1
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Triarhou LC, Manto M. The Discovery of the Monoaminergic Innervation of the Cerebellum: Convergence of Divergent and Point-to-Point Systems. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 22:1045-1051. [PMID: 36149526 PMCID: PMC10657314 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01480-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This Cerebellar Classic highlights the landmark discovery of the innervation of the cerebellar cortex and cerebellar nuclei by noradrenergic and serotoninergic axons emanating, respectively, from the locus coeruleus and the raphé nuclei. Since then, modulation of the activity of cerebellar neurons by the monoamine systems has been studied extensively, as well as their reorganization and modifications during development, plasticity, and disease. The discovery of noradrenergic and serotoninergic innervation of the cerebellum has been a crucial step in understanding the neurochemical relationships between brainstem nuclei and the cerebellum, and the attempts to treat cerebellar ataxias pharmacologically. The large neurochemical repertoire of the cerebellum represents one of the complexities and challenges in the modern appraisal of cerebellar disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazaros C Triarhou
- Department of Psychology, Sector of Experimental Cognitive Psychology, Aristotelian University Faculty of Philosophy, University Campus, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Mario Manto
- Unité Des Ataxies Cérébelleuses, CHU-Charleroi, Charleroi, Belgium
- Service Des Neurosciences, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
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2
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Acute Hypobaric Hypoxia Exposure Causes Neurobehavioral Impairments in Rats: Role of Brain Catecholamines and Tetrahydrobiopterin Alterations. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:471-486. [PMID: 36205808 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03767-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a state in which the body or a specific part of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply at the tissue level. Sojourners involved in different activities at high altitudes (> 2500 m) face hypobaric hypoxia (HH) due to low oxygen in the atmosphere. HH is an example of generalized hypoxia, where the homeostasis of the entire body of an organism is affected and results in neurochemical changes. It is known that lower O2 levels affect catecholamines (CA), severely impairing cognitive and locomotor behavior. However, there is less evidence on the effect of HH-mediated alteration in brain Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) levels and its role in neurobehavioral impairments. Hence, this study aimed to shed light on the effect of acute HH on CA and BH4 levels with its neurobehavioral impact on Wistar rat models. After HH exposure, significant alteration of the CA levels in the discrete brain regions, viz., frontal cortex, hippocampus, midbrain, and cerebellum was observed. HH exposure significantly reduced spontaneous motor activity, motor coordination, and spatial memory. The present study suggests that the HH-induced behavioral changes might be related to the alteration of the expression pattern of CA and BH4-related genes and proteins in different rat brain regions. Overall, this study provides novel insights into the role of BH4 and CA in HH-induced neurobehavioral impairments.
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3
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Milosavljević F, Brusini I, Atanasov A, Manojlović M, Vučić M, Oreščanin-Dušić Z, Brkljačić J, Miljević Č, Nikolić-Kokić A, Blagojević D, Wang C, Damberg P, Pešić V, Tyndale RF, Ingelman-Sundberg M, Jukić MM. The humanised CYP2C19 transgenic mouse exhibits cerebellar atrophy and movement impairment reminiscent of ataxia. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2023; 49:e12867. [PMID: 36536486 PMCID: PMC10108232 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS CYP2C19 transgenic mouse expresses the human CYP2C19 gene in the liver and developing brain, and it exhibits altered neurodevelopment associated with impairments in emotionality and locomotion. Because the validation of new animal models is essential for the understanding of the aetiology and pathophysiology of movement disorders, the objective was to characterise motoric phenotype in CYP2C19 transgenic mice and to investigate its validity as a new animal model of ataxia. METHODS The rotarod, paw-print and beam-walking tests were utilised to characterise the motoric phenotype. The volumes of 20 brain regions in CYP2C19 transgenic and wild-type mice were quantified by 9.4T gadolinium-enhanced post-mortem structural neuroimaging. Antioxidative enzymatic activity was quantified biochemically. Dopaminergic alterations were characterised by chromatographic quantification of concentrations of dopamine and its metabolites and by subsequent immunohistochemical analyses. The beam-walking test was repeated after the treatment with dopamine receptor antagonists ecopipam and raclopride. RESULTS CYP2C19 transgenic mice exhibit abnormal, unilateral ataxia-like gait, clasping reflex and 5.6-fold more paw-slips in the beam-walking test; the motoric phenotype was more pronounced in youth. Transgenic mice exhibited a profound reduction of 12% in cerebellar volume and a moderate reduction of 4% in hippocampal volume; both regions exhibited an increased antioxidative enzyme activity. CYP2C19 mice were hyperdopaminergic; however, the motoric impairment was not ameliorated by dopamine receptor antagonists, and there was no alteration in the number of midbrain dopaminergic neurons in CYP2C19 mice. CONCLUSIONS Humanised CYP2C19 transgenic mice exhibit altered gait and functional motoric impairments; this phenotype is likely caused by an aberrant cerebellar development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Milosavljević
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Irene Brusini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Andrea Atanasov
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Manojlović
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Vučić
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorana Oreščanin-Dušić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Brkljačić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Čedo Miljević
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Institute for Mental Health, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Nikolić-Kokić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Duško Blagojević
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Chunliang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Peter Damberg
- Karolinska Experimental Research and Imaging Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Vesna Pešić
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rachel F Tyndale
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Magnus Ingelman-Sundberg
- Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marin M Jukić
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Section of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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4
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Gureev AP, Andrianova NV, Pevzner IB, Zorova LD, Chernyshova EV, Sadovnikova IS, Chistyakov DV, Popkov VA, Semenovich DS, Babenko VA, Silachev DN, Zorov DB, Plotnikov EY, Popov VN. Dietary restriction modulates mitochondrial DNA damage and oxylipin profile in aged rats. FEBS J 2022; 289:5697-5713. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.16451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Artem P. Gureev
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering Voronezh State University Voronezh Russia
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology Voronezh State University of Engineering Technology Voronezh Russia
| | - Nadezda V. Andrianova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico‐Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
| | - Irina B. Pevzner
- Belozersky Institute of Physico‐Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology Moscow Russia
| | - Ljubava D. Zorova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico‐Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology Moscow Russia
| | | | - Irina S. Sadovnikova
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering Voronezh State University Voronezh Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Chistyakov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico‐Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
| | - Vasily A. Popkov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico‐Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology Moscow Russia
| | - Dmitry S. Semenovich
- Belozersky Institute of Physico‐Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
| | - Valentina A. Babenko
- Belozersky Institute of Physico‐Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology Moscow Russia
| | - Denis N. Silachev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico‐Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology Moscow Russia
| | - Dmitry B. Zorov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico‐Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology Moscow Russia
| | - Egor Y. Plotnikov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico‐Chemical Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology Moscow Russia
| | - Vasily N. Popov
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering Voronezh State University Voronezh Russia
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology Voronezh State University of Engineering Technology Voronezh Russia
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5
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Liu Q, Shi Z, Wang K, Liu T, Funahashi S, Wu J, Zhang J. Treatment Enhances Betweenness Centrality of Fronto-Parietal Network in Parkinson’s Patients. Front Comput Neurosci 2022; 16:891384. [PMID: 35720771 PMCID: PMC9204483 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2022.891384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated a close relationship between early Parkinson’s disease and functional network abnormalities. However, the pattern of brain changes in the early stages of Parkinson’s disease has not been confirmed, which has important implications for the study of clinical indicators of Parkinson’s disease. Therefore, we investigated the functional connectivity before and after treatment in patients with early Parkinson’s disease, and further investigated the relationship between some topological properties and clinicopathological indicators. We included resting state-fMRI (rs-fMRI) data from 27 patients with early Parkinson’s disease aged 50–75 years from the Parkinson’s Disease Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI). The results showed that the functional connectivity of 6 networks, cerebellum network (CBN), cingulo_opercular network (CON), default network (DMN), fronto-parietal network (FPN), occipital network (OCC), and sensorimotor network (SMN), was significantly changed. Compared to before treatment, the main functional connections were concentrated in the CBN after treatment. In addition, the coefficients of these nodes have also changed. For betweenness centrality (BC), the FPN showed a significant improvement in treatment (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the alteration of functional networks in early Parkinson’s patients is critical for clarifying the mechanisms of early diagnosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Laboratory for Brain Science and Neurotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - ZhongYan Shi
- Laboratory for Brain Science and Neurotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Laboratory for Brain Science and Neurotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Laboratory for Brain Science and Neurotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shintaro Funahashi
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jinglong Wu
- Research Center for Medical Artificial Intelligence, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Jinglong Wu,
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- Jian Zhang,
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6
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Lalonde R, Strazielle C. The AGTPBP1 gene in neurobiology. Gene 2022; 809:146001. [PMID: 34637898 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The function of the Agtpbp1 gene has mainly been delineated by studying Agtpbp1pcd (pcd) mutant mice, characterized by losses in cerebellar Purkinje and granule cells along with degeneration of retinal photoreceptors, mitral cells of the olfactory bulb, thalamic neurons, and alpha-motoneurons. As a result of cerebellar degeneration, cerebellar GABA and glutamate concentrations in Agtpbp1pcd mutants decreased while monoamine concentrations increased. The salient behavioral phenotypes include cerebellar ataxia, a loss in motor coordination, and cognitive deficits. Similar neuropathogical and behavioral profiles have been described in childhood-onset human subjects with biallelic variants of AGTPBP1, including cerebellar ataxia and hypotonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Lalonde
- University of Rouen, Dept Psychology, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; Laboratory of Stress, Immunity, Pathogens (EA7300), University of Lorraine Medical School, Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France.
| | - Catherine Strazielle
- Laboratory of Stress, Immunity, Pathogens (EA7300), University of Lorraine Medical School, Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France; CHRU Nancy, Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France
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7
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Cerebellar tDCS as Therapy for Cerebellar Ataxias. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 21:755-761. [PMID: 35060077 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-021-01357-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, a growing body of literature has investigated the use of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques to influence cerebellar activity and the effects of cerebellar stimulation on other brain regions through its multiple complex projections. From the early 1990s, with the discovery of the so-called cerebellar inhibition (CBI), several studies have focused their attention on the use of cerebellar NIBS as treatment for different motor disorders. Cerebellar ataxias (CAs) represent the prototypical clinical manifestation of cerebellar alterations, but other movement disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and dystonia have also been associated with alterations of networks which include the cerebellum, or of the cerebellum itself. Cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (ctDCS) could indeed represent an economical, non-invasive therapeutic tool with minimal side effects, thus improving the clinical management of patients and their quality of life. Studies show that ctDCS is effective as a therapeutic option for motor symptoms in patients with CAs, and especially in those with less severe forms, suggesting that ctDCS efficacy could result from augmented neuronal compensation, which itself relies on preserved cerebellar volume. Evidence for the efficacy of ctDCS is less conclusive for the other aforementioned motor disorders, although preliminary results are promising. Future studies should adopt more rigorous methods (e.g., larger sample sizes, double blinding, better characterization of the sample, reliable biomarkers), in order to allow the scientific community to derive higher-quality evidence on the efficacy of ctDCS as a therapeutic option for motor disorders.
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8
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Manto M, Argyropoulos GPD, Bocci T, Celnik PA, Corben LA, Guidetti M, Koch G, Priori A, Rothwell JC, Sadnicka A, Spampinato D, Ugawa Y, Wessel MJ, Ferrucci R. Consensus Paper: Novel Directions and Next Steps of Non-invasive Brain Stimulation of the Cerebellum in Health and Disease. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 21:1092-1122. [PMID: 34813040 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-021-01344-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cerebellum is involved in multiple closed-loops circuitry which connect the cerebellar modules with the motor cortex, prefrontal, temporal, and parietal cortical areas, and contribute to motor control, cognitive processes, emotional processing, and behavior. Among them, the cerebello-thalamo-cortical pathway represents the anatomical substratum of cerebellum-motor cortex inhibition (CBI). However, the cerebellum is also connected with basal ganglia by disynaptic pathways, and cerebellar involvement in disorders commonly associated with basal ganglia dysfunction (e.g., Parkinson's disease and dystonia) has been suggested. Lately, cerebellar activity has been targeted by non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to indirectly affect and tune dysfunctional circuitry in the brain. Although the results are promising, several questions remain still unsolved. Here, a panel of experts from different specialties (neurophysiology, neurology, neurosurgery, neuropsychology) reviews the current results on cerebellar NIBS with the aim to derive the future steps and directions needed. We discuss the effects of TMS in the field of cerebellar neurophysiology, the potentials of cerebellar tDCS, the role of animal models in cerebellar NIBS applications, and the possible application of cerebellar NIBS in motor learning, stroke recovery, speech and language functions, neuropsychiatric and movement disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Manto
- Service de Neurologie, CHU-Charleroi, 6000, Charleroi, Belgium.,Service Des Neurosciences, UMons, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Georgios P D Argyropoulos
- Division of Psychology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Tommaso Bocci
- Aldo Ravelli Research Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Neurotherapeutics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy.,ASST Santi Paolo E Carlo, Via di Rudinì, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Pablo A Celnik
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Louise A Corben
- Bruce Lefroy Centre for Genetic Health Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville. Victoria, Australia
| | - Matteo Guidetti
- Aldo Ravelli Research Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Neurotherapeutics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy.,Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico Di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Koch
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, via Ardeatina 306, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Priori
- Aldo Ravelli Research Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Neurotherapeutics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy.,ASST Santi Paolo E Carlo, Via di Rudinì, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - John C Rothwell
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Anna Sadnicka
- Motor Control and Movement Disorders Group, St George's University of London, London, UK.,Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Danny Spampinato
- Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, via Ardeatina 306, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Yoshikazu Ugawa
- Department of Human Neurophysiology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Maximilian J Wessel
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics (CNP) and Brain Mind Institute (BMI), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Geneva, Switzerland.,Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics (CNP) and Brain Mind Institute (BMI), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL Valais), Clinique Romande de Réadaptation, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Roberta Ferrucci
- Aldo Ravelli Research Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Neurotherapeutics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy. .,ASST Santi Paolo E Carlo, Via di Rudinì, 8, 20142, Milan, Italy.
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9
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Maldonado-García JL, Pérez-Sánchez G, Becerril Villanueva E, Alvarez-Herrera S, Pavón L, Gutiérrez-Ospina G, López-Santiago R, Maldonado-Tapia JO, Pérez-Tapia SM, Moreno-Lafont MC. Behavioral and Neurochemical Shifts at the Hippocampus and Frontal Cortex Are Associated to Peripheral Inflammation in Balb/c Mice Infected with Brucella abortus 2308. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091937. [PMID: 34576830 PMCID: PMC8470318 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonosis affecting 50,000,000 people annually. Most patients progress to a chronic phase of the disease in which neuropsychiatric symptoms upsurge. The biological processes underlying the progression of these symptoms are yet unclear. Peripheral inflammation mounted against Brucella may condition neurochemical shifts and hence unchained neuropsychiatric disorders. Our work aimed at establishing whether neurological, behavioral, and neurochemical disarrays are circumstantially linked to peripheral inflammation uprise secondary to Brucella abortus 2308 infections. We then evaluated, in control and Brucella-infected mice, skeletal muscle strength, movement coordination, and balance and motivation, as well as dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and serotonin availability in the cerebellum, frontal cortex, and hippocampus. Serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines and corticosterone in vehicle-injected and -infected mice were also estimated. All estimates were gathered at the infection acute and chronic phases. Our results showed that infected mice displayed motor disabilities, muscular weakness, and reduced motivation correlated with neurochemical and peripheral immunological disturbances that tended to decrease after 21 days of infection. The present observations support that disturbed peripheral inflammation and the related neurochemical disruption might lead to mood disorders in infected mice. Future experiments must be aimed at establishing causal links and to explore whether similar concepts might explain neurological and mood disorders in humans affected by brucellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Maldonado-García
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico; (J.L.M.-G.); (G.P.-S.); (E.B.V.); (S.A.-H.)
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (R.L.-S.); (J.O.M.-T.)
| | - Gilberto Pérez-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico; (J.L.M.-G.); (G.P.-S.); (E.B.V.); (S.A.-H.)
| | - Enrique Becerril Villanueva
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico; (J.L.M.-G.); (G.P.-S.); (E.B.V.); (S.A.-H.)
| | - Samantha Alvarez-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico; (J.L.M.-G.); (G.P.-S.); (E.B.V.); (S.A.-H.)
| | - Lenin Pavón
- Laboratorio de Psicoinmunología, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico; (J.L.M.-G.); (G.P.-S.); (E.B.V.); (S.A.-H.)
- Correspondence: (L.P.); (M.C.M.-L.); Tel.: +52-5541-605082 (L.P.); +52-5729-6300 (ext. 62368) (M.C.M.-L.)
| | - Gabriel Gutiérrez-Ospina
- Laboratorio de Biología de Sistemas, Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Coordinación de Psicobiología y Neurociencias, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Rubén López-Santiago
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (R.L.-S.); (J.O.M.-T.)
| | - Jesús Octavio Maldonado-Tapia
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (R.L.-S.); (J.O.M.-T.)
| | - Sonia Mayra Pérez-Tapia
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico;
| | - Martha C. Moreno-Lafont
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Celular, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (R.L.-S.); (J.O.M.-T.)
- Correspondence: (L.P.); (M.C.M.-L.); Tel.: +52-5541-605082 (L.P.); +52-5729-6300 (ext. 62368) (M.C.M.-L.)
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10
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Flace P, Livrea P, Basile GA, Galletta D, Bizzoca A, Gennarini G, Bertino S, Branca JJV, Gulisano M, Bianconi S, Bramanti A, Anastasi G. The Cerebellar Dopaminergic System. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:650614. [PMID: 34421548 PMCID: PMC8375553 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.650614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system (CNS), dopamine (DA) is involved in motor and cognitive functions. Although the cerebellum is not been considered an elective dopaminergic region, studies attributed to it a critical role in dopamine deficit-related neurological and psychiatric disorders [e.g., Parkinson's disease (PD) and schizophrenia (SCZ)]. Data on the cerebellar dopaminergic neuronal system are still lacking. Nevertheless, biochemical studies detected in the mammalians cerebellum high dopamine levels, while chemical neuroanatomy studies revealed the presence of midbrain dopaminergic afferents to the cerebellum as well as wide distribution of the dopaminergic receptor subtypes (DRD1-DRD5). The present review summarizes the data on the cerebellar dopaminergic system including its involvement in associative and projective circuits. Furthermore, this study also briefly discusses the role of the cerebellar dopaminergic system in some neurologic and psychiatric disorders and suggests its potential involvement as a target in pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Flace
- Medical School, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
| | | | - Gianpaolo Antonio Basile
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Diana Galletta
- Unit of Psychiatry and Psychology, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Bizzoca
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Gennarini
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Bertino
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Gulisano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Simona Bianconi
- Physical, Rehabilitation Medicine and Sport Medicine Unit, University Hospital “G. Martino”, Messina, Italy
| | - Alessia Bramanti
- Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Health Care IRCCS “Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo”, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Anastasi
- Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Pinheiro AP, Schwartze M, Kotz SA. Cerebellar circuitry and auditory verbal hallucinations: An integrative synthesis and perspective. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 118:485-503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Shared functional neural substrates in Parkinson's disease and drug-induced parkinsonism: association with dopaminergic depletion. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11617. [PMID: 32669608 PMCID: PMC7363811 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68514-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
While drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) is mainly caused by blockage of the dopaminergic pathway, multiple neurotransmitter systems besides the dopaminergic system are involved in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Therefore, alterations found in both DIP and PD might be manifestations of dopaminergic dysfunction. To prove this hypothesis, we aimed to define the areas commonly involved in DIP and PD and determine whether the overlapping areas were associated with the dopaminergic system. 68 PD patients, 69 DIP patients and 70 age-and sex-matched controls underwent resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI). Regional homogeneity (ReHo), amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and fractional ALFF were calculated and compared. Afterwards, we compared mean rsfMRI values extracted from the overlapping areas with uptake quantitatively measured on dopamine transporter (DAT) images and neuropsychological test results. Compared to the controls, both PD and DIP patients revealed altered rsfMRI values in the right insular cortex, right temporo-occipital cortex, and cerebellum. Among them, decreased ALFF in the right insular cortex and decreased ReHo in the right occipital cortex were correlated with decreased DAT uptake in the caudate as well as executive, visuospatial, and language function. Increased ReHo in the cerebellum was also correlated with decrease DAT uptake in the posterior and ventral anterior putamen, but not with cognitive function. In conclusion, the insular cortex, occipital cortex, and cerebellum were commonly affected in both PD and DIP patients and might be associated with altered dopaminergic modulation.
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Mehdizadeh M, Ashtari N, Jiao X, Rahimi Balaei M, Marzban A, Qiyami-Hour F, Kong J, Ghavami S, Marzban H. Alteration of the Dopamine Receptors' Expression in the Cerebellum of the Lysosomal Acid Phosphatase 2 Mutant (Naked-Ataxia ( NAX)) Mouse. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2914. [PMID: 32326360 PMCID: PMC7215910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A spontaneous mutation in the lysosomal acid phosphatase (Acp2) enzyme (nax: naked-ataxia) in experimental mice results in delayed hair appearance and severe cytoarchitectural impairments of the cerebellum, such as a Purkinje cell (PC) migration defect. In our previous investigation, our team showed that Acp2 expression plans a significant role in cerebellar development. On the other hand, the dopaminergic system is also a player in central nervous system (CNS) development, including cerebellar structure and function. In the current investigation, we have explored how Acp2 can be involved in the regulation of the dopaminergic pathway in the cerebellum via the regulation of dopamine receptor expression and patterning. We provided evidence about the distribution of different dopamine receptors in the developing cerebellum by comparing the expression of dopamine receptors on postnatal days (P) 5 and 17 between nax mice and wild-type (wt) littermates. To this aim, immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis were conducted using five antibodies against dopamine receptors (DRD1, -2, -3, -4, and -5) accompanied by RNAseq data. Our results revealed that DRD1, -3, and -4 gene expressions significantly increased in nax cerebella but not in wt, while gene expressions of all 5 receptors were evident in PCs of both wt and nax cerebella. DRD3 was strongly expressed in the PCs' somata and cerebellar nuclei neurons at P17 in nax mice, which was comparable to the expression levels in the cerebella of wt littermates. In addition, DRD3 was expressed in scattered cells in a granular layer reminiscent of Golgi cells and was observed in the wt cerebella but not in nax mice. DRD4 was expressed in a subset of PCs and appeared to align with the unique parasagittal stripes pattern. This study contributes to our understanding of alterations in the expression pattern of DRDs in the cerebellum of nax mice in comparison to their wt littermates, and it highlights the role of Acp2 in regulating the dopaminergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Mehdizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran; (M.M.); (F.Q.-H.); (J.K.); (S.G.)
| | - Niloufar Ashtari
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, The Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada; (N.A.); (X.J.); (M.R.B.)
| | - Xiaodan Jiao
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, The Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada; (N.A.); (X.J.); (M.R.B.)
| | - Maryam Rahimi Balaei
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, The Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada; (N.A.); (X.J.); (M.R.B.)
| | - Asghar Marzban
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 4513956111, Iran;
| | - Farshid Qiyami-Hour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran; (M.M.); (F.Q.-H.); (J.K.); (S.G.)
| | - Jiming Kong
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran; (M.M.); (F.Q.-H.); (J.K.); (S.G.)
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran; (M.M.); (F.Q.-H.); (J.K.); (S.G.)
- Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Hassan Marzban
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran; (M.M.); (F.Q.-H.); (J.K.); (S.G.)
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, The Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba (CHRIM), Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada; (N.A.); (X.J.); (M.R.B.)
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14
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Eskandarian Boroujeni M, Peirouvi T, Shaerzadeh F, Ahmadiani A, Abdollahifar MA, Aliaghaei A. Differential gene expression and stereological analyses of the cerebellum following methamphetamine exposure. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12707. [PMID: 30714656 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive psychostimulant that profoundly aimed at monoaminergic systems in the brain. Despite the leading role of cerebellum in sensorimotor control as well as augmented locomotor activity under the influence of METH, there are few studies examining the effect of METH administration on gene expression profiling and structural consequences in the cerebellar region. Thus, we sought to explore the effects of METH on the cerebellum, from gene expression changes to structural alterations. In this respect, we investigated genome-wide mRNA expression using high throughput RNA-seq technology and confirmatory quantitative real-time PCR, accompanied by stereological analysis of cerebellar layers along with identification of reactive astrogliosis by glial fibrillary acidic protein and behavioral assessment following METH exposure. According to our RNA-seq data, 473 unique differentially expressed genes (DEG) were detected upon METH injections in which a large number of these genes engage basically in biological regulations and metabolic processes, chiefly located in nucleus and membrane. In addition, pathway analysis of METH-induced DEG revealed several enriched signaling cascades related largely to immune response, neurotransmission, cell growth, and death. Further, METH induced a significant reduction in volumes of cerebellar layers (molecular, granular, and Purkinje) and a decrease in the white matter volume along with a rise in astrogliosis as well as increased locomotor activity. In conclusion, considering gene expression changes combined with structural alterations of the cerebellum in response to METH, these data suggest METH-induced neurotoxicity in the cerebellar region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tahmineh Peirouvi
- Department of Histology, School of MedicineUrmia University of Medical Sciences Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shaerzadeh
- Department of NeuroscienceMcKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine Gainesville Florida USA
| | - Abolhasan Ahmadiani
- Neurobiology Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Abdollahifar
- Cell Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Iran
| | - Abbas Aliaghaei
- Cell Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Iran
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15
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Formisano R, Mersha MD, Caplan J, Singh A, Rankin CH, Tavernarakis N, Dhillon HS. Synaptic vesicle fusion is modulated through feedback inhibition by dopamine auto-receptors. Synapse 2019; 74:e22131. [PMID: 31494966 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms of synaptic vesicular fusion and neurotransmitter clearance are highly controlled processes whose finely-tuned regulation is critical for neural function. This modulation has been suggested to involve pre-synaptic auto-receptors; however, their underlying mechanisms of action remain unclear. Previous studies with the well-defined C. elegans nervous system have used functional imaging to implicate acid sensing ion channels (ASIC-1) to describe synaptic vesicle fusion dynamics within its eight dopaminergic neurons. Implementing a similar imaging approach with a pH-sensitive fluorescent reporter and fluorescence resonance after photobleaching (FRAP), we analyzed dynamic imaging data collected from individual synaptic termini in live animals. We present evidence that constitutive fusion of neurotransmitter vesicles on dopaminergic synaptic termini is modulated through DOP-2 auto-receptors via a negative feedback loop. Integrating our previous results showing the role of ASIC-1 in a positive feedback loop, we also put forth an updated model for synaptic vesicle fusion in which, along with DAT-1 and ASIC-1, the dopamine auto-receptor DOP-2 lies at a modulatory hub at dopaminergic synapses. Our findings are of potential broader significance as similar mechanisms are likely to be used by auto-receptors for other small molecule neurotransmitters across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Formisano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, Delaware
| | - Mahlet D Mersha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, Delaware
| | - Jeff Caplan
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Abhyudai Singh
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware
| | - Catharine H Rankin
- Department of Psychology and DM Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Harbinder S Dhillon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, Delaware
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Heskje J, Heslin K, De Corte BJ, Walsh KP, Kim Y, Han S, Carlson ES, Parker KL. Cerebellar D1DR-expressing neurons modulate the frontal cortex during timing tasks. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 170:107067. [PMID: 31404656 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2019.107067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Converging lines of evidence suggest that the cerebellum plays an integral role in cognitive function through its interactions with association cortices like the medial frontal cortex (MFC). It is unknown precisely how the cerebellum influences the frontal cortex and what type of information is reciprocally relayed between these two regions. A subset of neurons in the cerebellar dentate nuclei, or the homologous lateral cerebellar nuclei (LCN) in rodents, express D1 dopamine receptors (D1DRs) and may play a role in cognitive processes. We investigated how pharmacologically blocking LCN D1DRs influences performance in an interval timing task and impacts neuronal activity in the frontal cortex. Interval timing requires executive processes such as working memory, attention, and planning and is known to rely on both the frontal cortex and cerebellum. In our interval timing task, male rats indicated their estimates of the passage of a period of several seconds by making lever presses for a water reward. We have shown that a cue-evoked burst of low-frequency activity in the MFC initiates ramping activity (i.e., monotonic increases or decreases of firing rate over time) in single MFC neurons. These patterns of activity are associated with successful interval timing performance. Here we explored how blocking right LCN D1DRs with the D1DR antagonist SCH23390 influences timing performance and neural activity in the contralateral (left) MFC. Our results indicate that blocking LCN D1DRs impaired some measures of interval timing performance. Additionally, ramping activity of MFC single units was significantly attenuated. These data provide insight into how catecholamines in the LCN may drive MFC neuronal dynamics to influence cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah Heskje
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Kelsey Heslin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Benjamin J De Corte
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Kyle P Walsh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Youngcho Kim
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Sangwoo Han
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Erik S Carlson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States; Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Puget Sound Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Seattle, WA 98108, United States
| | - Krystal L Parker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
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Pelzer EA, Melzer C, Schönberger A, Hess M, Timmermann L, Eggers C, Tittgemeyer M. Axonal degeneration in Parkinson's disease - Basal ganglia circuitry and D2 receptor availability. Neuroimage Clin 2019; 23:101906. [PMID: 31254937 PMCID: PMC6603438 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Basal ganglia (BG) circuitry plays a crucial role in the control of movement. Degeneration of its pathways and imbalance of dopaminergic signalling goes along with movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease. In this study, we explore the interaction of degeneration in two BG pathways (the nigro-striatal and dentato-pallidal pathway) with D2 receptor signalling to elucidate an association to motor impairment and medication response. Included in the study were 24 parkinsonian patients [male, 62 years (± 9.3 SD)] compared to 24 healthy controls [male, 63 years (± 10.2 SD)]; each participant passed through three phases of the study (i) acquisition of metadata/clinical testing, (ii) genotyping and (iii) anatomical/diffusion MRI. We report a decline in nigro-striatal (p < .003) and dentato-pallidal (p < .0001) connectivity in the patients compared to controls, which is associated with increasing motor impairment (relating to nigro-striatal, r = -0.48; p < .001 and dentato-pallidal connectivity, r = -0.36; p = .035). Given, that variations of the ANKK1 Taq1 (rs 1,800,497) allele alters dopamine D2-dependent responses, all participants were genotyped respectively. By grouping patients (and controls) according to their ANKK1 genotype, we demonstrate a link between D2 receptor signalling and decline in connectivity in both investigated pathways for the A1- variant (nigro-striatal pathway: r = -0.53; p = .012, dentato-pallidal pathway: r = -0.62; p = .0012). In patients with the A1+ variant, we only found increased brain connectivity in the dentato-pallidal pathway (r = 0.71; p = .001) correlating with increasing motor impairment, suggesting a potentially compensatory function of the cerebellum. Related to medication response carriers of the A1+ variant had a better drug effect associated with stronger brain connectivity in the nigro-striatal pathway (r = 0.54; p < .02); the A1- group had a good medication response although nigro-striatal connectivity was diminished (r = -0.38; p < .05); these results underscore differences in receptor availability between both groups in the nigro-striatal pathway. No effect onto medication response was found in the dentato-pallidal pathway (p > .05). Interplay between basal ganglia connectivity and D2 receptor availability influence the clinical presentation and medication response of parkinsonian patients. Furthermore, while current models of basal-ganglia function emphasize that balanced activity in the direct and indirect pathways is required for normal movement, our data highlight a role of the cerebellum in compensating for physiological imbalances in this respect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Annegret Pelzer
- Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research Cologne, Germany, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Corina Melzer
- Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research Cologne, Germany, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Schönberger
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Hess
- Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research Cologne, Germany, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Lars Timmermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Marburg, Baldingerstr., 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Eggers
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Marburg, Baldingerstr., 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Marc Tittgemeyer
- Max-Planck-Institute for Metabolism Research Cologne, Germany, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Cluster of Excellence in Cellular Stress and Aging-Associated Disease (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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18
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Barsuglia JP, Polanco M, Palmer R, Malcolm BJ, Kelmendi B, Calvey T. A case report SPECT study and theoretical rationale for the sequential administration of ibogaine and 5-MeO-DMT in the treatment of alcohol use disorder. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2018; 242:121-158. [PMID: 30471678 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ibogaine is a plant-derived alkaloid and dissociative psychedelic that demonstrates anti-addictive properties with several substances of abuse, including alcohol. 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) is a naturally occurring psychedelic known to occasion potent mystical-type experiences and also demonstrates anti-addictive properties. The potential therapeutic effects of both compounds in treating alcohol use disorder require further investigation and there are no published human neuroimaging findings of either treatment to date. We present the case of a 31-year-old male military veteran with moderate alcohol use disorder who sought treatment at an inpatient clinic in Mexico that utilized a sequential protocol with ibogaine hydrochloride (1550mg, 17.9mg/kg) on day 1, followed by vaporized 5-MeO-DMT (bufotoxin source 50mg, estimated 5-MeO-DMT content, 5-7mg) on day 3. The patient received SPECT neuroimaging that included a resting-state protocol before, and 3 days after completion of the program. During the patient's ibogaine treatment, he experienced dream-like visions that included content pertaining to his alcohol use and resolution of past developmental traumas. He described his treatment with 5-MeO-DMT as a peak transformational and spiritual breakthrough. On post-treatment SPECT neuroimaging, increases in brain perfusion were noted in bilateral caudate nuclei, left putamen, right insula, as well as temporal, occipital, and cerebellar regions compared to the patient's baseline scan. The patient reported improvement in mood, cessation of alcohol use, and reduced cravings at 5 days post-treatment, effects which were sustained at 1 month, with a partial return to mild alcohol use at 2 months. In this case, serial administration of ibogaine and 5-MeO-DMT resulted in increased perfusion in multiple brain regions broadly associated with alcohol use disorders and known pharmacology of both compounds, which coincided with a short-term therapeutic outcome. We present theoretical considerations regarding the potential of both psychedelic medicines in treating alcohol use disorders in the context of these isolated findings, and areas for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Barsuglia
- Crossroads Treatment Center, Tijuana, Mexico; Mission Within, Oakland, CA, United States; New School Research, LLC, North Hollywood, CA, United States; Terra Incognita Project, NGO, Ben Lomond, CA, United States.
| | - Martin Polanco
- Crossroads Treatment Center, Tijuana, Mexico; Mission Within, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Robert Palmer
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Benjamin J Malcolm
- College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Benjamin Kelmendi
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Tanya Calvey
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Wearick-Silva LE, Orso R, Martins LA, Creutzberg KC, Centeno-Silva A, Xavier LL, Grassi-Oliveira R, Mestriner RG. Dual influences of early life stress induced by limited bedding on walking adaptability and Bdnf/TrkB and Drd1/Drd2 gene expression in different mouse brain regions. Behav Brain Res 2018; 359:66-72. [PMID: 30347225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Evidence suggests early life stress impairs development, quality of life and increases vulnerability to disease. One important aspect of the stress experience is its impact on cognitive-motor performance, which includes the ability to adapt walking according to the environmental conditions. This study aimed to investigate how early-life stress affects walking adaptability of mice, while investigating BDNF/TrkB and Drd1/Drd2 expression in different brain regions. Methods Briefly, we exposed male C56BL/6 to the limited bedding protocol (LB) from post-natal day (PND) 2 to PND9 and then tested animals in the ladder walking task at PND60. RT-qPCR was used to investigate gene expression in the mPFC, hippocampus, motor cortex and cerebellum 2 h after the task Results LB induced a wide range of variability and therefore two distinct subgroups of animals within the LB group were established: a) superior performance (LB-SP); and b) inferior performance (LB-IP), compared to controls. Additionally, Drd1 gene expression was increased in the mPFC of LB-IP animals and in the cerebellum of LB-SP animals, while Drd2 expression was reduced in the hippocampus of the LB-IP group. BDNF exon IV gene expression in the mPFC and motor cortex was increased in both the LB-IP and LB-SP subgroups. TrkB gene expression in the hippocampus was reduced in the LB-IP group. A strong negative correlation was found between walking adaptability performance and BDNF exon IV gene expression in the motor cortex. Conversely, a positive correlation was found between walking adaptability performance and TrkB expression in the mPFC and a negative correlation in the hippocampus. Both Drd1 and Drd2 gene expression were negatively correlated with the ability to adapt walking. Conclusions Overall, our findings suggest exposure to early life stress leads to distinct walking adaptability phenotypes, which may be related to Drd1, Drd2, Bdnf exon IV and TrkB gene expression in brain regions that influence walking adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Wearick-Silva
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - R Orso
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - L A Martins
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair Research Group, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - K C Creutzberg
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - A Centeno-Silva
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - L L Xavier
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair Research Group, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - R Grassi-Oliveira
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - R G Mestriner
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair Research Group, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Ren S, Chen M, Yang L, Liu Z. 5-Hydroxytryptamine and Dopamine Neurons in the Cerebellum of the New-Hatching Yangtze Alligator Alligator sinensis. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 302:861-868. [PMID: 30315688 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nissl and immunohistochemical staining methods were used to morphologically characterize the cerebellum of the new-hatching Yangtze alligator, and the cerebellar histological structure and the distribution profiles of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) neurons were investigated for the first time. The results of cerebellar histological structure showed that there was a ventriculus cerebelli in the cerebellum of the new-hatching Yangtze alligator, the surface of the cerebellar cortex was not very smooth, the cerebellar cortex could be divided into four layers, which include external granular layer, molecular layer, Purkinje cell layer and granular layer, Purkinje cell layer could be characterized specially by multilayer, two cerebellar nuclei termed as the nucleus cerebelli lateralis and the nucleus cerebelli medialis were found in the cerebellar medulla. 5-hydroxytryptamine-immunoreactive (5-HT-IR) and dopamine-immunoreactive (DA-IR) neurons and fibers distributed widely in the cerebellum. The structures and profiles of 5-HT-IR and DA-IR neurons and fibers in the cerebellum of the Yangtze alligator were similar to that reported in other reptiles, but also had some specific features. The abundance of 5-HT and DA in cerebellum suggested that these highly conserved neurotransmitters would play important roles in motor control. Anat Rec, 302:861-868, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Ren
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources in Anhui, Foundation of Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotic Environment and Ecological Safety in Anhui, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, China
| | - Meifang Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources in Anhui, Foundation of Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotic Environment and Ecological Safety in Anhui, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, China
| | - Lanying Yang
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources in Anhui, Foundation of Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotic Environment and Ecological Safety in Anhui, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, China
| | - Zaiqun Liu
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources in Anhui, Foundation of Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotic Environment and Ecological Safety in Anhui, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, China
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Physiological Whole-Brain Distribution of [18F]FDOPA Uptake Index in Relation to Age and Gender: Results from a Voxel-Based Semi-quantitative Analysis. Mol Imaging Biol 2018; 21:549-557. [PMID: 30073569 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1256-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Behavioral and neurochemical characterization of the mlh mutant mice lacking otoconia. Behav Brain Res 2018; 359:958-966. [PMID: 29913187 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Otoconia are crucial for the correct processing of positional information and orientation. Mice lacking otoconia cannot sense the direction of the gravity vector and cannot swim properly. This study aims to characterize the behavior of mergulhador (mlh), otoconia-deficient mutant mice. Additionally, the central catecholamine levels were evaluated to investigate possible correlations between behaviors and central neurotransmitters. A sequence of behavioral tests was used to evaluate the parameters related to the general activity, sensory nervous system, psychomotor system, and autonomous nervous system, in addition to measuring the acquisition of spatial and declarative memory, anxiety-like behavior, motor coordination, and swimming behavior of the mlh mutant mice. As well, the neurotransmitter levels in the cerebellum, striatum, frontal cortex, and hippocampus were measured. Relative to BALB/c mice, the mutant mlh mice showed 1) reduced locomotor and rearing behavior, increased auricular and touch reflexes, decreased motor coordination and increased micturition; 2) decreased responses in the T-maze and aversive wooden beam tests; 3) increased time of immobility in the tail suspension test; 4) no effects in the elevated plus maze or object recognition test; 5) an inability to swim; and 6) reduced turnover of dopaminergic system in the cerebellum, striatum, and frontal cortex. Thus, in our mlh mutant mice, otoconia deficiency reduced the motor, sensory and spatial learning behaviors likely by impairing balance. We did not rule out the role of the dopaminergic system in all behavioral deficits of the mlh mutant mice.
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Lotankar S, Prabhavalkar KS, Bhatt LK. Biomarkers for Parkinson's Disease: Recent Advancement. Neurosci Bull 2017; 33:585-597. [PMID: 28936761 PMCID: PMC5636742 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-017-0183-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As a multi-factorial degenerative disease, Parkinson's disease (PD) leads to tremor, gait rigidity, and hypokinesia, thus hampering normal living. As this disease is usually detected in the later stages when neurons have degenerated completely, cure is on hold, ultimately leading to death due to the lack of early diagnostic techniques. Thus, biomarkers are required to detect the disease in the early stages when prevention is possible. Various biomarkers providing early diagnosis of the disease include those of imaging, cerebrospinal fluid, oxidative stress, neuroprotection, and inflammation. Also, biomarkers, alone or in combination, are used in the diagnosis and evolution of PD. This review encompasses various biomarkers available for PD and discusses recent advances in their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharvari Lotankar
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Kedar S Prabhavalkar
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India.
| | - Lokesh K Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
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Ferrucci R, Bocci T, Cortese F, Ruggiero F, Priori A. Cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation in neurological disease. CEREBELLUM & ATAXIAS 2016; 3:16. [PMID: 27595007 PMCID: PMC5010772 DOI: 10.1186/s40673-016-0054-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have highlighted the therapeutic potential of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in patients with neurological diseases, including dementia, epilepsy, post-stroke dysfunctions, movement disorders, and other pathological conditions. Because of this technique’s ability to modify cerebellar excitability without significant side effects, cerebellar tDCS is a new, interesting, and powerful tool to induce plastic modifications in the cerebellum. In this report, we review a number of interesting studies on the application of cerebellar tDCS for various neurological conditions (ataxia, Parkinson’s disease, dystonia, essential tremor) and the possible mechanism by which the stimulation acts on the cerebellum. Study findings indicate that cerebellar tDCS is a promising therapeutic tool in treating several neurological disorders; however, this method’s efficacy appears to be limited, given the current data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ferrucci
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy ; Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso Bocci
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Cortese
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabiana Ruggiero
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Priori
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy ; Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy ; III Clinica Neurologica, Polo Ospedaliero San Paolo, via Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
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Zhang X, Newport G, Callicott R, Liu S, Thompson J, Berridge M, Apana S, Slikker W, Wang C, Paule M. MicroPET/CT assessment of FDG uptake in brain after long-term methylphenidate treatment in nonhuman primates. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2016; 56:68-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Prakash KG, Bannur BM, Chavan MD, Saniya K, Sailesh KS, Rajagopalan A. Neuroanatomical changes in Parkinson's disease in relation to cognition: An update. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2016; 7:123-126. [PMID: 27833890 PMCID: PMC5052937 DOI: 10.4103/2231-4040.191416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiological changes underlying impairment of cognition in Parkinson's disease (PD) are complex and not fully understood till date. Hence, understanding the structural changes responsible for cognitive decline in PD is essential for early diagnosis and to offer effective treatment. In this review, we discuss the neuroanatomical changes in major brain structures responsible for cognition in PD. We have included the key findings of various studies to provide up-to-date information for better understanding of pathophysiology of PD, which will help researchers and clinicians in planning and developing new treatment methods for the benefit of PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Prakash
- Department of Anatomy, Azeezia Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - B M Bannur
- Department of Anatomy, Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre (B. L. D. E. University), Bijapur, Karnataka, India
| | - Madhavrao D Chavan
- Department of Pharmacology, Azeezia Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - K Saniya
- Department of Anatomy, Azeezia Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - Kumar Sai Sailesh
- Department of Physiology, Little Flower Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Angamaly, Kerala, India
| | - Archana Rajagopalan
- Department of Physiology, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Frederick A, Bourget-Murray J, Chapman CA, Amir S, Courtemanche R. Diurnal influences on electrophysiological oscillations and coupling in the dorsal striatum and cerebellar cortex of the anesthetized rat. Front Syst Neurosci 2014; 8:145. [PMID: 25309348 PMCID: PMC4163932 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms modulate behavioral processes over a 24 h period through clock gene expression. What is largely unknown is how these molecular influences shape neural activity in different brain areas. The clock gene Per2 is rhythmically expressed in the striatum and the cerebellum and its expression is linked with daily fluctuations in extracellular dopamine levels and D2 receptor activity. Electrophysiologically, dopamine depletion enhances striatal local field potential (LFP) oscillations. We investigated if LFP oscillations and synchrony were influenced by time of day, potentially via dopamine mechanisms. To assess the presence of a diurnal effect, oscillatory power and coherence were examined in the striatum and cerebellum of rats under urethane anesthesia at four different times of day zeitgeber time (ZT1, 7, 13 and 19—indicating number of hours after lights turned on in a 12:12 h light-dark cycle). We also investigated the diurnal response to systemic raclopride, a D2 receptor antagonist. Time of day affected the proportion of LFP oscillations within the 0–3 Hz band and the 3–8 Hz band. In both the striatum and the cerebellum, slow oscillations were strongest at ZT1 and weakest at ZT13. A 3–8 Hz oscillation was present when the slow oscillation was lowest, with peak 3–8 Hz activity occurring at ZT13. Raclopride enhanced the slow oscillations, and had the greatest effect at ZT13. Within the striatum and with the cerebellum, 0–3 Hz coherence was greatest at ZT1, when the slow oscillations were strongest. Coherence was also affected the most by raclopride at ZT13. Our results suggest that neural oscillations in the cerebellum and striatum, and the synchrony between these areas, are modulated by time of day, and that these changes are influenced by dopamine manipulation. This may provide insight into how circadian gene transcription patterns influence network electrophysiology. Future experiments will address how these network alterations are linked with behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Frederick
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology/FRQS Groupe de Recherche en Neurobiologie Comportementale, Concordia University Montreal, QC, Canada ; Department of Biology, Concordia University Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jonathan Bourget-Murray
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology/FRQS Groupe de Recherche en Neurobiologie Comportementale, Concordia University Montreal, QC, Canada ; M.D., C.M. Program, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - C Andrew Chapman
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology/FRQS Groupe de Recherche en Neurobiologie Comportementale, Concordia University Montreal, QC, Canada ; Department of Psychology, Concordia University Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shimon Amir
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology/FRQS Groupe de Recherche en Neurobiologie Comportementale, Concordia University Montreal, QC, Canada ; Department of Psychology, Concordia University Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Richard Courtemanche
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology/FRQS Groupe de Recherche en Neurobiologie Comportementale, Concordia University Montreal, QC, Canada ; Department of Exercise Science, Concordia University Montreal, QC, Canada
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Kishore A, Popa T. Cerebellum in levodopa-induced dyskinesias: the unusual suspect in the motor network. Front Neurol 2014; 5:157. [PMID: 25183959 PMCID: PMC4135237 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2014.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The exact mechanisms that generate levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LID) during chronic levodopa therapy for Parkinson’s disease (PD) are not yet fully established. The most widely accepted theories incriminate the non-physiological synthesis, release and reuptake of dopamine generated by exogenously administered levodopa in the striatum, and the aberrant plasticity in the cortico-striatal loops. However, normal motor performance requires the correct recruitment of motor maps. This depends on a high level of synergy within the primary motor cortex (M1) as well as between M1 and other cortical and subcortical areas, for which dopamine is necessary. The plastic mechanisms within M1, which are crucial for the maintenance of this synergy, are disrupted both during “OFF” and dyskinetic states in PD. When tested without levodopa, dyskinetic patients show loss of treatment benefits on long-term potentiation and long-term depression-like plasticity of the intracortical circuits. When tested with the regular pulsatile levodopa doses, they show further impairment of the M1 plasticity, such as inability to depotentiate an already facilitated synapse and paradoxical facilitation in response to afferent input aimed at synaptic inhibition. Dyskinetic patients have also severe impairment of the associative, sensorimotor plasticity of M1 attributed to deficient cerebellar modulation of sensory afferents to M1. Here, we review the anatomical and functional studies, including the recently described bidirectional connections between the cerebellum and the basal ganglia that support a key role of the cerebellum in the generation of LID. This model stipulates that aberrant neuronal synchrony in PD with LID may propagate from the subthalamic nucleus to the cerebellum and “lock” the cerebellar cortex in a hyperactive state. This could affect critical cerebellar functions such as the dynamic and discrete modulation of M1 plasticity and the matching of motor commands with sensory information from the environment during motor performance. We propose that in dyskinesias, M1 neurons have lost the ability to depotentiate an activated synapse when exposed to acute pulsatile, non-physiological, dopaminergic surges and become abnormally receptive to unfiltered, aberrant, and non-salient afferent inputs from the environment. The motor program selection in response to such non-salient and behaviorally irrelevant afferent inputs would be abnormal and involuntary. The motor responses are worsened by the lack of normal subcortico–cortical inputs from cerebellum and basal ganglia, because of the aberrant plasticity at their own synapses. Artificial cerebellar stimulation might help re-establish the cerebellar and basal ganglia control over the non-salient inputs to the motor areas during synaptic dopaminergic surges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Kishore
- Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Care Centre for Movement Disorders, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology , Kerala , India
| | - Traian Popa
- Centre de Neuroimagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelleepiniere (ICM) , Paris , France
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Schluter EW, Mitz AR, Cheer JF, Averbeck BB. Real-time dopamine measurement in awake monkeys. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98692. [PMID: 24921937 PMCID: PMC4055617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) is often used to measure real-time dopamine (DA) concentrations in awake, behaving rodents. Extending this technique to work in monkeys would provide a platform for advanced behavioral studies and a primate model for preclinical research. The present study demonstrates the feasibility of DA recordings in two awake monkeys (Macaca mulatta) using a mixture of techniques adapted from rodent, primate and brain slice work. We developed a long carbon fiber electrode to operate in the larger primate brain. This electrode was lowered into the striatum each day using a recording chamber and a detachable micromanipulator system. A manipulator also moved one or more tungsten stimulating electrodes into either the nearby striatum or the ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra pars compacta (VTA/SNc). We developed an electrical stimulation controller to reduce artifacts during electrical stimulation. We also introduce a stimulation-based methodology for estimating distances between electrodes in the brain. Dopamine responses within the striatum were evoked by either stimulation of the striatum near the FSCV electrode, or stimulation within the VTA/SNc. Unexpected juice rewards also evoked dopamine responses in the ventral striatum. Thus, we demonstrate that robust dopamine responses can be recorded from awake, behaving primates with FSCV. In addition, we describe how a stimulation technique borrowed from the neuroprosthetics field can activate the distributed monkey midbrain dopamine system in a way that mimics rodent VTA stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik W. Schluter
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Andrew R. Mitz
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joseph F. Cheer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bruno B. Averbeck
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by resting tremor, slowness of movements, rigidity, gait disturbance and postural instability. Most investigations on Parkinson’s disease focused on the basal ganglia, whereas the cerebellum has often been overlooked. However, increasing evidence suggests that the cerebellum may have certain roles in the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease. Anatomical studies identified reciprocal connections between the basal ganglia and cerebellum. There are Parkinson’s disease–related pathological changes in the cerebellum. Functional or morphological modulations in the cerebellum were detected related to akinesia/rigidity, tremor, gait disturbance, dyskinesia and some non-motor symptoms. It is likely that the major roles of the cerebellum in Parkinson’s disease include pathological and compensatory effects. Pathological changes in the cerebellum might be induced by dopaminergic degeneration, abnormal drives from the basal ganglia and dopaminergic treatment, and may account for some clinical symptoms in Parkinson’s disease. The compensatory effect may help maintain better motor and non-motor functions. The cerebellum is also a potential target for some parkinsonian symptoms. Our knowledge about the roles of the cerebellum in Parkinson’s disease remains limited, and further attention to the cerebellum is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory on Neurodegenerative Disorders of Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
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Aversion-related circuitry in the cerebellum: responses to noxious heat and unpleasant images. J Neurosci 2011; 31:3795-804. [PMID: 21389234 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.6709-10.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum is reliably activated during both acute and chronic pain conditions, but it is unclear whether the response to aversive painful stimuli can be generalized to other aversive stimuli. We hypothesized that cerebellar activation during pain reflects higher-level encoding of aversive stimuli. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to compare cerebellar responses in 11 healthy volunteers to noxious heat (46 °C) applied to the hand and to the passive viewing of images selected from the International Affective Picture System. Aversive stimuli in the form of noxious heat and unpleasant pictures (unpleasant vs neutral) activated overlapping areas in the posterior cerebellum, specifically in hemispheric lobule VI, Crus I, and VIIb. Pleasant pictures (pleasant vs neutral) did not share the same pattern of activation as observed with the aversive stimuli. Cerebellar areas that showed functional overlap with both heat pain and unpleasant picture viewing were significantly inversely correlated with fMRI signals measured in limbic system structures, including the anterior hypothalamus, subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, and the parahippocampal gyrus. Heat-specific functional connectivity was detected in many regions including primary motor cortex, secondary somatosensory cortex, anterior insula, and the periaqueductal gray. The overlap between cerebellar lobuli reactive to noxious heat and passive viewing of unpleasant images suggest that the cerebellum may contain specific regions involved in encoding generalized aversive processing. The separate cortical networks suggest that noxious heat-evoked responses in the cerebellum can be divided into sensorimotor and emotional networks.
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Hill JE, Makky K, Shrestha L, Hillard CJ, Gasser PJ. Natural and synthetic corticosteroids inhibit uptake 2-mediated transport in CNS neurons. Physiol Behav 2010; 104:306-11. [PMID: 21081135 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In addition to exerting actions via mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors, corticosteroids also act by inhibiting uptake(2), a high-capacity monoamine transport system originally described in peripheral tissues. Recent studies have demonstrated that uptake(2) transporters are expressed in the brain and play roles in monoamine clearance, suggesting that they mediate some corticosteroid effects on physiological and behavioral processes. However, the sensitivity of brain uptake(2) to many natural and synthetic corticosteroids has not been characterized. Cultured rat cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) were previously shown to exhibit corticosterone-sensitive accumulation of the uptake(2) substrate 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)). We examined the expression of uptake(1) and uptake(2) transporters in CGNs, and tested the effects of a variety of natural and synthetic corticosteroids on accumulation of [(3)H]-MPP(+) by these cells. Cultured rat CGNs expressed mRNA for three uptake(2)-like transporters: organic cation transporters 1 and 3, and the plasma membrane monoamine transporter. They did not express mRNA for the dopamine or norepinephrine transporters, and expressed very little mRNA for the serotonin reuptake transporter. Accumulation of [(3)H]-MPP(+) by CGNs was dose-dependently inhibited by corticosterone and decynium-22, known inhibitors of uptake(2). Accumulation of MPP(+) was also dose-dependently inhibited, with varying efficacies, by aldosterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone, cortisol, and cortisone, and by the synthetic glucocorticoids betamethasone, dexamethasone and prednisolone, and the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU38486. These studies demonstrate that uptake(2) in the CNS is inhibited by a variety of natural and synthetic corticosteroids, and suggest that inhibition of uptake(2)-mediated monoamine clearance may underlie some behavioral and physiological effects of these hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E Hill
- Marquette University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
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Gelfo F, Cutuli D, Foti F, Laricchiuta D, De Bartolo P, Caltagirone C, Petrosini L, Angelucci F. Enriched Environment Improves Motor Function and Increases Neurotrophins in Hemicerebellar Lesioned Rats. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2010; 25:243-52. [DOI: 10.1177/1545968310380926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background. Environmental enrichment (EE) defined as “a combination of complex inanimate and social stimulation” influences brain function and anatomy by enhancing sensory, cognitive, motor, and social stimulation. The beneficial effects of EE in the presence of brain damage have been partially attributed to upregulation of neurotrophins, proteins involved in neuronal survival and in activity-dependent plasticity. Objective. The authors tested the hypothesis that EE may have advantageous effects on recovery of motor function after cerebellar damage, associated with changes in local neurotrophin production. Methods. They performed a hemicerebellectomy in rats previously exposed to EE or reared in standard conditions. The time course of compensation of motor symptoms was analyzed in both lesioned groups. Then, the local production of the nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the spared hemicerebellum and other extracerebellar regions was evaluated. Results. Long-term exposure to EE accelerated the motor recovery in hemicerebellectomized rats and elicited an increase in NGF levels in the spared hemicerebellum, as compared with nonenriched lesioned and control rats. BDNF levels were higher in hemicerebellectomized rats but not influenced by EE. In the frontal cortex, both NGF and BDNF levels were upregulated in hemicerebellectomized enriched rats as compared with hemicerebellectomized nonenriched and control rats. Conclusions. This study suggests that the beneficial effects of EE on motor symptoms after cerebellar damage may be, at least partly, because of modulation of neurotrophic proteins involved in the regeneration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gelfo
- IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- University of Naples “Parthenope”, Naples, Italy
| | - Debora Cutuli
- IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Foti
- IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paola De Bartolo
- IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Laura Petrosini
- IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
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Marmolino D, Manto M. Past, present and future therapeutics for cerebellar ataxias. Curr Neuropharmacol 2010; 8:41-61. [PMID: 20808545 PMCID: PMC2866461 DOI: 10.2174/157015910790909476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Revised: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar ataxias are a group of disabling neurological disorders. Patients exhibit a cerebellar syndrome and can also present with extra-cerebellar deficits, namely pigmentary retinopathy, extrapyramidal movement disorders, pyramidal signs, cortical symptoms (seizures, cognitive impairment/behavioural symptoms), and peripheral neuropathy. Recently, deficits in cognitive operations have been unraveled. Cerebellar ataxias are heterogeneous both at the phenotypic and genotypic point of view. Therapeutical trials performed during these last 4 decades have failed in most cases, in particular because drugs were not targeting a deleterious pathway, but were given to counteract putative defects in neurotransmission. The identification of the causative mutations of many hereditary ataxias, the development of relevant animal models and the recent identifications of the molecular mechanisms underlying ataxias are impacting on the development of new drugs. We provide an overview of the pharmacological treatments currently used in the clinical practice and we discuss the drugs under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Marmolino
- Laboratoire de Neurologie Expèrimentale ULB-Erasme, Brussels, Belgium.
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Increased Concentrations of Nerve Growth Factor and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in the Rat Cerebellum After Exposure to Environmental Enrichment. THE CEREBELLUM 2009; 8:499-506. [DOI: 10.1007/s12311-009-0129-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Pharmacological characterization and anatomical distribution of the dopamine transporter in the mouse cerebellum. THE CEREBELLUM 2009; 7:242-51. [PMID: 18418665 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-008-0005-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We studied the binding parameters, the pharmacological profile and the anatomical distribution of the dopamine transporter in the mouse cerebellum by using the specific dopamine uptake antagonist [(3)H]GBR12935 and an antidopamine transporter monoclonal antibody. Competition experiments in cerebellar and striatal membrane preparations showed that [(3)H]GBR12935 binds to a specific binding site, sensitive to dopamine and low concentrations of mazindol. The affinity of dopamine for the cerebellar binding site was one order of magnitude lower than the affinity for the striatal binding site. Saturation experiments in cerebellar membrane preparations and thin frozen sections showed that the affinity of [(3)H]GBR12935 for this binding site is similar to its affinity for the striatal dopamine transporter. Saturable binding was lobule specific and in general was higher in the molecular layer compared to the granule cell layer. The immunohistochemical signal was mostly concentrated in the Purkinje cell layer and the cerebellar nuclei. The results suggest that the cerebellar dopamine transporter is similar but not identical to the striatal dopamine transporter and that it is present in the mouse cerebellum in a lobule and lamina specific pattern.
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Abstract
Functional MRI (fMRI) research in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a fast developing and very complex field. Every study appears to show differences in patterns of brain activation between cases and controls, but the interpretation of such differences is not as straightforward as it may seem. We present here a systematic review of the fMRI literature in ADHD; areas covered include executive functions, reward processing, the effects of methylphenidate, comorbidity and spontaneous brain activity in the resting state. To facilitate the interpretation of research in this area, we discuss important conceptual issues, such as the need to take group differences in performance into account or to consider the role of errors. We present common themes that emerge from these studies and we discuss possible reasons for the many discrepancies that were observed. Finally, based on existing literature and current advancements in fMRI research, we discuss the role that fMRI could play in the future as a diagnostic tool or in treatment outcome predictions, and we make predictions for the future directions of research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannis Paloyelis
- MRC Social Genetic Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre (P080), Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park London, UK, SE5 8AF Tel: 02078480748 Fax: 02078480866
| | - Mitul A. Mehta
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences Box 089, Institute of Psychiatry De Crespigny Park London SE5 8AF Tel: 020 3228 3053 Fax: 020 3228 2116
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- MRC Social Genetic Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre (P080), Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park London, UK, SE5 8AF
| | - Philip Asherson
- MRC Social Genetic Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre (P080), Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park London, UK, SE5 8AF Tel: 0207 848 0078 (office) 0207 848 5363 (administration) Fax: 0207 848 0866
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