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He J, Kurita K, Yoshida T, Matsumoto K, Shimizu E, Hirano Y. Comparisons of the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation and functional connectivity in major depressive disorder and social anxiety disorder: A resting-state fMRI study. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:425-436. [PMID: 39004312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies comparing the brain functions of major depressive disorder (MDD) and social anxiety disorder (SAD) at the regional and network levels remain scarce. This study aimed to elucidate their pathogenesis using neuroimaging techniques and explore biomarkers that can differentiate these disorders. METHODS Resting-state fMRI data were collected from 48 patients with MDD, 41 patients with SAD, and 82 healthy controls. Differences in the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) among the three groups were examined to identify regions showing abnormal regional spontaneous activity. A seed-based functional connectivity (FC) analysis was conducted using ALFF results as seeds and different connections were identified between regions showing abnormal local spontaneous activity and other regions. The correlation between abnormal brain function and clinical symptoms was analyzed. RESULTS Patients with MDD and SAD exhibited similar abnormal ALFF and FC in several brain regions; notably, FC between the right superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and the right posterior supramarginal gyrus (pSMG) in patients with SAD was negatively correlated with depressive symptoms. Furthermore, patients with MDD showed higher ALFF in the right SFG than HCs and those with SAD. LIMITATION Potential effects of medications, comorbidities, and data type could not be ignored. CONCLUSION MDD and SAD showed common and distinct aberrant brain function patterns at the regional and network levels. At the regional level, we found that the ALFF in the right SFG was different between patients with MDD and those with SAD. At the network level, we did not find any differences between these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbing He
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kohei Kurita
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Tokiko Yoshida
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Koji Matsumoto
- Department of Radiology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eiji Shimizu
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Hirano
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
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Schutter DJLG, Doherty D, Phillips JO, Weiss AH, Maas RPPWM. Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Rhombencephalosynapsis: A Clinical Report. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024:10.1007/s12311-024-01740-8. [PMID: 39230845 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-024-01740-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Rhombencephalosynapsis (RES) is a hindbrain malformation characterized by a missing cerebellar vermis with apposition or fusion of the cerebellar hemispheres. The present clinical case report provides a comprehensive, longitudinal overview of cognitive and affective manifestations in a 22-year-old patient with RES. The patient shows clinical signs of emotional reactivity and dysregulation, impulsivity, and impairments in executive functioning since early childhood. These features fit the constellation of neuropsychiatric symptoms observed in patients with congenital and acquired abnormalities of the posterior vermis. It is proposed that patients with RES may show affective and cognitive difficulties which increase their vulnerability to psychological stress and risk of developing mental health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis J L G Schutter
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, Utrecht, 3584 CS, the Netherlands.
| | - Dan Doherty
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA
| | - James O Phillips
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA
| | - Avery H Weiss
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA
| | - Roderick P P W M Maas
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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3
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Reynolds de Sousa T, Schön M, Alves P, Novais F, Mendes T. Bipolar Camouflage: A Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome Case Report. ACTA MEDICA PORT 2024; 37:647-651. [PMID: 39022812 DOI: 10.20344/amp.21593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome is a neuropsychiatric syndrome composed of affective (anxiety, depression, euphoria, and emotional lability) and cognitive symptoms (executive, attentional, and visuospatial deficits) that was described in the 1990s. We present the case of a 49-year-old woman with a history of an acute neurological episode at the age of 28, after which she reported a change in personality, brief and alternating periods of depression, hypomania, and mixed episodes, and cognitive impairment that had a major impact on her personal and occupational level of functioning. She was initially diagnosed with bipolar disorder, but a clinical, neuropsychological, and imaging re-evaluation prompted a diagnostic reconsideration in favor of a cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome. This enabled therapeutical and prognostic refinement. Here, we discuss the diagnostic challenges of this syndrome and the implications that an accurate diagnosis has for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel Schön
- Neurology Department. Unidade Local de Saúde Santa Maria. Lisbon. Portugal
| | - Pedro Alves
- Language Study Unit. Egas Moniz Centre. Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade de Lisboa. Lisbon; Stroke Unit. Neurology Department. Unidade Local de Saúde Santa Maria. Lisbon. Portugal
| | - Filipa Novais
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Department. Unidade Local de Saúde Santa Maria. Lisbon; Psychiatry and Psychology Department. Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade de Lisboa. Lisbon; Environmental Health Institute (ISAMB). Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade de Lisboa. Lisbon. Portugal
| | - Tiago Mendes
- Psychiatry and Psychology Department. Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade de Lisboa. Lisbon; Molecular Medicine Institute (IMM). Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade de Lisboa. Lisbon. Portugal
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Kruithof ES, Klaus J, Schutter DJLG. Cerebellar Asymmetry of Motivational Direction: Anger-Dependent Effects of Cerebellar Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Aggression in Healthy Volunteers. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 23:1426-1434. [PMID: 38172315 PMCID: PMC11269334 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-023-01644-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
It has recently been theorized that the frontal asymmetry of approach- and avoidance-related motivation is mirrored in the posterolateral cerebellum. Accordingly, left-to-right dominant cerebellar activity is associated with avoidance-related motivation, whereas right-to-left dominant cerebellar activity is associated with approach-related motivation. The aim of this study was to examine the cerebellar asymmetry of motivational direction in approach-related behavior in the context of aggression. In this randomized double-blind sham-controlled crossover study, thirty healthy right-handed adult volunteers received 2 mA active or sham left cathodal-right anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to the cerebellum on two separate occasions while engaging in the Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm (PSAP) task to measure aggressive behavior. Self-reported state anger was assessed before, halfway and immediately after the task, and heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV) were measured during the task. No main effects of tDCS on aggressive behavior, heart rate and HRV were found. Higher state anger before and during the PSAP task was associated with increased aggressive behavior in the active compared to sham tDCS condition. Aggressive behavior was positively correlated with heart rate during active tDCS, while an inverse association was observed during sham tDCS. Results provide support for the cerebellar asymmetry of motivational direction in approach-related behavior and illustrate the importance of affective state-dependency in tDCS-related effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline S Kruithof
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jana Klaus
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis J L G Schutter
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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5
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Sun J, Sun K, Chen L, Li X, Xu K, Guo C, Ma Y, Cao J, Zhang G, Hong Y, Wang Z, Gao S, Luo Y, Chen Q, Ye W, Yu X, Xiao X, Rong P, Yu C, Fang J. A predictive study of the efficacy of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation in the treatment of major depressive disorder: An fMRI-based machine learning analysis. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 98:104079. [PMID: 38838458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to improve taVNS efficacy, the usage of fMRI to explore the predictive neuroimaging markers would be beneficial for screening the appropriate MDD population before treatment. METHODS A total of 86 MDD patients were recruited in this study, and all subjects were conducted with the clinical scales and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan before and after 8 weeks' taVNS treatment. A two-stage feature selection strategy combining Machine Learning and Statistical was used to screen out the critical brain functional connections (FC) that were significantly associated with efficacy prediction, then the efficacy prediction model was constructed for taVNS treating MDD. Finally, the model was validated by separated the responding and non-responding patients. RESULTS This study showed that taVNS produced promising clinical efficacy in the treatment of mild and moderate MDD. Eleven FCs were selected out and were found to be associated with the cortico-striatal-pallidum-thalamic loop, the hippocampus and cerebellum and the HAMD-17 scores. The prediction model was created based on these FCs for the efficacy prediction of taVNS treatment. The R-square of the conducted regression model for predicting HAMD-17 reduction rate is 0.44, and the AUC for classifying the responding and non-responding patients is 0.856. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates the validity and feasibility of combining neuroimaging and machine learning techniques to predict the efficacy of taVNS on MDD, and provides an effective solution for personalized and precise treatment for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifei Sun
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Shunyi Hospital, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Kai Sun
- College of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data for Medical Sciences & Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province 250021, China; Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250021, China
| | - Limei Chen
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518133, China
| | - Xiaojiao Li
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Chunlei Guo
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jiudong Cao
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Guolei Zhang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yang Hong
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Shanshan Gao
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Qingyan Chen
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Weiyi Ye
- College of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data for Medical Sciences & Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province 250021, China
| | - Xue Yu
- Beijing First Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Beijing First Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Peijing Rong
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Changbin Yu
- College of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data for Medical Sciences & Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province 250021, China.
| | - Jiliang Fang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
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6
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Ciricugno A, Oldrati V, Cattaneo Z, Leggio M, Urgesi C, Olivito G. Cerebellar Neurostimulation for Boosting Social and Affective Functions: Implications for the Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxia Patients. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 23:1651-1677. [PMID: 38270782 PMCID: PMC11269351 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-023-01652-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Beyond motor deficits, spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) patients also suffer cognitive decline and show socio-affective difficulties, negatively impacting on their social functioning. The possibility to modulate cerebello-cerebral networks involved in social cognition through cerebellar neurostimulation has opened up potential therapeutic applications for ameliorating social and affective difficulties. The present review offers an overview of the research on cerebellar neurostimulation for the modulation of socio-affective functions in both healthy individuals and different clinical populations, published in the time period 2000-2022. A total of 25 records reporting either transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) or transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) studies were found. The investigated clinical populations comprised different pathological conditions, including but not limited to SCA syndromes. The reviewed evidence supports that cerebellar neurostimulation is effective in improving social abilities in healthy individuals and reducing social and affective symptoms in different neurological and psychiatric populations associated with cerebellar damage or with impairments in functions that involve the cerebellum. These findings encourage to further explore the rehabilitative effects of cerebellar neurostimulation on socio-affective deficits experienced by patients with cerebellar abnormalities, as SCA patients. Nevertheless, conclusions remain tentative at this stage due to the heterogeneity characterizing stimulation protocols, study methodologies and patients' samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ciricugno
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Science, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Viola Oldrati
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, 23842, Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Zaira Cattaneo
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, 24129, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Maria Leggio
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
- Ataxia Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Cosimo Urgesi
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, 23842, Bosisio Parini, Italy
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Languages and Literatures, Communication, Education and Society, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Giusy Olivito
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
- Ataxia Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179, Rome, Italy
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7
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Sobootian DJ, Bronzlik P, Spineli LM, Becker LS, Winther HB, Bueltmann E. Convolutional Neural Network for Fully Automated Cerebellar Volumetry in Children in Comparison to Manual Segmentation and Developmental Trajectory of Cerebellar Volumes. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 23:1074-1085. [PMID: 37833550 PMCID: PMC11102395 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-023-01609-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a fully automated and reliable volumetry of the cerebellum of children during infancy and childhood using deep learning algorithms in comparison to manual segmentation. In addition, the clinical usefulness of measuring the cerebellar volume is shown. One hundred patients (0 to 16.3 years old) without infratentorial signal abnormalities on conventional MRI were retrospectively selected from our pool of pediatric MRI examinations. Based on a routinely acquired 3D T1-weighted magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo (MPRAGE) sequence, the cerebella were manually segmented using ITK-SNAP. The data set of all 100 cases was divided into four splits (four-fold cross-validation) to train the network (NN) to delineate the boundaries of the cerebellum. First, the accuracy of the newly created neural network was compared with the manual segmentation. Secondly, age-related volume changes were investigated. Our trained NN achieved an excellent Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.99, a Dice Coefficient of 95.0 ± 2.1%, and an intersection over union (IoU) of 90.6 ± 3.8%. Cerebellar volume increased continuously with age, showing an exponentially rapid growth within the first year of life. Using a convolutional neural network, it was possible to achieve reliable, fully automated cerebellar volume measurements in childhood and infancy, even when based on a relatively small cohort. In this preliminary study, age-dependent cerebellar volume changes could be acquired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Juliane Sobootian
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Paul Bronzlik
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Loukia M Spineli
- Midwifery Research and Education Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lena Sophie Becker
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hinrich Boy Winther
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Eva Bueltmann
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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8
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Wang C, Derderian KD, Hamada E, Zhou X, Nelson AD, Kyoung H, Ahituv N, Bouvier G, Bender KJ. Impaired cerebellar plasticity hypersensitizes sensory reflexes in SCN2A-associated ASD. Neuron 2024; 112:1444-1455.e5. [PMID: 38412857 PMCID: PMC11065582 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) commonly present with sensory hypersensitivity or abnormally strong reactions to sensory stimuli. Such hypersensitivity can be overwhelming, causing high levels of distress that contribute markedly to the negative aspects of the disorder. Here, we identify a mechanism that underlies hypersensitivity in a sensorimotor reflex found to be altered in humans and in mice with loss of function in the ASD risk-factor gene SCN2A. The cerebellum-dependent vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), which helps maintain one's gaze during movement, was hypersensitized due to deficits in cerebellar synaptic plasticity. Heterozygous loss of SCN2A-encoded NaV1.2 sodium channels in granule cells impaired high-frequency transmission to Purkinje cells and long-term potentiation, a form of synaptic plasticity important for modulating VOR gain. VOR plasticity could be rescued in mice via a CRISPR-activator approach that increases Scn2a expression, demonstrating that evaluation of a simple reflex can be used to assess and quantify successful therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Wang
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kimberly D Derderian
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hamada
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xujia Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew D Nelson
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Henry Kyoung
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nadav Ahituv
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Guy Bouvier
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, 91400 Saclay, France.
| | - Kevin J Bender
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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9
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Peña-Casanova J, Sánchez-Benavides G, Sigg-Alonso J. Updating functional brain units: Insights far beyond Luria. Cortex 2024; 174:19-69. [PMID: 38492440 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
This paper reviews Luria's model of the three functional units of the brain. To meet this objective, several issues were reviewed: the theory of functional systems and the contributions of phylogenesis and embryogenesis to the brain's functional organization. This review revealed several facts. In the first place, the relationship/integration of basic homeostatic needs with complex forms of behavior. Secondly, the multi-scale hierarchical and distributed organization of the brain and interactions between cells and systems. Thirdly, the phylogenetic role of exaptation, especially in basal ganglia and cerebellum expansion. Finally, the tripartite embryogenetic organization of the brain: rhinic, limbic/paralimbic, and supralimbic zones. Obviously, these principles of brain organization are in contradiction with attempts to establish separate functional brain units. The proposed new model is made up of two large integrated complexes: a primordial-limbic complex (Luria's Unit I) and a telencephalic-cortical complex (Luria's Units II and III). As a result, five functional units were delineated: Unit I. Primordial or preferential (brainstem), for life-support, behavioral modulation, and waking regulation; Unit II. Limbic and paralimbic systems, for emotions and hedonic evaluation (danger and relevance detection and contribution to reward/motivational processing) and the creation of cognitive maps (contextual memory, navigation, and generativity [imagination]); Unit III. Telencephalic-cortical, for sensorimotor and cognitive processing (gnosis, praxis, language, calculation, etc.), semantic and episodic (contextual) memory processing, and multimodal conscious agency; Unit IV. Basal ganglia systems, for behavior selection and reinforcement (reward-oriented behavior); Unit V. Cerebellar systems, for the prediction/anticipation (orthometric supervision) of the outcome of an action. The proposed brain units are nothing more than abstractions within the brain's simultaneous and distributed physiological processes. As function transcends anatomy, the model necessarily involves transition and overlap between structures. Beyond the classic approaches, this review includes information on recent systemic perspectives on functional brain organization. The limitations of this review are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Peña-Casanova
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neuroscience Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Test Barcelona Services, Teià, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Jorge Sigg-Alonso
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurobiology, Institute of Neurobiology, National Autonomous University of México (UNAM), Queretaro, Mexico
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10
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Petrosini L, Picerni E, Termine A, Fabrizio C, Laricchiuta D, Cutuli D. The Cerebellum as an Embodying Machine. Neuroscientist 2024; 30:229-246. [PMID: 36052895 DOI: 10.1177/10738584221120187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Whereas emotion theorists often keep their distance from the embodied approach, theorists of embodiment tend to treat emotion as a mainly physiologic process. However, intimate links between emotions and the body suggest that emotions are privileged phenomena to attempt to reintegrate mind and body and that the body helps the mind in shaping emotional responses. To date, research has favored the cerebrum over other parts of the brain as a substrate of embodied emotions. However, given the widely demonstrated contribution of the cerebellum to emotional processing, research in affective neuroscience should consider embodiment theory as a useful approach for evaluating the cerebellar role in emotion and affect. The aim of this review is to insert the cerebellum among the structures needed to embody emotions, providing illustrative examples of cerebellar involvement in embodied emotions (as occurring in empathic abilities) and in impaired identification and expression of embodied emotions (as occurring in alexithymia).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Debora Cutuli
- Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
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11
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Arleo A, Bareš M, Bernard JA, Bogoian HR, Bruchhage MMK, Bryant P, Carlson ES, Chan CCH, Chen LK, Chung CP, Dotson VM, Filip P, Guell X, Habas C, Jacobs HIL, Kakei S, Lee TMC, Leggio M, Misiura M, Mitoma H, Olivito G, Ramanoël S, Rezaee Z, Samstag CL, Schmahmann JD, Sekiyama K, Wong CHY, Yamashita M, Manto M. Consensus Paper: Cerebellum and Ageing. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 23:802-832. [PMID: 37428408 PMCID: PMC10776824 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-023-01577-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Given the key roles of the cerebellum in motor, cognitive, and affective operations and given the decline of brain functions with aging, cerebellar circuitry is attracting the attention of the scientific community. The cerebellum plays a key role in timing aspects of both motor and cognitive operations, including for complex tasks such as spatial navigation. Anatomically, the cerebellum is connected with the basal ganglia via disynaptic loops, and it receives inputs from nearly every region in the cerebral cortex. The current leading hypothesis is that the cerebellum builds internal models and facilitates automatic behaviors through multiple interactions with the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia and spinal cord. The cerebellum undergoes structural and functional changes with aging, being involved in mobility frailty and related cognitive impairment as observed in the physio-cognitive decline syndrome (PCDS) affecting older, functionally-preserved adults who show slowness and/or weakness. Reductions in cerebellar volume accompany aging and are at least correlated with cognitive decline. There is a strongly negative correlation between cerebellar volume and age in cross-sectional studies, often mirrored by a reduced performance in motor tasks. Still, predictive motor timing scores remain stable over various age groups despite marked cerebellar atrophy. The cerebello-frontal network could play a significant role in processing speed and impaired cerebellar function due to aging might be compensated by increasing frontal activity to optimize processing speed in the elderly. For cognitive operations, decreased functional connectivity of the default mode network (DMN) is correlated with lower performances. Neuroimaging studies highlight that the cerebellum might be involved in the cognitive decline occurring in Alzheimer's disease (AD), independently of contributions of the cerebral cortex. Grey matter volume loss in AD is distinct from that seen in normal aging, occurring initially in cerebellar posterior lobe regions, and is associated with neuronal, synaptic and beta-amyloid neuropathology. Regarding depression, structural imaging studies have identified a relationship between depressive symptoms and cerebellar gray matter volume. In particular, major depressive disorder (MDD) and higher depressive symptom burden are associated with smaller gray matter volumes in the total cerebellum as well as the posterior cerebellum, vermis, and posterior Crus I. From the genetic/epigenetic standpoint, prominent DNA methylation changes in the cerebellum with aging are both in the form of hypo- and hyper-methylation, and the presumably increased/decreased expression of certain genes might impact on motor coordination. Training influences motor skills and lifelong practice might contribute to structural maintenance of the cerebellum in old age, reducing loss of grey matter volume and therefore contributing to the maintenance of cerebellar reserve. Non-invasive cerebellar stimulation techniques are increasingly being applied to enhance cerebellar functions related to motor, cognitive, and affective operations. They might enhance cerebellar reserve in the elderly. In conclusion, macroscopic and microscopic changes occur in the cerebellum during the lifespan, with changes in structural and functional connectivity with both the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia. With the aging of the population and the impact of aging on quality of life, the panel of experts considers that there is a huge need to clarify how the effects of aging on the cerebellar circuitry modify specific motor, cognitive, and affective operations both in normal subjects and in brain disorders such as AD or MDD, with the goal of preventing symptoms or improving the motor, cognitive, and affective symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Arleo
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Martin Bareš
- First Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne's Teaching Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Jessica A Bernard
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4235 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Hannah R Bogoian
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Muriel M K Bruchhage
- Department of Psychology, Stavanger University, Institute of Social Sciences, Kjell Arholms Gate 41, 4021, Stavanger, Norway
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Box 89, De Crespigny Park, London, PO, SE5 8AF, UK
- Rhode Island Hospital, Department for Diagnostic Imaging, 1 Hoppin St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
- Department of Paediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 222 Richmond St, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Patrick Bryant
- Freie Universität Berlin, Fachbereich Mathematik und Informatik, Arnimallee 12, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Erik S Carlson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Puget Sound, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chetwyn C H Chan
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liang-Kung Chen
- Center for Healthy Longevity and Aging Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Geriatric and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taipei Municipal Gan-Dau Hospital (managed by Taipei Veterans General Hospital), Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ping Chung
- Center for Healthy Longevity and Aging Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Vonetta M Dotson
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Gerontology Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pavel Filip
- Department of Neurology, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (CMRR), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Xavier Guell
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory for Neuroanatomy and Cerebellar Neurobiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christophe Habas
- CHNO Des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DGOS CIC 1423, 28 rue de Charenton, 75012, Paris, France
- Université Versailles St Quentin en Yvelines, Paris, France
| | - Heidi I L Jacobs
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, PO BOX 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, PO BOX 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Tatia M C Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Laboratory of Neuropsychology and Human Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Maria Leggio
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Ataxia Laboratory, I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Misiura
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hiroshi Mitoma
- Department of Medical Education, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Giusy Olivito
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Ataxia Laboratory, I.R.C.C.S. Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Stephen Ramanoël
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, F-75012, Paris, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, LAMHESS, Nice, France
| | - Zeynab Rezaee
- Noninvasive Neuromodulation Unit, Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Colby L Samstag
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Puget Sound, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeremy D Schmahmann
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Laboratory for Neuroanatomy and Cerebellar Neurobiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ataxia Center, Cognitive Behavioural neurology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kaoru Sekiyama
- Graduate School of Advanced Integrated Studies in Human Survivability, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Clive H Y Wong
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China
| | - Masatoshi Yamashita
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mario Manto
- Service de Neurologie, Médiathèque Jean Jacquy, CHU-Charleroi, Charleroi, Belgium.
- Service des Neurosciences, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium.
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12
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Pallarès-Sastre M, García M, Rouco-Axpe I, Amayra I. A systematic review of social cognition in hereditary ataxia patients: Evidence from neuroimaging studies. Brain Res 2024; 1827:148765. [PMID: 38219813 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mercè Pallarès-Sastre
- Neuro-e-Motion Research Team, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Maitane García
- Neuro-e-Motion Research Team, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Idoia Rouco-Axpe
- Neurology Service. Cruces University Hospital. BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo-Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Imanol Amayra
- Neuro-e-Motion Research Team, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
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13
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Purkartova Z, Krakorova K, Babuska V, Tuma J, Houdek Z, Roy Choudhury N, Kapl S, Kolinko Y, Sucha M, Porras-Garcia E, Kralickova M, Cendelin J. Quantification of Solid Embryonic Cerebellar Graft Volume in a Degenerative Ataxia Model. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024:10.1007/s12311-024-01676-z. [PMID: 38430389 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-024-01676-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Substitution of lost neurons by neurotransplantation would be a possible management of advanced degenerative cerebellar ataxias in which insufficient cerebellar reserve remains. In this study, we examined the volume and structure of solid embryonic cerebellar grafts in adult Lurcher mice, a model of olivocerebellar degeneration, and their healthy littermates. Grafts taken from enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-positive embryos were injected into the cerebellum of host mice. Two or six months later, the brains were examined histologically. The grafts were identified according to the EGFP fluorescence in frozen sections and their volumes were estimated using the Cavalieri principle. For gross histological evaluation, graft-containing slices were processed using Nissl and hematoxylin-eosin staining. Adjustment of the volume estimation approach suggested that it is reasonable to use all sections without sampling, but that calculation of values for up to 20% of lost section using linear interpolation does not constitute substantial error. Mean graft volume was smaller in Lurchers than in healthy mice when examined 6 months after the transplantation. We observed almost no signs of graft destruction. In some cases, compact grafts disorganized the structure of the host's cerebellar cortex. In Lurchers, the grafts had a limited contact with the host's cerebellum. Also, graft size was of greater variability in Lurchers than in healthy mice. The results are in compliance with our previous findings that Lurcher phenotype-associated factors have a negative effect on graft development. These factors can hypothetically include cerebellar morphology, local tissue milieu, or systemic factors such as immune system abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenka Purkartova
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 76, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Krakorova
- Department of Neurology, Faculty Hospital in Pilsen and Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Babuska
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Tuma
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 76, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Houdek
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Nilpawan Roy Choudhury
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 76, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Stepan Kapl
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 76, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Yaroslav Kolinko
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Quantitative Histology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Sucha
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 76, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Elena Porras-Garcia
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
| | - Milena Kralickova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Cendelin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Alej Svobody 76, 323 00, Plzen, Czech Republic.
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
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14
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Oldrati V, Butti N, Ferrari E, Cattaneo Z, Urgesi C, Finisguerra A. Excitatory cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation boosts the leverage of prior knowledge for predicting actions. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2024; 19:nsae019. [PMID: 38537123 PMCID: PMC11227954 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsae019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum causally supports social processing by generating internal models of social events based on statistical learning of behavioral regularities. However, whether the cerebellum is only involved in forming or also in using internal models for the prediction of forthcoming actions is still unclear. We used cerebellar transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (ctDCS) to modulate the performance of healthy adults in using previously learned expectations in an action prediction task. In a first learning phase of this task, participants were exposed to different levels of associations between specific actions and contextual elements, to induce the formation of either strongly or moderately informative expectations. In a following testing phase, which assessed the use of these expectations for predicting ambiguous (i.e. temporally occluded) actions, we delivered ctDCS. Results showed that anodic, compared to sham, ctDCS boosted the prediction of actions embedded in moderately, but not strongly, informative contexts. Since ctDCS was delivered during the testing phase, that is after expectations were established, our findings suggest that the cerebellum is causally involved in using internal models (and not just in generating them). This encourages the exploration of the clinical effects of ctDCS to compensate poor use of predictive internal models for social perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Oldrati
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini (LC) 23842, Italy
| | - Niccolò Butti
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini (LC) 23842, Italy
- PhD Program in Neural and Cognitive Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | | | - Zaira Cattaneo
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo 24129, Italy
| | - Cosimo Urgesi
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Bosisio Parini (LC) 23842, Italy
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Languages and Literatures, Communication, Education and Society, University of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
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15
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Oldrati V, Butti N, Ferrari E, Strazzer S, Romaniello R, Borgatti R, Urgesi C, Finisguerra A. Neurorestorative effects of cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation on social prediction of adolescents and young adults with congenital cerebellar malformations. Neuroimage Clin 2024; 41:103582. [PMID: 38428326 PMCID: PMC10944181 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Converging evidence points to impairments of the predictive function exerted by the cerebellum as one of the causes of the social cognition deficits observed in patients with cerebellar disorders. OBJECTIVE We tested the neurorestorative effects of cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (ctDCS) on the use of contextual expectations to interpret actions occurring in ambiguous sensory sceneries in a sample of adolescents and young adults with congenital, non-progressive cerebellar malformation (CM). METHODS We administered an action prediction task in which, in an implicit-learning phase, the probability of co-occurrence between actions and contextual elements was manipulated to form either strongly or moderately informative expectations. Subsequently, in a testing phase, we probed the use of these contextual expectations for predicting ambiguous (i.e., temporally occluded) actions. In a sham-controlled, within-subject design, participants received anodic or sham ctDCS during the task. RESULTS Anodic ctDCS, compared to sham, improved patients' ability to use contextual expectations to predict the unfolding of actions embedded in moderately, but not strongly, informative contexts. CONCLUSIONS These findings corroborate the role of the cerebellum in using previously learned contextual associations to predict social events and document the efficacy of ctDCS to boost social prediction in patients with congenital cerebellar malformation. The study encourages the further exploration of ctDCS as a neurorestorative tool for the neurorehabilitation of social cognition abilities in neurological, neuropsychiatric, and neurodevelopmental disorders featured by macro- or micro-structural alterations of the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Oldrati
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Via Don Luigi Monza 20, 23842 Bosisio Parini (LC), Italy.
| | - Niccolò Butti
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Via Don Luigi Monza 20, 23842 Bosisio Parini (LC), Italy; PhD Program in Neural and Cognitive Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Edoardo Weiss 2, 34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ferrari
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Via Don Luigi Monza 20, 23842 Bosisio Parini (LC), Italy
| | - Sandra Strazzer
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Via Don Luigi Monza 20, 23842 Bosisio Parini (LC), Italy
| | - Romina Romaniello
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Renato Borgatti
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Agostino Bassi 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Cosimo Urgesi
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Languages and Literatures, Communication, Education and Society, University of Udine, Via Margreth, 3, 33100 Udine, Italy; Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Via Cialdini 29, 33037 Pasian di Prato (UD), Italy
| | - Alessandra Finisguerra
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Via Cialdini 29, 33037 Pasian di Prato (UD), Italy
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16
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Luo D, He W, Shen D, Tang B, Tao H, Tang Q, Lai M, Liu J, Liu Y, Xu J, Meng J, Li J. Alterations in the brain functional network of abstinent male individuals with methamphetamine use disorder. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad523. [PMID: 38300175 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine is a highly addictive psychostimulant drug that is abused globally and is a serious threat to health worldwide. Unfortunately, the specific mechanism underlying addiction remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the characteristics of functional connectivity in the brain network and the factors influencing methamphetamine use disorder in patients using magnetic resonance imaging. We included 96 abstinent male participants with methamphetamine use disorder and 46 age- and sex-matched healthy controls for magnetic resonance imaging. Compared with healthy controls, participants with methamphetamine use disorder had greater impulsivity, fewer small-world attributes of the resting-state network, more nodal topological attributes in the cerebellum, greater functional connectivity strength within the cerebellum and between the cerebellum and brain, and decreased frontoparietal functional connectivity strength. In addition, after controlling for covariates, the partial correlation analysis showed that small-world properties were significantly associated with methamphetamine use frequency, psychological craving, and impulsivity. Furthermore, we revealed that the small-word attribute significantly mediated the effect of methamphetamine use frequency on motor impulsivity in the methamphetamine use disorder group. These findings may further improve our understanding of the neural mechanism of impulse control dysfunction underlying methamphetamine addiction and assist in exploring the neuropathological mechanism underlying methamphetamine use disorder-related dysfunction and rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Luo
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28 Dian Xin Nan Jie, Wuhou District, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanlin He
- Radiology Department, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region (Hospital. C.T.), No. 20, Xi Mian Qiao Heng Jie, Wuhou District, Chengdu, China
| | - Danlin Shen
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28 Dian Xin Nan Jie, Wuhou District, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Tang
- Chengdu Compulsory Detoxification Center, No. 9 Xue Fu Lu, Shuangliu District, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongge Tao
- Chengdu Compulsory Detoxification Center, No. 9 Xue Fu Lu, Shuangliu District, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Tang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28 Dian Xin Nan Jie, Wuhou District, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingfeng Lai
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28 Dian Xin Nan Jie, Wuhou District, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Sichuan Drug Rehabilitation Administration, No. 90 Shu Tong Jie, Jinniu District, Chengdu, China
| | - Yishan Liu
- Sichuan Drug Rehabilitation Administration, No. 90 Shu Tong Jie, Jinniu District, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiajun Xu
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28 Dian Xin Nan Jie, Wuhou District, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinli Meng
- Radiology Department, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region (Hospital. C.T.), No. 20, Xi Mian Qiao Heng Jie, Wuhou District, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Li
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 28 Dian Xin Nan Jie, Wuhou District, Chengdu, China
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17
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Fricchione G. Brain evolution and the meaning of catatonia - An update. Schizophr Res 2024; 263:139-150. [PMID: 36754715 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Back in 2004, in a chapter titled "Brain Evolution and the Meaning of Catatonia", a case was made that the syndrome's core meaning is embedded in millions of years of vertebrate brain evolution. (Fricchione, 2004) In this update, advances over the last almost 20 years, in catatonia theory and research in particular, and pertinent neuropsychiatry in general, will be applied to this question of meaning. The approach will rely heavily on a number of thought leaders, including Nicos Tinbergen, Paul MacLean, John Bowlby, M. Marsel Mesulam, Bruce McEwen and Karl Friston. Their guidance will be supplemented with a selected survey of 21sty century neuropsychiatry, neurophysiology, molecular biology, neuroimaging and neurotherapeutics as applied to the catatonic syndrome. In an attempt to address the question of the meaning of the catatonic syndrome in human life, we will employ two conceptual networks representing the intersubjectivity of the quantitative conceptual network of physical terms and the subjectivity of the qualitative conceptual network of mental and spiritual terms. In the process, a common referent providing extensional identity may emerge (Goodman, 1991). The goal of this exercise is to enhance our attunement with the experience of patients suffering with catatonia. A deeper understanding of catatonia's origins in brain evolution and of the challenges of individual epigenetic development in the setting of environmental events coupled with appreciation of what has been described as the most painful mammalian condition, that of separation, has the potential to foster greater efforts on the part of clinicians to diagnose and treat patients who present with catatonia. In addition, in this ancient and extreme tactic, evolved to provide safety from extreme survival threat, one can speculate what is at the core of human fear and the challenge it presents to all of us. And when the biology, psychology and sociology of catatonia are examined, the nature of solutions to the challenge may emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Fricchione
- Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine Division of Psychiatry and Medicine Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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18
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Mannarelli D, Pauletti C, Missori P, Trompetto C, Cotellessa F, Fattapposta F, Currà A. Cerebellum's Contribution to Attention, Executive Functions and Timing: Psychophysiological Evidence from Event-Related Potentials. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1683. [PMID: 38137131 PMCID: PMC10741792 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 1998, when Schmahmann first proposed the concept of the "cognitive affective syndrome" that linked cerebellar damage to cognitive and emotional impairments, a substantial body of literature has emerged. Anatomical, neurophysiological, and functional neuroimaging data suggest that the cerebellum contributes to cognitive functions through specific cerebral-cerebellar connections organized in a series of parallel loops. The aim of this paper is to review the current findings on the involvement of the cerebellum in selective cognitive functions, using a psychophysiological perspective with event-related potentials (ERPs), alone or in combination with non-invasive brain stimulation techniques. ERPs represent a very informative method of monitoring cognitive functioning online and have the potential to serve as valuable biomarkers of brain dysfunction that is undetected by other traditional clinical tools. This review will focus on the data on attention, executive functions, and time processing obtained in healthy subjects and patients with varying clinical conditions, thus confirming the role of ERPs in understanding the role of the cerebellum in cognition and exploring the potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications of ERP-based assessments in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Mannarelli
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell’Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.M.); (C.P.); (P.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Caterina Pauletti
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell’Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.M.); (C.P.); (P.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Paolo Missori
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell’Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.M.); (C.P.); (P.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Carlo Trompetto
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (C.T.); (F.C.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Division of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Neuroscience, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Filippo Cotellessa
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (C.T.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Fattapposta
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell’Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.M.); (C.P.); (P.M.); (F.F.)
| | - Antonio Currà
- Academic Neurology Unit, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04019 Terracina, Italy
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19
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Rabellino D, Thome J, Densmore M, Théberge J, McKinnon MC, Lanius RA. The Vestibulocerebellum and the Shattered Self: a Resting-State Functional Connectivity Study in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Its Dissociative Subtype. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 22:1083-1097. [PMID: 36121553 PMCID: PMC10657293 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01467-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The flocculus is a region of the vestibulocerebellum dedicated to the coordination of neck, head, and eye movements for optimal posture, balance, and orienting responses. Despite growing evidence of vestibular and oculomotor impairments in the aftermath of traumatic stress, little is known about the effects of chronic psychological trauma on vestibulocerebellar functioning. Here, we investigated alterations in functional connectivity of the flocculus at rest among individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its dissociative subtype (PTSD + DS) as compared to healthy controls. Forty-four healthy controls, 57 PTSD, and 32 PTSD + DS underwent 6-min resting-state MRI scans. Seed-based functional connectivity analyses using the right and left flocculi as seeds were performed. These analyses revealed that, as compared to controls, PTSD and PTSD + DS showed decreased resting-state functional connectivity of the left flocculus with cortical regions involved in bodily self-consciousness, including the temporo-parietal junction, the supramarginal and angular gyri, and the superior parietal lobule. Moreover, as compared to controls, the PTSD + DS group showed decreased functional connectivity of the left flocculus with the medial prefrontal cortex, the precuneus, and the mid/posterior cingulum, key regions of the default mode network. Critically, when comparing PTSD + DS to PTSD, we observed increased functional connectivity of the right flocculus with the right anterior hippocampus, a region affected frequently by early life trauma. Taken together, our findings point toward the crucial role of the flocculus in the neurocircuitry underlying a coherent and embodied self, which can be compromised in PTSD and PTSD + DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rabellino
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, University Hospital, (Room C3-103), 339 Windermere Road, London, ON, N6A 5A5, Canada.
- Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Janine Thome
- Department of Theoretical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Densmore
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, University Hospital, (Room C3-103), 339 Windermere Road, London, ON, N6A 5A5, Canada
- Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jean Théberge
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, University Hospital, (Room C3-103), 339 Windermere Road, London, ON, N6A 5A5, Canada
- Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Margaret C McKinnon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Mood Disorders Program and Anxiety Treatment and Research Centre, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ruth A Lanius
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, University Hospital, (Room C3-103), 339 Windermere Road, London, ON, N6A 5A5, Canada
- Imaging, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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20
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Hirano S, Sugiyama A, Arai K. Noradrenergic Pathway to the Cerebellum: the Study Must Go On. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 22:1052-1054. [PMID: 36149525 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01479-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In 1967, Andén, Fuxe, and Ungerstedt demonstrated the presence of monoamine-containing fibers in the rat cerebellum. Over the past 50 years, this finding has provided clinical relevance of the noradrenergic system to the cerebellum. Cerebellar dysfunction and noradrenergic system may relate to tremor in Parkinson disease and essential tremor, motor learning, and the vestibulo-ocular reflex in spinocerebellar ataxias. Cognition and emotion may also be linked to the cerebellar noradrenergic system, in relation to the symptoms of Alzheimer disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Despite recent technological advances in neuroimaging for evaluating the noradrenergic system, we need more evidence to understand the precise pathophysiological relationship between the cerebellum and the noradrenergic system and its clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Hirano
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Atsuhiko Sugiyama
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kimihito Arai
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Chibahigashi National Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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21
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Urbini N, Siciliano L, Olivito G, Leggio M. Unveiling the role of cerebellar alterations in the autonomic nervous system: a systematic review of autonomic dysfunction in spinocerebellar ataxias. J Neurol 2023; 270:5756-5772. [PMID: 37749264 PMCID: PMC10632228 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11993-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autonomic dysfunctions are prevalent in several cerebellar disorders, but they have not been systematically investigated in spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs). Studies investigating autonomic deficits in SCAs are fragmented, with each one focusing on different autonomic dysfunctions and different SCA subtypes. METHODS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, we conducted a systematic review of the literature to assess the presence of autonomic dysfunctions in various SCAs. PubMed served as the primary database, and the Rayyan web application was employed for study screening. RESULTS We identified 46 articles investigating at least one autonomic function in patients with SCA. The results were analyzed and categorized based on the genetic subtype of SCA, thereby characterizing the specific autonomic deficits associated with each subtype. CONCLUSION This review confirms the presence of autonomic dysfunctions in various genetic subtypes of SCA, underscoring the cerebellum's role in the autonomic nervous system (ANS). It also emphasizes the importance of investigating these functions in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Urbini
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185, Rome, Italy.
- Ataxia Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306-354, 00179, Rome, Italy.
| | - Libera Siciliano
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185, Rome, Italy
- Ataxia Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306-354, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Giusy Olivito
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185, Rome, Italy
- Ataxia Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306-354, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Leggio
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185, Rome, Italy
- Ataxia Laboratory, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306-354, 00179, Rome, Italy
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22
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Tripathi V, Somers DC. Predicting an individual's cerebellar activity from functional connectivity fingerprints. Neuroimage 2023; 281:120360. [PMID: 37717715 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum is gaining scientific attention as a key neural substrate of cognitive function; however, individual differences in the cerebellar organization have not yet been well studied. Individual differences in functional brain organization can be closely tied to individual differences in brain connectivity. 'Connectome Fingerprinting' is a modeling approach that predicts an individual's brain activity from their connectome. Here, we extend 'Connectome Fingerprinting' (CF) to the cerebellum. We examined functional MRI data from 160 subjects (98 females) of the Human Connectome Project young adult dataset. For each of seven cognitive task paradigms, we constructed CF models from task activation maps and resting-state cortico-cerebellar functional connectomes, using a set of training subjects. For each model, we then predicted task activation in novel individual subjects, using their resting-state functional connectomes. In each cognitive paradigm, the CF models predicted individual subject cerebellar activity patterns with significantly greater precision than did predictions from the group average task activation. Examination of the CF models revealed that the cortico-cerebellar connections that carried the most information were those made with the non-motor portions of the cerebral cortex. These results demonstrate that the fine-scale functional connectivity between the cerebral cortex and cerebellum carries important information about individual differences in cerebellar functional organization. Additionally, CF modeling may be useful in the examination of patients with cerebellar dysfunction, since model predictions require only resting-state fMRI data which is more easily obtained than task fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Tripathi
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 64 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - David C Somers
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 64 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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23
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Stanca S, Rossetti M, Bongioanni P. The Cerebellum's Role in Affective Disorders: The Onset of Its Social Dimension. Metabolites 2023; 13:1113. [PMID: 37999209 PMCID: PMC10672979 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13111113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Bipolar Disorder (BD) are the most frequent mental disorders whose indeterminate etiopathogenesis spurs to explore new aetiologic scenarios. In light of the neuropsychiatric symptoms characterizing Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome (CCAS), the objective of this narrative review is to analyze the involvement of the cerebellum (Cbm) in the onset of these conditions. It aims at detecting the repercussions of the Cbm activities on mood disorders based on its functional subdivision in vestibulocerebellum (vCbm), pontocerebellum (pCbm) and spinocerebellum (sCbm). Despite the Cbm having been, for decades, associated with somato-motor functions, the described intercellular pathways, without forgiving the molecular impairment and the alteration in the volumetric relationships, make the Cbm a new important therapeutic target for MDD and BD. Given that numerous studies have showed its activation during mnestic activities and socio-emotional events, this review highlights in the Cbm, in which the altered external space perception (vCbm) is strictly linked to the cognitive-limbic Cbm (pCbm and sCbm), a crucial role in the MDD and BD pathogenesis. Finally, by the analysis of the cerebellar activity, this study aims at underlying not only the Cbm involvement in affective disorders, but also its role in social relationship building.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Stanca
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- NeuroCare Onlus, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Martina Rossetti
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- NeuroCare Onlus, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Bongioanni
- NeuroCare Onlus, 56100 Pisa, Italy
- Medical Specialties Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, 56100 Pisa, Italy
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24
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Schmahmann JD. Ferdinando Rossi Lecture: the Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome-Implications and Future Directions. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 22:947-953. [PMID: 35948744 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01456-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The notion that the cerebellum is devoted exclusively to motor control has been replaced by a more sophisticated understanding of its role in neurological function, one that includes cognition and emotion. Early clinical reports, as well as physiological and behavioral studies in animal models, raised the possibility of a nonmotor role for the cerebellum. Anatomical studies demonstrate cerebellar connectivity with the distributed neural circuits linked with autonomic, sensorimotor, vestibular, associative and limbic/paralimbic brain areas. Identification of the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome in adults and children underscored the clinical relevance of the role of the cerebellum in cognition and emotion. It opened new avenues of investigation into higher order deficits that accompany the ataxias and other cerebellar diseases, as well as the contribution of cerebellar dysfunction to neuropsychiatric and neurocognitive disorders. Brain imaging studies demonstrate the complexity of cerebellar functional topography, revealing a double representation of the sensorimotor cerebellum in the anterior lobe and lobule VIII and a triple cognitive representation in the cerebellar posterior lobe, as well as representation in the cerebellum of the intrinsic connectivity networks identified in the cerebral hemispheres. This paradigm shift in thinking about the cerebellum has been advanced by the theories of dysmetria of thought and the universal cerebellar transform, harmonizing the dual anatomic realities of homogeneously repeating cerebellar cortical microcircuitry set against the heterogeneous and topographically arranged cerebellar connections with extracerebellar structures. This new appreciation of the cerebellar incorporation into circuits that subserve cognition and emotion enables deeper understanding and improved care of our patients with cerebellar ataxias and novel cerebellar-based approaches to therapy in neuropsychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D Schmahmann
- Ataxia Center, Cognitive Behavioral Neurology Unit, Laboratory for Neuroanatomy and Cerebellar Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 100 Cambridge Street, Suite 2000, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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25
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Coarelli G, Coutelier M, Durr A. Autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias: new genes and progress towards treatments. Lancet Neurol 2023; 22:735-749. [PMID: 37479376 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(23)00068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Dominantly inherited spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are associated with phenotypes that range from pure cerebellar to multisystemic. The list of implicated genes has lengthened in the past 5 years with the inclusion of SCA37/DAB1, SCA45/FAT2, SCA46/PLD3, SCA47/PUM1, SCA48/STUB1, SCA50/NPTX1, SCA25/PNPT1, SCA49/SAM9DL, and SCA27B/FGF14. In some patients, co-occurrence of multiple potentially pathogenic variants can explain variable penetrance or more severe phenotypes. Given this extreme clinical and genetic heterogeneity, genome sequencing should become the diagnostic tool of choice but is still not available in many clinical settings. Treatments tested in phase 2 and phase 3 studies, such as riluzole and transcranial direct current stimulation of the cerebellum and spinal cord, have given conflicting results. To enable early intervention, preataxic carriers of pathogenic variants should be assessed with biomarkers, such as neurofilament light chain and brain MRI; these biomarkers could also be used as outcome measures, given that clinical outcomes are not useful in the preataxic phase. The development of bioassays measuring the concentration of the mutant protein (eg, ataxin-3) might facilitate monitoring of target engagement by gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Coarelli
- Sorbonne Université, ICM Institut du Cerveau, Pitié-Salpeêtrieère University Hospital, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marie Coutelier
- Sorbonne Université, ICM Institut du Cerveau, Pitié-Salpeêtrieère University Hospital, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Durr
- Sorbonne Université, ICM Institut du Cerveau, Pitié-Salpeêtrieère University Hospital, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
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26
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Gaughan C, Nasa A, Roman E, Cullinane D, Kelly L, Riaz S, Brady C, Browne C, Sooknarine V, Mosley O, Almulla A, Alsehli A, Kelliher A, Murphy C, O'Hanlon E, Cannon M, Roddy DW. A Pilot Study of Adolescents with Psychotic Experiences: Potential Cerebellar Circuitry Disruption Early Along the Psychosis Spectrum. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023:10.1007/s12311-023-01579-5. [PMID: 37351730 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-023-01579-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
A berrant connectivity in the cerebellum has been found in psychotic conditions such as schizophrenia corresponding with cognitive and motor deficits found in these conditions. Diffusion differences in the superior cerebellar peduncles, the white matter connecting the cerebellar circuitry to the rest of the brain, have also been found in schizophrenia and high-risk states. However, white matter diffusivity in the peduncles in individuals with sub-threshold psychotic experiences (PEs) but not reaching the threshold for a definitive diagnosis remains unstudied. This study investigates the cerebellar peduncles in adolescents with PEs but no formal psychiatric diagnosis.Sixteen adolescents with PEs and 17 age-matched controls recruited from schools underwent High-Angular-Resolution-Diffusion neuroimaging. Following constrained spherical deconvolution whole-brain tractography, the superior, inferior and middle peduncles were isolated and virtually dissected out using ExploreDTI. Differences for macroscopic and microscopic tract metrics were calculated using one-way between-group analyses of covariance controlling for age, sex and estimated Total Intracranial Volume (eTIV). Multiple comparisons were corrected using Bonferroni correction.A decrease in fractional anisotropy was identified in the right (p = 0.045) and left (p = 0.058) superior cerebellar peduncle; however, this did not survive strict Bonferroni multiple comparison correction. There were no differences in volumes or other diffusion metrics in either the middle or inferior peduncles.Our trend level changes in the superior cerebellar peduncle in a non-clinical sample exhibiting psychotic experiences complement similar but more profound changes previously found in ultra-high-risk individuals and those with psychotic disorders. This suggests that superior cerebellar peduncle circuitry perturbations may occur early along in the psychosis spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caoimhe Gaughan
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Anurag Nasa
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Elena Roman
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Dearbhla Cullinane
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Linda Kelly
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Sahar Riaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Conan Brady
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Ciaran Browne
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Vitallia Sooknarine
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Olivia Mosley
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Ahmad Almulla
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Assael Alsehli
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Allison Kelliher
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Cian Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Erik O'Hanlon
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Mary Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Darren William Roddy
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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27
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Chen Q, Xu Y, Christiaen E, Wu GR, De Witte S, Vanhove C, Saunders J, Peremans K, Baeken C. Structural connectome alterations in anxious dogs: a DTI-based study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9946. [PMID: 37337053 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37121-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety and fear are dysfunctional behaviors commonly observed in domesticated dogs. Although dogs and humans share psychopathological similarities, little is known about how dysfunctional fear behaviors are represented in brain networks in dogs diagnosed with anxiety disorders. A combination of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and graph theory was used to investigate the underlying structural connections of dysfunctional anxiety in anxious dogs and compared with healthy dogs with normal behavior. The degree of anxiety was assessed using the Canine Behavioral Assessment & Research Questionnaire (C-BARQ), a widely used, validated questionnaire for abnormal behaviors in dogs. Anxious dogs showed significantly decreased clustering coefficient ([Formula: see text]), decreased global efficiency ([Formula: see text]), and increased small-worldness (σ) when compared with healthy dogs. The nodal parameters that differed between the anxious dogs and healthy dogs were mainly located in the posterior part of the brain, including the occipital lobe, posterior cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, mesencephalon, and cerebellum. Furthermore, the nodal degree ([Formula: see text]) of the left cerebellum was significantly negatively correlated with "excitability" in the C-BARQ of anxious dogs. These findings could contribute to the understanding of a disrupted brain structural connectome underlying the pathological mechanisms of anxiety-related disorders in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyuan Chen
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Department of Head and Skin, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Yangfeng Xu
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Department of Head and Skin, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Emma Christiaen
- Medical Image and Signal Processing (MEDISIP), Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guo-Rong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Sara De Witte
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Department of Head and Skin, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Bru-BRAIN, University Hospital (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
- Neuroprotection & Neuromodulation Research Group (NEUR), Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christian Vanhove
- Medical Image and Signal Processing (MEDISIP), Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jimmy Saunders
- Department of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Kathelijne Peremans
- Department of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Chris Baeken
- Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Department of Head and Skin, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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28
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Lippiello P, Montarolo F, Tanaka-Yamamoto K, Hoxha E. Editorial: The cerebellar involvement in non cerebellar pathologies. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1232155. [PMID: 37383839 PMCID: PMC10295716 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1232155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pellegrino Lippiello
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Montarolo
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Turin, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Keiko Tanaka-Yamamoto
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eriola Hoxha
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Turin, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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29
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Wang C, Derderian KD, Hamada E, Zhou X, Nelson AD, Kyoung H, Ahituv N, Bouvier G, Bender KJ. Impaired cerebellar plasticity hypersensitizes sensory reflexes in SCN2A-associated ASD. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.05.543814. [PMID: 37333267 PMCID: PMC10274749 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.05.543814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) commonly present with sensory hypersensitivity, or abnormally strong reactions to sensory stimuli. Such hypersensitivity can be overwhelming, causing high levels of distress that contribute markedly to the negative aspects of the disorder. Here, we identify the mechanisms that underlie hypersensitivity in a sensorimotor reflex found to be altered in humans and in mice with loss-of-function in the ASD risk-factor gene SCN2A. The cerebellum-dependent vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), which helps maintain one's gaze during movement, was hypersensitized due to deficits in cerebellar synaptic plasticity. Heterozygous loss of SCN2A-encoded NaV1.2 sodium channels in granule cells impaired high-frequency transmission to Purkinje cells and long-term potentiation, a form of synaptic plasticity important for modulating VOR gain. VOR plasticity could be rescued in adolescent mice via a CRISPR-activator approach that increases Scn2a expression, highlighting how evaluation of simple reflexes can be used as quantitative readout of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Wang
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kimberly D. Derderian
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hamada
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xujia Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew D. Nelson
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Henry Kyoung
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nadav Ahituv
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Guy Bouvier
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kevin J Bender
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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30
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Hughes DE, Kunitoki K, Elyounssi S, Luo M, Bazer OM, Hopkinson CE, Dowling KF, Doyle AE, Dunn EC, Eryilmaz H, Gilman JM, Holt DJ, Valera EM, Smoller JW, Cecil CAM, Tiemeier H, Lee PH, Roffman JL. Genetic patterning for child psychopathology is distinct from that for adults and implicates fetal cerebellar development. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:959-969. [PMID: 37202553 PMCID: PMC7614744 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01321-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Childhood psychiatric symptoms are often diffuse but can coalesce into discrete mental illnesses during late adolescence. We leveraged polygenic scores (PGSs) to parse genomic risk for childhood symptoms and to uncover related neurodevelopmental mechanisms with transcriptomic and neuroimaging data. In independent samples (Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development, Generation R) a narrow cross-disorder neurodevelopmental PGS, reflecting risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, depression and Tourette syndrome, predicted psychiatric symptoms through early adolescence with greater sensitivity than broad cross-disorder PGSs reflecting shared risk across eight psychiatric disorders, the disorder-specific PGS individually or two other narrow cross-disorder (Compulsive, Mood-Psychotic) scores. Neurodevelopmental PGS-associated genes were preferentially expressed in the cerebellum, where their expression peaked prenatally. Further, lower gray matter volumes in cerebellum and functionally coupled cortical regions associated with psychiatric symptoms in mid-childhood. These findings demonstrate that the genetic underpinnings of pediatric psychiatric symptoms differ from those of adult illness, and implicate fetal cerebellar developmental processes that endure through childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan E Hughes
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keiko Kunitoki
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Safia Elyounssi
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mannan Luo
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Oren M Bazer
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Casey E Hopkinson
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin F Dowling
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alysa E Doyle
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erin C Dunn
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hamdi Eryilmaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jodi M Gilman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- MGH/HST Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Daphne J Holt
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- MGH/HST Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Eve M Valera
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charlotte A M Cecil
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Phil H Lee
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joshua L Roffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- MGH/HST Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.
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31
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Ewald VAM, Purnell JR, Bruss JE, Barsotti EJ, Aldine AS, Mahachi KG, Wemmie JA, Magnotta VA, Boes AD, Parker KL, Fiedorowicz JG. Posterior Fossa Sub-Arachnoid Cysts Observed in Patients with Bipolar Disorder: a Retrospective Cohort Study. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 22:370-378. [PMID: 35568792 PMCID: PMC9659668 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01408-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Posterior fossa arachnoid cysts (PFACs) are rare congenital abnormalities observed in 0.3 to 1.7% of the population and are traditionally thought to be benign. While conducting a neuroimaging study investigating cerebellar structure in bipolar disorder, we observed a higher incidence of PFACs in bipolar patients (5 of 75; 6.6%) compared to the neuronormative control group (1 of 54; 1.8%). In this report, we detail the cases of the five patients with bipolar disorder who presented with PFACs. Additionally, we compare neuropsychiatric measures and cerebellar volumes of these patients to neuronormative controls and bipolar controls (those with bipolar disorder without neuroanatomical abnormalities). Our findings suggest that patients with bipolar disorder who also present with PFACs may have a milder symptom constellation relative to patients with bipolar disorder and no neuroanatomical abnormalities. Furthermore, our observations align with prior literature suggesting an association between PFACs and psychiatric symptoms that warrants further study. While acknowledging sample size limitations, our primary aim in the present work is to highlight a connection between PFACs and BD-associated symptoms and encourage further study of cerebellar abnormalities in psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victόria A Müller Ewald
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, 195-207 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA
| | - Jessica R Purnell
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, 195-207 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA
| | - Joel E Bruss
- Department of Neurology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ercole J Barsotti
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Amro S Aldine
- Department of Radiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kurayi G Mahachi
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John A Wemmie
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, 195-207 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA
| | - Vincent A Magnotta
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, 195-207 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA
- Department of Radiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Aaron D Boes
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, 195-207 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Krystal L Parker
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, 195-207 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA.
| | - Jess G Fiedorowicz
- Brain and Mind Institute, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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32
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Ciapponi C, Li Y, Osorio Becerra DA, Rodarie D, Casellato C, Mapelli L, D’Angelo E. Variations on the theme: focus on cerebellum and emotional processing. Front Syst Neurosci 2023; 17:1185752. [PMID: 37234065 PMCID: PMC10206087 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2023.1185752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum operates exploiting a complex modular organization and a unified computational algorithm adapted to different behavioral contexts. Recent observations suggest that the cerebellum is involved not just in motor but also in emotional and cognitive processing. It is therefore critical to identify the specific regional connectivity and microcircuit properties of the emotional cerebellum. Recent studies are highlighting the differential regional localization of genes, molecules, and synaptic mechanisms and microcircuit wiring. However, the impact of these regional differences is not fully understood and will require experimental investigation and computational modeling. This review focuses on the cellular and circuit underpinnings of the cerebellar role in emotion. And since emotion involves an integration of cognitive, somatomotor, and autonomic activity, we elaborate on the tradeoff between segregation and distribution of these three main functions in the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Ciapponi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Yuhe Li
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Dimitri Rodarie
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Centro Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Casellato
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lisa Mapelli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Egidio D’Angelo
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Brain Connectivity Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
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33
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Simona K, Veronika M, Zahinoor I, Martin V. Neuropsychiatric symptoms in spinocerebellar ataxias and Friedreich ataxia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 150:105205. [PMID: 37137435 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Apart from its role in motor coordination, the importance of the cerebellum in cognitive and affective processes has been recognized in the past few decades. Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA) and Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) are rare neurodegenerative diseases of the cerebellum presenting mainly with a progressive loss of gait and limb coordination, dysarthria, and other motor disturbances, but also a range of cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms. This narrative review summarizes the current knowledge on neuropsychiatric impairment in SCA and FRDA. We discuss the prevalence, clinical features and treatment approaches in the most commonly reported domains of depression, anxiety, apathy, agitation and impulse dyscontrol, and psychosis. Since these symptoms have a considerable impact on patients' quality of life, we argue that further research is mandated to improve the detection and treatment options of neuropsychiatric co-morbidities in ataxia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karamazovova Simona
- Center of Hereditary Ataxias, Department of Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matuskova Veronika
- Center of Hereditary Ataxias, Department of Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Ismail Zahinoor
- Departments of Psychiatry, Clinical Neurosciences, and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine; Hotchkiss Brain Institute and O'Brien Institute of Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vyhnalek Martin
- Center of Hereditary Ataxias, Department of Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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34
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Sumalde AAM, Scholes MA, Kalmanson OA, Terhune EA, Frejo L, Wethey CI, Roman-Naranjo P, Carry PM, Gubbels SP, Lopez-Escamez JA, Hadley-Miller N, Santos-Cortez RLP. Rare Coding Variants in Patients with Non-Syndromic Vestibular Dysfunction. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:831. [PMID: 37107589 PMCID: PMC10137884 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vertigo due to vestibular dysfunction is rare in children. The elucidation of its etiology will improve clinical management and the quality of life of patients. Genes for vestibular dysfunction were previously identified in patients with both hearing loss and vertigo. This study aimed to identify rare, coding variants in children with peripheral vertigo but no hearing loss, and in patients with potentially overlapping phenotypes, namely, Meniere's disease or idiopathic scoliosis. Rare variants were selected from the exome sequence data of 5 American children with vertigo, 226 Spanish patients with Meniere's disease, and 38 European-American probands with scoliosis. In children with vertigo, 17 variants were found in 15 genes involved in migraine, musculoskeletal phenotypes, and vestibular development. Three genes, OTOP1, HMX3, and LAMA2, have knockout mouse models for vestibular dysfunction. Moreover, HMX3 and LAMA2 were expressed in human vestibular tissues. Rare variants within ECM1, OTOP1, and OTOP2 were each identified in three adult patients with Meniere's disease. Additionally, an OTOP1 variant was identified in 11 adolescents with lateral semicircular canal asymmetry, 10 of whom have scoliosis. We hypothesize that peripheral vestibular dysfunction in children may be due to multiple rare variants within genes that are involved in the inner ear structure, migraine, and musculoskeletal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Augusto M. Sumalde
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of the Philippines Manila College of Medicine, Philippine General Hospital, Manila 1000, Philippines
| | - Melissa A. Scholes
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Olivia A. Kalmanson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Terhune
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lidia Frejo
- Otology and Neurotology Group CTS495, Department of Genomic Medicine, GENYO-Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research-Pfizer-University of Granada-Junta de Andalucia, PTS, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.GRANADA, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Cambria I. Wethey
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Pablo Roman-Naranjo
- Otology and Neurotology Group CTS495, Department of Genomic Medicine, GENYO-Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research-Pfizer-University of Granada-Junta de Andalucia, PTS, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.GRANADA, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Patrick M. Carry
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Samuel P. Gubbels
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jose A. Lopez-Escamez
- Otology and Neurotology Group CTS495, Department of Genomic Medicine, GENYO-Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research-Pfizer-University of Granada-Junta de Andalucia, PTS, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.GRANADA, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Meniere’s Disease Neuroscience Research Program, Faculty of Medicine & Health, School of Medical Sciences, The Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Nancy Hadley-Miller
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Musculoskeletal Research Center, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Regie Lyn P. Santos-Cortez
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Center for Children’s Surgery, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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35
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Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome and Delusional Disorder Associated With Long-Term Phenytoin Use: A Case Report. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2023; 43:184-186. [PMID: 36825870 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000001667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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36
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Zhi L, Zhang F, Liu H, Jiang X, Zhang Y, Yang Q, Zhang X, Liu M, Zhang Z, Song J. CRS induces depression-like behavior after MCAO in rats possibly by activating p38 MAPK. Behav Brain Res 2023; 437:114104. [PMID: 36100011 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a common neuropsychiatric complication of stroke, which seriously affects the quality of life and prognosis of patients. Nevertheless, the pathogenesis of PSD remains unclear. In our study, a PSD rat model was established by chronic restraint stress (CRS) combined with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Depressive and anxiety-like behaviors were tested, as well as Neuronal loss and Apoptosis. The expression of synapse and p38 MAPK signaling pathway -relevant proteins was detected. Our data indicated that CRS combined with MCAO could induce depression-like and anxiety-like behaviors, which led to neuronal damage, apoptosis, and cellular loss in the left parietal cortex and left hippocampus. Furthermore, CRS combined with MCAO decreased synaptic plasticity in the parietal cortex and left hippocampus. We found that CRS combined with MCAO had activated the p38 MAPK signaling pathway, and decreased the expression of pathway-related proteins MKK6 and MKK3. These results suggested that CRS combined with MCAO could lead to depression-like behavior via neuronal damage, apoptosis and reduced synaptic plasticity, which might be related to the activation of the p38 MAPK pathway. Therefore, it provides novel ideas for the research on the intervention and prevention mechanisms of PSD.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Rats
- Depression/etiology
- Depression/metabolism
- Depression/psychology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/etiology
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/metabolism
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/pathology
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/psychology
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Quality of Life
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Stroke/etiology
- Stroke/metabolism
- Stroke/psychology
- Arterial Occlusive Diseases/etiology
- Arterial Occlusive Diseases/metabolism
- Synapses/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Restraint, Physical/adverse effects
- Restraint, Physical/physiology
- Restraint, Physical/psychology
- Chronic Disease
- Stress, Psychological/etiology
- Stress, Psychological/metabolism
- Stress, Psychological/psychology
- Apoptosis
- Anxiety/etiology
- Anxiety/metabolism
- Anxiety/psychology
- Cerebral Cortex/metabolism
- Cerebral Cortex/pathology
- Hippocampus/metabolism
- Hippocampus/pathology
- Neurons/metabolism
- Neurons/pathology
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Zhi
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Fuping Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Xinhui Jiang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Qianling Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Mengke Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, China.
| | - Jinggui Song
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University (Henan Mental Hospital), China; Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, China.
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37
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Olivito G, Siciliano L, Clausi S, Lupo M, Baiocco R, Gragnani A, Saettoni M, Delle Chiaie R, Laghi F, Leggio M. The Cerebellum Gets Social: Evidence from an Exploratory Study of Cerebellar, Neurodevelopmental, and Psychiatric Disorders. Biomedicines 2023; 11:309. [PMID: 36830846 PMCID: PMC9953169 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Social prediction is a key feature of social cognition (SC), a function in which the modulating role of the cerebellum is recognized. Accordingly, cerebellar alterations are reported in cerebellar pathologies, neurodevelopmental disorders, and psychiatric conditions that show SC deficits. Nevertheless, to date, no study has directly compared populations representative of these three conditions with respect to SC and cerebellar alterations. Therefore, the present exploratory study aimed to compare the SC profiles of individuals with cerebellar neurodegenerative disorders (CB), autism (ASD), bipolar disorder type 2 (BD2), or healthy subjects (HS) using a battery of social tests requiring different degrees of prediction processing. The patterns of cerebellar gray matter (GM) alterations were compared among the groups using voxel-based morphometry. Compared to HS, the clinical groups showed common SC deficits in tasks involving a moderate to high level of prediction. The behavioral results of the clinical groups are consistent with the presence of overlapping GM reduction in cerebellar right Crus II, an area notably involved in complex social processing and prediction. Although exploratory and preliminary, these results deepen the cerebellar role in social prediction and highlight the transdiagnostic value of the cerebellum in social functioning and prediction in pathologies of different aetiologies, forecasting novel possibilities for shared interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Olivito
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Ataxia Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Libera Siciliano
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Ataxia Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Clausi
- Ataxia Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Klinikos Center for Psychodiagnostics and Psychotherapy, Viale delle Milizie 38, 00192 Roma, Italy
| | - Michela Lupo
- Servizio di Tutela della Salute Mentale e Riabilitazione dell’Età Evolutiva ASL, Roma 2, 00145 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Baiocco
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Gragnani
- Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva SPC, 58100 Grosseto, Italy
- Associazione Psicologia Cognitiva (APC)/Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva (SPC), 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Saettoni
- Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva SPC, 58100 Grosseto, Italy
- Unità Funzionale Salute Mentale Adulti ASL Toscana Nord-Ovest Valle del Serchio, 56121 Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Delle Chiaie
- Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health–Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Laghi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Leggio
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Ataxia Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, 00179 Rome, Italy
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Saari TT. Empirical and Authoritative Classification of Neuropsychiatric Syndromes in Neurocognitive Disorders. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 35:39-47. [PMID: 35872615 DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.21100249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric symptoms of neurocognitive disorders have been classified into higher-order constructs, often called neuropsychiatric syndromes. As with the general psychopathology literature, these classifications have been achieved through two approaches: empirical and authoritative. The authoritative approach relies on expert panels that condense the available evidence into operational criteria, whereas the empirical approach uses statistical methods to discover symptom patterns and possible hierarchies formed by them. In this article, the author reviews the strengths and weaknesses of both approaches using general psychopathology literature as a reference point. The authoritative approach, influenced by the DSM, has led to several sets of criteria, which could aid clinical trials, diagnostics, and communication. However, unknown reliability and the complex relationships between empirical evidence and published criteria may limit the utility of current criteria. The empirical approach has been used to explore syndrome structures on the basis of rating scales for neuropsychiatric symptoms. The structures suggested in these studies have not been replicated easily and have been limited by either small sample sizes, restricted breadth of neuropsychiatric assessment, or both. Suggestions for further development of both approaches are offered. First, neuropsychiatric symptoms and syndromes need to be studied with measures of broad scope and in large samples. These requirements are prerequisites not only for eliciting highly informative empirical classifications but also for understanding these symptoms at a more nuanced level. Second, both approaches could benefit from more transparency. Finally, the reliability of the available authoritative criteria should be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Tapani Saari
- Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, and NeuroCenter, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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Zhang Q, Li X, Yan H, Wang Y, Ou Y, Yu Y, Liang J, Liao H, Wu W, Mai X, Xie G, Guo W. Associations between abnormal spontaneous neural activity and clinical variables, eye movements, and event-related potential indicators in major depressive disorder. Front Neurosci 2023; 16:1056868. [PMID: 36711124 PMCID: PMC9875062 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1056868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the correlations between abnormal spontaneous neural activity measured with fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) and clinical variables, eye movements, and event-related potential indicators in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods We recruited 42 patients with MDD and 42 healthy controls (HCs) and collected their clinical variables, eye movement, event-related potential, and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data. The fALFF, support vector machine (SVM), and correlation analysis were used to analyze the data. Results The results of the study showed that the fALFF values of the sensorimotor network, including the right middle temporal gyrus, right cerebellar Crus2, left occipital gyrus, and left middle temporal gyrus, were significantly higher compared to HCs. Correlation analysis showed that the abnormal fALFF value of the right cerebellar Crus2 was inversely correlated with the active coping scores of the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire in the patients (r = -0.307, p = 0.048). No correlation was observed between abnormal fALFF values and other clinical symptoms, neuropsychological tests, eye movements, and event-related potential-related indicators in patients with MDD. fALFF values in the left middle temporal gyrus could be used to distinguish patients with MDD from HCs with an accuracy of 78.57%. Conclusions Patients with MDD exhibited enhanced spontaneous neural activity in the sensorimotor network. No associations were found between abnormal spontaneous neural activity and clinical variables, eye movements, and event-related potential related indicators in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Haohao Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yangpan Ou
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaquan Liang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Hairong Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Wanting Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiancong Mai
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Guojun Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China,*Correspondence: Guojun Xie ✉
| | - Wenbin Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Wenbin Guo ✉
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Sun J, Ma Y, Guo C, Du Z, Chen L, Wang Z, Li X, Xu K, Luo Y, Hong Y, Yu X, Xiao X, Fang J, Lu J. Distinct patterns of functional brain network integration between treatment-resistant depression and non treatment-resistant depression: A resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 120:110621. [PMID: 36031163 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous neuroimaging has paid little attention to the differences in brain network integration between patients with treatment-resistant depression(TRD) and non-TRD (nTRD), and the relationship between their impaired brain network integration and clinical symptoms has not been elucidated. METHOD Eighty one major depressive disorder (MDD) patients (40 in TRD, 41 in nTRD) and 40 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled for the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans. A seed-based functional connectivity (FC) method was used to investigate the brain network abnormalities of default mode network (DMN), affective network (AN), salience network (SN) and cognitive control network (CCN) for the MDD. Finally, the correlation was analyzed between the abnormal FCs and 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression scale (HAMD-17) scores. RESULTS Compared with the HC group, the FCs in DMN, AN, SN, CCN were altered in both the TRD and nTRD groups. Compared with the nTRD group, FC alterations in the AN and CCN were more abnormal in the TRD group, and the FC alterations were generally decreased at the SN in the TRD group. In addition, the FC values of right dorsolateral prefrontal cortices and left caudate nucleus in the TRD group and the FC values of right subgenual anterior cingulate cortex and left middle temporal gyrus in the nTRD group were positively correlated with HAMD-17 scale scores. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal FCs are present in four brain networks (DMN, AN, SN, CCN) in both the TRD and nTRD groups. Except of DMN, FCs in AN, SN and CCN maybe underlay the neurobiological mechanism in differentiating TRD from nTRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifei Sun
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100053 Beijing, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100053 Beijing, China
| | - Chunlei Guo
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100053 Beijing, China
| | - Zhongming Du
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100700 Beijing, China
| | - Limei Chen
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100053 Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100053 Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojiao Li
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100053 Beijing, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100053 Beijing, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100053 Beijing, China
| | - Yang Hong
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100053 Beijing, China
| | - Xue Yu
- Beijing First Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, 100026 Beijing, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Beijing First Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, 100026 Beijing, China
| | - Jiliang Fang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 100053 Beijing, China.
| | - Jie Lu
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100053 Beijing, China.
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Chin PW, Augustine GJ. The cerebellum and anxiety. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1130505. [PMID: 36909285 PMCID: PMC9992220 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1130505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the cerebellum is traditionally known for its role in motor functions, recent evidence points toward the additional involvement of the cerebellum in an array of non-motor functions. One such non-motor function is anxiety behavior: a series of recent studies now implicate the cerebellum in anxiety. Here, we review evidence regarding the possible role of the cerebellum in anxiety-ranging from clinical studies to experimental manipulation of neural activity-that collectively points toward a role for the cerebellum, and possibly a specific topographical locus within the cerebellum, as one of the orchestrators of anxiety responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wern Chin
- Program in Neuroscience & Mental Health, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - George J Augustine
- Program in Neuroscience & Mental Health, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Pour-Rashidi A, Namvar M, Iranmehr A, Carpaneto A, Hanaei S, Rezaei N. Psychological and Psychiatric Aspects of Brain and Spinal Cord Tumors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1405:673-687. [PMID: 37452958 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-23705-8_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are mainly diagnosed by physical symptoms such as paralysis, visual field defect, seizure, and loss of consciousness. The psychological and psychiatric background of CNS tumors, whether in preoperative or postoperative period, has long been a neglected topic; however, lately, many authors and researchers have paid more attention to these manifestations. Neurocognition is a subset of parameters, including attention, memory, mood, emotions, language production, personality, executive function, problem-solving, calculation, and spatial cognition, making up the patient's cognitive performance. Also, it is worthy to say that neurocognition is considered a parameter of quality of life (QoL). Currently, we know that neurocognitive disorders are a group of symptoms presenting by the patients. These symptoms may be the first picture of CNS lesions, which result in incorrect treatment, a higher financial burden on the patient and health system, and finally, poorer QoL and performance scale if they are not diagnosed early. Psychological and psychiatric problems such as depression, anxiety, and phobia following the CNS tumors have two aspects. These may present before any treatment resulting from the tumoral mass effect, peritumoral edema, or cerebral tissue disruption due to the space-occupying lesion. On the other hand, we can see these features after a kind of therapy such as surgery, medical therapy, or adjuvant therapy. Sometimes, the CNS tumors lead to psychosocial complications postoperatively. Indeed, considering tumor surgery complications, some patients may find various degrees of deficits that make the patient isolated either socially or professionally. Obviously, the improvement rate and outcome of this specific situation depend on the mechanism of occurrence and its causes. For instance, postoperative symptom relief would be expected when the symptoms are related to the tumoral mass effect. Getting familiar with this constellation of the symptoms, realizing them, and then localizing them to the correct area of the CNS are very crucial. Accordingly, because of their importance in QoL, their influence on patient's survival even more than the extent of resection of the tumor, and somehow their ignorance, we will discuss different neurocognitive manifestations related to CNS tumors in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Pour-Rashidi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohamad Namvar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Arad Iranmehr
- Department of Neurosurgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Allegra Carpaneto
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University and City of Health and Science Hospital, Via Cherasco 15, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Hanaei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Siciliano L, Olivito G, Lupo M, Urbini N, Gragnani A, Saettoni M, Delle Chiaie R, Leggio M. The role of the cerebellum in sequencing and predicting social and non-social events in patients with bipolar disorder. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1095157. [PMID: 36874211 PMCID: PMC9974833 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1095157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Advances in the operational mode of the cerebellum indicate a role in sequencing and predicting non-social and social events, crucial for individuals to optimize high-order functions, such as Theory of Mind (ToM). ToM deficits have been described in patients with remitted bipolar disorders (BD). The literature on BD patients' pathophysiology reports cerebellar alterations; however, sequential abilities have never been investigated and no study has previously focused on prediction abilities, which are needed to properly interpret events and to adapt to changes. Methods To address this gap, we compared the performance of BD patients in the euthymic phase with healthy controls using two tests that require predictive processing: a ToM test that require implicit sequential processing and a test that explicitly assesses sequential abilities in non-ToM functions. Additionally, patterns of cerebellar gray matter (GM) alterations were compared between BD patients and controls using voxel-based morphometry. Results Impaired ToM and sequential skills were detected in BD patients, specifically when tasks required a greater predictive load. Behavioral performances might be consistent with patterns of GM reduction in cerebellar lobules Crus I-II, which are involved in advanced human functions. Discussion These results highlight the importance of deepening the cerebellar role in sequential and prediction abilities in patients with BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libera Siciliano
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Ataxia Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giusy Olivito
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Ataxia Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Lupo
- Servizio di Tutela della Salute Mentale e Riabilitazione dell'Età Evolutiva ASL, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicole Urbini
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Ataxia Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Gragnani
- Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva SPC, Grosseto, Italy.,Associazione Psicologia Cognitiva (APC)/Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva (SPC), Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Saettoni
- Scuola di Psicoterapia Cognitiva SPC, Grosseto, Italy.,Unità Funzionale Salute Mentale Adulti ASL Toscana Nord-Ovest Valle del Serchio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Delle Chiaie
- Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health-Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Leggio
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Ataxia Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Sun J, Xu L, Ma Y, Guo C, Du Z, Gao S, Luo Y, Chen Q, Hong Y, Yu X, Xiao X, Fang J. Different characteristics of striatal resting-state functional conectivity in treatment-resistant and non-treatment-resistant depression. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2023; 328:111567. [PMID: 36462466 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2022.111567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is associated with a reward deficit manifested by abnormal striatal function. However, differences between treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and non TRD (nTRD) in striatal whole-brain functional connectivity (FC) have not been elucidated. Thirty-eight patients with TRD, 42 patients with nTRD, and 39 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited for this study. A seed-based FC approach was used to analyze abnormalities in six predefined striatal subregion circuits in the three groups of subjects, and further explore the correlation between abnormal FC and clinical symptoms. Results revealed that compared with the nTRD group, the TRD group showed increased FC of the inferior ventral striatum with the bilateral orbital area of the middle frontal gyrus, right cerebellum posterior lobe, left parahippocampal gyrus, left middle occipital gyrus and left lingual gyrus. Compared with the HC group, the TRD group showed a wider range of altered striatal function than the nTRD group. In the TRD group, the HAMD-17 scores were positively correlated with the FC between the right VRP and the left caudate. This study provides new insights into understanding the specificity of TRD striatal circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifei Sun
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Linjie Xu
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Chunlei Guo
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Zhongming Du
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Shanshan Gao
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Qingyan Chen
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yang Hong
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xue Yu
- Beijing First Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Beijing First Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Jiliang Fang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
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Effects of apolipoprotein E4 genotype on cerebro-cerebellar connectivity, brain atrophy, and cognition in patients with Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Sci 2022; 442:120435. [PMID: 36201963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2022.120435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While several studies have substantially revealed the influence of the apolipoprotein E4 genotype (APOE4) on the vulnerability of Alzheimer's disease (AD), there are still far fewer studies investigating whether and how APOE4, in the absence of the amyloid-β (Aβ), alters regional brain atrophy, cerebro-cerebellar connectivity and cognitive performance in AD patients. METHODS We employed MRI and neuropsychological data from 234 old adults with AD dementia, including 143 APOE4-positive (with ε2/ε4, ε3/ε4, or ε4/ε4 alleles) and 91 APOE4-negative (with ε2/ε2, ε2/ε3 or ε3/ε3), to investigate the cerebro-cerebellar connectivity in three cerebro-cerebellar brain networks: default mode network, motor network and affective-limbic network. Amyloid PET images were used to evaluate individual Aβ burdens, later used as covariates. Regional volumetric and cortical thickness measures were quantified in both the cerebellum and the cerebrum using the cerebellum segmentation algorithm and Freesurfer5.3, respectively. RESULTS Our corrected functional connectivity (FC) results showed that APOE4 carriers (APOE4+) had lower FC within the cerebro-cerebellar motor network. In addition, significant group differences in regional cortical thickness were observed in the left Crus I, the right VIIB, left superior frontal, and right middle temporal gyri. Group differences in regional brain volumes were observed in the left lobule V and right parstriangularis. Furthermore, multiple linear regression analysis indicated that APOE4+ AD patients show greater episodic memory impairment. CONCLUSION Since amyloid-β, age, education, and gender were included as confounds in the statistical models, our findings suggest that APOE4 independently contributes to brain atrophy, disrupted FC, and associated memory declines in AD patients.
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Feng S, Zheng S, Zou H, Dong L, Zhu H, Liu S, Wang D, Ning Y, Jia H. Altered functional connectivity of cerebellar networks in first-episode schizophrenia. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1024192. [PMID: 36439199 PMCID: PMC9692071 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1024192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Abnormalities of the cerebellum have been displayed to be a manifestation of schizophrenia (SCH) which is a detrimental psychiatric disorder. It has been recognized that the cerebellum contributes to motor function, sensorimotor function, cognition, and other brain functions in association with cerebral functions. Multiple studies have observed that abnormal alterations in cerebro-cerebellar functional connectivity (FC) were shown in patients with SCH. However, the FC of cerebellar networks in SCH remains unclear. Methods In this study, we explored the FC of cerebellar networks of 45 patients with first-episode SCH and 45 healthy control (HC) subjects by using a defined Yeo 17 network parcellation system. Furthermore, we performed a correlation analysis between cerebellar networks' FC and positive and negative symptoms in patients with first-episode SCH. Finally, we established the classification model to provide relatively suitable features for patients with first-episode SCH concerning the cerebellar networks. Results We found lower between-network FCs between 14 distinct cerebellar network pairs in patients with first-episode SCH, compared to the HCs. Significantly, the between-network FC in N2-N15 was positively associated with positive symptom severity; meanwhile, N4-N15 was negatively associated with negative symptom severity. Besides, our results revealed a satisfactory classification accuracy (79%) of these decreased between-network FCs of cerebellar networks for correctly identifying patients with first-episode SCH. Conclusion Conclusively, between-network abnormalities in the cerebellum are closely related to positive and negative symptoms of patients with first-episode SCH. In addition, the classification results suggest that the cerebellar networks can be a potential target for further elucidating the underlying mechanisms in first-episode SCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitong Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sisi Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haoming Zou
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Linrui Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Mental Health Center, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanzhe Ning
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxiao Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Olivito G, Quaranta D, Siciliano L, Caraglia N, Caprara A, Marra C, Leggio M, Silveri MC. The Cerebellum Is a Key Structure in the Neural Network for Mentalizing: An MRI Study in the Behavioral Variant of Frontotemporal Dementia. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112901. [PMID: 36428469 PMCID: PMC9687564 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is primarily characterized by deficits in social behaviour and theory of mind (ToM). Although a consensus has been reached on the roles of the cerebellum in social cognition and ToM, its specific contribution to social impairments of bvFTD has never been specifically investigated. The aim of this study was to assess cerebellar structural and functional changes in patients with bvFTD and their potential association with ToM deficits of patients. Therefore, 15 patients with bvFTD and 34 healthy subjects underwent an MRI examination. Voxel-based morphometry was used to assess cerebellar (GM) changes, and a seed-based analysis was performed to test cerebello-cerebral functional connectivity (FC). The performance of bvFTD patients in a ToM task was then correlated with FC patterns. Compared to healthy subjects, patients with bvFTD showed significant cerebellar GM loss specifically involving cerebellar Crus I-II. Additionally, FC changes FC were observed between the cerebellum and cerebral regions related to ToM. Interestingly, patterns of changes in cerebello-cerebral FC correlated with altered ToM performances explored using the "Reading the Mind with the Eyes" test (RMET) of patients. The present findings suggest that specific changes in cerebello-cerebral FC may underlie ToM alterations in patients with bvFTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Olivito
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Ataxia Research Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Quaranta
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milan, Italy
| | - Libera Siciliano
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Ataxia Research Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Naike Caraglia
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Caprara
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Camillo Marra
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Leggio
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Ataxia Research Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Caterina Silveri
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milan, Italy
- Centre for the Medicine of Aging, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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48
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Preterm birth and weight-for-gestational age for risks of autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability: A nationwide population-based cohort study. J Formos Med Assoc 2022; 122:493-504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Argyropoulos GPD, Lupo M, Olivito G. Editorial: The cerebellar role in psychiatric disorders: Emerging evidence and future perspectives. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:1075679. [PMID: 36386782 PMCID: PMC9664192 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1075679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michela Lupo
- Servizio di Tutela della Salute Mentale e Riabilitazione dell'Età Evolutiva Azienda Sanitaria Locale, Rome, Italy
| | - Giusy Olivito
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Ataxia Laboratory, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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50
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Simmons DH, Busch SE, Titley HK, Grasselli G, Shih J, Du X, Wei C, Gomez CM, Piochon C, Hansel C. Sensory Over-responsivity and Aberrant Plasticity in Cerebellar Cortex in a Mouse Model of Syndromic Autism. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 2:450-459. [PMID: 36324646 PMCID: PMC9616247 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with autism spectrum disorder often show altered responses to sensory stimuli as well as motor deficits, including an impairment of delay eyeblink conditioning, which involves integration of sensory signals in the cerebellum. Here, we identify abnormalities in parallel fiber (PF) and climbing fiber (CF) signaling in the mouse cerebellar cortex that may contribute to these pathologies. Methods We used a mouse model for the human 15q11-13 duplication (patDp/+) and studied responses to sensory stimuli in Purkinje cells from awake mice using two-photon imaging of GCaMP6f signals. Moreover, we examined synaptic transmission and plasticity using in vitro electrophysiological, immunohistochemical, and confocal microscopic techniques. Results We found that spontaneous and sensory-evoked CF-calcium transients are enhanced in patDp/+ Purkinje cells, and aversive movements are more severe across sensory modalities. We observed increased expression of the synaptic organizer NRXN1 at CF synapses and ectopic spread of these synapses to fine dendrites. CF-excitatory postsynaptic currents recorded from Purkinje cells are enlarged in patDp/+ mice, while responses to PF stimulation are reduced. Confocal measurements show reduced PF+CF-evoked spine calcium transients, a key trigger for PF long-term depression, one of several plasticity types required for eyeblink conditioning learning. Long-term depression is impaired in patDp/+ mice but is rescued on pharmacological enhancement of calcium signaling. Conclusions Our findings suggest that this genetic abnormality causes a pathological inflation of CF signaling, possibly resulting from enhanced NRXN1 expression, with consequences for the representation of sensory stimuli by the CF input and for PF synaptic organization and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana H Simmons
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Silas E Busch
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Heather K Titley
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Giorgio Grasselli
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Genoa, Italy.,IRCC Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Justine Shih
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xiaofei Du
- Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Cenfu Wei
- Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Claire Piochon
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Christian Hansel
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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