1
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Panda SS, Sahoo RK, Patra SK, Biswal S, Biswal BK. Molecular insights to therapeutic in cancer: role of exosomes in tumor microenvironment, metastatic progression and drug resistance. Drug Discov Today 2024:104061. [PMID: 38901672 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes play a pivotal part in cancer progression and metastasis by transferring various biomolecules. Recent research highlights their involvement in tumor microenvironment remodeling, mediating metastasis, tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance. The unique cargo carried by exosomes garners the interest of researchers owing to its potential as a stage-specific biomarker for early cancer detection and its role in monitoring personalized treatment. However, unanswered questions hinder a comprehensive understanding of exosomes and their cargo in this context. This review discusses recent advancements and proposes novel ideas for exploring exosomes in cancer progression, aiming to deepen our understanding and improve treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikshya S Panda
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha-769008, India
| | - Rajeev K Sahoo
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha-769008, India
| | - Sambit K Patra
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha-769008, India
| | - Stuti Biswal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha-769008, India
| | - Bijesh K Biswal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha-769008, India.
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2
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Kowalczyk A, Dziubak D, Kasprzak A, Sobczak K, Ruzycka-Ayoush M, Bamburowicz-Klimkowska M, Sęk S, Rios-Mondragon I, Żołek T, Runden-Pran E, Shaposhnikov S, Cimpan MR, Dusinska M, Grudzinski IP, Nowicka AM. Surface-Bioengineered Extracellular Vesicles Seeking Molecular Biotargets in Lung Cancer Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38869318 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Personalized medicine is a new approach to modern oncology. Here, to facilitate the application of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from lung cancer cells as potent advanced therapy medicinal products in lung cancer, the EV membrane was functionalized with a specific ligand for targeting purposes. In this role, the most effective heptapeptide in binding to lung cancer cells (PTHTRWA) was used. The functionalization process of EV surface was performed through the C- or N-terminal end of the heptapeptide. To prove the activity of the EVs functionalized with PTHTRWA, both a model of lipid membrane mimicking normal and cancerous cell membranes as well as human adenocarcinomic alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549) and human normal bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) have been exposed to these bioconstructs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed that the as-bioengineered PTHTRWA-EVs loaded with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPIO) cargos reach the growing tumor when dosed intravenously in NUDE Balb/c mice bearing A549 cancer. Molecular dynamics (MD) in silico studies elucidated a high affinity of the synthesized peptide to the α5β1 integrin. Preclinical safety assays did not evidence any cytotoxic or genotoxic effects of the PTHTRWA-bioengineered EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Kowalczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura Str. 1, Warsaw PL-02-093, Poland
| | - Damian Dziubak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura Str. 1, Warsaw PL-02-093, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101 Street, Warsaw PL-02-089, Poland
| | - Artur Kasprzak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego Str. 3, Warsaw 00-664, Poland
| | - Kamil Sobczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101 Street, Warsaw PL-02-089, Poland
| | - Monika Ruzycka-Ayoush
- Department of Toxicology and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha Str. 1, Warsaw PL-02-097, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bamburowicz-Klimkowska
- Department of Toxicology and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha Str. 1, Warsaw PL-02-097, Poland
| | - Sławomir Sęk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura Str. 1, Warsaw PL-02-093, Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101 Street, Warsaw PL-02-089, Poland
| | - Ivan Rios-Mondragon
- Biomaterials - Department for Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, Bergen 5009, Norway
| | - Teresa Żołek
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha Str. 1, Warsaw PL-02-097, Poland
| | - Elise Runden-Pran
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller 2007, Norway
| | | | - Mihaela Roxana Cimpan
- Biomaterials - Department for Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Årstadveien 19, Bergen 5009, Norway
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry, Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller 2007, Norway
| | - Ireneusz P Grudzinski
- Department of Toxicology and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha Str. 1, Warsaw PL-02-097, Poland
| | - Anna M Nowicka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura Str. 1, Warsaw PL-02-093, Poland
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3
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Amiri M, Kaviari MA, Rostaminasab G, Barimani A, Rezakhani L. A novel cell-free therapy using exosomes in the inner ear regeneration. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102373. [PMID: 38640600 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Cellular and molecular alterations associated with hearing loss are now better understood with advances in molecular biology. These changes indicate the participation of distinct damage and stress pathways that are unlikely to be fully addressed by conventional pharmaceutical treatment. Sensorineural hearing loss is a common and debilitating condition for which comprehensive pharmacologic intervention is not available. The complex and diverse molecular pathology that underlies hearing loss currently limits our ability to intervene with small molecules. The present review focuses on the potential for the use of extracellular vesicles in otology. It examines a variety of inner ear diseases and hearing loss that may be treatable using exosomes (EXOs). The role of EXOs as carriers for the treatment of diseases related to the inner ear as well as EXOs as biomarkers for the recognition of diseases related to the ear is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Amiri
- Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Kaviari
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Gelavizh Rostaminasab
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini and Mohammad Kermanshahi and Farabi Hospitals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amir Barimani
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini and Mohammad Kermanshahi and Farabi Hospitals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Leila Rezakhani
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Yasamineh S, Nikben N, Hamed Ahmed M, Abdul Kareem R, Kadhim Al-Aridhy A, Hosseini Hooshiar M. Increasing the sensitivity and accuracy of detecting exosomes as biomarkers for cancer monitoring using optical nanobiosensors. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:189. [PMID: 38816782 PMCID: PMC11138050 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03379-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The advancement of nanoscience and material design in recent times has facilitated the creation of point-of-care devices for cancer diagnosis and biomolecule sensing. Exosomes (EXOs) facilitate the transfer of bioactive molecules between cancer cells and diverse cells in the local and distant microenvironments, thereby contributing to cancer progression and metastasis. Specifically, EXOs derived from cancer are likely to function as biomarkers for early cancer detection due to the genetic or signaling alterations they transport as payload within the cancer cells of origin. It has been verified that EXOs circulate steadily in bodily secretions and contain a variety of information that indicates the progression of the tumor. However, acquiring molecular information and interactions regarding EXOs has presented significant technical challenges due to their nanoscale nature and high heterogeneity. Colorimetry, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), fluorescence, and Raman scattering are examples of optical techniques utilized to quantify cancer exosomal biomarkers, including lipids, proteins, RNA, and DNA. Many optically active nanoparticles (NPs), predominantly carbon-based, inorganic, organic, and composite-based nanomaterials, have been employed in biosensing technology. The exceptional physical properties exhibited by nanomaterials, including carbon NPs, noble metal NPs, and magnetic NPs, have facilitated significant progress in the development of optical nanobiosensors intended for the detection of EXOs originating from tumors. Following a summary of the biogenesis, biological functions, and biomarker value of known EXOs, this article provides an update on the detection methodologies currently under investigation. In conclusion, we propose some potential enhancements to optical biosensors utilized in detecting EXO, utilizing various NP materials such as silicon NPs, graphene oxide (GO), metal NPs, and quantum dots (QDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Yasamineh
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
| | | | | | | | - Ameer Kadhim Al-Aridhy
- College of Health and Medical Technology, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, 64001, Iraq
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Javdani-Mallak A, Salahshoori I. Environmental pollutants and exosomes: A new paradigm in environmental health and disease. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 925:171774. [PMID: 38508246 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the intricate interplay between environmental pollutants and exosomes, shedding light on a novel paradigm in environmental health and disease. Cellular stress, induced by environmental toxicants or disease, significantly impacts the production and composition of exosomes, crucial mediators of intercellular communication. The heat shock response (HSR) and unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways, activated during cellular stress, profoundly influence exosome generation, cargo sorting, and function, shaping intercellular communication and stress responses. Environmental pollutants, particularly lipophilic ones, directly interact with exosome lipid bilayers, potentially affecting membrane stability, release, and cellular uptake. The study reveals that exposure to environmental contaminants induces significant changes in exosomal proteins, miRNAs, and lipids, impacting cellular function and health. Understanding the impact of environmental pollutants on exosomal cargo holds promise for biomarkers of exposure, enabling non-invasive sample collection and real-time insights into ongoing cellular responses. This research explores the potential of exosomal biomarkers for early detection of health effects, assessing treatment efficacy, and population-wide screening. Overcoming challenges requires advanced isolation techniques, standardized protocols, and machine learning for data analysis. Integration with omics technologies enhances comprehensive molecular analysis, offering a holistic understanding of the complex regulatory network influenced by environmental pollutants. The study underscores the capability of exosomes in circulation as promising biomarkers for assessing environmental exposure and systemic health effects, contributing to advancements in environmental health research and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Javdani-Mallak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iman Salahshoori
- Department of Polymer Processing, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Tehran, Iran; Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Guo X, Hu F, Yong Z, Zhao S, Wan Y, Wang B, Peng N. Magnetic Nanoparticle-Based Microfluidic Platform for Automated Enrichment of High-Purity Extracellular Vesicles. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7212-7219. [PMID: 38660946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are available in various biological fluids and have highly heterogeneous sizes, origins, contents, and functions. Rapid enrichment of high-purity EVs remains crucial for enhancing research on EVs in tumors. In this work, we present a magnetic nanoparticle-based microfluidic platform (ExoCPR) for on-chip isolation, purification, and mild recovery of EVs from cell culture supernatant and plasma within 29 min. The ExoCPR chip integrates bubble-driven micromixers and immiscible filtration assisted by surface tension (IFAST) technology. The bubble-driven micromixer enhances the mixing between immunomagnetic beads and EVs, eliminating the need for manual pipetting or off-chip oscillatory incubation. The high-purity EVs were obtained after passing through the immiscible phase interface where hydrophilic or hydrophobic impurities nonspecifically bound to SIMI were removed. The ExoCPR chip had a capture efficiency of 75.8% and a release efficiency of 62.7% for model EVs. We also demonstrated the powerful performance of the ExoCPR in isolating EVs from biological samples (>90% purity). This chip was further employed in clinical plasma samples and showed that the number of GPC3-positive EVs isolated from hepatocellular carcinoma patients was significantly higher than that of healthy individuals. This ExoCPR chip may provide a promising tool for EV-based liquid biopsy and other fundamental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoniu Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fei Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhang Yong
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuhao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong Wan
- Department of Geriatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bingqing Wang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Biomedical Testing and High-End Equipment, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Niancai Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Biomedical Testing and High-End Equipment, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
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Poinsot V, Pizzinat N, Ong-Meang V. Engineered and Mimicked Extracellular Nanovesicles for Therapeutic Delivery. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:639. [PMID: 38607173 PMCID: PMC11013861 DOI: 10.3390/nano14070639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are spherical extracellular nanovesicles with an endosomal origin and unilamellar lipid-bilayer structure with sizes ranging from 30 to 100 nm. They contain a large range of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acid species, depending on the state and origin of the extracellular vesicle (EV)-secreting cell. EVs' function is to encapsulate part of the EV-producing cell content, to transport it through biological fluids to a targeted recipient, and to deliver their cargos specifically within the aimed recipient cells. Therefore, exosomes are considered to be potential biological drug-delivery systems that can stably deliver their cargo into targeted cells. Various cell-derived exosomes are produced for medical issues, but their use for therapeutic purposes still faces several problems. Some of these difficulties can be avoided by resorting to hemisynthetic approaches. We highlight here the uses of alternative exosome-mimes involving cell-membrane coatings on artificial nanocarriers or the hybridization between exosomes and liposomes. We also detail the drug-loading strategies deployed to make them drug-carrier systems and summarize the ongoing clinical trials involving exosomes or exosome-like structures. Finally, we summarize the open questions before considering exosome-like disposals for confident therapeutic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Poinsot
- Inserm, CNRS, Faculté de Santé, Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier, I2MC U1297, 31432 Toulouse, France; (N.P.); (V.O.-M.)
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Zablon FM, Desai P, Dellinger K, Aravamudhan S. Cellular and Exosomal MicroRNAs: Emerging Clinical Relevance as Targets for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300532. [PMID: 38258348 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer accounts for the highest cancer cases globally, with 12% of occurrences progressing to metastatic breast cancer with a low survival rate and limited effective early intervention strategies augmented by late diagnosis. Moreover, a low concentration of prognostic and predictive markers hinders disease monitoring. Circulating and exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) have recently shown a considerable interplay in breast cancer, standing out as effective diagnostic and prognostic markers. The primary functions are as gene regulatory agents at the genetic and epigenetic levels. An array of dysregulated miRNAs stimulates cancer-promoting mechanisms, activating oncogenes and controlling tumor-suppressing genes and mechanisms. Exosomes are vastly studied extracellular vesicles, carrying, and transporting cargo, including noncoding RNAs with premier roles in oncogenesis. Translocation of miRNAs from the circulation to exosomes, with RNA-binding proteins in stress-induced conditions, has shown significant cooperation in function to promote breast cancer. This review examines cellular and exosomal miRNA biogenesis and loading, the clinical implications of their dysregulation, their function in diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of breast cancer, and in regulating cancer signaling pathways. The influence of cellular and exosomal miRNAs presents clinical significance on breast cancer diagnosis, subtyping, staging, prediction, and disease monitoring during treatment, hence a potent marker for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith Mokobi Zablon
- Department of Nanoengineering, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina, A&T State University, 2907 E. Gate City Blvd, Greensboro, NC, 27401, USA
| | - Parth Desai
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina, 2904 E. Gate City Blvd, Greensboro, NC, 27401, USA
| | - Kristen Dellinger
- Department of Nanoengineering, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina, A&T State University, 2907 E. Gate City Blvd, Greensboro, NC, 27401, USA
| | - Shyam Aravamudhan
- Department of Nanoengineering, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina, A&T State University, 2907 E. Gate City Blvd, Greensboro, NC, 27401, USA
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Ziemiński R, Stupak A, Kwiatek M, Gęca T, Warowicka A, Hejne K, Kwaśniewska A, Goździcka-Józefiak A, Kwaśniewski W. Analysis of the Expression of LSF Transcription Factor in the Regulation of Transcription and TSG101 during the Neoplastic Transformation of Endometrial Cells. Cells 2024; 13:580. [PMID: 38607019 PMCID: PMC11011417 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous research indicates that carcinogenesis involves disrupting the functions of numerous genes, including factors involved in the regulation of transcription and cell proliferation. For these reasons, in endometrial carcinogenesis, we decided to investigate the expression of TSG101 (a suppressor of tumor transformation) and LSF (a transcription factor involved in numerous cellular processes, such as cell cycle regulation, cell growth, development, and apoptosis). LSF may be involved in the regulation of TSG101 expression. The research material consisted of endometrial cancer samples from 60 patients. The control group consisted of normal endometrium samples donated by 60 women undergoing surgery for benign diseases of the female reproductive organs. The samples were subjected to immunohistochemical staining with antibodies specific to TSG101 and LSF. Specific antibodies were used to identify TSG101 and LSF in the examined histopathological preparations. An approximately 14-fold lower risk of endometrial cancer development was observed in patients with TSG expression in more than 75% of the assessed cells (4% vs. 36%; OR = 0.07; p = 0.0182). There was a four-fold lower risk of endometrial cancer development in patients with LSF expression in more than 50% of the assessed cells (32% vs. 64%; OR = 0.26; p = 0.0262). A more than three-fold lower risk of endometrial cancer development was observed in patients with LSF expression in more than 75% of the assessed cells (24% vs. 52%; OR = 0.29; p = 0.0454). Endometrial cancer was diagnosed in those with a lower level of TSG101 expression than in those with a cancer-free endometrium. Decreased expression of TSG101 may be a marker of endometrial cancer, and increased expression of LSF when diagnosed with endometrial cancer may indicate greater advancement of the disease. These markers might be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers-however, there is a lack of a correlation between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Ziemiński
- Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (R.Z.); (M.K.); (T.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Aleksandra Stupak
- Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (R.Z.); (M.K.); (T.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Maciej Kwiatek
- Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (R.Z.); (M.K.); (T.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Tomasz Gęca
- Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (R.Z.); (M.K.); (T.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Alicja Warowicka
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, 61-712 Poznań, Poland; (A.W.)
| | - Karolina Hejne
- Department of Pathomorphology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 11-082 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anna Kwaśniewska
- Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (R.Z.); (M.K.); (T.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Anna Goździcka-Józefiak
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, 61-712 Poznań, Poland; (A.W.)
| | - Wojciech Kwaśniewski
- Department of Gynecology Oncology and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
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Abbasi-Malati Z, Azizi SG, Milani SZ, Serej ZA, Mardi N, Amiri Z, Sanaat Z, Rahbarghazi R. Tumorigenic and tumoricidal properties of exosomes in cancers; a forward look. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:130. [PMID: 38360641 PMCID: PMC10870553 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01510-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, emerging data have highlighted the critical role of extracellular vesicles (EVs), especially (exosomes) Exos, in the progression and development of several cancer types. These nano-sized vesicles are released by different cell lineages within the cancer niche and maintain a suitable platform for the interchange of various signaling molecules in a paracrine manner. Based on several studies, Exos can transfer oncogenic factors to other cells, and alter the activity of immune cells, and tumor microenvironment, leading to the expansion of tumor cells and metastasis to the remote sites. It has been indicated that the cell-to-cell crosstalk is so complicated and a wide array of factors are involved in this process. How and by which mechanisms Exos can regulate the behavior of tumor cells and non-cancer cells is at the center of debate. Here, we scrutinize the molecular mechanisms involved in the oncogenic behavior of Exos released by different cell lineages of tumor parenchyma. Besides, tumoricidal properties of Exos from various stem cell (SC) types are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Abbasi-Malati
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Ghader Azizi
- Clinical Immunology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Soheil Zamen Milani
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Aliyari Serej
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Narges Mardi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Amiri
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Sanaat
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Maqsood Q, Sumrin A, Saleem Y, Wajid A, Mahnoor M. Exosomes in Cancer: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications. Clin Med Insights Oncol 2024; 18:11795549231215966. [PMID: 38249520 PMCID: PMC10799603 DOI: 10.1177/11795549231215966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles called exosomes are produced by cells and contain a range of biomolecules, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Exosomes have been implicated in the development and spread of cancer, and recent studies have shown that their contents may be exploited as biomarkers for early detection and ongoing surveillance of the disease. In this review article, we summarize the current knowledge on exosomes as biomarkers of cancer. We discuss the various methods used for exosome isolation and characterization, as well as the different types of biomolecules found within exosomes that are relevant for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. We also highlight recent studies that have demonstrated the utility of exosomal biomarkers in different types of cancer, such as lung cancer, breast cancer, and pancreatic cancer. Overall, exosomes show great promise as noninvasive biomarkers for cancer detection and monitoring. Exosomes have the ability to transform cancer diagnostic and therapeutic paradigms, providing promise for more efficient and individualized. This review seeks to serve as an inspiration for new ideas and research in the never-ending fight against cancer. Moreover, further studies are needed to validate their clinical utility and establish standardized protocols for their isolation and analysis. With continued research and development, exosomal biomarkers have the potential to revolutionize cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quratulain Maqsood
- Department of Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aleena Sumrin
- Department of Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yasar Saleem
- Department of Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories Complex Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wajid
- Department of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Muhammada Mahnoor
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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12
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Wang W, Wu X, Zheng J, Yin R, Li Y, Wu X, Xu L, Jin Z. Utilizing exosomes as sparking clinical biomarkers and therapeutic response in acute myeloid leukemia. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1315453. [PMID: 38292478 PMCID: PMC10824954 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1315453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant clonal tumor originating from immature myeloid hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow with rapid progression and poor prognosis. Therefore, an in-depth exploration of the pathogenesis of AML can provide new ideas for the treatment of AML. In recent years, it has been found that exosomes play an important role in the pathogenesis of AML. Exosomes are membrane-bound extracellular vesicles (EVs) that transfer signaling molecules and have attracted a large amount of attention, which are key mediators of intercellular communication. Extracellular vesicles not only affect AML cells and normal hematopoietic cells but also have an impact on the bone marrow microenvironment and immune escape, thereby promoting the progression of AML and leading to refractory relapse. It is worth noting that exosomes and the various molecules they contain are expected to become the new markers for disease monitoring and prognosis of AML, and may also function as drug carriers and vaccines to enhance the treatment of leukemia. In this review, we mainly summarize to reveal the role of exosomes in AML pathogenesis, which helps us elucidate the application of exosomes in AML diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandi Wang
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofang Wu
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiamian Zheng
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ran Yin
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangqiu Li
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuli Wu
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyi Jin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis and Infection Prevention and Control, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Zhang Y, Zhao J, Han L, Zhang Z, Wang C, Long W, Meng K, Wang X. Research progress of extracellular vesicles in the treatment of ovarian diseases (Review). Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:15. [PMID: 38125352 PMCID: PMC10728905 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The ovary is an essential reproductive organ in the female organism and its development seriously affects the physical and mental health of female patients. Ovarian diseases include ovarian cancer, premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Women should pay attention to the most effective treatments for this condition because it is one of the most prevalent gynecological illnesses at present. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are smaller vesicles that mediate the exchange of cellular information, include the three categories of exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies. They are able to transport proteins, RNA and other substances to adjacent or distal cells, thus allowing cellular and tissue homeostasis to be maintained. Numerous previous studies have revealed that EVs are crucial for the treatment of ovarian diseases. They are known to transport its contents to ovarian cancer cells as well as other ovarian cells such as granulosa cells, affecting the development of ovarian disease processes. Therefore, this extracellular vesicle may be involved as a target in the therapeutic process of ovarian disease and may have great potential in the treatment of ovarian disease. In the present review, the role of EVs in the development of three ovarian diseases, including ovarian cancer, POI and PCOS, was mainly summarizes. It is expected that this will provide some theoretical support for the treatment of ovarian disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
- College of Second Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
- College of Second Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
| | - Linqi Han
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
- College of Second Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
- College of Second Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
| | - Caiqin Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
- College of Second Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
| | - Wei Long
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
- College of Second Clinical Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
| | - Kai Meng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Birth Defect Research and Transformation of Shandong Province, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
- Lin He's Academician Workstation of New Medicine and Clinical Translation, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, P.R. China
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14
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Zhou M, He X, Mei C, Ou C. Exosome derived from tumor-associated macrophages: biogenesis, functions, and therapeutic implications in human cancers. Biomark Res 2023; 11:100. [PMID: 37981718 PMCID: PMC10658727 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00538-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), one of the most abundant immune cell types in the tumor microenvironment (TME), account for approximately 50% of the local hematopoietic cells. TAMs play an important role in tumorigenesis and tumor development through crosstalk between various immune cells and cytokines in the TME. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 50-150 nm, that can transfer biological information (e.g., proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids) from secretory cells to recipient cells through the circulatory system, thereby influencing the progression of various human diseases, including cancer. Recent studies have suggested that TAMs-derived exosomes play crucial roles in malignant cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, immune responses, drug resistance, and tumor metabolic reprogramming. TAMs-derived exosomes have the potential to be targeted for tumor therapy. In addition, the abnormal expression of non-coding RNAs and proteins in TAMs-derived exosomes is closely related to the clinicopathological features of patients with cancer, and these exosomes are expected to become new liquid biopsy markers for the early diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of tumors. In this review, we explored the role of TAMs-derived exosomes in tumorigenesis to provide new diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manli Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Departments of Ultrasound Imaging, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Cheng Mei
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Xiangya Hospital, Clinical Transfusion Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Chunlin Ou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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15
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Boonkaew B, Satthawiwat N, Pinjaroen N, Chuaypen N, Tangkijvanich P. Circulating Extracellular Vesicle-Derived microRNAs as Novel Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers for Non-Viral-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16043. [PMID: 38003232 PMCID: PMC10671272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicle-derived microRNAs (EV-miRNAs) are promising circulating biomarkers for chronic liver disease. In this study, we explored the potential significance of plasma EV-miRNAs in non-hepatitis B-, non-hepatitis C-related HCC (NBNC-HCC). We compared, using the NanoString method, plasma EV-miRNA profiles between NBNC-HCC and control groups including patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and healthy controls. The differentially expressed EV-miRNAs were validated in another set of plasma samples by qRT-PCR. A total of 66 significantly differentially expressed EV-miRNAs between the HCC and the control groups were identified in the discovery set. In the validation cohort, including plasma samples of 70 NBNC-HCC patients, 70 NAFLD patients, and 35 healthy controls, 5 plasma EV-miRNAs were significantly elevated in HCC, which included miR-19-3p, miR-16-5p, miR-223-3p, miR-30d-5p, and miR-451a. These miRNAs were found to participate in several cancer-related signaling pathways based on bioinformatic analysis. Among them, EV-miR-19-3p exhibited the best diagnostic performance and displayed a high sensitivity for detecting alpha-fetoprotein-negative HCC and early-stage HCC. In multivariate analysis, a high EV-miR-19-3p level was demonstrated as an independently unfavorable predictor of overall survival in patients with NBNC-HCC. In conclusion, our data have indicated, for the first time, that EV-miR-19-3p could serve as a novel circulating biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of NBNC-HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bootsakorn Boonkaew
- Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (B.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Nantawat Satthawiwat
- Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (B.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Nutcha Pinjaroen
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Natthaya Chuaypen
- Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (B.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Pisit Tangkijvanich
- Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (B.B.); (N.S.)
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16
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Fayyazpour P, Fayyazpour A, Abbasi K, Vaez-Gharamaleki Y, Zangbar MSS, Raeisi M, Mehdizadeh A. The role of exosomes in cancer biology by shedding light on their lipid contents. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 250:154813. [PMID: 37769395 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular bilayer membrane nanovesicles released by cells after the fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) with the plasma membrane. One of the interesting features of exosomes is their ability to carry and transfer various molecules, including lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and therapeutic cargoes among cells. As intercellular signaling organelles, exosomes participate in various signaling processes such as tumor growth, metastasis, angiogenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and cell physiology such as cell-to-cell communication. Moreover, these particles are considered good vehicles to shuttle vaccines and drugs for therapeutic applications regarding cancers and tumor cells. These bioactive vesicles are also rich in various lipid molecules such as cholesterol, sphingomyelin (SM), glycosphingolipids, and phosphatidylserine (PS). These lipids play an important role in the formation, release, and function of the exosomes and interestingly, some lipids are used as biomarkers in cancer diagnosis. This review aimed to focus on exosomes lipid content and their role in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Fayyazpour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Fayyazpour
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Abbasi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yosra Vaez-Gharamaleki
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mortaza Raeisi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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17
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Xiao S, Yao Y, Liao S, Xu B, Li X, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Chen Q, Tang H, Song Q, Dong M. Accurate and Convenient Lung Cancer Diagnosis through Detection of Extracellular Vesicle Membrane Proteins via Förster Resonance Energy Transfer. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:8115-8125. [PMID: 37643406 PMCID: PMC10510723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising to monitor early stage cancer. Unfortunately, isolating and analyzing EVs from a patient's liquid biopsy are challenging. For this, we devised an EV membrane proteins detection system (EV-MPDS) based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) signals between aptamer quantum dots and AIEgen dye, which eliminated the EV extraction and purification to conveniently diagnose lung cancer. In a cohort of 80 clinical samples, this system showed enhanced accuracy (100% versus 65%) and sensitivity (100% versus 55%) in cancer diagnosis as compared to the ELISA detection method. Improved accuracy of early screening (from 96.4% to 100%) was achieved by comprehensively profiling five biomarkers using a machine learning analysis system. FRET-based tumor EV-MPDS is thus an isolation-free, low-volume (1 μL), and highly accurate approach, providing the potential to aid lung cancer diagnosis and early screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Xiao
- State
Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital
of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou
Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
- Guangzhou
Laboratory, No. 9 XingDaoHuanBei Road, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou 510005, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Yao
- Cancer
Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Shuilin Liao
- Guangzhou
Laboratory, No. 9 XingDaoHuanBei Road, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou 510005, Guangdong, China
- Faculty
of Innovation Engineering, Macau University
of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Cancer
Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Xue Li
- Guangzhou
Laboratory, No. 9 XingDaoHuanBei Road, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou 510005, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuxiao Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital
of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou
Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Guangzhou
Laboratory, No. 9 XingDaoHuanBei Road, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou 510005, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- MOE
Frontier Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Haoneng Tang
- State
Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital
of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou
Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Qibin Song
- Cancer
Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Ming Dong
- State
Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital
of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou
Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
- Guangzhou
Laboratory, No. 9 XingDaoHuanBei Road, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou 510005, Guangdong, China
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18
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Yap JYY, Goh LSH, Lim AJW, Chong SS, Lim LJ, Lee CG. Machine Learning Identifies a Signature of Nine Exosomal RNAs That Predicts Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3749. [PMID: 37509410 PMCID: PMC10377993 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Although alpha fetoprotein (AFP) remains a commonly used serological marker of HCC, the sensitivity and specificity of AFP in detecting HCC is often limited. Exosomal RNA has emerged as a promising diagnostic tool for various cancers, but its use in HCC detection has yet to be fully explored. Here, we employed Machine Learning on 114,602 exosomal RNAs to identify a signature that can predict HCC. The exosomal expression data of 118 HCC patients and 112 healthy individuals were stratified split into Training, Validation and Unseen Test datasets. Feature selection was then performed on the initial training dataset using permutation importance, and the predictive performance of the selected features were tested on the validation dataset using Support Vector Machine (SVM) Classifier. A minimum of nine features were identified to be predictive of HCC and these nine features were then evaluated across six different models in an unseen test set. These features, mainly in the immune, platelet/neutrophil and cytoskeletal pathways, exhibited good predictive performance with ROC-AUC from 0.79-0.88 in the unseen test set. Hence, these nine exosomal RNAs have potential to be clinically useful minimally invasive biomarkers for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Yu Yan Yap
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Laura Shih Hui Goh
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Ashley Jun Wei Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Samuel S Chong
- Department of Paediatrics and Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Lee Jin Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
| | - Caroline G Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Division of Cellular & Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 168583, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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19
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Anoop TM, Basu PK, Chandramohan K, Thomas A, Manoj S. Evolving utility of exosomes in pancreatic cancer management. World J Methodol 2023; 13:46-58. [PMID: 37456979 PMCID: PMC10348087 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v13.i3.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the development of newer oncological treatment, the survival of patients with pancreatic cancer (PC) remains poor. Recent studies have identified exosomes as essential mediators of intercellular communications and play a vital role in tumor initiation, metastasis and chemoresistance. Thus, the utility of liquid biopsies using exosomes in PC management can be used for early detection, diagnosis, monitoring as well as drug delivery vehicles for cancer therapy. This review summarizes the function, and clinical applications of exosomes in cancers as minimally invasive liquid biomarker in diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thattungal Manoharan Anoop
- Department of Medical Oncology, Regional Cancer Center, Medical College Campus, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Palash Kumar Basu
- Department of Avionics, Indian Institute of Space Science & Technology (IIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695547, Kerala, India
| | - K Chandramohan
- Surgical Oncology, Regional Cancer Center, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Ajai Thomas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Regional Cancer Center, Medical College Campus, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India
| | - S Manoj
- Department of Medical Oncology, Regional Cancer Center, Medical College Campus, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India
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20
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Wang Z, Chen G, Wang S, Su X. Three-dimensional deep regression-based light scattering imaging system for nanoscale exosome analysis. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:2055-2067. [PMID: 37206116 PMCID: PMC10191644 DOI: 10.1364/boe.483791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that serve as promising intrinsic nanoscale biomarkers for disease diagnosis and treatment. Nanoparticle analysis technology is widely used in the field of exosome study. However, the common particle analysis methods are usually complex, subjective, and not robust. Here, we develop a three-dimensional (3D) deep regression-based light scattering imaging system for nanoscale particle analysis. Our system solves the problem of object focusing in common methods and acquires light scattering images of label-free nanoparticles as small as 41 nm in diameter. We develop a new method for nanoparticle sizing with 3D deep regression, where the 3D time series Brownian motion data of single nanoparticles are input as a whole, and sizes are output automatically for both entangled and untangled nanoparticles. Exosomes from the normal and cancer liver cell lineage cells are observed and automatically differentiated by our system. The 3D deep regression-based light scattering imaging system is expected to be widely used in the field of nanoparticle analysis and nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250101, China
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Gao Chen
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250101, China
| | - Shuanglian Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xuantao Su
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250101, China
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21
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Makler A, Asghar W. Exosomal miRNA Biomarker Panel for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Detection in Patient Plasma: A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065081. [PMID: 36982154 PMCID: PMC10049393 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is rapidly becoming one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in the United States, and with its high mortality rate, there is a pressing need to develop sensitive and robust methods for detection. Exosomal biomarker panels provide a promising avenue for PDAC screening since exosomes are highly stable and easily harvested from body fluids. PDAC-associated miRNAs packaged within these exosomes could be used as diagnostic markers. We analyzed a series of 18 candidate miRNAs via RT-qPCR to identify the differentially expressed miRNAs (p < 0.05, t-test) between plasma exosomes harvested from PDAC patients and control patients. From this analysis, we propose a four-marker panel consisting of miR-93-5p, miR-339-3p, miR-425-5p, and miR-425-3p with an area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) of 0.885 with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 94.7%, which is comparable to the CA19-9 standard PDAC marker diagnostic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Makler
- Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, College of Engineering and Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Waseem Asghar
- Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, College of Engineering and Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Correspondence:
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22
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Guo X, Hu F, Zhao S, Yong Z, Zhang Z, Peng N. Immunomagnetic Separation Method Integrated with the Strep-Tag II System for Rapid Enrichment and Mild Release of Exosomes. Anal Chem 2023; 95:3569-3576. [PMID: 36661256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are important participants in numerous pathophysiological processes and hold promising application value in cancer diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis. However, the small size (40-160 nm) and high heterogeneity of exosomes make it still challenging to enrich exosomes efficiently from the complex biological fluid microenvironment, which has largely restricted their downstream analysis and clinical application. In this work, we introduced a novel method for rapid isolation and mild release of exosomes from the cell culture supernatant. A Strep-tag II-based immunomagnetic isolation (SIMI) system was constructed by modifying the capture antibodies onto magnetic nanoparticles through specific and reversible recognition between Strep-Tactin and Strep-tag II. Due to their high affinity and binding selectivity, exosomes could be isolated within 38 min with an isolation efficiency of 82.5% and a release efficiency of 62%. Compared with the gold-standard ultracentrifugation, the SIMI system could harvest nearly 59% more exosomes from the 293 T cell culture medium with shorter isolation time and higher purity. In addition, cellular uptake assay indicated that exosomes released from magnetic nanoparticles could maintain their high biological activity. These superior characteristics show that this novel method is a fast, efficient, and nondestructive exosome isolation tool and thus could potentially be further utilized in various exosome-related applications, e.g., disease diagnosis and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoniu Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fei Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China.,Xi'an Key Laboratory of Biomedical Testing and High-End Equipment, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuhao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhang Yong
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zengming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Niancai Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China.,Xi'an Key Laboratory of Biomedical Testing and High-End Equipment, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
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23
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Zhao W, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Sun Y, Zheng B, Wang J, Gu Y, Qi J, Li J, Wang XJ, Chen J, Yang F. Exosomal LINC00355 promotes the malignant progression of gastric cancer through histone deacetylase HDAC3-mediated TP53INP1 transcriptional inhibition. Life Sci 2023; 315:121387. [PMID: 36640904 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Exosomes are a subpopulation of extracellular vesicles (EV) derived from multivesicular body (MVB) that transmit various cellular molecular constituents, including long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), to promote intercellular communication. Our aim was to investigate the function and mechanism of exosomal LINC00355 in gastric cancer cells. MAIN METHODS Exosomal levels of LINC00355 in GC patients and healthy controls were measured by RT-qPCR. The effects of exosomal LINC00355 on GC cell viability, proliferation, migration and invasion were evaluated by CCK8, colony formation, Transwell and wound healing assays. The expression levels of Ki67 in xenograft tumor tissues were confirmed by immunohistochemistry assay, and apoptosis was analyzed by TUNEL apoptosis assay. Western blotting was used to monitor protein expression. RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA pulldown were performed to detect the interaction between LINC00355 and HDAC3. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was used to assess the interaction of HDAC3 with the TP53INP1 promoter. KEY FINDINGS Exosomal LINC00355 levels were higher in plasma from gastric cancer patients than in plasma from healthy volunteers. Exosomal LINC00355 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cell lines. RNA sequence analysis demonstrated that LINC00355 knockdown downregulated histone deacetylase HDAC3 and upregulated TP53INP1. Mechanistic investigation indicated that exosomal LINC00355 interacted with HDAC3 to suppress TP53INP1 transcription, which promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). SIGNIFICANCE Exosomal LINC00355 plays a pivotal role in regulating EMT to induce the malignant progression of GC. Exosomal LINC00355 could be a promising biomarker in the early diagnosis and prognosis of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yunan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yiming Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, Anhui, PR China
| | - Beiyao Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Junbin Wang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yazhou Gu
- Nanjing Heron Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Junxia Qi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Juxue Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xue Jun Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Jinfei Chen
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Fen Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, PR China.
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24
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Breast Cancer Exosomal microRNAs Facilitate Pre-Metastatic Niche Formation in the Bone: A Mathematical Model. Bull Math Biol 2023; 85:12. [PMID: 36607440 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-022-01117-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pre-metastatic niche is a location where cancer cells, separating from a primary tumor, find "fertile soil" for growth and proliferation, ensuring successful metastasis. Exosomal miRNAs of breast cancer are known to enter the bone and degrade it, which facilitates cancer cells invasion into the bone interior and ensures its successful colonization. In this paper, we use a mathematical model to first describe, in health, the continuous remodeling of the bone by bone-forming osteoblasts, bone-resorbing osteoclasts and the RANKL-OPG-RANK signaling system, which keeps the balance between bone formation and bone resorption. We next demonstrate how breast cancer exosomal miRNAs disrupt this balance, either by increasing or by decreasing the ratio of osteoclasts/osteoblasts, which results in abnormal high bone resorption or abnormal high bone forming, respectively, and in bone weakening in both cases. Finally we consider the case of abnormally high resorption and evaluate the effect of drugs, which may increase bone density to normal level, thus protecting the bone from invasion by cancer cells.
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25
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Visan KS, Wu LY, Voss S, Wuethrich A, Möller A. Status quo of Extracellular Vesicle isolation and detection methods for clinical utility. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 88:157-171. [PMID: 36581020 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized particles that hold tremendous potential in the clinical space, as their biomolecular profiles hold a key to non-invasive liquid biopsy for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. EVs are present in most bodily fluids, hence are easily obtainable from patients, advantageous to that of traditional, invasive tissue biopsies and imaging techniques. However, there are certain constraints that hinder clinical use of EVs. The translation of EV biomarkers from "bench-to-bedside" is encumbered by the methods of EV isolation and subsequent biomarker detection currently implemented in laboratories. Although current isolation and detection methods are effective, they lack practicality, with their requirement for high bodily fluid volumes, low equipment availability, slow turnaround times and high costs. The high demand for techniques that overcome these limitations has resulted in significant advancements in nanotechnological devices. These devices are designed to integrate EV isolation and biomarker detection into a one-step method of direct EV detection from bodily fluids. This provides promise for the acceleration of EVs into current clinical standards. This review highlights the importance of EVs as cancer biomarkers, the methodological obstacles currently faced in clinical studies and how novel nanodevices could advance clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kekoolani S Visan
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Li-Ying Wu
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - Sarah Voss
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - Alain Wuethrich
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Andreas Möller
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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26
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Yin S, Chen A, Ding Y, Song J, Chen R, Zhang P, Yang C. Recent advances in exosomal RNAs analysis towards diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Srivastava A, Rathore S, Munshi A, Ramesh R. Organically derived exosomes as carriers of anticancer drugs and imaging agents for cancer treatment. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:80-100. [PMID: 35192929 PMCID: PMC9388703 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), is the umbrella term used for different types of vesicles produced by the cells, among which exosomes form the largest group. Exosomes perform intercellular communication by carrying several biologics from donor or parental cells and delivering them to recipient cells. Their unique cargo-carrying capacity has recently been explored for use as delivery vehicles of anticancer drugs and imaging agents. Being naturally produced, exosomes have many advantages over synthetic lipid-based nanoparticles currently being used clinically to treat cancer and other diseases. The finding of the role of exosomes in human diseases has led to numerous preclinical and clinical studies exploring their use as an amenable drug delivery vehicle and a theranostic in cancer diagnosis and treatment. However, there are certain limitations associated with exosomes, with the most important being the selection of the biological source for producing highly biocompatible exosomes on a large scale. This review article explores the various sources from which therapeutically viable exosomes can be isolated for use as drug carriers for cancer treatment. The methods of exosome isolation and the process of loading them with cancer therapeutics and imaging agents are also discussed in the follow-up sections. Finally, the article concludes with future directions for exosome-based applications in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Shipra Rathore
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Anupama Munshi
- Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rajagopal Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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28
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Zheng B, Song X, Wang L, Zhang Y, Tang Y, Wang S, Li L, Wu Y, Song X, Xie L. Plasma exosomal tRNA-derived fragments as diagnostic biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1037523. [PMID: 36387119 PMCID: PMC9659620 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1037523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND tRNA derived small RNAs (tRFs) have recently received extensive attention; however, the effects of tRFs in exosome as biomarkers has been less studied. The objective of this study was to validate novel diagnostic exosomal tRFs with sensitivity and specificity for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Exosomes extracted from plasma of NSCLC patients and healthy individuals were identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), qNano and western blots. The differentially expressed tRFs were screened by high-throughput sequencing in plasma exosomes of NSCLC patients and healthy individuals, and further verified by Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR). To assess the diagnostic efficacy of exosomal tRFs for NSCLC, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used next. RESULTS The expression levels of exosomal tRF-Leu-TAA-005, tRF-Asn-GTT-010, tRF-Ala-AGC-036, tRF-Lys-CTT-049, and tRF-Trp-CCA-057 were significantly decreased in NSCLC patients and early-stage NSCLC patients compared to healthy individuals. Notably, the exepression of tRF-Leu-TAA-005, tRF-Asn-GTT-010, tRF-Ala-AGC-036, tRF-Lys-CTT-049, and tRF-Trp-CCA-057 in the exosomes were higher than the exosome depleted supernatant (EDS). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that the levels of exosomal tRF-Leu-TAA-005, tRF-Asn-GTT-010, tRF-Ala-AGC-036, tRF-Lys-CTT-049, and tRF-Trp-CCA-057 were significantly downregulated in NSCLC patients. This suggests that these five exosomal tRFs may be promising diagnostic biomarkers for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baibing Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xingguo Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Youyong Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shiwen Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yawen Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xianrang Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
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29
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Makler A, Narayanan R, Asghar W. An Exosomal miRNA Biomarker for the Detection of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:831. [PMID: 36290970 PMCID: PMC9599289 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a difficult tumor to diagnose and treat. To date, PDAC lacks routine screening with no markers available for early detection. Exosomes are 40-150 nm-sized extracellular vesicles that contain DNA, RNA, and proteins. These exosomes are released by all cell types into circulation and thus can be harvested from patient body fluids, thereby facilitating a non-invasive method for PDAC detection. A bioinformatics analysis was conducted utilizing publicly available miRNA pancreatic cancer expression and genome databases. Through this analysis, we identified 18 miRNA with strong potential for PDAC detection. From this analysis, 10 (MIR31, MIR93, MIR133A1, MIR210, MIR330, MIR339, MIR425, MIR429, MIR1208, and MIR3620) were chosen due to high copy number variation as well as their potential to differentiate patients with chronic pancreatitis, neoplasms, and PDAC. These 10 were examined for their mature miRNA expression patterns, giving rise to 18 mature miRs for further analysis. Exosomal RNA from cell culture media was analyzed via RTqPCR and seven mature miRs exhibited statistical significance (miR-31-5p, miR-31-3p, miR-210-3p, miR-339-5p, miR-425-5p, miR-425-3p, and miR-429). These identified biomarkers can potentially be used for early detection of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Makler
- Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Ramaswamy Narayanan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Waseem Asghar
- Micro and Nanotechnology in Medicine, College of Engineering and Computer Science, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Department of Computer & Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
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30
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Yang Y, Huang H, Li Y. Roles of exosomes and exosome-derived miRNAs in pulmonary fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:928933. [PMID: 36034858 PMCID: PMC9403513 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.928933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic, progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology that leads rapidly to death. It is characterized by the replacement of healthy tissue through an altered extracellular matrix and damage to the alveolar structure. New pharmacological treatments and biomarkers are needed for pulmonary fibrosis to ensure better outcomes and earlier diagnosis of patients. Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles released by nearly all cell types that play a central role as mediators of cell-to-cell communication. Moreover, exosomes are emerging as a crucial factor in antigen presentation, immune response, immunomodulation, inflammation, and cellular phenotypic transformation and have also shown promising therapeutic potential in pulmonary fibrosis. This review summarizes current knowledge of exosomes that may promote pulmonary fibrosis and be utilized for diagnostics and prognostics. In addition, the utilization of exosomes and their cargo miRNAs as novel therapeutics and their potential mechanisms are also discussed. This review aims to elucidate the role of exosomes in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and paves the way for developing novel therapeutics for pulmonary fibrosis. Further in-depth research and clinical trials on this topic are encouraged in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Yang
- Precision Medicine Key Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Precision Medicine Key Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Transplantation Engineering and Immunology, Institute of Clinical Pathology, Ministry of Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Precision Medicine Key Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Li,
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31
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Zhu S, Xing C, Li R, Cheng Z, Deng M, Luo Y, Li H, Zhang G, Sheng Y, Peng H, Wang Z. Proteomic profiling of plasma exosomes from patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11975. [PMID: 35831551 PMCID: PMC9279438 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16282-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to comprehensively investigate the proteomic profile and underlying biological function of exosomal proteins associated with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Exosomes were isolated from plasma samples collected from five patients with B-ALL and five healthy individuals, and their protein content was quantitatively analyzed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 342 differentially expressed proteins were identified in patients with B-ALL. The DEPs were mainly associated with protein metabolic processes and protein activity regulation and were significantly enriched in the Notch and autophagy pathways. Furthermore, we found that ADAM17 and ATG3 were upregulated in patients with B-ALL and enriched in the Notch and autophagy pathways, respectively. Further western blot analysis of exosomes collected from additional 18 patients with B-ALL and 10 healthy controls confirmed that both ADAM17 and ATG3 were overexpressed in exosomes derived from patients with B-ALL (p < 0.001). The areas under the curves of ADAM17 and ATG3 were 0.989 and 0.956, respectively, demonstrating their diagnostic potential. In conclusion, ADAM17 and ATG3 in plasma-derived exosomes may contribute to the progression of B-ALL by regulating the Notch and autophagy pathways. Hence, these proteins may represent valuable diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicong Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cheng Xing
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ruijuan Li
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhao Cheng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mingyang Deng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yunya Luo
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guangsen Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yue Sheng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongling Peng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,Institute of Molecular Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Mousavi SM, Amin Mahdian SM, Ebrahimi MS, Taghizadieh M, Vosough M, Sadri Nahand J, Hosseindoost S, Vousooghi N, Javar HA, Larijani B, Hadjighassem MR, Rahimian N, Hamblin MR, Mirzaei H. Microfluidics for detection of exosomes and microRNAs in cancer: State of the art. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 28:758-791. [PMID: 35664698 PMCID: PMC9130092 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles with sizes ranging from 30-150 nanometers that contain proteins, lipids, mRNAs, microRNAs, and double-stranded DNA derived from the cells of origin. Exosomes can be taken up by target cells, acting as a means of cell-to-cell communication. The discovery of these vesicles in body fluids and their participation in cell communication has led to major breakthroughs in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of several conditions (e.g., cancer). However, conventional isolation and evaluation of exosomes and their microRNA content suffers from high cost, lengthy processes, difficult standardization, low purity, and poor yield. The emergence of microfluidics devices with increased efficiency in sieving, trapping, and immunological separation of small volumes could provide improved detection and monitoring of exosomes involved in cancer. Microfluidics techniques hold promise for advances in development of diagnostic and prognostic devices. This review covers ongoing research on microfluidics devices for detection of microRNAs and exosomes as biomarkers and their translation to point-of-care and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mojtaba Mousavi
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Amin Mahdian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saeid Ebrahimi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghizadieh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Center for Women’s Health Research Zahra, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
| | - Javid Sadri Nahand
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saereh Hosseindoost
- Pain Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Vousooghi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Akbari Javar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Hadjighassem
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Brain and Spinal Cord Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Rahimian
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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33
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Yakubovich EI, Polischouk AG, Evtushenko VI. Principles and Problems of Exosome Isolation from Biological Fluids. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW), SUPPLEMENT SERIES A: MEMBRANE AND CELL BIOLOGY 2022; 16:115-126. [PMID: 35730027 PMCID: PMC9202659 DOI: 10.1134/s1990747822030096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes, the subclass of small membrane extracellular vesicles, have great diagnostic and therapeutic potential, but the lack of standardized methods for their efficient isolation and analysis limits the introduction of exosomal technologies into clinical practice. This review discusses the problems associated with the isolation of exosomes from biological fluids, as well as the principles of traditional and alternative methods of isolation. The aim of the presented review is to illustrate the variety of approaches based on the physical and biochemical properties of exosomes that can be used for exosome isolation. The advantages and disadvantages of different methods are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. I. Yakubovich
- Granov Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A. G. Polischouk
- Granov Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V. I. Evtushenko
- Granov Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Lai JJ, Chau ZL, Chen S, Hill JJ, Korpany KV, Liang N, Lin L, Lin Y, Liu JK, Liu Y, Lunde R, Shen W. Exosome Processing and Characterization Approaches for Research and Technology Development. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103222. [PMID: 35332686 PMCID: PMC9130923 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that share components of their parent cells and are attractive in biotechnology and biomedical research as potential disease biomarkers as well as therapeutic agents. Crucial to realizing this potential is the ability to manufacture high-quality exosomes; however, unlike biologics such as proteins, exosomes lack standardized Good Manufacturing Practices for their processing and characterization. Furthermore, there is a lack of well-characterized reference exosome materials to aid in selection of methods for exosome isolation, purification, and analysis. This review informs exosome research and technology development by comparing exosome processing and characterization methods and recommending exosome workflows. This review also provides a detailed introduction to exosomes, including their physical and chemical properties, roles in normal biological processes and in disease progression, and summarizes some of the on-going clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. Lai
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA
| | - Zoe L. Chau
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA
| | - Sheng‐You Chen
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA
| | - John J. Hill
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA
| | | | - Nai‐Wen Liang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu30013Taiwan
| | - Li‐Han Lin
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei City10617Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Hsuan Lin
- Department of Engineering and System ScienceNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu30013Taiwan
| | - Joanne K. Liu
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA
| | - Yu‐Chung Liu
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu30013Taiwan
| | - Ruby Lunde
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA
| | - Wei‐Ting Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental SciencesNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu30013Taiwan
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Hosseini K, Ranjbar M, Pirpour Tazehkand A, Asgharian P, Montazersaheb S, Tarhriz V, Ghasemnejad T. Evaluation of exosomal non-coding RNAs in cancer using high-throughput sequencing. J Transl Med 2022; 20:30. [PMID: 35033106 PMCID: PMC8760667 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03231-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical oncologists need more reliable and non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers to follow-up cancer patients. However, the existing biomarkers are often invasive and costly, emphasizing the need for the development of biomarkers to provide convenient and precise detection. Extracellular vesicles especially exosomes have recently been the focus of translational research to develop non-invasive and reliable biomarkers for several diseases such as cancers, suggesting as a valuable source of tumor markers. Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles secreted by various living cells that can be found in all body fluids including serum, urine, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, and ascites. Different molecular and genetic contents of their origin such as nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and glycans in a stable form make exosomes a promising approach for various cancers' diagnoses, prediction, and follow-up in a minimally invasive manner. Since exosomes are used by cancer cells for intercellular communication, they play a critical role in the disease process, highlighting the importance of their use as clinically relevant biomarkers. However, regardless of the advantages that exosome-based diagnostics have, they suffer from problems regarding their isolation, detection, and characterization of their contents. This study reviews the history and biogenesis of exosomes and discusses non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and their potential as tumor markers in different types of cancer, with a focus on next generation sequencing (NGS) as a detection method. Moreover, the advantages and challenges associated with exosome-based diagnostics are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Hosseini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Ranjbar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbas Pirpour Tazehkand
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parina Asgharian
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soheila Montazersaheb
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahideh Tarhriz
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Tohid Ghasemnejad
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Gupta S, Mazumder P. Exosomes as diagnostic tools. Adv Clin Chem 2022; 110:117-144. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Liu C, Wang M, Lv H, Liu B, Ya X, Zhao W, Wang W. CEACAM6 promotes cholangiocarcinoma migration and invasion by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition through inhibition of the SRC/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2021; 23:39. [PMID: 34966455 PMCID: PMC8669646 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunoglobulin superfamily member carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) is overexpressed in a wide variety of human cancer types, and is associated with tumor invasion and migration. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of CEACAM6 in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) invasion and migration in vitro. The results showed that CEACAM6 was highly expressed in CCA tissues, and that the expression level of CEACAM6 was negatively associated with the degree of differentiation of CCA. Silencing CEACAM6 inhibited cell viability, invasion and migration but promoted cell apoptosis in a human CCA cell line (RBE). In addition, CEACAM6 knockdown decreased the expression of an antiapoptotic protein (Bcl-2), an interstitial cell marker (N-cadherin), extracellular matrix proteins (MMP-2 and MMP-9), a transcription factor helix protein (Twist-related protein 1), an intermediate tumor cell scaffold marker (vimentin), a protein involved in tumor nutrient vascular formation (VEGFA) and a tumorigenesis factor (intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1), but increased the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax, and cleaved caspases-3, -8 and -9) and an epithelial cell marker protein (E-cadherin). Furthermore, CEACAM6-small interfering RNA reduced the expression of the SRC/PI3K/AKT signaling transduction pathway. Taken together, these results suggested that CEACAM6 may be an epithelial-mesenchymal transition biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in human CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Xueqiang Ya
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Weihong Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
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KRAUS P, SAMANTA A, LUFKIN S, LUFKIN T. Stem cells in intervertebral disc regeneration-more talk than action? BIOCELL 2021; 46:893-898. [PMID: 34966192 PMCID: PMC8713956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pain and lifestyle changes are common consequences of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) and affect a large part of the aging population. The stemness of cells is exploited in the field of regenerative medicine as key to treat degenerative diseases. Transplanted cells however often face delivery and survival challenges, especially in tissues with a naturally harsh microniche environment such as the intervertebral disc. Recent interest in the secretome of stem cells, especially cargo protected from microniche-related decay as frequently present in degenerating tissues, provides new means of rejuvenating ailing cells and tissues. Exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicles with purposeful cargo gained particular interest in conveying stem cell related attributes of rejuvenation, which will be discussed here in the context of IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra KRAUS
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA, Address correspondence to: Petra Kraus,
| | - Ankita SAMANTA
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
| | - Sina LUFKIN
- The Clarkson School, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
| | - Thomas LUFKIN
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA
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Emerging role of exosomes as biomarkers in cancer treatment and diagnosis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 169:103565. [PMID: 34871719 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and cancer incidence and mortality are rapidly growing. These massive amounts of cancer patients require rapid diagnosis and efficient treatment strategies. However, the currently utilized methods are invasive and cost-effective. Recently, the effective roles of exosomes as promising diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers have been revealed. Exosomes are membrane-bound extracellular vesicles containing RNAs, DNAs, and proteins, and are present in a wide array of body fluids. Exosomal cargos have shown the potential to detect various types of cancers at early stages with high sensitivity and specificity. They can also delivery therapeutic agents efficiently. In this article, an overview of recent advances in the research of exosomal biomarkers and their applications in cancer diagnosis and treatment has been provided. Furthermore, the advantages and challenges of exosomes as liquid biopsy targets are discussed and the clinical implications of using exosomal miRNAs have been revealed.
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Gonda A, Zhao N, Shah JV, Siebert JN, Gunda S, Inan B, Kwon M, Libutti SK, Moghe PV, Francis NL, Ganapathy V. Extracellular Vesicle Molecular Signatures Characterize Metastatic Dynamicity in Ovarian Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:718408. [PMID: 34868914 PMCID: PMC8637407 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.718408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late-stage diagnosis of ovarian cancer, a disease that originates in the ovaries and spreads to the peritoneal cavity, lowers 5-year survival rate from 90% to 30%. Early screening tools that can: i) detect with high specificity and sensitivity before conventional tools such as transvaginal ultrasound and CA-125, ii) use non-invasive sampling methods and iii) longitudinally significantly increase survival rates in ovarian cancer are needed. Studies that employ blood-based screening tools using circulating tumor-cells, -DNA, and most recently tumor-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have shown promise in non-invasive detection of cancer before standard of care. Our findings in this study show the promise of a sEV-derived signature as a non-invasive longitudinal screening tool in ovarian cancer. METHODS Human serum samples as well as plasma and ascites from a mouse model of ovarian cancer were collected at various disease stages. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) were extracted using a commercially available kit. RNA was isolated from lysed sEVs, and quantitative RT-PCR was performed to identify specific metastatic gene expression. CONCLUSION This paper highlights the potential of sEVs in monitoring ovarian cancer progression and metastatic development. We identified a 7-gene panel in sEVs derived from plasma, serum, and ascites that overlapped with an established metastatic ovarian carcinoma signature. We found the 7-gene panel to be differentially expressed with tumor development and metastatic spread in a mouse model of ovarian cancer. The most notable finding was a significant change in the ascites-derived sEV gene signature that overlapped with that of the plasma-derived sEV signature at varying stages of disease progression. While there were quantifiable changes in genes from the 7-gene panel in serum-derived sEVs from ovarian cancer patients, we were unable to establish a definitive signature due to low sample number. Taken together our findings show that differential expression of metastatic genes derived from circulating sEVs present a minimally invasive screening tool for ovarian cancer detection and longitudinal monitoring of molecular changes associated with progression and metastatic spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Gonda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Nanxia Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Jay V. Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Jake N. Siebert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Srujanesh Gunda
- School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Berk Inan
- School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Mijung Kwon
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Steven K. Libutti
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Prabhas V. Moghe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Nicola L. Francis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Vidya Ganapathy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
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Ura B, Biffi S, Monasta L, Arrigoni G, Battisti I, Di Lorenzo G, Romano F, Aloisio M, Celsi F, Addobbati R, Valle F, Rampazzo E, Brucale M, Ridolfi A, Licastro D, Ricci G. Two Dimensional-Difference in Gel Electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) Proteomic Approach for the Identification of Biomarkers in Endometrial Cancer Serum. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143639. [PMID: 34298850 PMCID: PMC8305989 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy arising from the endometrium. Identification of serum biomarkers could be beneficial for its early diagnosis. We have used 2D-Difference In Gel Electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) coupled with Mass Spectrometry (MS) procedures to investigate the serum proteome of 15 patients with endometrial cancer and 15 non-cancer subjects. We have identified 16 proteins with diagnostic potential, considering only spots with a fold change in %V ≥ 1.5 or ≤0.6 in intensity, which were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Western blotting data analysis confirmed the upregulation of CLU, ITIH4, SERPINC1, and C1RL in endometrial and exosome cancer sera compared to those of control subjects. The application of the logistic regression constructed based on the abundance of these four proteins separated the controls from the cancers with excellent levels of sensitivity and specificity. After a validation phase, our findings support the potential of using the proposed algorithm as a diagnostic tool in the clinical stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blendi Ura
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (S.B.); (L.M.); (G.D.L.); (F.R.); (M.A.); (F.C.); (R.A.); (G.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefania Biffi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (S.B.); (L.M.); (G.D.L.); (F.R.); (M.A.); (F.C.); (R.A.); (G.R.)
| | - Lorenzo Monasta
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (S.B.); (L.M.); (G.D.L.); (F.R.); (M.A.); (F.C.); (R.A.); (G.R.)
| | - Giorgio Arrigoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (G.A.); (I.B.)
- Proteomics Center, University of Padova and Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Battisti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (G.A.); (I.B.)
- Proteomics Center, University of Padova and Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Lorenzo
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (S.B.); (L.M.); (G.D.L.); (F.R.); (M.A.); (F.C.); (R.A.); (G.R.)
| | - Federico Romano
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (S.B.); (L.M.); (G.D.L.); (F.R.); (M.A.); (F.C.); (R.A.); (G.R.)
| | - Michelangelo Aloisio
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (S.B.); (L.M.); (G.D.L.); (F.R.); (M.A.); (F.C.); (R.A.); (G.R.)
| | - Fulvio Celsi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (S.B.); (L.M.); (G.D.L.); (F.R.); (M.A.); (F.C.); (R.A.); (G.R.)
| | - Riccardo Addobbati
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (S.B.); (L.M.); (G.D.L.); (F.R.); (M.A.); (F.C.); (R.A.); (G.R.)
| | - Francesco Valle
- Consorzio Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Department of Chemistry, University of Firenze, 50019 Firenze, Italy; (F.V.); (M.B.); (A.R.)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (CNRISMN), 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Rampazzo
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Marco Brucale
- Consorzio Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Department of Chemistry, University of Firenze, 50019 Firenze, Italy; (F.V.); (M.B.); (A.R.)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (CNRISMN), 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Ridolfi
- Consorzio Sistemi a Grande Interfase, Department of Chemistry, University of Firenze, 50019 Firenze, Italy; (F.V.); (M.B.); (A.R.)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (CNRISMN), 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Firenze, 50019 Firenze, Italy
| | - Danilo Licastro
- ARGO Laboratorio Genomica ed Epigenomica, AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Ricci
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (S.B.); (L.M.); (G.D.L.); (F.R.); (M.A.); (F.C.); (R.A.); (G.R.)
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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Vinduska V, Gallops CE, O’Connor R, Wang Y, Huang X. Exosomal Surface Protein Detection with Quantum Dots and Immunomagnetic Capture for Cancer Detection. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1853. [PMID: 34361239 PMCID: PMC8308325 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes carry molecular contents reflective of parental cells and thereby hold great potential as a source of biomarkers for non-invasive cancer detection and monitoring. However, simple and rapid exosomal molecular detection remains challenging. Here, we report a facile method for exosome surface protein detection using quantum dot coupled with immunomagnetic capture and enrichment. In this method, exosomes were captured by magnetic beads based on CD81 protein expression. Surface protein markers of interest were recognized by primary antibody and then detected by secondary antibody-conjugated quantum dot with fluorescent spectroscopy. Validated by ELISA, our method can specifically detect different surface markers on exosomes from different cancer cell lines and differentiate cancer exosomes from normal exosomes. The clinical potential was demonstrated with pilot plasma samples using HER2-positive breast cancer as the disease model. The results show that exosomes from HER2-positive breast cancer patients exhibited a five times higher level of HER2 expression than healthy controls. Exosomal HER2 showed strong diagnostic power for HER2-positive patients, with the area under the curve of 0.969. This quantum dot-based exosome method is rapid (less than 5 h) and only requires microliters of diluted plasma without pre-purification, practical for routine use for basic vesicle research, and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaohua Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA; (V.V.); (C.E.G.); (R.O.); (Y.W.)
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Li S, Yi M, Dong B, Tan X, Luo S, Wu K. The role of exosomes in liquid biopsy for cancer diagnosis and prognosis prediction. Int J Cancer 2021; 148:2640-2651. [PMID: 33180334 PMCID: PMC8049049 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy is a revolutionary strategy in cancer diagnosis and prognosis prediction, which is used to analyze cancer cells or cancer-derived products through biofluids such as blood, urine and so on. Exosomes play a crucial role in mediating cell communication. A growing number of studies have reported that exosomes are involved in tumorigenesis, tumor growth, metastasis and drug resistance by delivering cargos including nucleic acids and protein. Thus, exosomes, as a new type of liquid biopsy, have the potential to be diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers. Herein, we elaborate on the current methods and introduce novel techniques for exosome isolation and characterization. Moreover, we elucidate the advantages of exosomes compared to other biological components in liquid biopsy and summarize the different exosomal biomarkers in cancer diagnosis and prognosis prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Li
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Bing Dong
- Department of Medical OncologyThe Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer HospitalZhengzhouChina
| | - Ximin Tan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Suxia Luo
- Department of Medical OncologyThe Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer HospitalZhengzhouChina
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Department of Medical OncologyThe Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Henan Cancer HospitalZhengzhouChina
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Hani U, Osmani RAM, Siddiqua A, Wahab S, Batool S, Ather H, Sheraba N, Alqahtani A. A systematic study of novel drug delivery mechanisms and treatment strategies for pancreatic cancer. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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45
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Guerrini L, Garcia-Rico E, O’Loghlen A, Giannini V, Alvarez-Puebla RA. Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Spectroscopy for Sensing and Characterization of Exosomes in Cancer Diagnosis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092179. [PMID: 33946619 PMCID: PMC8125149 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The distinct molecular and biological properties of exosomes, together with their abundance and stability, make them an ideal target in liquid biopsies for early diagnosis and disease monitoring. On the other hand, in recent years, nanomaterial-based optical biosensors have been extensively investigated as novel, rapid and sensitive tools for exosome detection and discrimination. The scope of this review is to summarize and coherently discussed the diverse applications, challenges and limitations of nanosensors based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) as the optosensing technique. Abstract Exosomes are emerging as one of the most intriguing cancer biomarkers in modern oncology for early cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment monitoring. Concurrently, several nanoplasmonic methods have been applied and developed to tackle the challenging task of enabling the rapid, sensitive, affordable analysis of exosomes. In this review, we specifically focus our attention on the application of plasmonic devices exploiting surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) as the optosensing technique for the structural interrogation and characterization of the heterogeneous nature of exosomes. We summarized the current state-of-art of this field while illustrating the main strategic approaches and discuss their advantages and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Guerrini
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carrer de Marcel·li Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (R.A.A.-P.)
| | - Eduardo Garcia-Rico
- Fundación de Investigación HM Hospitales, San Bernardo 101, 28015 Madrid, Spain;
- School of Medicine, San Pablo CEU, Calle Julian Romea, 18, 28003 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana O’Loghlen
- Epigenetics & Cellular Senescence Group, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK;
| | - Vincenzo Giannini
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
- Technology Innovation Institute, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi 9639, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ramon A. Alvarez-Puebla
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carrer de Marcel·li Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (R.A.A.-P.)
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Jiang K, Jokhun DS, Lim CT. Microfluidic detection of human diseases: From liquid biopsy to COVID-19 diagnosis. J Biomech 2021; 117:110235. [PMID: 33486262 PMCID: PMC7832952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices can be thought of as comprising interconnected miniaturized compartments performing multiple experimental tasks individually or in parallel in an integrated fashion. Due to its small size, portability, and low cost, attempts have been made to incorporate detection assays into microfluidic platforms for diseases such as cancer and infection. Some of these technologies have served as point-of-care and sample-to-answer devices. The methods for detecting biomarkers in different diseases usually share similar principles and can conveniently be adapted to cope with arising health challenges. The COVID-19 pandemic is one such challenge that is testing the performance of both our conventional and newly-developed disease diagnostic technologies. In this mini-review, we will first look at the progress made in the past few years in applying microfluidics for liquid biopsy and infectious disease detection. Following that, we will use the current pandemic as an example to discuss how such technological advancements can help in the current health challenge and better prepare us for future ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Jiang
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Kim H, Shin S. ExoCAS-2: Rapid and Pure Isolation of Exosomes by Anionic Exchange Using Magnetic Beads. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9010028. [PMID: 33401715 PMCID: PMC7824726 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are considered essential biomarkers in liquid biopsies. Despite intensive efforts aimed at employing EVs in a clinical setting, workable approaches are currently limited owing to the fact that EV-isolation technologies are still in a nascent stage. This study introduces a magnetic bead-based ion exchange platform for isolating EVs called ExoCAS-2 (exosome clustering and scattering). Owing to their negative charge, exosomes can easily adhere to magnetic beads coated with a polycationic polymer. Owing to the features of magnetic beads, exosomes can be easily processed via washing and elution steps and isolated with high purity and yield within 40 min. The present results confirmed the isolation of exosomes through analyses of size distribution, morphology, surface and internal protein markers, and exosomal RNA. Compared with the commercially available methods, the proposed method showed superior performance in terms of key aspects, including operation time, purity, and recovery rate. This highlights the potential of this magnetic bead-based ion exchange platform for isolating exosomes present in blood plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsung Kim
- School of Mechanical engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Sehyun Shin
- School of Mechanical engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
- Engineering Research Center for Biofluid Biopsy, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-10-4506-2825
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Abstract
Emerging evidences have implicated extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanoparticles secreted by cells, in regulating cancer progression. Several seminal studies on EVs have added an additional layer to the previously unanswered questions in understanding the complexity of diseases such as cancer. It has been observed that EV content is highly heterogenous and it likely reflects the dynamic state of the parent cell. Hence, these nano-sized vesicles have been proposed as reservoirs of cancer biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. Due to their presence in almost all biological fluids, ability to display membrane, and sometimes cytosolic, cargo of its host cell and increase in their number during disease states has supported the potential utility of EVs as an alternative to current methods of cancer diagnosis. The following chapter will discuss the use of cancer cell-derived EVs as a resource of tumor specific biomarkers for the early diagnosis of disease. In addition, EVs could also be used in personalised medicine as a resource of predictive biomarkers to understand a patient's response to therapy. Overall, EVs could be exploited as a source of cancer biomarkers and could aid in treatment and stratification options to improve patient survival and quality of life.
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Mosaad E, Peiris HN, Holland O, Morean Garcia I, Mitchell MD. The Role(s) of Eicosanoids and Exosomes in Human Parturition. Front Physiol 2020; 11:594313. [PMID: 33424622 PMCID: PMC7786405 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.594313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles that eicosanoids play during pregnancy and parturition are crucial to a successful outcome. A better understanding of the regulation of eicosanoid production and the roles played by the various end products during pregnancy and parturition has led to our view that accurate measurements of a panel of those end products has exciting potential as diagnostics and prognostics of preterm labor and delivery. Exosomes and their contents represent an exciting new area for research of movement of key biological factors circulating between tissues and organs akin to a parallel endocrine system but involving key intracellular mediators. Eicosanoids and enzymes regulating their biosynthesis and metabolism as well as regulatory microRNAs have been identified within exosomes. In this review, the regulation of eicosanoid production, abundance and actions during pregnancy will be explored. Additionally, the functional significance of placental exosomes will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Mosaad
- School of Biomedical Science, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation – Centre for Children’s Health Research, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hassendrini N. Peiris
- School of Biomedical Science, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation – Centre for Children’s Health Research, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Olivia Holland
- School of Biomedical Science, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation – Centre for Children’s Health Research, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Isabella Morean Garcia
- School of Biomedical Science, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation – Centre for Children’s Health Research, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Murray D. Mitchell
- School of Biomedical Science, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation – Centre for Children’s Health Research, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Farran B, Nagaraju GP. Exosomes as therapeutic solutions for pancreatic cancer. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:2245-2256. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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