1
|
Gonzalez-Rodriguez M, Marin-Valencia I. Metabolic Determinants of Cerebellar Circuit Formation and Maintenance. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023:10.1007/s12311-023-01641-2. [PMID: 38123901 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-023-01641-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Cells configure their metabolism in a synchronized and timely manner to meet their energy demands throughout development and adulthood. Transitions of developmental stages are coupled to metabolic shifts, such that glycolysis is highly active during cell proliferation, whereas oxidative phosphorylation prevails in postmitotic states. In the cerebellum, metabolic transitions are remarkable given its protracted developmental timelines. Such distinctive feature, along with its high neuronal density and metabolic demands, make the cerebellum highly vulnerable to metabolic insults. Despite the expansion of metabolomic approaches to uncover biological mechanisms, little is known about the role of metabolism on cerebellar development and maintenance. To illuminate the intricate connections between metabolism, physiology, and cerebellar disorders, we examined here the impact of metabolism on cerebellar growth, maturation, and adulthood through the lens of inborn errors of metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Gonzalez-Rodriguez
- The Abimael Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Isaac Marin-Valencia
- The Abimael Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Departments of Neuroscience, Genetics and Genomics Medicine, and Pediatrics Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Arts NJM, van Dorst MEG, Vos SH, Kessels RPC. Coordination and Cognition in Pure Nutritional Wernicke’s Encephalopathy with Cerebellar Degeneration after COVID-19 Infection: A Unique Case Report. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12072511. [PMID: 37048595 PMCID: PMC10094782 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Alcoholic cerebellar degeneration is a restricted form of cerebellar degeneration, clinically leading to an ataxia of stance and gait and occurring in the context of alcohol misuse in combination with malnutrition and thiamine depletion. However, a similar degeneration may also develop after non-alcoholic malnutrition, but evidence for a lasting ataxia of stance and gait and lasting abnormalities in the cerebellum is lacking in the few patients described with purely nutritional cerebellar degeneration (NCD). Methods: We present a case of a 46-year-old woman who developed NCD and Wernicke’s encephalopathy (WE) due to COVID-19 and protracted vomiting, resulting in thiamine depletion. We present her clinical course over the first 6 months after the diagnosis of NCD and WE, with thorough neuropsychological and neurological examinations, standardized clinical observations, laboratory investigations, and repeated MRIs. Results: We found a persistent ataxia of stance and gait and evidence for an irreversible restricted cerebellar degeneration. However, the initial cognitive impairments resolved. Conclusions: Our study shows that NCD without involvement of alcohol neurotoxicity and with a characteristic ataxia of stance and gait exists and may be irreversible. We did not find any evidence for lasting cognitive abnormalities or a cerebellar cognitive-affective syndrome (CCAS) in this patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaas J. M. Arts
- Centre of Excellence for Korsakoff and Alcohol-Related Cognitive Disorders, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, 5803 DN Venray, The Netherlands
- Winkler Neuropsychiatry Clinic and Korsakoff Centre, Pro Persona Institute for Psychiatry, 6874 BE Wolfheze, The Netherlands
| | - Maud E. G. van Dorst
- Centre of Excellence for Korsakoff and Alcohol-Related Cognitive Disorders, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, 5803 DN Venray, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra H. Vos
- Centre of Excellence for Korsakoff and Alcohol-Related Cognitive Disorders, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, 5803 DN Venray, The Netherlands
| | - Roy P. C. Kessels
- Centre of Excellence for Korsakoff and Alcohol-Related Cognitive Disorders, Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry, 5803 DN Venray, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 GD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Tactus Addiction Care, 7400 AD Deventer, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Moya M, Escudero B, Gómez-Blázquez E, Rebolledo-Poves AB, López-Gallardo M, Guerrero C, Marco EM, Orio L. Upregulation of TLR4/MyD88 pathway in alcohol-induced Wernicke’s encephalopathy: Findings in preclinical models and in a postmortem human case. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:866574. [PMID: 36225571 PMCID: PMC9549119 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.866574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wernicke’s encephalopathy (WE) is a neurologic disease caused by vitamin B1 or thiamine deficiency (TD), being the alcohol use disorder its main risk factor. WE patients present limiting motor, cognitive, and emotional alterations related to a selective cerebral vulnerability. Neuroinflammation has been proposed to be one of the phenomena that contribute to brain damage. Our previous studies provide evidence for the involvement of the innate immune receptor Toll-like (TLR)4 in the inflammatory response induced in the frontal cortex and cerebellum in TD animal models (animals fed with TD diet [TDD] and receiving pyrithiamine). Nevertheless, the effects of the combination of chronic alcohol consumption and TD on TLR4 and their specific contribution to the pathogenesis of WE are currently unknown. In addition, no studies on TLR4 have been conducted on WE patients since brains from these patients are difficult to achieve. Here, we used rat models of chronic alcohol (CA; 9 months of forced consumption of 20% (w/v) alcohol), TD hit (TDD + daily 0.25 mg/kg i.p. pyrithiamine during 12 days), or combined treatment (CA + TDD) to check the activation of the proinflammatory TLR4/MyD88 pathway and related markers in the frontal cortex and the cerebellum. In addition, we characterized for the first time the TLR4 and its coreceptor MyD88 signature, along with other markers of this proinflammatory signaling such as phospo-NFκB p65 and IκBα, in the postmortem human frontal cortex and cerebellum (gray and white matter) of an alcohol-induced WE patient, comparing it with negative (no disease) and positive (aged brain with Alzheimer’s disease) control subjects for neuroinflammation. We found an increase in the cortical TLR4 and its adaptor molecule MyD88, together with an upregulation of the proinflammatory signaling molecules p-NF-ĸB and IĸBα in the CA + TDD animal model. In the patient diagnosed with alcohol-induced WE, we observed cortical and cerebellar upregulation of the TLR4/MyD88 pathway. Hence, our findings provide evidence, both in the animal model and the human postmortem brain, of the upregulation of the TLR4/MyD88 proinflammatory pathway in alcohol consumption–related WE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Moya
- Department of Psychobiology and Methods in Behavioral Science, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Berta Escudero
- Department of Psychobiology and Methods in Behavioral Science, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Carmen Guerrero
- Biobanco of Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Eva M. Marco
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Orio
- Department of Psychobiology and Methods in Behavioral Science, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Research Network in Primary Care in Addictions (Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria en Adicciones), Riapad, Spain
- *Correspondence: Laura Orio,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rufini A, Malisan F, Condò I, Testi R. Drug Repositioning in Friedreich Ataxia. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:814445. [PMID: 35221903 PMCID: PMC8863941 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.814445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Friedreich ataxia is a rare neurodegenerative disorder caused by insufficient levels of the essential mitochondrial protein frataxin. It is a severely debilitating disease that significantly impacts the quality of life of affected patients and reduces their life expectancy, however, an adequate cure is not yet available for patients. Frataxin function, although not thoroughly elucidated, is associated with assembly of iron-sulfur cluster and iron metabolism, therefore insufficient frataxin levels lead to reduced activity of many mitochondrial enzymes involved in the electron transport chain, impaired mitochondrial metabolism, reduced ATP production and inefficient anti-oxidant response. As a consequence, neurons progressively die and patients progressively lose their ability to coordinate movement and perform daily activities. Therapeutic strategies aim at restoring sufficient frataxin levels or at correcting some of the downstream consequences of frataxin deficiency. However, the classical pathways of drug discovery are challenging, require a significant amount of resources and time to reach the final approval, and present a high failure rate. Drug repositioning represents a viable alternative to boost the identification of a therapy, particularly for rare diseases where resources are often limited. In this review we will describe recent efforts aimed at the identification of a therapy for Friedreich ataxia through drug repositioning, and discuss the limitation of such strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Rufini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
- Fratagene Therapeutics, Rome, Italy
- Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Alessandra Rufini,
| | - Florence Malisan
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivano Condò
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Testi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
- Fratagene Therapeutics, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Moya M, San Felipe D, Ballesta A, Alén F, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, García-Bueno B, Marco EM, Orio L. Cerebellar and cortical TLR4 activation and behavioral impairments in Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome: Pharmacological effects of oleoylethanolamide. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 108:110190. [PMID: 33271211 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome (WKS) is a neuropsychiatric disorder whose etiology is a thiamine deficiency (TD), with alcoholism being the main underlying cause. Previous evidence suggests the presence of initial neuroinflammation and oxidative/nitrosative stress in the physiopathology, although the specific molecular mechanisms underlying TD-induced brain damage and behavioral disabilities are unknown. We explored the specific role of the innate immune receptor TLR4 in three murine models of WKS, based on the combination of a thiamine-deficient diet and pyrithiamine injections (0.25 mg/kg, i.p.) over time. The Symptomatic Model (SM) allowed us to describe the complete neurological/neurobehavioral symptomatology over 16 days of TD. Animals showed an upregulation of the TLR4 signaling pathway both in the frontal cortex (FC) and cerebellum and clear motor impairments related with cerebellar dysfunction. However, in the Pre-Symptomatic Model (PSM), 12 days of TD induced the TLR4 pathway upregulation in the FC, which correlated with disinhibited-like behavior, but not in the cerebellum, and no motor impairments. In addition, we tested the effects of the biolipid oleoylethanolamide (OEA, 10 mg/kg, i.p., once daily, starting before any symptom of the pathology is manifested) through the Glucose-Precipitated Model (GPM), which was generated by glucose loading (5 g/kg, i.v., last day) in thiamine-deficient animals to accelerate damage. Pretreatment with OEA prevented the TLR4-induced signature in the FC, as well as an underlying incipient memory disability and disinhibited-like behavior. This study suggests a key role for TLR4 in TD-induced neuroinflammation in the FC and cerebellum, and it reveals different vulnerability of these brain regions in WKS over time. Pre-treatment with OEA counteracts TD-induced TLR4-associated neuroinflammation and may serve as co-adjuvant therapy to prevent WKS-induced neurobehavioral alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Moya
- Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain; Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RTA) del Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - Diego San Felipe
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, UCM, Spain
| | - Antonio Ballesta
- Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Alén
- Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Regional de Málaga, Spain; Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RTA) del Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - Borja García-Bueno
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, UCM, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica UCM, Spain
| | - Eva M Marco
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, UCM, Spain; Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RTA) del Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain
| | - Laura Orio
- Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain; Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RTA) del Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Britton MK, Porges EC, Bryant V, Cohen RA. Neuroimaging and Cognitive Evidence for Combined HIV-Alcohol Effects on the Central Nervous System: A Review. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 45:290-306. [PMID: 33296091 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) among people living with HIV (PLWH) is a significant public health concern. Despite the advent of effective antiretroviral therapy, up to 50% of PLWH still experience worsened neurocognition, which comorbid AUD exacerbates. We report converging lines of neuroimaging and neuropsychological evidence linking comorbid HIV/AUD to dysfunction in brain regions linked to executive function, learning and memory, processing speed, and motor control, and consequently to impairment in daily life. The brain shrinkage, functional network alterations, and brain metabolite disruption seen in individuals with HIV/AUD have been attributed to several interacting pathways: viral proteins and EtOH are directly neurotoxic and exacerbate each other's neurotoxic effects; EtOH reduces antiretroviral adherence and increases viral replication; AUD and HIV both increase gut microbial translocation, promoting systemic inflammation and HIV transport into the brain by immune cells; and HIV may compound alcohol's damaging effects on the liver, further increasing inflammation. We additionally review the neurocognitive effects of aging, Hepatitis C coinfection, obesity, and cardiovascular disease, tobacco use, and nutritional deficiencies, all of which have been shown to compound cognitive changes in HIV, AUD, and in their comorbidity. Finally, we examine emerging questions in HIV/AUD research, including genetic and cognitive protective factors, the role of binge drinking in HIV/AUD-linked cognitive decline, and whether neurocognitive and brain functions normalize after drinking cessation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark K Britton
- From the, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, (MKB, ECP, VB, RAC), Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Cognitive Aging and Memory Clinical Translational Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Eric C Porges
- From the, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, (MKB, ECP, VB, RAC), Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Cognitive Aging and Memory Clinical Translational Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Vaughn Bryant
- From the, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, (MKB, ECP, VB, RAC), Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Cognitive Aging and Memory Clinical Translational Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, (VB), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ronald A Cohen
- From the, Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, (MKB, ECP, VB, RAC), Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Cognitive Aging and Memory Clinical Translational Research Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chatterton BJ, Nunes PT, Savage LM. The Effect of Chronic Ethanol Exposure and Thiamine Deficiency on Myelin-related Genes in the Cortex and the Cerebellum. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:2481-2493. [PMID: 33067870 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term alcohol consumption has been linked to structural and functional brain abnormalities. Furthermore, with persistent exposure to ethanol (EtOH), nutrient deficiencies often develop. Thiamine deficiency is a key contributor to alcohol-related brain damage and is suspected to contribute to white matter pathology. The expression of genes encoding myelin proteins in several cortical brain regions is altered with EtOH exposure. However, there is limited research regarding the impact of thiamine deficiency on myelin dysfunction. METHODS A rat model was used to assess the impact of moderate chronic EtOH exposure (CET; 20% EtOH in drinking water for 1 or 6 months), pyrithiamine-induced thiamine deficiency treatment (PTD), both conditions combined (CET-PTD), or CET with thiamine injections (CET + T) on myelin-related gene expression (Olig1, Olig2, MBP, MAG, and MOG) in the frontal and parietal cortices and the cerebellum. RESULTS The CET-PTD treatments caused the greatest suppression in myelin-related genes in the cortex. Specifically, the parietal cortex was the region that was most susceptible to PTD-CET-induced alterations in myelin-related genes. In addition, PTD treatment, with and without CET, caused minor fluctuations in the expression of several myelin-related genes in the frontal cortex. In contrast, CET alone and PTD alone suppressed several myelin-related genes in the cerebellum. Regardless of the region, there was significant recovery of myelin-related genes with extended abstinence and/or thiamine restoration. CONCLUSION Moderate chronic EtOH alone had a minor effect on the suppression of myelin-related genes in the cortex; however, when combined with thiamine deficiency, the reduction was amplified. There was a suppression of myelin-related genes following long-term EtOH and thiamine deficiency in the cerebellum. However, the suppression in the myelin-related genes mostly occurred 24 h after EtOH removal or following thiamine restoration; within 3 weeks of abstinence or thiamine recovery, gene expression rebounded.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J Chatterton
- From the, Department of Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Polliana T Nunes
- From the, Department of Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Lisa M Savage
- From the, Department of Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bolaños-Burgos IC, Bernal-Correa AM, Mahecha GAB, Ribeiro ÂM, Kushmerick C. Thiamine Deficiency Increases Intrinsic Excitability of Mouse Cerebellar Purkinje Cells. THE CEREBELLUM 2020; 20:186-202. [PMID: 33098550 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-020-01202-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Thiamine deficiency is associated with cerebellar dysfunction; however, the consequences of thiamine deficiency on the electrophysiological properties of cerebellar Purkinje cells are poorly understood. Here, we evaluated these parameters in brain slices containing cerebellar vermis. Adult mice were maintained for 12-13 days on a thiamine-free diet coupled with daily injections of pyrithiamine, an inhibitor of thiamine phosphorylation. Morphological analysis revealed a 20% reduction in Purkinje cell and nuclear volume in thiamine-deficient animals compared to feeding-matched controls, with no reduction in cell count. Under whole-cell current clamp, thiamine-deficient Purkinje cells required significantly less current injection to fire an action potential. This reduction in rheobase was not due to a change in voltage threshold. Rather, thiamine-deficient neurons presented significantly higher input resistance specifically in the voltage range just below threshold, which increases their sensitivity to current at these critical membrane potentials. In addition, thiamine deficiency caused a significant decrease in the amplitude of the action potential afterhyperpolarization, broadened the action potential, and decreased the current threshold for depolarization block. When thiamine-deficient animals were allowed to recover for 1 week on a normal diet, rheobase, threshold, action potential half-width, and depolarization block threshold were no longer different from controls. We conclude that thiamine deficiency causes significant but reversible changes to the electrophysiology properties of Purkinje cells prior to pathological morphological alterations or cell loss. Thus, the data obtained in the present study indicate that increased excitability of Purkinje cells may represent a leading indicator of cerebellar dysfunction caused by lack of thiamine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana María Bernal-Correa
- Graduate Program in Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Ângela Maria Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Christopher Kushmerick
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. .,Graduate Program in Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. .,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dhir S, Tarasenko M, Napoli E, Giulivi C. Neurological, Psychiatric, and Biochemical Aspects of Thiamine Deficiency in Children and Adults. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:207. [PMID: 31019473 PMCID: PMC6459027 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiamine (vitamin B1) is an essential nutrient that serves as a cofactor for a number of enzymes, mostly with mitochondrial localization. Some thiamine-dependent enzymes are involved in energy metabolism and biosynthesis of nucleic acids whereas others are part of the antioxidant machinery. The brain is highly vulnerable to thiamine deficiency due to its heavy reliance on mitochondrial ATP production. This is more evident during rapid growth (i.e., perinatal periods and children) in which thiamine deficiency is commonly associated with either malnutrition or genetic defects. Thiamine deficiency contributes to a number of conditions spanning from mild neurological and psychiatric symptoms (confusion, reduced memory, and sleep disturbances) to severe encephalopathy, ataxia, congestive heart failure, muscle atrophy, and even death. This review discusses the current knowledge on thiamine deficiency and associated morbidity of neurological and psychiatric disorders, with special emphasis on the pediatric population, as well as the putative beneficial effect of thiamine supplementation in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other neurological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shibani Dhir
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Maya Tarasenko
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Eleonora Napoli
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Cecilia Giulivi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fama R, Le Berre AP, Hardcastle C, Sassoon SA, Pfefferbaum A, Sullivan EV, Zahr NM. Neurological, nutritional and alcohol consumption factors underlie cognitive and motor deficits in chronic alcoholism. Addict Biol 2019; 24:290-302. [PMID: 29243370 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Variations in pattern and extent of cognitive and motor impairment occur in alcoholism (ALC). Causes of such heterogeneity are elusive and inconsistently accounted for by demographic or alcohol consumption differences. We examined neurological and nutritional factors as possible contributors to heterogeneity in impairment. Participants with ALC (n = 96) and a normal comparison group (n = 41) were examined on six cognitive and motor domains. Signs of historically determined subclinical Wernicke's encephalopathy were detected using the Caine et al. criteria, which were based on postmortem examination and chart review of antemortem data of alcoholic cases with postmortem evidence for Wernicke's encephalopathy. Herein, four Caine criteria provided quantification of dietary deficiency, cerebellar dysfunction, low general cognitive functioning and oculomotor abnormalities in 86 of the 96 ALC participants. Subgroups based on Caine criteria yielded a graded effect, where those meeting more criteria exhibited greater impairment than those meeting no to fewer criteria. These results could not be accounted for by history of drug dependence. Multiple regression indicated that compromised performance on ataxia, indicative of cerebellar dysfunction, predicted non-mnemonic and upper motor deficits, whereas low whole blood thiamine level, consistent with limbic circuit dysfunction, predicted mnemonic deficits. This double dissociation indicates biological markers that contribute to heterogeneity in expression of functional impairment in ALC. That non-mnemonic and mnemonic deficits are subserved by the dissociable neural systems of frontocerebellar and limbic circuitry, both commonly disrupted in ALC, suggests neural mechanisms that can differentially affect selective functions, thereby contributing to heterogeneity in pattern and extent of dysfunction in ALC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary Fama
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford CA USA
- Neuroscience Program; SRI International; Menlo Park CA USA
| | - Anne-Pascale Le Berre
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford CA USA
| | - Cheshire Hardcastle
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford CA USA
- Neuroscience Program; SRI International; Menlo Park CA USA
| | | | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford CA USA
- Neuroscience Program; SRI International; Menlo Park CA USA
| | - Edith V. Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford CA USA
| | - Natalie M. Zahr
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford CA USA
- Neuroscience Program; SRI International; Menlo Park CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Chronic alcohol use induces silent changes in the structure and function of the central and peripheral nervous systems that eventually result in irreversible, debilitating repercussions. Once identified, nutritional supplementation and cessation measures are critical in preventing further neurologic damage. The proposed mechanisms of neuronal injury in chronic alcohol abuse include direct toxic effects of alcohol and indirect effects, including those resulting from hepatic dysfunction, nutritional deficiencies, and neuroinflammation. Clinical manifestations include cerebellar ataxia, peripheral neuropathy and Wernicke-Korsakoff encephalopathy. Continued exploration of the pathophysiologic mechanisms may lead to the discovery of early interventions that can prevent permanent neurologic injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Hammoud
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge Street, 9th Floor, MS: BCM609, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joohi Jimenez-Shahed
- Department of Neurology, Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Baylor College of Medicine, 7200 Cambridge Street, 9th Floor, MS:BCM609, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
|
13
|
Mörner T, Hansson T, Carlsson L, Berg AL, Ruiz Muñoz Y, Gustavsson H, Mattsson R, Balk L. Thiamine deficiency impairs common eider (Somateria mollissima) reproduction in the field. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14451. [PMID: 29089512 PMCID: PMC5663945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13884-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Baltic Sea population of the common eider (Somateria mollissima) has declined dramatically during the last two decades. Recently, widespread episodic thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency has been demonstrated in feral birds and suggested to contribute significantly to declining populations. Here we show that the decline of the common eider population in the Baltic Sea is paralleled by high mortality of the pulli a few days after hatch, owing to thiamine deficiency and probably also thereby associated abnormal behaviour resulting in high gull predation. An experiment with artificially incubated common eider eggs collected in the field revealed that thiamine treatment of pulli had a therapeutic effect on the thiamine status of the brain and prevented death. The mortality was 53% in untreated specimens, whereas it was only 7% in thiamine treated specimens. Inability to dive was also linked to brain damage typical for thiamine deficiency. Our results demonstrate how thiamine deficiency causes a range of symptoms in the common eider pulli, as well as massive die-offs a few days after hatch, which probably are the major explanation of the recent dramatic population declines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Mörner
- Department of Disease Control and Epidemiology, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), SE-75189, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Tomas Hansson
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Anna-Lena Berg
- Medical Products Agency, Box 26, SE-75103, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yolanda Ruiz Muñoz
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, University of Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende, ES-36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Hanna Gustavsson
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Lennart Balk
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liśkiewicz AD, Kasprowska-Liśkiewicz D, Sługocka A, Nowacka-Chmielewska MM, Wiaderkiewicz J, Jędrzejowska-Szypułka H, Barski JJ, Lewin-Kowalik J. The modification of the ketogenic diet mitigates its stunting effects in rodents. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 43:203-210. [PMID: 29045796 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The high-fat and low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (HFKD) is extensively studied within the fields of numerous diseases, including cancer and neurological disorders. Since most studies incorporate animal models, ensuring the quality of ketogenic rodent diets is important, both in the context of laboratory animal welfare as well as for the accuracy of the obtained results. In this study we implemented a modification to a commonly used ketogenic rodent chow by replacing non-resorbable cellulose with wheat bran. We assessed the effects of month-long treatment with either the unmodified or the modified HFKD on the growth and development of young male rats. Daily body weight, functional performance, and brain morphometric parameters were assessed to evaluate the influence of both applied diets on rodent development. Our results revealed that the unmodified ketogenic chow induced strong side effects that included weakness, emaciation, and brain undergrowth concomitant to growth inhibition. However, application of the ketogenic chow supplemented with wheat bran suppressed these adverse side effects, which was associated with the restoration of insulin-like growth factor 1 and a decrease in corticosterone levels. We have also shown that the advantageous results of the modified HFKD are not species- or sex-specific. Our data indicate that the proposed HFKD modification even allows for its application in young animals, without causing detrimental side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Damian Liśkiewicz
- a Department of Physiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland.,b Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Physiotherapy, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice 40-065, Poland
| | - Daniela Kasprowska-Liśkiewicz
- b Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Physiotherapy, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice 40-065, Poland.,c Department for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - Anna Sługocka
- a Department of Physiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland.,c Department for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - Marta Maria Nowacka-Chmielewska
- b Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Physiotherapy, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice 40-065, Poland.,c Department for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - Jan Wiaderkiewicz
- c Department for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland.,d Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Halina Jędrzejowska-Szypułka
- a Department of Physiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - Jarosław Jerzy Barski
- a Department of Physiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland.,c Department for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - Joanna Lewin-Kowalik
- a Department of Physiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Håglin L, Johansson I, Forsgren L, Bäckman L. Intake of vitamin B before onset of Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonism and olfactory function at the time of diagnosis. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016; 71:97-102. [PMID: 27703161 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES To investigate whether vitamin-B density in the diet 2-8 years before diagnosis is associated with olfactory function at the time of diagnosis. SUBJECTS/METHODS This prospective nested case-control study included patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy and progressive supranuclear paralysis identified between 2004 and 2009 in the county of Västerbotten in northern Sweden. The case database (NYPUM study; Newly Diagnosed Parkinson in Umeå; n=147) was cross-linked to the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study (NSHDS). Identified patients (n=96) and controls (n=375) were matched for sex, age, year of health survey, sub-cohort and geographical area. Dietary intake was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire, and the brief smell identification test (B-SIT) was used to measure olfactory function at the time of diagnosis. RESULTS There was no difference in vitamin-B or any other macro- or micro-nutrient densities, energy intake or body mass index (kg/m2; BMI) between patients and controls at baseline at the time of the healthcare survey. A lower thiamin and folate density, amount per 1 megajoule, was reported in patients who scored below median on B-SIT (<7) when compared with that in patients who scored ⩾7 at the time of diagnosis. After adjusting for age, sex and BMI using linear and logistic regressions, an even stronger association was found between thiamin density and olfactory function. CONCLUSIONS A low thiamin and folate density in the reported diet, 2-8 years before PD diagnosis, was significantly associated with olfactory dysfunction at the time of PD diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Håglin
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - I Johansson
- Department of Odontology/Cardiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - L Forsgren
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - L Bäckman
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Costantini A, Laureti T, Pala MI, Colangeli M, Cavalieri S, Pozzi E, Brusco A, Salvarani S, Serrati C, Fancellu R. Long-term treatment with thiamine as possible medical therapy for Friedreich ataxia. J Neurol 2016; 263:2170-2178. [PMID: 27488863 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-016-8244-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Thiamine (vitamin B1) is a cofactor of fundamental enzymes of cell energetic metabolism; its deficiency causes disorders affecting both the peripheral and central nervous system. Previous studies reported low thiamine levels in cerebrospinal fluid and pyruvate dehydrogenase dysfunction in Friedreich ataxia (FRDA). We investigated the effect of long-term treatment with thiamine in FRDA, evaluating changes in neurological symptoms, echocardiographic parameters, and plasma FXN mRNA levels. Thirty-four consecutive FRDA patients have been continuously treated with intramuscular thiamine 100 mg twice a week and have been assessed with the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) at baseline, after 1 month, and then every 3 months during treatment. Thiamine administration ranged from 80 to 930 days and was effective in improving total SARA scores from 26.6 ± 7.7 to 21.5 ± 6.2 (p < 0.02). Moreover, deep tendon reflexes reappeared in 57 % of patients with areflexia at baseline, and swallowing improved in 63 % of dysphagic patients. Clinical improvement was stable in all patients, who did not show worsening even after 2 years of treatment. In a subgroup of 13 patients who performed echocardiogram before and during treatment, interventricular septum thickness reduced significantly (p < 0.02). Frataxin mRNA blood levels were modestly increased in one-half of treated patients. We suppose that a focal thiamine deficiency may contribute to a selective neuronal damage in the areas involved in FRDA. Further studies are mandatory to evaluate thiamine role on FXN regulation, to exclude placebo effect, to verify our clinical results, and to confirm restorative and neuroprotective action of thiamine in FRDA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Costantini
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, "Villa Immacolata" Clinic, Strada Sammartinese 65A, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Tiziana Laureti
- Department of Economics and Management, University of Tuscia, Via del Paradiso 47, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maria Immacolata Pala
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, "Villa Immacolata" Clinic, Strada Sammartinese 65A, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Marco Colangeli
- University Studies Abroad Consortium, University of Tuscia, Via Santa Maria in Gradi 4, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Simona Cavalieri
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Pozzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Alfredo Brusco
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy.,Medical Genetics Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Sandro Salvarani
- Unit of Neurology, ASL3 Villa Scassi Hospital, Corso O. Scassi 1, 16149, Genoa, Italy
| | - Carlo Serrati
- Unit of Neurology, IRCCS San Martino University Hospital IST, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberto Fancellu
- Unit of Neurology, ASL3 Villa Scassi Hospital, Corso O. Scassi 1, 16149, Genoa, Italy. .,Unit of Neurology, IRCCS San Martino University Hospital IST, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Moreira-Lobo DC, Cruz JS, Silva FR, Ribeiro FM, Kushmerick C, Oliveira FA. Thiamine Deficiency Increases Ca 2+ Current and Ca V1.2 L-type Ca 2+ Channel Levels in Cerebellum Granular Neurons. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:453-460. [PMID: 27140189 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0378-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Thiamine (vitamin B1) is co-factor for three pivotal enzymes for glycolytic metabolism: pyruvate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and transketolase. Thiamine deficiency leads to neurodegeneration of several brain regions, especially the cerebellum. In addition, several neurodegenerative diseases are associated with impairments of glycolytic metabolism, including Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, understanding the link between dysfunction of the glycolytic pathway and neuronal death will be an important step to comprehend the mechanism and progression of neuronal degeneration as well as the development of new treatment for neurodegenerative states. Here, using an in vitro model to study the effects of thiamine deficiency on cerebellum granule neurons, we show an increase in Ca2+ current density and CaV1.2 expression. These results indicate a link between alterations in glycolytic metabolism and changes to Ca2+ dynamics, two factors that have been implicated in neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Moreira-Lobo
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Bloco K4, Sala #167, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Jader S Cruz
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Bloco K4, Sala #167, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Flavia R Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Bloco K4, Sala #167, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Fabíola M Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Bloco K4, Sala #167, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Christopher Kushmerick
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Fernando A Oliveira
- Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition (CMCC), Universidade Federal do ABC - UFABC, Rua Arcturus, 03 - Jardim Antares, Bloco Delta; 2º Andar; Sala: 248, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, CEP 09606-070, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Augusto RL, Isaac AR, Silva-Júnior IID, Santana DFD, Ferreira DJS, Lagranha CJ, Gonçalves-Pimentel C, Rodrigues MCA, Andrade-da-Costa BLDS. Fighting Oxidative Stress: Increased Resistance of Male Rat Cerebellum at Weaning Induced by Low Omega 6/Omega 3 Ratio in a Protein-Deficient Diet. THE CEREBELLUM 2016; 16:103-117. [DOI: 10.1007/s12311-016-0773-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
19
|
Iizuka S, Kawakami Z, Imamura S, Yamaguchi T, Sekiguchi K, Kanno H, Ueki T, Kase Y, Ikarashi Y. Electron-microscopic examination of effects of yokukansan, a traditional Japanese medicine, on degeneration of cerebral cells in thiamine-deficient rats. Neuropathology 2016; 30:524-36. [PMID: 20337951 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1789.2010.01101.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that yokukansan ameliorated not only learning disturbance but also behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia-like behaviors (anxiety, aggressiveness) and neurological symptoms (opisthotonus) induced in rats by dietary thiamine deficiency (TD). In the present study, the effects of yokukansan on degeneration of cerebral cells were further examined electron-microscopically during pre-symptomatic and symptomatic stages in TD rats. In the pre-symptomatic TD stage, which appeared as increase in aggressive behaviors on the 21st and 28th days of TD diet-feeding, severe edematous degeneration of astrocytes was detected by electron microscopy, although the changes were not observed by light microscopy. In the symptomatic TD stage (the 34th day) characterized by development of neurological symptoms, severe sponge-like degeneration and multiple hemorrhages in the parenchyma were obvious by light microscopy. The electron-microscopic examination showed degeneration in neurons, oligodendroglias, and myelin sheaths in addition to astrocytes. TD rats, which exhibited multiple hemorrhages light microscopically, showed severe edematous changes and hypertrophy of the foot processes of astrocytes surrounding blood vessels. Administration of yokukansan ameliorated not only the TD-induced aggressive behavior and neurological symptoms but also degeneration of the cerebral cells. These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of yokukansan on degeneration in various brain cells might be closely related to the amelioration of aggression and neurological symptoms in TD rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Iizuka
- TSUMURA Research Laboratories, TSUMURA & CO., Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Zenji Kawakami
- TSUMURA Research Laboratories, TSUMURA & CO., Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sachiko Imamura
- TSUMURA Research Laboratories, TSUMURA & CO., Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takuji Yamaguchi
- TSUMURA Research Laboratories, TSUMURA & CO., Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kyoji Sekiguchi
- TSUMURA Research Laboratories, TSUMURA & CO., Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hitomi Kanno
- TSUMURA Research Laboratories, TSUMURA & CO., Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ueki
- TSUMURA Research Laboratories, TSUMURA & CO., Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kase
- TSUMURA Research Laboratories, TSUMURA & CO., Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ikarashi
- TSUMURA Research Laboratories, TSUMURA & CO., Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Moulton EA, Elman I, Becerra LR, Goldstein RZ, Borsook D. The cerebellum and addiction: insights gained from neuroimaging research. Addict Biol 2014; 19:317-31. [PMID: 24851284 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although cerebellar alterations have been consistently noted in the addiction literature, the pathophysiology of this link remains unclear. The cerebellum is commonly classified as a motor structure, but human functional neuroimaging along with clinical observations in cerebellar stroke patients and anatomical tract tracing in non-human primates suggests its involvement in cognitive and affective processing. A comprehensive literature search on the role of the cerebellum in addiction was performed. This review article (1) considers the potential role of the cerebellum in addiction; (2) summarizes the cerebellar structural alterations linked to addiction; (3) presents the functional neuroimaging evidence linking the cerebellum with addiction; and (4) proposes a model for addiction that underscores the role of the cerebellum. The data implicate the cerebellum as an intermediary between motor and reward, motivation and cognitive control systems, as all are relevant etiologic factors in addiction. Furthermore, consideration of these findings could contribute to deeper and more sophisticated insights into normal reward and motivational function. The goal of this review is to spread awareness of cerebellar involvement in addictive processes, and to suggest a preliminary model for its potential role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric A. Moulton
- P.A.I.N. Group; Center for Pain and the Brain; Boston Children's Hospital; Massachusetts General Hospital, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | - Igor Elman
- Providence Veterans Administration Medical Center; Providence RI USA
- Department of Psychiatry; Cambridge Health Alliance, Harvard Medical School; Cambridge MA USA
| | - Lino R. Becerra
- P.A.I.N. Group; Center for Pain and the Brain; Boston Children's Hospital; Massachusetts General Hospital, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| | | | - David Borsook
- P.A.I.N. Group; Center for Pain and the Brain; Boston Children's Hospital; Massachusetts General Hospital, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Boston MA USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Manzetti S, Zhang J, van der Spoel D. Thiamin Function, Metabolism, Uptake, and Transport. Biochemistry 2014; 53:821-35. [DOI: 10.1021/bi401618y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Manzetti
- Uppsala
Center for Computational Chemistry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department
for Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Uppsala, Box 596, 751
24 Uppsala, Sweden
- Fjordforsk A.S., Fresvik 6896, Norway
| | - Jin Zhang
- Uppsala
Center for Computational Chemistry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department
for Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Uppsala, Box 596, 751
24 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department
of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - David van der Spoel
- Uppsala
Center for Computational Chemistry, Science for Life Laboratory, Department
for Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Uppsala, Box 596, 751
24 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Acute alcohol intoxication and chronic alcohol dependence alter the neurologic control of posture and motor function. Ethanol delays the conduction of electric signals from the central nervous system to the muscles controlling posture and impairs the integration of sensory inputs required for maintaining vertical stance. Consequently, alcohol intoxication delays the ability to detect postural changes and enact the appropriate response. Common signs of acute alcohol intoxication include spinocerebellar and vestibulocerebellar ataxia, oculomotor changes, and increased reliance on visuospatial clues. Chronic alcoholism results in postural tremors and excessive sway during quiet stance that can persist even after sobriety is achieved. Underlying neurologic changes due to chronic alcoholism have been found to be associated with these characteristic postural changes and include decreased volume of the anterior superior vermis of the cerebellum, decreased connectivity within the corpus callosum, and overall cortical atrophy. Severity of motor impairments and other symptoms from alcoholism relate to a variety of factors, including duration of alcoholism, age, sex, and other health determinants and comorbidities. Imaging studies highlight the potential for partial recovery from neurologic and motor deficits caused by alcoholism. Emerging evidence on the motor and neurologic changes caused by alcohol dependence may allow for improved treatment and prevention of the morbidities associated with alcoholism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica Rose
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
The connection between maternal thiamine shortcoming and offspring cognitive damage and poverty perpetuation in underprivileged communities across the world. Med Hypotheses 2013; 80:13-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
24
|
Luo J. Mechanisms of ethanol-induced death of cerebellar granule cells. THE CEREBELLUM 2012; 11:145-54. [PMID: 20927663 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-010-0219-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Maternal ethanol exposure during pregnancy may cause fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). FASD is the leading cause of mental retardation. The most deleterious effect of fetal alcohol exposure is inducing neuroapoptosis in the developing brain. Ethanol-induced loss of neurons in the central nervous system underlies many of the behavioral deficits observed in FASD. The cerebellum is one of the brain areas that are most susceptible to ethanol during development. Ethanol exposure causes a loss of both cerebellar Purkinje cells and granule cells. This review focuses on the toxic effect of ethanol on cerebellar granule cells (CGC) and the underlying mechanisms. Both in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that ethanol induces apoptotic death of CGC. The vulnerability of CGC to ethanol-induced death diminishes over time as neurons mature. Several mechanisms for ethanol-induced apoptosis of CGC have been suggested. These include inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, interference with signaling by neurotrophic factors, induction of oxidative stress, modulation of retinoid acid signaling, disturbance of potassium channel currents, thiamine deficiency, and disruption of translational regulation. Cultures of CGC provide an excellent system to investigate cellular/molecular mechanisms of ethanol-induced neurodegeneration and to evaluate interventional strategies. This review will also discuss the approaches leading to neuroprotection against ethanol-induced neuroapoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cruz JS, Kushmerick C, Moreira-Lobo DC, Oliveira FA. Thiamine deficiency in vitro accelerates A-type potassium current inactivation in cerebellar granule neurons. Neuroscience 2012; 221:108-14. [PMID: 22771620 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Thiamine deficiency during embryonic or early postnatal development causes deficits in cerebellum-dependent activities including motor control and procedural memory. Here, we give a detailed description of the changes to A-type current in cultured cerebellar granule neurons exposed to thiamine deficiency in vitro. A-type current in treated neurons was reduced to 51% of that in controls. The remaining A-type current in treated neurons exhibited normal activation kinetics and voltage dependence whereas inactivation was markedly faster. These effects were selective because the delayed-rectifier potassium current density and kinetics were unchanged in thiamine-deficient neurons. A computational model of the cerebellar granule neuron was used to test the impact of these alterations and predicts an increase in excitability that is especially pronounced for synaptic activation. Our results suggest that the loss of A-type potassium conductance leads to hyperactivity in cerebellar granule neurons and may contribute to cell death observed in the granule layer of cerebellum during thiamine-deficiency in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J S Cruz
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Institudo de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte - MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Jung YC, Chanraud S, Sullivan EV. Neuroimaging of Wernicke's encephalopathy and Korsakoff's syndrome. Neuropsychol Rev 2012; 22:170-80. [PMID: 22577003 PMCID: PMC4728174 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-012-9203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable evidence that neuroimaging findings can improve the early diagnosis of Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) in clinical settings. The most distinctive neuroimaging finding of acute WE are cytotoxic edema and vasogenic edema, which are represented by bilateral symmetric hyperintensity alterations on T2-weighted MR images in the periphery of the third ventricle, periaqueductal area, mammillary bodies and midbrain tectal plate. An initial bout of WE can result in Korsakoff's syndrome (KS), but repeated bouts in conjunction with its typical comorbidity, chronic alcoholism, can result in signs of tissue degeneration in vulnerable brain regions. Chronic abnormalities identified with neuroimaging enable examination of brain damage in living patients with KS and have expanded the understanding of the neuropsychological deficits resulting from thiamine deficiency, alcohol neurotoxicity, and their comorbidity. Brain structure and functional studies indicate that the interactions involving the thalamus, mammillary bodies, hippocampus, frontal lobes, and cerebellum are crucial for memory formation and executive functions, and the interruption of these circuits by WE and chronic alcoholism can contribute substantially to the neuropsychological deficits in KS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Chul Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jhala SS, Hazell AS. Modeling neurodegenerative disease pathophysiology in thiamine deficiency: Consequences of impaired oxidative metabolism. Neurochem Int 2011; 58:248-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2010.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Revised: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
28
|
Zuccoli G, Cravo I, Bailey A, Venturi A, Nardone R. Basal Ganglia involvement in Wernicke encephalopathy: report of 2 cases. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2010; 32:E129-31. [PMID: 20634304 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We present the neuroimaging and clinical findings in 2 nonalcoholic adult patients with WE as assessed by MR imaging. The first patient presented with gait ataxia and changes in consciousness. MR imaging disclosed bilateral lesions in the dorsal striatum and cerebellum. None of the regions typically affected in WE were involved. The second patient showed symmetric lesions in the posterior putamen associated with the alterations frequently and infrequently found WE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Zuccoli
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lee BJ, Jaroszewska M, Dabrowski K, Czesny S, Rinchard J. Effects of vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency in lake trout alevins and preventive treatments. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2009; 21:290-301. [PMID: 20218503 DOI: 10.1577/h07-053.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to examine the effect of thiamine immersion of fish from a population known for compromised survival as a result of early mortality syndrome (EMS) and to investigate the cause-response relationship between thiamine concentration and lesions in tissues in swim-up-stage lake trout Salvelinus namaycush alevins. Lake trout eggs from 14 fish from Lake Michigan were artificially fertilized and the progeny divided into two groups based on the thiamine concentration (low [< 0.73 nmol/g] or high [> 0.85 nmol/g]) in the unfertilized eggs. Progeny were treated or not with a thiamine solution (2,000 mg/L for 2 h) at hatching or the swim-up stage. The survival of progeny in control groups at the swim-up stage correlated with thiamine concentration. The low thiamine-treated groups had significantly higher survival between the swim-up stage (812.0 degree-days) and 16 d after swim-up (963.3 degree-days) than the control groups; the survival of the high thiamine-treated groups did not differ between treated and control fish, regardless of the treatment at hatching and the swim-up stage. Control alevins that had low thiamine levels showed EMS, which resulted in 94.9-100% mortality 16 d after the swim-up stage. No pathological changes were observed in the brain, olfactory lobe, eye, liver, or muscle in alevins of high thiamine-treated group. Glycogen deposits in the liver of alevins from the low control group were variable, no glycogen being observed in the hepatocytes of 7 of the 24 fish. We demonstrate that thiamine treatment at swim-up enhances the survival of EMS-affected lake trout relative to treatment at hatching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bong-Joo Lee
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
The cerebellum, cerebellar disorders, and cerebellar research--two centuries of discoveries. THE CEREBELLUM 2009; 7:505-16. [PMID: 18855093 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-008-0063-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Research on the cerebellum is evolving rapidly. The exquisiteness of the cerebellar circuitry with a unique geometric arrangement has fascinated researchers from numerous disciplines. The painstaking works of pioneers of these last two centuries, such as Rolando, Flourens, Luciani, Babinski, Holmes, Cajal, Larsell, or Eccles, still exert a strong influence in the way we approach cerebellar functions. Advances in genetic studies, detailed molecular and cellular analyses, profusion of brain imaging techniques, emergence of behavioral assessments, and reshaping of models of cerebellar function are generating an immense amount of knowledge. Simultaneously, a better definition of cerebellar disorders encountered in the clinic is emerging. The essentials of a trans-disciplinary blending are expanding. The analysis of the literature published these last two decades indicates that the gaps between domains of research are vanishing. The launch of the society for research on the cerebellum (SRC) illustrates how cerebellar research is burgeoning. This special issue gathers the contributions of the inaugural conference of the SRC dedicated to the mechanisms of cerebellar function. Contributions were brought together around five themes: (1) cerebellar development, death, and regeneration; (2) cerebellar circuitry: processing and function; (3) mechanisms of cerebellar plasticity and learning; (4) cerebellar function: timing, prediction, and/or coordination?; (5) anatomical and disease perspectives on cerebellar function.
Collapse
|
31
|
Ke ZJ, Wang X, Fan Z, Luo J. Ethanol promotes thiamine deficiency-induced neuronal death: involvement of double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2009; 33:1097-103. [PMID: 19382901 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.00931.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy alcohol consumption causes cerebellar degeneration, and the underlying mechanism is unclear. Chronic alcoholism is usually associated with thiamine deficiency (TD) which is known to induce selective neurodegeneration in the brain. However, the role of TD in alcohol-induced cerebellar degeneration remains to be elucidated. The double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR) is a potent antiviral protein. Viral infection or binding to dsRNA causes PKR autophosphorylation and subsequent phosphorylation of the alpha-subunit of eukaryotic translation factor-2alpha, leading to inhibition of translation or apoptosis. PKR can also be activated by cellular stresses. METHODS In this study, we used an in vitro model, cultured cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs), to investigate the interaction between TD and ethanol and evaluate the contribution of their interaction to neuronal loss. TD was induced by treatment with amprolium in association with ethanol. Cell viability was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. PKR expression/phosphorylation and subcellular distribution was analyzed with immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS Thiamine deficiency caused death of CGNs but ethanol did not. However, TD plus ethanol induced a much greater cell loss than TD alone. TD-induced PKR phosphorylation and ethanol exposure significantly promoted TD-induced PKR phosphorylation as well as its nuclear translocation. A selective PKR inhibitor not only protected CGNs against TD toxicity, but also abolished ethanol potentiation of TD-induced loss of CGNs. CONCLUSIONS Ethanol promoted TD-induced PKR activation and neuronal death. PKR may be a convergent protein that mediates the interaction between TD and ethanol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zun-Ji Ke
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Jaatinen P, Rintala J. Mechanisms of ethanol-induced degeneration in the developing, mature, and aging cerebellum. THE CEREBELLUM 2008; 7:332-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s12311-008-0034-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2007] [Accepted: 08/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
33
|
Kim E, Na DG, Kim EY, Kim JH, Son KR, Chang KH. MR imaging of metronidazole-induced encephalopathy: lesion distribution and diffusion-weighted imaging findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2007; 28:1652-8. [PMID: 17885234 PMCID: PMC8134211 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a0655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE MR imaging features of metronidazole-induced encephalopathy (MIE) have not been fully established. This study was undertaken to determine the topographic distributions and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) findings of MIE. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively evaluated the initial MR images (n = 7), including DWI (n = 5), and follow-up MR images (n = 4) after drug discontinuation in 7 patents with clinically diagnosed MIE. The topographic distributions of lesions were evaluated on MR images, and DWI signal intensities and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the lesions were assessed. RESULTS MR images demonstrated bilateral symmetric T2 hyperintense lesions in the cerebellar dentate nucleus (n = 7), midbrain (n = 7), dorsal pons (n = 6), medulla (n = 4), corpus callosum (n = 4), and cerebral white matter (n = 1). Brain stem lesions involved the following: tectum (n = 5), tegmentum (n = 4), red nucleus (n = 3) of the midbrain, vestibular nucleus (n = 6), and a focal tegmental lesion involving the superior olivary nucleus (n = 6) and abducens nucleus (n = 4) of the pons and vestibular nucleus (n = 4) and inferior olivary nucleus (n = 1) of the medulla. DWI (n = 5) showed isointensity or hyperintensity of lesions, and the decreased ADC value was found only in the corpus callosum lesions (n = 2). All detected lesions were completely reversible at follow-up except for the single corpus callosum lesion with an initial low ADC value. CONCLUSION Brain lesions were typically located at the cerebellar dentate nucleus, midbrain, dorsal pons, medulla, and splenium of the corpus callosum. According to DWI, most of the lesions in MIE probably corresponded to areas of vasogenic edema, whereas only some of them, located in the corpus callosum, corresponded to cytotoxic edema.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Kim
- Department of Radiology and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wang X, Wang B, Fan Z, Shi X, Ke ZJ, Luo J. Thiamine deficiency induces endoplasmic reticulum stress in neurons. Neuroscience 2007; 144:1045-56. [PMID: 17137721 PMCID: PMC1819404 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2006] [Revised: 10/04/2006] [Accepted: 10/05/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency (TD) causes region selective neuronal loss in the brain; it has been used to model neurodegeneration that accompanies mild impairment of oxidative metabolism. The mechanisms for TD-induced neurodegeneration remain incompletely elucidated. Inhibition of protein glycosylation, perturbation of calcium homeostasis and reduction of disulfide bonds provoke the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and cause ER stress. Recently, ER stress has been implicated in a number of neurodegenerative models. We demonstrated here that TD up-regulated several markers of ER stress, such as glucose-regulated protein (GRP) 78, growth arrest and DNA-damage inducible protein or C/EBP-homologus protein (GADD153/Chop), phosphorylation of eIF2alpha and cleavage of caspase-12 in the cerebellum and the thalamus of mice. Furthermore, ultrastructural analysis by electron microscopic study revealed an abnormality in ER structure. To establish an in vitro model of TD in neurons, we treated cultured cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) with amprolium, a potent inhibitor of thiamine transport. Exposure to amprolium caused apoptosis and the generation of reactive oxygen species in CGNs. Similar to the observation in vivo, TD up-regulated markers for ER stress. Treatment of a selective inhibitor of caspase-12 significantly alleviated amprolium-induced death of CGNs. Thus, ER stress may play a role in TD-induced brain damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Manzardo AM, Penick EC. A theoretical argument for inherited thiamine insensitivity as one possible biological cause of familial alcoholism. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2006; 30:1545-50. [PMID: 16930217 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00186.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Thiamine deficiency has been specifically linked to the development of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WK)--a degenerative brain disorder that is typically associated with alcoholic drinking. Alcoholism-related thiamine deficiency is a major cause of WK. However, an inherited abnormality in thiamine utilization has been identified in some WK patients that may predispose heavy drinkers to this severe neurological syndrome. Individuals who possess this variant require more thiamine throughout their lives to prevent them from experiencing thiamine deficiency. Recent prospective studies have implicated early childhood nutritional and environmental influences in the etiology of alcoholism in adults. These studies have suggested that developmental abnormalities involving brain white matter growth might precipitate the later development of alcoholism possibly by altering the emerging reward-related brain systems. Brain white matter growth is highly sensitive to nutritional deficiency (including thiamine deficiency) and oxidative injury, especially during the perinatal period. The proposed model of familial alcoholism hypothesizes that an inherited insensitivity to thiamine can precipitate brain abnormalities very early in life that will greatly increase the risk of developing alcoholism in adulthood. This paper offers a heuristic model of a possible mechanism by which both inherited and environmental factors related to thiamine utilization might coaggregate to cause alcoholism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Manzardo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|