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Alberti C, Rizzo F, Anastasia A, Comi G, Corti S, Abati E. Charcot-Marie-tooth disease type 2A: An update on pathogenesis and therapeutic perspectives. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 193:106467. [PMID: 38452947 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding MFN2 have been identified as associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A (CMT2A), a neurological disorder characterized by a broad clinical phenotype involving the entire nervous system. MFN2, a dynamin-like GTPase protein located on the outer mitochondrial membrane, is well-known for its involvement in mitochondrial fusion. Numerous studies have demonstrated its participation in a network crucial for various other mitochondrial functions, including mitophagy, axonal transport, and its controversial role in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria contacts. Considerable progress has been made in the last three decades in elucidating the disease pathogenesis, aided by the generation of animal and cellular models that have been instrumental in studying disease physiology. A review of the literature reveals that, up to now, no definitive pharmacological treatment for any CMT2A variant has been established; nonetheless, recent years have witnessed substantial progress. Many treatment approaches, especially concerning molecular therapy, such as histone deacetylase inhibitors, peptide therapy to increase mitochondrial fusion, the new therapeutic strategies based on MF1/MF2 balance, and SARM1 inhibitors, are currently in preclinical testing. The literature on gene silencing and gene replacement therapies is still limited, except for a recent study by Rizzo et al.(Rizzo et al., 2023), which recently first achieved encouraging results in in vitro and in vivo models of the disease. The near-future goal for these promising therapies is to progress to the stage of clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Alberti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Rizzo
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Anastasia
- Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Comi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Corti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Neuromuscular and Rare Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Abati
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Neurology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
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2
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Getsy PM, Coffee GA, Kelley TJ, Lewis SJ. Male histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) knockout mice have enhanced ventilatory responses to hypoxic challenge. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1332810. [PMID: 38384929 PMCID: PMC10880035 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1332810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is a class II histone deacetylase that is predominantly localized in the cytoplasm of cells. HDAC6 associates with microtubules and regulates acetylation of tubulin and other proteins. The possibility that HDAC6 participates in hypoxic signaling is supported by evidence that 1) hypoxic gas challenges cause microtubule depolymerization, 2) expression of hypoxia inducible factor alpha (HIF-1α) is regulated by microtubule alterations in response to hypoxia, and 3) inhibition of HDAC6 prevents HIF-1α expression and protects tissue from hypoxic/ischemic insults. The aim of this study was to address whether the absence of HDAC6 alters ventilatory responses during and/or after hypoxic gas challenge (10% O2, 90% N2 for 15 min) in adult male wildtype (WT) C57BL/6 mice and HDAC6 knock-out (KO) mice. Key findings were that 1) baseline values for frequency of breathing, tidal volume, inspiratory and expiratory times, and end expiratory pause were different between knock-out mice and wildtype mice, 2) ventilatory responses during hypoxic challenge were more robust in KO mice than WT mice for recorded parameters including, frequency of breathing, minute ventilation, inspiratory and expiratory durations, peak inspiratory and expiratory flows, and inspiratory and expiratory drives, and 3) responses upon return to room-air were markedly different in KO compared to WT mice for frequency of breathing, minute ventilation, inspiratory and expiratory durations, end expiratory pause (but not end inspiratory pause), peak inspiratory and expiratory flows, and inspiratory and expiratory drives. These data suggest that HDAC6 may have a fundamentally important role in regulating the hypoxic ventilatory response in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina M. Getsy
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Gregory A. Coffee
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Thomas J. Kelley
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, CWRU, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Stephen J. Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, CWRU, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Functional Electrical Stimulation Center, CWRU, Cleveland, OH, United States
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3
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Cheng DW, Xu Y, Chen T, Zhen SQ, Meng W, Zhu HL, Liu L, Xie M, Zhen F. Emodin inhibits HDAC6 mediated NLRP3 signaling and relieves chronic inflammatory pain in mice. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:44. [PMID: 38144917 PMCID: PMC10739165 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain reduces the quality of life and ability to function of individuals suffering from it, making it a common public health problem. Neuroinflammation which is mediated by the Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in the spinal cord participates and modulates chronic pain. A chronic inflammatory pain mouse model was created in the current study by intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into C57BL/6J left foot of mice. Following CFA injection, the mice had enhanced pain sensitivities, decreased motor function, increased spinal inflammation and activated spinal astrocytes. Emodin (10 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally into the mice for 3 days. As a result, there were fewer spontaneous flinches, higher mechanical threshold values and greater latency to fall. Additionally, in the spinal cord, emodin administration reduced leukocyte infiltration level, downregulated protein level of IL-1β, lowered histone deacetylase (HDAC)6 and NLRP3 inflammasome activity and suppressed astrocytic activation. Emodin also binds to HDAC6 via four electrovalent bonds. In summary, emodin treatment blocked the HDAC6/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling, suppresses spinal inflammation and alleviates chronic inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Wen Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Yiwen Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xianning Central Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xianning Central Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Qing Zhen
- Department of Pharmacy, Matang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Wei Meng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Li Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Ling Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Min Xie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Fangshou Zhen
- Department of Pharmacy, Matang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
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Calogero AM, Basellini MJ, Isilgan HB, Longhena F, Bellucci A, Mazzetti S, Rolando C, Pezzoli G, Cappelletti G. Acetylated α-Tubulin and α-Synuclein: Physiological Interplay and Contribution to α-Synuclein Oligomerization. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12287. [PMID: 37569662 PMCID: PMC10418364 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence supports that altered α-tubulin acetylation occurs in Parkinson's disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the deposition of α-synuclein fibrillary aggregates within Lewy bodies and nigrostriatal neuron degeneration. Nevertheless, studies addressing the interplay between α-tubulin acetylation and α-synuclein are lacking. Here, we investigated the relationship between α-synuclein and microtubules in primary midbrain murine neurons and the substantia nigra of post-mortem human brains. Taking advantage of immunofluorescence and Proximity Ligation Assay (PLA), a method allowing us to visualize protein-protein interactions in situ, combined with confocal and super-resolution microscopy, we found that α-synuclein and acetylated α-tubulin colocalized and were in close proximity. Next, we employed an α-synuclein overexpressing cellular model and tested the role of α-tubulin acetylation in α-synuclein oligomer formation. We used the α-tubulin deacetylase HDAC6 inhibitor Tubacin to modulate α-tubulin acetylation, and we evaluated the presence of α-synuclein oligomers by PLA. We found that the increase in acetylated α-tubulin significantly induced α-synuclein oligomerization. In conclusion, we unraveled the link between acetylated α-tubulin and α-synuclein and demonstrated that α-tubulin acetylation could trigger the early step of α-synuclein aggregation. These data suggest that the proper regulation of α-tubulin acetylation might be considered a therapeutic strategy to take on PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Maria Calogero
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.J.B.); (H.B.I.); (S.M.); (C.R.)
- Fondazione Grigioni per il Morbo di Parkinson, 20125 Milan, Italy;
| | - Milo Jarno Basellini
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.J.B.); (H.B.I.); (S.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Huseyin Berkcan Isilgan
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.J.B.); (H.B.I.); (S.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Francesca Longhena
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (F.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Arianna Bellucci
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (F.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Samanta Mazzetti
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.J.B.); (H.B.I.); (S.M.); (C.R.)
- Fondazione Grigioni per il Morbo di Parkinson, 20125 Milan, Italy;
| | - Chiara Rolando
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.J.B.); (H.B.I.); (S.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Gianni Pezzoli
- Fondazione Grigioni per il Morbo di Parkinson, 20125 Milan, Italy;
- Parkinson Institute, ASST-Pini-CTO, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Graziella Cappelletti
- Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.J.B.); (H.B.I.); (S.M.); (C.R.)
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
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5
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Getsy PM, Coffee GA, Kelley TJ, Lewis SJ. Male histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) knockout mice have enhanced ventilatory responses to hypoxic challenge. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3005686. [PMID: 37398019 PMCID: PMC10312977 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3005686/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is a class II histone deacetylase that is predominantly localized in the cytoplasm of cells. HDAC6 associates with microtubules, regulating acetylation of tubulin and other proteins. The possibility that HDAC6 participates in hypoxic signaling is supported by evidence that (1) hypoxic gas challenges cause microtubule depolymerization, (2) expression of hypoxia inducible factor alpha (HIF)-1α is regulated by microtubule alterations in response to hypoxia, and (3) inhibition of HDAC6 prevents HIF-1α expression and protects tissue from hypoxic/ischemic insults. The aim of this study was to address whether the absence of HDAC6 alters ventilatory responses during and/or after hypoxic gas challenges (10% O2, 90% N2 for 15 min) in adult male wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice and HDAC6 knockout (KO) mice. Key findings were that (1) baseline values for frequency of breathing, tidal volume, inspiratory and expiratory times and end expiratory pause were different between KO mice and WT mice, (2) ventilatory responses during hypoxic challenge were more robust in KO mice than WT mice for parameters including frequency of breathing, minute ventilation, inspiratory and expiratory durations, peak inspiratory and expiratory flows, inspiratory and expiratory drives, and (3) responses upon return to room-air were markedly different in KO mice than WT mice for frequency of breathing, minute ventilation, inspiratory and expiratory durations, end expiratory (but not end inspiratory) pauses, peak inspiratory and expiratory flows, and inspiratory or expiratory drives. These data suggest that HDAC6 may have a fundamentally important role in regulating the neural responses to hypoxia.
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6
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Li J, Yu M, Fu S, Liu D, Tan Y. Role of Selective Histone Deacetylase 6 Inhibitor ACY-1215 in Cancer and Other Human Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:907981. [PMID: 35652048 PMCID: PMC9149003 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.907981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The deacetylation process regulated by histone deacetylases (HDACs) plays an important role in human health and diseases. HDAC6 belongs to the Class IIb of HDACs family, which mainly modifies non-histone proteins located in the cytoplasm. HDAC6 plays a key role in tumors, neurological diseases, and inflammatory diseases. Therefore, targeting HDAC6 has become a promising treatment strategy in recent years. ACY-1215 is the first orally available highly selective HDAC6 inhibitor, and its efficacy and therapeutic effects are being continuously verified. This review summarizes the research progress of ACY-1215 in cancer and other human diseases, as well as the underlying mechanism, in order to guide the future clinical trials of ACY-1215 and more in-depth mechanism researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China,Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Meihong Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China,Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shifeng Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China,Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Deliang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China,Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Deliang Liu, ; Yuyong Tan,
| | - Yuyong Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China,Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Deliang Liu, ; Yuyong Tan,
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Wang XX, Xie F, Jia CC, Yan N, Zeng YL, Wu JD, Liu ZP. Synthesis and biological evaluation of selective histone deacetylase 6 inhibitors as multifunctional agents against Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 225:113821. [PMID: 34517222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is a potential target for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, a series of novel phenothiazine-, memantine-, and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-γ-carboline-based HDAC6 inhibitors with a variety of linker moieties were designed and synthesized. As a hydrochloride salt, the phenothiazine-based hydroxamic acid W5 with a pyridyl-containing linker motif was identified as a high potent and selective HDAC6 inhibitor. It inhibited HDAC6 with an IC50 of 2.54 nM and was more than 290- to 3300-fold selective over other HDAC isoforms. In SH-SY5Y cells, W5 dose-dependently increased the acetylated α-tubulin levels and reduced the hyperphosphorylated tau proteins at Ser396. As an effective metal chelator, W5 inhibited Cu2+-induced Aβ1-42 aggregation and disaggregated Cu2+-Aβ1-42 oligomers, and showed protective effects on the SH-SY5Y cells against Aβ1-42- as well as Cu2+-Aβ1-42 induced cell damages, serving as a potential ligand to target AD metal dyshomeostasis. Moreover, W5 promoted the differentiated neuronal neurite outgrowth, increased the mRNA expression of the recognized neurogenesis markers, GAP43, N-myc, and MAP-2. Therefore, W5 might be a good lead for the development of novel HDAC6 inhibitors targeting multi-facets of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Xiu Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Cong-Cong Jia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Ning Yan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Yan-Li Zeng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Jing-De Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China.
| | - Zhao-Peng Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China.
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Eira J, Magalhães J, Macedo N, Pero ME, Misgeld T, Sousa MM, Bartolini F, Liz MA. Transthyretin Promotes Axon Growth via Regulation of Microtubule Dynamics and Tubulin Acetylation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:747699. [PMID: 34820375 PMCID: PMC8606651 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.747699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR), a plasma and cerebrospinal fluid protein, increases axon growth and organelle transport in sensory neurons. While neurons extend their axons, the microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton is crucial for the segregation of functional compartments and axonal outgrowth. Herein, we investigated whether TTR promotes axon elongation by modulating MT dynamics. We found that TTR KO mice have an intrinsic increase in dynamic MTs and reduced levels of acetylated α-tubulin in peripheral axons. In addition, they failed to modulate MT dynamics in response to sciatic nerve injury, leading to decreased regenerative capacity. Importantly, restoring acetylated α-tubulin levels of TTR KO dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons using an HDAC6 inhibitor is sufficient to completely revert defective MT dynamics and neurite outgrowth. In summary, our results reveal a new role for TTR in the modulation of MT dynamics by regulating α-tubulin acetylation via modulation of the acetylase ATAT1, and suggest that this activity underlies TTR neuritogenic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Eira
- ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Neurodegeneration Team, Nerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular-IBMC, and i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Magalhães
- Neurodegeneration Team, Nerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular-IBMC, and i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nídia Macedo
- Neurodegeneration Team, Nerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular-IBMC, and i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Elena Pero
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Mónica M Sousa
- Nerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular-IBMC, and i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francesca Bartolini
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Márcia A Liz
- Neurodegeneration Team, Nerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular-IBMC, and i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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9
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English K, Barton MC. HDAC6: A Key Link Between Mitochondria and Development of Peripheral Neuropathy. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:684714. [PMID: 34531721 PMCID: PMC8438325 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.684714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy, which is the result of nerve damage from lesions or disease, continues to be a major health concern due to the common manifestation of neuropathic pain. Most investigations into the development of peripheral neuropathy focus on key players such as voltage-gated ion channels or glutamate receptors. However, emerging evidence points to mitochondrial dysfunction as a major player in the development of peripheral neuropathy and resulting neuropathic pain. Mitochondrial dysfunction in neuropathy includes altered mitochondrial transport, mitochondrial metabolism, as well as mitochondrial dynamics. The mechanisms that lead to mitochondrial dysfunction in peripheral neuropathy are poorly understood, however, the Class IIb histone deacetylase (HDAC6), may play an important role in the process. HDAC6 is a key regulator in multiple mechanisms of mitochondrial dynamics and may contribute to mitochondrial dysregulation in peripheral neuropathy. Accumulating evidence shows that HDAC6 inhibition is strongly associated with alleviating peripheral neuropathy and neuropathic pain, as well as mitochondrial dysfunction, in in vivo and in vitro models of peripheral neuropathy. Thus, HDAC6 inhibitors are being investigated as potential therapies for multiple peripheral neuropathic disorders. Here, we review emerging studies and integrate recent advances in understanding the unique connection between peripheral neuropathy and mitochondrial dysfunction through HDAC6-mediated interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystal English
- UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michelle Craig Barton
- UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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10
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Frühauf A, Meyer-Almes FJ. Non-Hydroxamate Zinc-Binding Groups as Warheads for Histone Deacetylases. Molecules 2021; 26:5151. [PMID: 34500583 PMCID: PMC8434074 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) remove acetyl groups from acetylated lysine residues and have a large variety of substrates and interaction partners. Therefore, it is not surprising that HDACs are involved in many diseases. Most inhibitors of zinc-dependent HDACs (HDACis) including approved drugs contain a hydroxamate as a zinc-binding group (ZBG), which is by far the biggest contributor to affinity, while chemical variation of the residual molecule is exploited to create more or less selectivity against HDAC isozymes or other metalloproteins. Hydroxamates have a propensity for nonspecificity and have recently come under considerable suspicion because of potential mutagenicity. Therefore, there are significant concerns when applying hydroxamate-containing compounds as therapeutics in chronic diseases beyond oncology due to unwanted toxic side effects. In the last years, several alternative ZBGs have been developed, which can replace the critical hydroxamate group in HDACis, while preserving high potency. Moreover, these compounds can be developed into highly selective inhibitors. This review aims at providing an overview of the progress in the field of non-hydroxamic HDACis in the time period from 2015 to present. Formally, ZBGs are clustered according to their binding mode and structural similarity to provide qualitative assessments and predictions based on available structural information.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Franz-Josef Meyer-Almes
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt, Haardtring 100, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany;
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11
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Moreira EA, Yamauchi Y, Matthias P. How Influenza Virus Uses Host Cell Pathways during Uncoating. Cells 2021; 10:1722. [PMID: 34359892 PMCID: PMC8305448 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a zoonotic respiratory disease of major public health interest due to its pandemic potential, and a threat to animals and the human population. The influenza A virus genome consists of eight single-stranded RNA segments sequestered within a protein capsid and a lipid bilayer envelope. During host cell entry, cellular cues contribute to viral conformational changes that promote critical events such as fusion with late endosomes, capsid uncoating and viral genome release into the cytosol. In this focused review, we concisely describe the virus infection cycle and highlight the recent findings of host cell pathways and cytosolic proteins that assist influenza uncoating during host cell entry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yohei Yamauchi
- Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK;
| | - Patrick Matthias
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, 4058 Basel, Switzerland;
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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12
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Stoklund Dittlau K, Krasnow EN, Fumagalli L, Vandoorne T, Baatsen P, Kerstens A, Giacomazzi G, Pavie B, Rossaert E, Beckers J, Sampaolesi M, Van Damme P, Van Den Bosch L. Human motor units in microfluidic devices are impaired by FUS mutations and improved by HDAC6 inhibition. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:2213-2227. [PMID: 33891869 PMCID: PMC8452598 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) ensure communication between motor neurons (MNs) and muscle; however, in MN disorders, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), NMJs degenerate resulting in muscle atrophy. The aim of this study was to establish a versatile and reproducible in vitro model of a human motor unit to investigate the effects of ALS-causing mutations. Therefore, we generated a co-culture of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived MNs and human primary mesoangioblast-derived myotubes in microfluidic devices. A chemotactic and volumetric gradient facilitated the growth of MN neurites through microgrooves resulting in the interaction with myotubes and the formation of NMJs. We observed that ALS-causing FUS mutations resulted in reduced neurite outgrowth as well as an impaired neurite regrowth upon axotomy. NMJ numbers were likewise reduced in the FUS-ALS model. Interestingly, the selective HDAC6 inhibitor, Tubastatin A, improved the neurite outgrowth, regrowth, and NMJ morphology, prompting HDAC6 inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy for ALS. Human motor units with functional NMJs can be generated using microfluidic devices FUS-ALS motor units display impaired neurite regrowth, outgrowth and NMJ numbers HDAC6 inhibition alleviate FUS-ALS motor unit pathology in vitro
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Stoklund Dittlau
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emily N Krasnow
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura Fumagalli
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tijs Vandoorne
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Baatsen
- VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Research Group Molecular Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, VIB Bio Imaging Core, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Axelle Kerstens
- VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Research Group Molecular Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, VIB Bio Imaging Core, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giorgia Giacomazzi
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Pavie
- VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Research Group Molecular Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven - University of Leuven, VIB Bio Imaging Core, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Rossaert
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jimmy Beckers
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maurilio Sampaolesi
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philip Van Damme
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium; University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium.
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13
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Shen S, Picci C, Ustinova K, Benoy V, Kutil Z, Zhang G, Tavares MT, Pavlíček J, Zimprich CA, Robers MB, Van Den Bosch L, Bařinka C, Langley B, Kozikowski AP. Tetrahydroquinoline-Capped Histone Deacetylase 6 Inhibitor SW-101 Ameliorates Pathological Phenotypes in a Charcot-Marie-Tooth Type 2A Mouse Model. J Med Chem 2021; 64:4810-4840. [PMID: 33830764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. SW-100 (1a), a phenylhydroxamate-based HDAC6 inhibitor (HDAC6i) bearing a tetrahydroquinoline (THQ) capping group, is a highly potent and selective HDAC6i that was shown to be effective in mouse models of Fragile X syndrome and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A (CMT2A). In this study, we report the discovery of a new THQ-capped HDAC6i, termed SW-101 (1s), that possesses excellent HDAC6 potency and selectivity, together with markedly improved metabolic stability and druglike properties compared to SW-100 (1a). X-ray crystallography data reveal the molecular basis of HDAC6 inhibition by SW-101 (1s). Importantly, we demonstrate that SW-101 (1s) treatment elevates the impaired level of acetylated α-tubulin in the distal sciatic nerve, counteracts progressive motor dysfunction, and ameliorates neuropathic symptoms in a CMT2A mouse model bearing mutant MFN2. Taken together, these results bode well for the further development of SW-101 (1s) as a disease-modifying HDAC6i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sida Shen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Cristina Picci
- School of Health, The University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Kseniya Ustinova
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Veronick Benoy
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Center for Brain & Disease (VIB) and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zsófia Kutil
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Guiping Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Maurício T Tavares
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Jiří Pavlíček
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Chad A Zimprich
- Promega Corporation, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
| | | | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Center for Brain & Disease (VIB) and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cyril Bařinka
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Brett Langley
- School of Health, The University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
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14
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Hu Z, Rong Y, Li S, Qu S, Huang S. Upregulated Histone Deacetylase 6 Associates with Malignant Progression of Melanoma and Predicts the Prognosis of Patients. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:12993-13001. [PMID: 33364845 PMCID: PMC7751721 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s284199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Melanoma is the most malignant tumor among skin tumors, and its morbidity and mortality are increasing year by year. Although melanoma biology has been increasingly studied, no prognostic biomarkers have yet been incorporated into clinical protocols. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) has been shown to act as a prognostic biomarker in several cancers. Here, we aimed to investigate the predictive value of HDAC6 for the prognosis of cutaneous melanoma patients. Methods Eighty cutaneous melanoma patients were enrolled in this study. The protein and mRNA expression levels of HDAC6 were detected, and the clinical features and survival time of cutaneous melanoma patients with HDAC6 expression were analyzed. Results The results suggested that high HDAC6 expression was significantly associated with unfavorable clinicopathological features. High HDAC6 expression was related to melanoma metastasis and was also associated with a reduced survival time in melanoma patients, and this association remained significant in multivariate analysis adjusted for all other factors. Conclusion These findings validate the utility of HDAC6 expression as an independent biomarker for the prognostication of patients with cutaneous melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Hu
- Burns Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanchao Rong
- Burns Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuting Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanqiang Qu
- Section of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaobin Huang
- Department of Cosmetic and Plastic Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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15
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Recent advances in small molecular modulators targeting histone deacetylase 6. FUTURE DRUG DISCOVERY 2020. [DOI: 10.4155/fdd-2020-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is a unique isozyme in the HDAC family with various distinguished characters. HDAC6 is predominantly localized in the cytoplasm and has several specific nonhistone substrates, such as α-tubulin, cortactin, Hsp90, tau and peroxiredoxins. Accumulating evidence reveals that targeting HDAC6 may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancers, neurological disorders and immune diseases, making the development of HDAC6 inhibitors particularly attractive. Recently, multitarget drug design and proteolysis targeting chimera technology have also been applied in the discovery of novel small molecular modulators targeting HDAC6. In this review, we briefly describe the structural features and biological functions of HDAC6 and discuss the recent advances in HDAC6 modulators, including selective inhibitors, chimeric inhibitors and proteolysis targeting chimeras for multiple therapeutic purposes.
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16
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Tavares MT, Kozikowski AP, Shen S. Mercaptoacetamide: A promising zinc-binding group for the discovery of selective histone deacetylase 6 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112887. [PMID: 33035922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is a zinc-dependent HDAC that mainly modulates the acetylation status of non-histone substrates, such as α-tubulin and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). The activity of HDAC6 plays a critical role in cell proliferation, protein trafficking and degradation, cell shape, migration, as well as regulation of immunomodulatory factors. For this reason, HDAC6 influences the progress of cancers, neurodegenerative disorders, and autoimmune responses. In the last few years, the discovery of selective HDAC6 inhibitors (HDAC6is) has become an attractive research area as five HDAC6is are being investigated in phase I/II clinical trials. However, the hydroxamic acid functional group still represents the predominant zinc-binding group (ZBG), that often suffers from poor pharmacokinetics and mutagenic potential, thus impairing the application of hydroxamate-based HDAC6is for long-term therapies. On the other hand, mercaptoacetamide (MCA)-based HDAC6is comprise a class of compounds that, in some cases, display nanomolar HDAC6 potency and a thousand-fold selectivity over class I HDAC isozymes. Moreover, MCA-based HDAC6is lack the mutagenicity associated with the hydroxamate function and display pharmacological effects, demonstrating the potential of this particular ZBG to improve upon the drug-like properties of HDAC6is. Herein, we summarize for the first time the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of MCA-based HDAC6is, discuss their HDAC6 selectivity at the molecular level using inhibitor-HDAC co-crystal structures, and further provide our perspective regarding their drug metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurício T Tavares
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, Jupiter, FL, 33458, United States
| | | | - Sida Shen
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, And Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States.
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17
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BAG3 Pro209 mutants associated with myopathy and neuropathy relocate chaperones of the CASA-complex to aggresomes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8755. [PMID: 32472079 PMCID: PMC7260189 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65664-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Three missense mutations targeting the same proline 209 (Pro209) codon in the co-chaperone Bcl2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) have been reported to cause distal myopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy or Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2 neuropathy. Yet, it is unclear whether distinct molecular mechanisms underlie the variable clinical spectrum of the rare patients carrying these three heterozygous Pro209 mutations in BAG3. Here, we studied all three variants and compared them to the BAG3_Glu455Lys mutant, which causes dilated cardiomyopathy. We found that all BAG3_Pro209 mutants have acquired a toxic gain-of-function, which causes these variants to accumulate in the form of insoluble HDAC6- and vimentin-positive aggresomes. The aggresomes formed by mutant BAG3 led to a relocation of other chaperones such as HSPB8 and Hsp70, which, together with BAG3, promote the so-called chaperone-assisted selective autophagy (CASA). As a consequence of their increased aggregation-proneness, mutant BAG3 trapped ubiquitinylated client proteins at the aggresome, preventing their efficient clearance. Combined, these data show that all BAG3_Pro209 mutants, irrespective of their different clinical phenotypes, are characterized by a gain-of-function that contributes to the gradual loss of protein homeostasis.
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18
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Shen S, Kozikowski AP. A patent review of histone deacetylase 6 inhibitors in neurodegenerative diseases (2014-2019). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2020; 30:121-136. [PMID: 31865813 PMCID: PMC6950832 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2019.1708901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is unique in comparison with other zinc-dependent HDAC family members. An increasing amount of evidence from clinical and preclinical research demonstrates the potential of HDAC6 inhibition as an effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of cancer, autoimmune diseases, as well as neurological disorders. The recently disclosed crystal structures of HDAC6-ligand complexes offer further means for achieving pharmacophore refinement, thus further accelerating the pace of HDAC6 inhibitor discovery in the last few years.Area covered: This review summarizes the latest clinical status of HDAC6 inhibitors, discusses pharmacological applications of selective HDAC6 inhibitors in neurodegenerative diseases, and describes the patent applications dealing with HDAC6 inhibitors from 2014-2019 that have not been reported in research articles.Expert opinion: Phenylhydroxamate has proven a very useful scaffold in the discovery of potent and selective HDAC6 inhibitors. However, weaknesses of the hydroxamate function such as metabolic instability and mutagenic potential limit its application in the neurological field, where long-term administration is required. The recent invention of oxadiazole-based ligands by pharmaceutical companies may provide a new opportunity to optimize the druglike properties of HDAC6 inhibitors for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sida Shen
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, and Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States
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19
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Rossaert E, Van Den Bosch L. HDAC6 inhibitors: Translating genetic and molecular insights into a therapy for axonal CMT. Brain Res 2020; 1733:146692. [PMID: 32006555 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) plays a central role in various processes that are key for neuronal survival. In this review, we summarize the current evidence related to disease pathways in the axonal form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) and highlight the role of HDAC6 in these pathways. We hypothesize that HDAC6 might in fact actively contribute to the pathogenesis of certain forms of axonal CMT. HDAC6 plays a deacetylase activity-dependent, negative role in axonal transport and axonal regeneration, which are both processes implicated in axonal CMT. On the other hand, HDAC6 coordinates a protective response during elimination of toxic misfolded proteins, but this is mostly mediated independent of its deacetylase activity. The current mechanistic insights on these functions of HDAC6 in axonal CMT, along with the selective druggability against its deacetylase activity, make the targeting of HDAC6 particularly attractive. We elaborate on the preclinical studies that demonstrated beneficial effects of HDAC6 inhibitors in axonal CMT models and outline possible modes of action. Overall, this overview ultimately provides a rationale for the use of small-molecule HDAC6 inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Rossaert
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium; VIB - Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium; VIB - Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium.
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20
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Vargas EJM, Matamoros AJ, Qiu J, Jan CH, Wang Q, Gorczyca D, Han TW, Weissman JS, Jan YN, Banerjee S, Song Y. The microtubule regulator ringer functions downstream from the RNA repair/splicing pathway to promote axon regeneration. Genes Dev 2020; 34:194-208. [PMID: 31919191 PMCID: PMC7000917 DOI: 10.1101/gad.331330.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Vargas et al. set out to elucidate the downstream effectors of the Rtca-mediated RNA repair/splicing pathway. Using genome-wide transcriptome analysis, the authors demonstrate that the microtubule-associated protein (MAP) tubulin polymerization-promoting protein (TPPP) ringer functions downstream from and is suppressed by Rtca via Xbp1-dependent transcription. Ringer cell-autonomously promotes axon regeneration in the peripheral and central nervous system. Promoting axon regeneration in the central and peripheral nervous system is of clinical importance in neural injury and neurodegenerative diseases. Both pro- and antiregeneration factors are being identified. We previously reported that the Rtca mediated RNA repair/splicing pathway restricts axon regeneration by inhibiting the nonconventional splicing of Xbp1 mRNA under cellular stress. However, the downstream effectors remain unknown. Here, through transcriptome profiling, we show that the tubulin polymerization-promoting protein (TPPP) ringmaker/ringer is dramatically increased in Rtca-deficient Drosophila sensory neurons, which is dependent on Xbp1. Ringer is expressed in sensory neurons before and after injury, and is cell-autonomously required for axon regeneration. While loss of ringer abolishes the regeneration enhancement in Rtca mutants, its overexpression is sufficient to promote regeneration both in the peripheral and central nervous system. Ringer maintains microtubule stability/dynamics with the microtubule-associated protein futsch/MAP1B, which is also required for axon regeneration. Furthermore, ringer lies downstream from and is negatively regulated by the microtubule-associated deacetylase HDAC6, which functions as a regeneration inhibitor. Taken together, our findings suggest that ringer acts as a hub for microtubule regulators that relays cellular status information, such as cellular stress, to the integrity of microtubules in order to instruct neuroregeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest J Monahan Vargas
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Andrew J Matamoros
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Jingyun Qiu
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Calvin H Jan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Qin Wang
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - David Gorczyca
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Tina W Han
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Jonathan S Weissman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Yuh Nung Jan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Swati Banerjee
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - Yuanquan Song
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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21
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Chu H, He QX, Wang J, Hu Y, Wang YQ, Lin ZH. In silico design of novel benzohydroxamate-based compounds as inhibitors of histone deacetylase 6 based on 3D-QSAR, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04704j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In silico design of benzohydroxamate-based selective HDAC6 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chu
- Department of Pharmacy and Bioengineering
- Chongqing University of Technology
- Chongqing
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Screening and Activity Evaluation of Targeted Drugs
| | - Qing-xiu He
- Department of Pharmacy and Bioengineering
- Chongqing University of Technology
- Chongqing
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Screening and Activity Evaluation of Targeted Drugs
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy and Bioengineering
- Chongqing University of Technology
- Chongqing
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Screening and Activity Evaluation of Targeted Drugs
| | - Yong Hu
- Department of Pharmacy and Bioengineering
- Chongqing University of Technology
- Chongqing
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Screening and Activity Evaluation of Targeted Drugs
| | - Yuan-qiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy and Bioengineering
- Chongqing University of Technology
- Chongqing
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Screening and Activity Evaluation of Targeted Drugs
| | - Zhi-hua Lin
- Department of Pharmacy and Bioengineering
- Chongqing University of Technology
- Chongqing
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Screening and Activity Evaluation of Targeted Drugs
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22
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Vergani B, Sandrone G, Marchini M, Ripamonti C, Cellupica E, Galbiati E, Caprini G, Pavich G, Porro G, Rocchio I, Lattanzio M, Pezzuto M, Skorupska M, Cordella P, Pagani P, Pozzi P, Pomarico R, Modena D, Leoni F, Perego R, Fossati G, Steinkühler C, Stevenazzi A. Novel Benzohydroxamate-Based Potent and Selective Histone Deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) Inhibitors Bearing a Pentaheterocyclic Scaffold: Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation. J Med Chem 2019; 62:10711-10739. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Vergani
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sandrone
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Marchini
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Ripamonti
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Cellupica
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Galbiati
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Caprini
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pavich
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Porro
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Rocchio
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Lattanzio
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcello Pezzuto
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Malgorzata Skorupska
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Cordella
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Pagani
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Pozzi
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Pomarico
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Modena
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Flavio Leoni
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Perego
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Fossati
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Steinkühler
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Stevenazzi
- Preclinical R&D, Italfarmaco Group, Via dei Lavoratori 54, I-20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy
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23
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Brindisi M, Saraswati AP, Brogi S, Gemma S, Butini S, Campiani G. Old but Gold: Tracking the New Guise of Histone Deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) Enzyme as a Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Rare Diseases. J Med Chem 2019; 63:23-39. [PMID: 31415174 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation orchestrates many cellular processes and greatly influences key disease mechanisms. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes play a crucial role either as biomarkers or therapeutic targets owing to their involvement in specific pathophysiological pathways. Beyond their well-characterized role as histone modifiers, HDACs also interact with several nonhistone substrates and their increased expression has been highlighted in specific diseases. The HDAC6 isoform, due to its unique cytoplasmic localization, modulates the acetylation status of tubulin, HSP90, TGF-β, and peroxiredoxins. HDAC6 also exerts noncatalytic activities through its interaction with ubiquitin. Both catalytic and noncatalytic functions of HDACs are being actively studied in the field of specific rare disorders beyond the well-established role in carcinogenesis. This Perspective outlines the application of HDAC(6) inhibitors in rare diseases, such as Rett syndrome, inherited retinal disorders, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, highlighting their therapeutic potential as innovative and targeted disease-modifying agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Brindisi
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022 , University of Naples Federico II , Via D. Montesano 49 , I-80131 Naples , Italy
| | - A Prasanth Saraswati
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022 , University of Siena , via Aldo Moro 2 , 53100 , Siena , Italy
| | - Simone Brogi
- Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , via Bonanno 6 , 56126 , Pisa , Italy
| | - Sandra Gemma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022 , University of Siena , via Aldo Moro 2 , 53100 , Siena , Italy
| | - Stefania Butini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022 , University of Siena , via Aldo Moro 2 , 53100 , Siena , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022 , University of Siena , via Aldo Moro 2 , 53100 , Siena , Italy
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24
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Iaconelli J, Xuan L, Karmacharya R. HDAC6 Modulates Signaling Pathways Relevant to Synaptic Biology and Neuronal Differentiation in Human Stem-Cell-Derived Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071605. [PMID: 30935091 PMCID: PMC6480207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies show that histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) has important roles in the human brain, especially in the context of a number of nervous system disorders. Animal models of neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric disorders show that HDAC6 modulates important biological processes relevant to disease biology. Pan-selective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors had been studied in animal behavioral assays and shown to induce synaptogenesis in rodent neuronal cultures. While most studies of HDACs in the nervous system have focused on class I HDACs located in the nucleus (e.g., HDACs 1,2,3), recent findings in rodent models suggest that the cytoplasmic class IIb HDAC, HDAC6, plays an important role in regulating mood-related behaviors. Human studies suggest a significant role for synaptic dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus in depression. Studies of HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) in human neuronal cells show that HDAC6 inhibitors (HDAC6i) increase the acetylation of specific lysine residues in proteins involved in synaptogenesis. This has led to the hypothesis that HDAC6i may modulate synaptic biology not through effects on the acetylation of histones, but by regulating acetylation of non-histone proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Iaconelli
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
- Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Lucius Xuan
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
- Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Rakesh Karmacharya
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
- Chemical Biology Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
- Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA.
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
- Chemical Biology PhD Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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