist, Chemistry School, Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, Blvd. V. Carranza e Ing. J. Cardenas V., Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Castro-López
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biotechnology of Dairy Products, Research Centre in Food & Development, A.C (CIAD, A.C.), Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas Highway, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | | | - Cristóbal N Aguilar-Gonzáles
- Food Research Group, Chemistry School, Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, Blvd. V. Carranza e Ing. J. Cardenas V., Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Daniel Boone-Villa
- School of Medicine North Unit, Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, Unidad Norte, Piedras Negras, Coahuila, Mexico.
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17
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Biscetti F, Nardella E, Cecchini AL, Flex A, Landolfi R. Biomarkers of vascular disease in diabetes: the adipose-immune system cross talk. Intern Emerg Med 2020; 15:381-393. [PMID: 31919781 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-019-02270-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and clinical studies aimed at investigating the mechanism(s) underlying vascular complications of diabetes indicate that a great number of molecules are involved in the pathogenesis of these complications. Most of these molecules are inflammatory mediators or markers generated by immune or adipose tissue. Some of them, i.e. resistin and sortilin, have been shown to be involved in the cross talk between adipocytes and inflammatory cells. This interaction is an attractive area of research, particularly in type 2 diabetes and obesity. Other proteins, such as adiponectin and visfatin, appear to be more promising as possible vascular markers. In addition, some molecules involved in calcium/phosphorus metabolism, such as klotho and FGF23, have an involvement in the pathogenesis of diabetic vasculopathy, which appears to be dependent on the degree of vascular impairment. Inflammatory markers are a promising tool for treatment decisions while measuring plasma levels of adipokines, sortilin, Klotho and FGF23 in adequately sized longitudinal studies is expected to allow a more precise characterization of diabetic vascular disease and the optimal use of personalized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Biscetti
- U.O.C. Clinica Medica e Malattie Vascolari, Catholic University School of Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Genetics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Nardella
- U.O.C. Clinica Medica e Malattie Vascolari, Catholic University School of Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Leonardo Cecchini
- U.O.C. Clinica Medica e Malattie Vascolari, Catholic University School of Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Flex
- U.O.C. Clinica Medica e Malattie Vascolari, Catholic University School of Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- U.O.S.A Medicina delle Malattie Vascolari Periferiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Landolfi
- U.O.C. Clinica Medica e Malattie Vascolari, Catholic University School of Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
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18
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Tardif JC, Dubé MP, Pfeffer MA, Waters DD, Koenig W, Maggioni AP, McMurray JJV, Mooser V, White HD, Heinonen T, Black DM, Guertin MC. Study design of Dal-GenE, a pharmacogenetic trial targeting reduction of cardiovascular events with dalcetrapib. Am Heart J 2020; 222:157-165. [PMID: 32087417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of precision medicine are to better match patient characteristics with the therapeutic intervention to optimize the chances of beneficial actions while reducing the exposure to unneeded adverse drug experiences. In a retrospective genome-wide association study of the overall neutral placebo-controlled dal-Outcomes trial, the effect of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) modulator dalcetrapib on the composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction or stroke was found to be influenced by a polymorphism in the adenylate cyclase type 9 (ADCY9) gene. Whereas patients with the AA genotype at position rs1967309 experienced fewer cardiovascular events with dalcetrapib, those with the GG genotype had an increased rate and the heterozygous AG genotype exhibited no difference from placebo. Measurements of cholesterol efflux and C-reactive protein (CRP) offered directionally supportive genotype-specific findings. In a separate, smaller, placebo-controlled trial, regression of ultrasonography-determined carotid intimal-medial thickness was only observed in dalcetrapib-treated patients with the AA genotype. Collectively, these observations led to the hypothesis that the cardiovascular effects of dalcetrapib may be pharmacogenetically determined, with a favorable benefit-risk ratio only for patients with this specific genotype. We describe below the design of dal-GenE, a precision medicine, placebo-controlled clinical outcome trial of dalcetrapib in patients with a recent acute myocardial infarction with the unique feature of selecting only those with the AA genotype at rs1967309 in the ADCY9 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie-Pierre Dubé
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; University of Montreal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Center
| | - Marc A Pfeffer
- the Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Wolfgang Koenig
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany, and Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - John J V McMurray
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Vincent Mooser
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harvey D White
- Green Lane Cardiovascular Unit, Auckland City Hospital, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Donald M Black
- DalCor Pharmaceuticals, Montreal, Canada and Sarasota, Florida
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19
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Guo Y, Yang Q, Weng XG, Wang YJ, Hu XQ, Zheng XJ, Li YJ, Zhu XX. Shenlian Extract Against Myocardial Injury Induced by Ischemia Through the Regulation of NF-κB/IκB Signaling Axis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:134. [PMID: 32210797 PMCID: PMC7069067 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD), caused predominantly by atherosclerosis, is a leading cause of global mortality. Our previous studies showed that Shenlian extract (SL) could prevent the formation of atherosclerosis and enhance the stability of atherosclerotic plaques. To further investigate the protective effects of SL on myocardial ischemic injury and its possible mechanisms, anesthetized dogs, ex vivo rat hearts, and H9c2 cardiomyocytes were used as models. The results showed that SL had a significant protective effect on the anesthetized dog ligating coronary artery model, reduced the degree of myocardial ischemia (Σ-ST), and reduced the scope of myocardial ischemia (N-ST). Meanwhile, SL alleviated ischemic reperfusion damage in ex vivo rat hearts with improved LVEDP and ± dp/dtmax values of the left ventricle. SL reduced the pathological changes of LDH, IL-1β, MDA, and NO contents, all of which are related to the expression of NF-κB. Further analysis by Bio-Plex array and signal pathway blocker revealed that the phosphorylation of IκB was a key factor for SL to inhibit myocardial ischemic injury, and the regulation of SL on IκB was primarily related to degradation of the IκB protein. These results provided dependable evidence that SL could protect against myocardial ischemic injury through the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Guo
- Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Gang Weng
- Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Jie Wang
- Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Qi Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Zheng
- Pharmacy Department, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yu-Jie Li
- Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Xin Zhu
- Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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20
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Guo W, Zhang H, Yang A, Ma P, Sun L, Deng M, Mao C, Xiong J, Sun J, Wang N, Ma S, Nie L, Jiang Y. Homocysteine accelerates atherosclerosis by inhibiting scavenger receptor class B member1 via DNMT3b/SP1 pathway. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 138:34-48. [PMID: 31733201 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.11.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis, which is characterized by lipid accumulation in the atherosclerotic plaque. Increasing evidence supports that as the main receptor of high-density lipoprotein, scavenger receptor class B member 1 (SCARB1) is protective against atherosclerosis. However, the underlying mechanism regarding it in Hcy-mediated atherosclerosis remains unclear. Here, we found the remarkable inhibition of SCARB1 expression in atherosclerotic plaque and Hcy-treated foam cells, whereas overexpression of SCARB1 can suppress lipid accumulation in foam cells following Hcy treatment. Analysis of SCARB1 promoter showed that no significant change of methylation level was observed both in vivo and in vitro under Hcy treatment. Moreover, it was found that the negative regulation of DNMT3b on SCARB1 was due to the decreased recruitment of SP1 to SCARB1 promoter. Thus, we concluded that inhibition of SCARB1 expression induced by DNMT3b at least partly accelerated Hcy-mediated atherosclerosis through promoting lipid accumulation in foam cells, which was attributed to the decreased binding of SP1 to SCARB1 promoter. In our point, these findings will provide novel insight into an epigenetic mechanism for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Yinchuan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research (NingXia Medical University), Yinchuan, China
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center of Ningxia Medical University General Hospital, Yinchuan, China
| | - Anning Yang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Yinchuan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research (NingXia Medical University), Yinchuan, China
| | - Pengjun Ma
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Yinchuan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research (NingXia Medical University), Yinchuan, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Yinchuan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research (NingXia Medical University), Yinchuan, China
| | - Mei Deng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Yinchuan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research (NingXia Medical University), Yinchuan, China
| | - Caiyan Mao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Yinchuan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research (NingXia Medical University), Yinchuan, China
| | - Jiantuan Xiong
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jianmin Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shengchao Ma
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Yinchuan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research (NingXia Medical University), Yinchuan, China
| | - Lihong Nie
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yideng Jiang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China; Ningxia Key Laboratory of Vascular Injury and Repair Research, Yinchuan, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases Research (NingXia Medical University), Yinchuan, China.
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21
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Mbarik M, Poirier SJ, Doiron J, Selka A, Barnett DA, Cormier M, Touaibia M, Surette ME. Phenolic acid phenethylesters and their corresponding ketones: Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase and stability in human blood and HepaRG cells. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2019; 7:e00524. [PMID: 31523435 PMCID: PMC6743424 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) catalyzes the biosynthesis of leukotrienes, potent lipid mediators involved in inflammatory diseases, and both 5-LO and the leukotrienes are validated therapeutic targets. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is an effective inhibitor of 5-LO and leukotriene biosynthesis but is susceptible to hydrolysis by esterases. In this study a number of CAPE analogues were synthesized with modifications to the caffeoyl moiety and the replacement of the ester linkage with a ketone. Several new molecules showed better inhibition of leukotriene biosynthesis than CAPE in isolated human neutrophils and in whole blood with IC50 values in the nanomolar (290-520 nmol/L) and low micromolar (1.0-2.3 µmol/L) ranges, respectively. Sinapic acid and 2,5-dihydroxy derivatives were more stable than CAPE in whole blood, and ketone analogues were degraded more slowly in HepaRG hepatocyte cultures than esters. All compounds underwent modification consistent with glucuronidation in HepaRG cultures as determined using LC-MS/MS analysis, though the modified sinapoyl ketone (10) retained 50% of its inhibitory activity after up to one hour of incubation. This study has identified at least one CAPE analogue, compound 10, that shows favorable properties that warrant further in vivo investigation as an antiinflammatory compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maroua Mbarik
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversité de MonctonMonctonNBCanada
| | - Samuel J. Poirier
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversité de MonctonMonctonNBCanada
| | - Jérémie Doiron
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversité de MonctonMonctonNBCanada
| | - Ayyoub Selka
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversité de MonctonMonctonNBCanada
| | | | - Marc Cormier
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversité de MonctonMonctonNBCanada
| | - Mohamed Touaibia
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversité de MonctonMonctonNBCanada
| | - Marc E. Surette
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversité de MonctonMonctonNBCanada
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22
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Cholesterol versus Inflammation as Cause of Chronic Diseases. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102332. [PMID: 31581553 PMCID: PMC6835531 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tsoupras and colleagues have postulated, in a recent review in Nutrients, that the key to reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease is to control the activities of inflammatory mediators such as platelet-activating factor (PAF) by diet, exercise, and healthy lifestyle choices [...].
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23
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Red Wine Grape Pomace Attenuates Atherosclerosis and Myocardial Damage and Increases Survival in Association with Improved Plasma Antioxidant Activity in a Murine Model of Lethal Ischemic Heart Disease. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092135. [PMID: 31500172 PMCID: PMC6770693 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A healthy dietary pattern and high quality nutrient intake reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk. Red wine grape pomace (RWGP)—a rich natural source of dietary fiber and antioxidants—appears to be a potential functional food ingredient. The impact of a dietary supplementation with RWGP flour was evaluated in atherogenic diet-fed SR-B1 KO/ApoER61h/h mice, a model of lethal ischemic heart disease. SR-B1 KO/ApoER61h/h mice were fed with atherogenic (high fat, cholesterol, and cholic acid, HFC) diet supplemented with: (a) 20% chow (HFC-Control), (b) 20% RWGP flour (HFC-RWGP), or (c) 10% chow/10% oat fiber (HFC-Fiber); and survival time was evaluated. In addition, SR-B1 KO/ApoER61h/h mice were fed for 7 or 14 days with HFC-Control or HFC-RWGP diets and plasma lipid levels, inflammation, oxidative damage, and antioxidant activity were measured. Atherosclerosis and myocardial damage were assessed by histology and magnetic resonance imaging, respectively. Supplementation with RWGP reduced premature death, changed TNF-α and IL-10 levels, and increased plasma antioxidant activity. Moreover, decreased atheromatous aortic and brachiocephalic plaque sizes and attenuated myocardial infarction and dysfunction were also observed. These results suggest that RWGP flour intake may be used as a non-pharmacological therapeutic approach, contributing to decreased progression of atherosclerosis, reduced coronary heart disease, and improved cardiovascular outcomes.
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24
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Verweij SL, Duivenvoorden R, Stiekema LCA, Nurmohamed NS, van der Valk FM, Versloot M, Verberne HJ, Stroes ESG, Nahrendorf M, Bekkering S, Bernelot Moens SJ. CCR2 expression on circulating monocytes is associated with arterial wall inflammation assessed by 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients at risk for cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:468-475. [PMID: 29186373 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Circulating monocytes infiltrate the plaque and differentiate into macrophages, contributing to an inflammatory environment which is associated with higher risk of cardiovascular events. Although the pivotal role of circulating monocytes in plaque inflammation has been firmly established, the search continues to identify specific monocyte subsets that may be especially atherogenic. Therefore, we evaluated the relation between monocyte phenotype, particularly surface receptor expression, and arterial wall inflammation in patients at increased cardiovascular risk. Methods and results We performed a multivariate linear regression analysis in 79 patients at increased cardiovascular risk who had both an 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography to assess arterial wall inflammation and extensive monocyte characterization (using flow cytometry). We found that CCR2, a monocyte chemokine receptor essential for transmigration, significantly correlates with arterial wall inflammation. This relationship was independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and statin use (β = 0.429, P = 0.015). We found no relation between arterial wall inflammation and monocyte count or monocyte subsets, namely CD14+CD16-, CD14+CD16+, CD14+CD16 ++, CCR5+, CD18+, CD11b+, or CD11c+ monocytes. Conclusion Monocyte CCR2 expression is associated with arterial wall inflammation in patients at increased cardiovascular risk. Our data warrant further studies to assess if inhibition of CCR2 may attenuate atherosclerotic plaque inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone L Verweij
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Raphaël Duivenvoorden
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Nephrology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte C A Stiekema
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nick S Nurmohamed
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fleur M van der Valk
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Miranda Versloot
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hein J Verberne
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik S G Stroes
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Siroon Bekkering
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie J Bernelot Moens
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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25
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Hu Q, Myers M, Fang W, Yao M, Brummer G, Hawj J, Smart C, Berkland C, Cheng N. Role of ALDH1A1 and HTRA2 expression in CCL2/CCR2-mediated breast cancer cell growth and invasion. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.040873. [PMID: 31208996 PMCID: PMC6679398 DOI: 10.1242/bio.040873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines mediate immune cell trafficking during tissue development, wound healing and infection. The chemokine CCL2 is best known to regulate macrophage recruitment during wound healing, infection and inflammatory diseases. While the importance of CCL2/CCR2 signaling in macrophages during cancer progression is well documented, we recently showed that CCL2-mediated breast cancer progression depends on CCR2 expression in carcinoma cells. Using 3D Matrigel: Collagen cultures of SUM225 and DCIS.com breast cancer cells, this study characterized the mechanisms of CCL2/CCR2 signaling in cell growth and invasion. SUM225 cells, which expressed lower levels of CCR2 than DCIS.com cells, formed symmetrical spheroids in Matrigel: Collagen, and were not responsive to CCL2 treatment. DCIS.com cells formed asymmetric cell clusters in Matrigel: Collagen. CCL2 treatment increased growth, decreased expression of E-cadherin and increased TWIST1 expression. CCR2 overexpression in SUM225 cells increased responsiveness to CCL2 treatment, enhancing growth and invasion. These phenotypes corresponded to increased expression of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) and decreased expression of the mitochondrial serine protease HTRA2. CCR2 deficiency in DCIS.com cells inhibited CCL2-mediated growth and invasion, corresponding to decreased ALDH1A1 expression and increased HTRA2 expression. ALDH1A1 and HTRA2 expression were modulated in CCR2-deficient and CCR2-overexpressing cell lines. We found that ALDH1A1 and HTRA2 regulates CCR2-mediated breast cancer cell growth and cellular invasion in a CCL2/CCR2 context-dependent manner. These data provide novel insight on the mechanisms of chemokine signaling in breast cancer cell growth and invasion, with important implications on targeted therapeutics for anti-cancer treatment. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: Chemokines are known to regulate immune cell recruitment during inflammation. This report characterizes novel molecular mechanisms through which CCL2/CCR2 chemokine signaling in breast cancer cells regulates growth and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingting Hu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Megan Myers
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Min Yao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Gage Brummer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Justin Hawj
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Curtis Smart
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Cory Berkland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Nikki Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA .,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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26
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Monoamine Oxidase-Related Vascular Oxidative Stress in Diseases Associated with Inflammatory Burden. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8954201. [PMID: 31178977 PMCID: PMC6501417 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8954201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidases (MAO) with 2 isoforms, A and B, located at the outer mitochondrial membrane are flavoenzyme membranes with a major role in the metabolism of monoaminergic neurotransmitters and biogenic amines in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues, respectively. In the process of oxidative deamination, aldehydes, hydrogen peroxide, and ammonia are constantly generated as potential deleterious by-products. While being systematically studied for decades as sources of reactive oxygen species in brain diseases, compelling evidence nowadays supports the role of MAO-related oxidative stress in cardiovascular and metabolic pathologies. Indeed, oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are the most common pathomechanisms of the main noncommunicable diseases of our century. MAO inhibition with the new generation of reversible and selective drugs has recently emerged as a pharmacological strategy aimed at mitigating both processes. The aim of this minireview is to summarize available information regarding the contribution of MAO to the vascular oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in hypertension, metabolic disorders, and chronic kidney disease, all conditions associated with increased inflammatory burden.
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27
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Arbel Y, Abuzeid W, Rosenson RS, Weisman A, Farkouh ME. Old Drugs for New Indications in Cardiovascular Medicine. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2019; 32:223-232. [PMID: 29633048 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-018-6785-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation participates in the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and it is a critical inciting factor leading to acute ischemic events. Evidence has shown that certain anti-inflammatory medications used to treat non-atherosclerotic inflammatory diseases reduce cardiovascular events. This article reviews evidence that commonly used anti-inflammatory therapies (colchicine, allopurinol, methotrexate), reduce cardiovascular events. We discuss potential mechanisms of action, efficacy, and safety of these therapies and propose a clinical trials design to investigate their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaron Arbel
- Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, affiliated to the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Wael Abuzeid
- Schulich Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Ontario, Canada, affiliated with the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert S Rosenson
- Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, USA
| | - Alanna Weisman
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael E Farkouh
- Peter Munk Centre, Heart & Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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28
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Li H, Lee DJ. Epidemiology and Immunopathogenesis of Psoriasis and Its Comorbidities. CURRENT DERMATOLOGY REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13671-018-0243-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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29
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Kalinkovich A, Gabdulina G, Livshits G. Autoimmunity, inflammation, and dysbiosis mutually govern the transition from the preclinical to the clinical stage of rheumatoid arthritis. Immunol Res 2018; 66:696-709. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-018-9048-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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30
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Zhang JY, Bai QK, Zhang YD. Pretreatment with simvastatin upregulates expression of BK-2R and CD11b in the ischemic penumbra of rats. J Biomed Res 2018; 32:354-360. [PMID: 29784898 PMCID: PMC6163114 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.32.20160152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductases, collectively known as statins, have been shown to minimize cerebral ischemic events in patients. We assessed the mechanisms of simvastatin pretreatment in preventing cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats using a model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Rats were pretreated with simvastatin 14 days prior to MCAO induction. At 3, 24, and 48 hours after reperfusion, bradykinin levels in the ischemic penumbra were assayed by ELISA, mRNA levels of bradykinin B2 receptors (BK-2Rs) and CD11b were measured by fluorescent quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR), and co-expression of microglia and BK-2Rs was determined by immunofluorescence. Simvastatin had no effect on bradykinin expression in the ischemic penumbra at any time point. However, the levels of BK-2R and CD11b mRNA in the ischemic penumbra, which were significantly decreased 3 hours after ischemia-reperfusion, were increased in simvastatin-pretreated rats. Moreover, the co-expression of BK-2Rs and microglia was confirmed by immunofluorescence analysis. These results suggest that the beneficial effects of simvastatin pretreatment before cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats may be partially due to increased expression of BK-2R and CD11b in the ischemic penumbra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Pudong People's Hospital, Shanghai 201299, China
| | - Qing-Ke Bai
- Department of Neurology, Pudong People's Hospital, Shanghai 201299, China
| | - Ying-Dong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, China
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31
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Xu J, Ma C, Chen M, Rong S, Gao H, Xia Z, Huang F. Lipingshu capsule improves atherosclerosis associated with lipid regulation and inflammation inhibition in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:182. [PMID: 30064511 PMCID: PMC6069707 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0823-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atherosclerosis (AS) is mainly responsible for cardiovascular diseases. The present study investigated whether Lipingshu capsule (LPS), whose ingredients are present in health food stores, has beneficial effect on AS. Methods C57BL/6 J mice were given a low fat rodent diet and assigned as control group (CON). ApoE−/− mice were placed on high fat rodent diet and randomly separated into high fat diet (HFD) group and HFD + LPS group whose animals were given 0.9 g/kg.BW LPS daily for 10 weeks. Atherosclerotic lesions in aorta and aortic root were evaluated. Serum lipids and multiple cytokine were measured. Results ApoE−/− mice fed with high fat diet had serious aortic lesions, whereas LPS markedly decreased plaque area of the total aorta and of the aortic root. LPS recovered the serum lipid profiles by substantially reducing TC, LDL-C, TG and Ox-LDL contents. Multi-cytokine analysis revealed greater serum levels of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, GMCSF, RANTES and TNF-α induced by high fat diet slumped with LPS treatment. Conclusion LPS reduces atherosclerotic lesions and thus alleviates AS by lipid profile modulation and inflammation inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqu Xu
- Department of Nutriology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2 Xudong Second Road, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2 Xudong Second Road, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Oilseeds processing, Ministry of Agriculture, 2 Xudong Second Road, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Congcong Ma
- Department of Nutriology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2 Xudong Second Road, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2 Xudong Second Road, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Oilseeds processing, Ministry of Agriculture, 2 Xudong Second Road, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Chen
- Department of Nutriology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2 Xudong Second Road, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2 Xudong Second Road, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Oilseeds processing, Ministry of Agriculture, 2 Xudong Second Road, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Rong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, No. 2, Huangjiahu Road, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food HygieneSchool of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zumeng Xia
- Functional Oil Laboratory Associated by Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Infinite (China) Co., LTD., 66 Jianzhong Road, Guangzhou, 510665, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fenghong Huang
- Department of Nutriology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2 Xudong Second Road, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China. .,Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2 Xudong Second Road, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Oilseeds processing, Ministry of Agriculture, 2 Xudong Second Road, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China.
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32
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Bimodal Function of Anti-TNF Treatment: Shall We Be Concerned about Anti-TNF Treatment in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Heart Failure? Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061739. [PMID: 29895751 PMCID: PMC6032136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment with anti-TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor), one of the pivotal cytokines, was introduced to clinical practice at the end of last century and revolutionized the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as well as many other inflammatory conditions. Such a treatment may however bring many safety issues regarding infections, tuberculosis, as well as cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure. Given the central role of proinflammatory cytokines in RA, atherosclerosis, and congestive heart failure (CHF), such a treatment might result in better control of the RA process on the one side and improvement of heart function on the other. Unfortunately, at the beginning of this century two randomized controlled trials failed to show any benefit of anti-TNF treatment in patients with heart failure (HF), suggesting direct negative impact of the treatment on morbidity and mortality in HF patients. As a result the anti-TNF treatment is contraindicated in all patients with heart failure and a substantial portion of patients with RA and impaired heart function are not able to benefit from the treatment. The role of TNF in CHF and RA differs substantially with regard to the source and pathophysiological function of the cytokine in both conditions, therefore negative data from CHF studies should be interpreted with caution. At least some of RA patients with heart failure may benefit from anti-TNF treatment, as it results not only in the reduction of inflammation but also contributes significantly to the improvement of cardiac function. The paper addresses the epidemiological data of safety of anti-TNF treatment in RA patients with the special emphasis to basic pathophysiological mechanisms via which TNF may act differently in both diseases.
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33
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Jones DS, Jenney AP, Joughin BA, Sorger PK, Lauffenburger DA. Inflammatory but not mitogenic contexts prime synovial fibroblasts for compensatory signaling responses to p38 inhibition. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/520/eaal1601. [PMID: 29511118 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aal1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that causes joint pain, swelling, and loss of function. Development of effective new drugs has proven challenging in part because of the complexities and interconnected nature of intracellular signaling networks that complicate the effects of pharmacological interventions. We characterized the kinase signaling pathways that are activated in RA and evaluated the multivariate effects of targeted inhibitors. Synovial fluids from RA patients activated the kinase signaling pathways JAK, JNK, p38, and MEK in synovial fibroblasts (SFs), a stromal cell type that promotes RA progression. Kinase inhibitors enhanced signaling of "off-target" pathways in a manner dependent on stimulatory context. Inhibitors of p38, which have been widely explored in clinical trials for RA, resulted in undesirable increases in nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), JNK, and MEK signaling in SFs in inflammatory, but not mitogenic, contexts. This was mediated by the transcription factor CREB, which functions in part within a negative feedback loop in MAPK signaling. CREB activation was induced predominately by p38 in response to inflammatory stimuli, but by MEK in response to mitogenic stimuli; hence, the effects of drugs targeting p38 or MEK were markedly different in SFs cultured under mitogenic or inflammatory conditions. Together, these findings illustrate how stimulatory context can alter dominance in pathway cross-talk even for a fixed network topology, thereby providing a rationale for why p38 inhibitors deliver limited benefits in RA and demonstrating the need for careful consideration of p38-targeted drugs in inflammation-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas S Jones
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anne P Jenney
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brian A Joughin
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Peter K Sorger
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Library of Integrated Network-based Cellular Signatures Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. .,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Yirui Capsules Alleviate Atherosclerosis by Improving the Lipid Profile and Reducing Inflammation in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10020142. [PMID: 29382111 PMCID: PMC5852718 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the main cause of cardiovascular diseases. This study investigated Yirui (YR) capsules, whose ingredients are available in health food stores, against AS and the underlying mechanisms. Male apolipoprotein E-deficient mice fed a high-fat diet for 10 weeks developed severe aortic lesions, but YR significantly decreased the plaque area in the total aorta and aortic root. YR affected the serum lipid profile by significantly reducing total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), and oxidative modification of LDL-C (Ox-LDL) levels. In addition, multi-cytokine analysis revealed that higher serum levels of interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-3 (IL-3), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-27 (IL-27), tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma, and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), which were induced by a high-fat diet, declined with YR treatment. These results suggest that YR reduces the atherosclerotic plaque burden, thereby alleviating AS by modulating the lipid profile and inhibiting inflammation.
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Bermúdez V, Rojas-Quintero J, Velasco M. The quest for immunotherapy in atherosclerosis: CANTOS study, interleukin-1β and vascular inflammation. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:64-69. [PMID: 29600023 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.12.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Valmore Bermúdez
- Grupo de Investigación Altos Estudios de Frontera (ALEF), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Colombia.,Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Joselyn Rojas-Quintero
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Manuel Velasco
- Clinical Pharmacologic Unit, Vargas Medical School, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
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Cardiometabolic Comorbidities in Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010058. [PMID: 29295598 PMCID: PMC5796008 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is solid epidemiologic evidence linking psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) to cardiovascular risk factors and an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Chronic inflammation, with shared pathways and cytokines common to metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis and psoriasis, might provide the basis for the cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities of psoriasis and PsA. The purpose of this manuscript is to review recent evidence about the epidemiology and underlying mechanisms of cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular disease in patients with psoriasis and/or PsA; the use of analytical determinations, physiologic measures and imaging techniques as surrogate biomarkers of atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease in these patients; and the epidemiological and clinical data, including results of clinical trials, supporting a cardioprotective role of anti-inflammatory and disease-modifying treatment in psoriasis and PsA.
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Hamilton JA, Hasturk H, Kantarci A, Serhan CN, Van Dyke T. Atherosclerosis, Periodontal Disease, and Treatment with Resolvins. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2017; 19:57. [PMID: 29110146 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-017-0696-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to discuss the existing evidence on the link between atherosclerosis and periodontitis by particularly presenting new findings that link the pathology and therapy of these diseases. Acute vascular ischemic events that can lead to stroke or myocardial infarction are initiated by inflammatory processes leading to rupture or erosion of plaques susceptible to thrombosis ("high risk" or "vulnerable"). These are highly inflamed plaques residing in the media and adventitia that may not be detected by angiography measurments of luminal narrowing. Statistically significant excess risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease has been reported in persons with periodontitis independent of established risk factors. We hypothesized that the systemic pathologic links also represent potential therapeutic links. RECENT FINDINGS We recently demonstrated that periodontal inflammation promotes atherosclerotic plaque inflammation and destabilization. As discrete pathological regions, these plaques with a high susceptibility to rupture can be imaged and differentiated from lower risk plaques. In cholesterol-fed rabbits with periodontal disease, circulating inflammatory mediators were also significantly elevated thereby contributing to "vulnerable blood," a systemic characteristic of high risk for cardiovascular events. New studies show that certain lipid mediators, including lipoxins and resolvins, are potent in preventing and possibly treating a number of inflammation-associated diseases, including periodontitis and vascular inflammation. The concept of the vulnerable patient and the pro-resolving approach open new terrain for discovery of paradigm-changing therapies for the prevention and treatment of two of the most common diseases of man. Importantly, lipoxins and resolvins are natural receptor agonists that do not exhibit the same pro-atherogenic side effects attributed to anti-inflammatory medications (e.g., NSAIDs) but rather coordinate resolution of inflammation and a return to homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Hamilton
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, 700 Albany Street, W302, Boston, MA, 02118-2526, USA.
| | - Hatice Hasturk
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Alpdogan Kantarci
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Thomas Van Dyke
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The Forsyth Institute, 245 First Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
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Sethi NJ, Safi S, Korang SK, Hróbjartsson A, Skoog M, Gluud C, Jakobsen JC. Antibiotics for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Hippokratia 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd003610.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naqash J Sethi
- Department 7812, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research; Blegdamsvej 9 Copenhagen Denmark 2100
| | - Sanam Safi
- Department 7812, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research; Blegdamsvej 9 Copenhagen Denmark 2100
| | - Steven Kwasi Korang
- Department 7812, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research; Blegdamsvej 9 Copenhagen Denmark 2100
| | - Asbjørn Hróbjartsson
- Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark; Center for Evidence-Based Medicine; Sdr. Boulevard 29, Gate 50 (Videncenteret) Odense C Denmark 5000
| | - Maria Skoog
- Barsebäcksvägen 39 Löddeköpinge Sweden 24630
| | - Christian Gluud
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Department 7812, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital; The Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group; Blegdamsvej 9 Copenhagen Denmark DK-2100
| | - Janus C Jakobsen
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Department 7812, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital; The Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group; Blegdamsvej 9 Copenhagen Denmark DK-2100
- Holbaek Hospital; Department of Cardiology; Holbaek Denmark 4300
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