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Shang J, Li H, Liu X, Sun S, Huan S, Xiong B. Single-particle rotational sensing for analyzing the neutralization activity of antiviral antibodies. Talanta 2024; 279:126606. [PMID: 39089080 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Due to the pathogen-specific targeting, neutralization capabilities, and enduring efficacy, neutralizing antibodies (NAs) have received widespread attentions as a critical immunotherapeutic strategy against infectious viruses. However, because of the high variability and complexity of pathogens, rapid determination of neutralization activity of antiviral antibodies remains a challenge. Here, we report a new method, named as out-of-plane polarization imaging based single-particle rotational sensing, for rapid analysis of neutralization activity of antiviral antibody against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Using the spike protein functionalized gold nanorods (AuNRs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as the rotational sensors and chaperone probes, we demonstrated the single-particle rotational sensing strategy for the measurement of rotational diffusion coefficient of the chaperone-bound rotational sensors caused by the specific spike protein-ACE2 interactions. This enables us to measure the neutralizing activity of neutralizing antibody from the analysis of dose-dependent changes in rotational diffusion coefficient (Dr) of the rotational sensors upon the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 antibody. With this technique, we achieved the quantitative determination of neutralization activity of a commercially available SARS-CoV-2 antibody (IC50, 294.1 ng/mL) with satisfying accuracy and anti-interference ability. This simple and robust method holds the potential for rapid and accurate evaluation of neutralization activity against different pathogenic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Shang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Huiwen Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xixuan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Shijie Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Shuangyan Huan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Bin Xiong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
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Mahmud MA, Xu LH, Usatinsky A, Dos Santos CC, Little DJ, Tsai SSH, Rackus DG. Semiquantitative Paper-Based Microfluidic Surrogate Virus Neutralization Test for SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies. Anal Chem 2024; 96:11751-11759. [PMID: 38980117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) produced from infection or vaccination play an important role in acquired immunity. Determining virus-specific nAb titers is a useful tool for measuring aquired immunity in an individual. The standard methods to do so rely on titrating serum samples against live virus and monitoring viral infection in cultured cells which requires high biosafety level containment. The surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) reduces the biohazards and it is suitable for designing rapid test device in a lateral flow assay (LFA) format. Here, we introduce the fabrication and development of a unique paper-based LFA device for determining the level of SARS-CoV-2 nAb in a sample with a semiquantitative direct colorimetric readout. A LFA-based gradient assay design was used to facilitate the sVNT, where the spike glycoprotein receptor binding domain (RBD) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) stand in as proxies for viruses and cells, respectively. The gradient assay employed multiple test dots of ACE2 spotted in increasing concentration along the sample flow path and gold nanoparticle-conjugated RBD for readout. In this way, the number of developed spots is inversely proportional to the concentration of nAbs present in the sample. The assay was tested with both standard solutions of nAb as well as human serum samples. We have demonstrated that the device can effectively provide semiquantitative test results of nAbs by direct instrument-free colorimetric detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Almostasim Mahmud
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), a partnership between St. Michael's Hospital, a site of Unity Health Toronto and Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial, and Mechatronics Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Liangcheng Henry Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Anat Usatinsky
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Claudia C Dos Santos
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H2, Canada
| | - Dustin J Little
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Scott S H Tsai
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), a partnership between St. Michael's Hospital, a site of Unity Health Toronto and Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial, and Mechatronics Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Darius G Rackus
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), a partnership between St. Michael's Hospital, a site of Unity Health Toronto and Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science at St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
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3
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Gozlan J, Baron A, Boyd A, Salmona M, Fofana D, Minier M, Gabassi A, Morand-Joubert L, Delaugerre C, Maylin S. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Responses in Various Populations: Use of a Rapid Surrogate Lateral Flow Assay and Correlations with Anti-RBD Antibody Levels. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:791. [PMID: 39063546 PMCID: PMC11277712 DOI: 10.3390/life14070791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After the global COVID-19 crisis, understanding post-infectious immunity and vaccine efficacy remains crucial. This study aims to assess anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity through a quantitative analysis of anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibodies and rapid functional testing of the neutralizing humoral response. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on samples from various cohorts, including partially vaccinated, fully vaccinated, post-COVID/no-vaccination, and post-COVID/vaccination individuals with various immune-competency statuses. The anti-RBD antibodies were measured using an automated chemiluminescence assay, while the neutralizing antibodies' (NAbs') activity was assessed through the lateral flow ichroma COVID-19 nAb test (LFT), a surrogate neutralization assay. RESULTS The analysis revealed various levels of anti-RBD antibodies and seroneutralization responses across cohorts, with the post-COVID/vaccination group demonstrating the most robust protection. A correlation between anti-RBD antibodies and seroneutralization was observed, albeit with varying strength depending on the subgroup analyzed. Longitudinal assessment following natural infection showed an initial surge followed by a decline in both measures. A cutoff of 3.0 log10 BAU/mL was established to predict significant seroneutralization. CONCLUSIONS The ichroma™ COVID-19 nAb test displayed high specificity and emerged as a valuable tool for monitoring anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity. These findings contribute to understand the antibody response dynamics and underscore the potential of rapid tests in predicting protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël Gozlan
- AP-HP, Saint Antoine Hospital, Laboratory of Virology, 75012 Paris, France; (J.G.); (D.F.); (L.M.-J.)
- Reseach’s Department of Saint-Antoine, “Cancer Biology and Therapeutics”, University of Sorbonne, INSERM, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Audrey Baron
- AP-HP, Saint Louis Hospital, Laboratory of Virology, 75010 Paris, France; (A.B.); (M.S.); (M.M.); (A.G.); (C.D.)
| | - Anders Boyd
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam, 1018 WT Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Maud Salmona
- AP-HP, Saint Louis Hospital, Laboratory of Virology, 75010 Paris, France; (A.B.); (M.S.); (M.M.); (A.G.); (C.D.)
- INSERM U976, University of Paris, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Djeneba Fofana
- AP-HP, Saint Antoine Hospital, Laboratory of Virology, 75012 Paris, France; (J.G.); (D.F.); (L.M.-J.)
| | - Marine Minier
- AP-HP, Saint Louis Hospital, Laboratory of Virology, 75010 Paris, France; (A.B.); (M.S.); (M.M.); (A.G.); (C.D.)
| | - Audrey Gabassi
- AP-HP, Saint Louis Hospital, Laboratory of Virology, 75010 Paris, France; (A.B.); (M.S.); (M.M.); (A.G.); (C.D.)
| | - Laurence Morand-Joubert
- AP-HP, Saint Antoine Hospital, Laboratory of Virology, 75012 Paris, France; (J.G.); (D.F.); (L.M.-J.)
- INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis of Epidémiology and Public Health, University of Sorbonne, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Constance Delaugerre
- AP-HP, Saint Louis Hospital, Laboratory of Virology, 75010 Paris, France; (A.B.); (M.S.); (M.M.); (A.G.); (C.D.)
- INSERM U944, Biology of Emerging Viruses, University of Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Sarah Maylin
- AP-HP, Saint Louis Hospital, Laboratory of Virology, 75010 Paris, France; (A.B.); (M.S.); (M.M.); (A.G.); (C.D.)
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4
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Liang R, Fan A, Wang F, Niu Y. Optical lateral flow assays in early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. ANAL SCI 2024:10.1007/s44211-024-00596-6. [PMID: 38758251 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-024-00596-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
So far, the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is spreading widely worldwide. The early diagnosis of infection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is essential to provide timely treatment and prevent its further spread. Lateral flow assays (LFAs) have the advantages of rapid detection, simple operation, low cost, ease of mass production, and no need for special devices and professional operators, which make them suitable for self-testing at home. This review focuses on the early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection based on optical LFAs including colorimetric, fluorescent (FL), chemiluminescent (CL), and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) LFAs for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigens and nucleic acids. The types of recognition components, detection modes used for antigen detection, labels employed in different optical LFAs, and strategies to improve the detection sensitivity of LFAs were reviewed. Meanwhile, LFAs coupled with different nucleic acid amplification techniques and CRISPR-Cas systems for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids were summarized. We hope this review provides research mentalities for developing highly sensitive LFAs that can be used in home self-testing for the early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushi Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiping Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feiqian Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajing Niu
- Beijing Pharma and Biotech Center, Beijing, 100035, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Rottmayer K, Schwarze M, Jassoy C, Hoffmann R, Loeffler-Wirth H, Lehmann C. Potential of a Bead-Based Multiplex Assay for SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Detection. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:273. [PMID: 38666885 PMCID: PMC11047883 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Serological assays for SARS-CoV-2 play a pivotal role in the definition of whether patients are infected, the understanding of viral epidemiology, the screening of convalescent sera for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes, and in obtaining a better understanding of the immune response towards the virus. The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of a bead-based multiplex assay. This assay allowed for the simultaneous testing of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike, S1, S2, RBD, and nucleocapsid moieties and S1 of seasonal coronaviruses hCoV-22E, hCoV-HKU1, hCoV-NL63, and hCoV-OC43, as well as MERS and SARS-CoV. We compared the bead-based multiplex assay with commercial ELISA tests. We tested the sera of 27 SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive individuals who were previously tested with different ELISA assays. Additionally, we investigated the reproducibility of the results by means of multiple testing of the same sera. Finally, the results were correlated with neutralising assays. In summary, the concordance of the qualitative results ranged between 78% and 96% depending on the ELISA assay and the specific antigen. Repeated freezing-thawing cycles resulted in reduced mean fluorescence intensity, while the storage period had no influence in this respect. In our test cohort, we detected up to 36% of sera positive for the development of neutralising antibodies, which is in concordance with the bead-based multiplex and IgG ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Rottmayer
- Laboratory for Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital Leipzig, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 32, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mandy Schwarze
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.S.)
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Jassoy
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, Leipzig University Hospital and Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Ralf Hoffmann
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.S.)
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universität Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Henry Loeffler-Wirth
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, IZBI, Leipzig University, Haertelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Claudia Lehmann
- Laboratory for Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital Leipzig, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 32, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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6
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Jung J, Sung JS, Bong JH, Kim TH, Kwon S, Bae HE, Kang MJ, Jose J, Lee M, Shin HJ, Pyun JC. One-step immunoassay of SARS-CoV-2 using screened Fv-antibodies and switching peptides. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 245:115834. [PMID: 37995624 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The Fv-antibodies were correponded to VH region of immunoglobulin G, which were composed of three complementarity determining regions (CDRs) for the specific binding of antigens. In this work, the Fv-antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (SP) were screened from an autodisplayed Fv-antibody library which was expressed on E. coli outer membrane, and the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SP was used as a screening probe. The screened target clones were analyzed to have quantitative binding properties to the RBD, and the Fv-antibodies from the screened target clones were expressed as soluble proteins. The binding affinity (KD) of expressed Fv-antibodies to the RBD was estimated to be 70-85 nM using SPR biosensor. The specific binding properties of Fv-antibodies were analyzed for pseudo-virus particles with SARS-CoV-2 SP on the Lenti-virus envelope, such as wild type (Wuhan-1) and variants (Delta, Omicron BA.2, Omicron BA.4/5) using a SPR biosensor. The detection of real SARS-CoV-2 (Wild type, Wuhan-1) based on a SPR biosensor was also presented using the Fv-antibodies with the binding constant (KD) of cycle threshold value (Ct) = 33.8-32.9 (2.19-4.08 copies/μL) and LOD of 0.67-0.83 copies/μL (Ct = 35.5-35.2). Finally, one-step immunoassay based on switching peptide was demonstrated for the detection of the real SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan-1) without any washing step. The binding constant (KD) was estimated to be Ct = 35.2-33.9 (0.83-2.04 copies/μL), and LOD was estimated to be 0.14-0.47 copies/μL (Ct = 37.8-36.0). Considering the LOD of the conventional RT-PCR (Ct = 35), the LOD of the one-step immunoassay based on the switching peptide was determined to be feasible for the medical diagnosis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyong Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jeong Soo Sung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hong Bong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Tae-Hun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Soonil Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Hyung Eun Bae
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kang
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02456, South Korea
| | - Joachim Jose
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry, Westphalian Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Misu Lee
- Institute for New Drug Development, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, South Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Pyun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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7
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Liang Z, Lu X, Jiao X, He Y, Meng B, Xie J, Qu Z, Zhu M, Gong X, Zhao Y, Peng T, Fang X, Dai X. Traceable value of immunoglobulin G against receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 confirmation and application to point-of-care testing system development. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:417. [PMID: 37768390 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
A highly purified and bioactive immunoglobulin G monoclonal antibody against receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 (RBD-IgG-MAb) has been accurately quantified by amino acid determination using isotope dilution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Absolute quantification of RBD-IgG-MAb was achieved by averaging 4 amino acid certified reference materials, which allows the quantitative value (66.1 ± 5.8 μg/L) to be traced to SI unit (mol). Afterwards, the RBD-IgG-MAb was employed as control and calibration compound for the development of a point-of-care testing (POCT) system based on colloidal gold lateral flow immunoassay, which aimed to rapidly and accurately detect the level of protective RBD-IgG after vaccination. Under the detection parameters, a sigmoidal curve has been plotted between signal intensity and the logarithmic concentration for quantitative detection with the limit of detection of about 0.39 μg/mL. The relative standard deviations of intra-assay and inter-assay were lower than 2.3% and 14%, and the recoveries ranged from 87 to 100%, respectively. Fingertip blood samples from 37 volunteers after vaccination were analyzed by the POCT system; results showed that levels of RBD-IgG in 33 out of 37 samples ranged from 0.45 to 2.46 μg/mL with the average level of 0.91 μg/mL. The developed POCT system has been successfully established with the quantity-traceability RBD-IgG-MAb as control and calibration compound, and the scientific contribution of this work can be promoted to other areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanwei Liang
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Lu
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueshima Jiao
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi He
- Novoprotein Scientific Incorporation, Suzhou, 215200, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Meng
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xie
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyu Qu
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Manman Zhu
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Gong
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Peng
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiang Fang
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinhua Dai
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Rocha VPC, Quadros HC, Fernandes AMS, Gonçalves LP, Badaró RJDS, Soares MBP, Machado BAS. An Overview of the Conventional and Novel Methods Employed for SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody Measurement. Viruses 2023; 15:1504. [PMID: 37515190 PMCID: PMC10383723 DOI: 10.3390/v15071504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is the etiological agent of the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) and is responsible for the pandemic that started in 2020. The virus enters the host cell through the interaction of its spike glycoprotein with the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) on the host cell's surface. Antibodies present an important role during the infection and pathogenesis due to many reasons, including the neutralization of viruses by binding to different spike epitopes. Therefore, measuring the neutralizing antibody titers in the whole population is important for COVID-19's epidemiology. Different methods are described in the literature, and some have been used to validate the main vaccines used worldwide. In this review, we discuss the main methods used to quantify neutralizing antibody titers, their advantages and limitations, as well as new approaches to determineACE2/spike blockage by antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Pinto Costa Rocha
- Institute of Health Technology, National Industrial Learning Service-Integrated Manufacturing and Technology Campus, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Gonçalo Moniz Institute-Fiocruz, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Helenita Costa Quadros
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Gonçalo Moniz Institute-Fiocruz, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Antônio Márcio Santana Fernandes
- Institute of Health Technology, National Industrial Learning Service-Integrated Manufacturing and Technology Campus, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Luana Pereira Gonçalves
- Institute of Health Technology, National Industrial Learning Service-Integrated Manufacturing and Technology Campus, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Roberto José da Silva Badaró
- Institute of Health Technology, National Industrial Learning Service-Integrated Manufacturing and Technology Campus, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- Institute of Health Technology, National Industrial Learning Service-Integrated Manufacturing and Technology Campus, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Gonçalo Moniz Institute-Fiocruz, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado
- Institute of Health Technology, National Industrial Learning Service-Integrated Manufacturing and Technology Campus, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, Brazil
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9
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Spicuzza L, Campagna D, Di Maria C, Sciacca E, Mancuso S, Vancheri C, Sambataro G. An update on lateral flow immunoassay for the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. AIMS Microbiol 2023; 9:375-401. [PMID: 37091823 PMCID: PMC10113162 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2023020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last three years, after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, an unprecedented number of novel diagnostic tests have been developed. Assays to evaluate the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 have been widely considered as part of the control strategy. The lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), to detect both IgM and IgG against SARS-CoV-2, has been widely studied as a point-of-care (POC) test. Compared to laboratory tests, LFIAs are faster, cheaper and user-friendly, thus available also in areas with low economic resources. Soon after the onset of the pandemic, numerous kits for rapid antibody detection were put on the market with an emergency use authorization. However, since then, scientists have tried to better define the accuracy of these tests and their usefulness in different contexts. In fact, while during the first phase of the pandemic LFIAs for antibody detection were auxiliary to molecular tests for the diagnosis of COVID-19, successively these tests became a tool of seroprevalence surveillance to address infection control policies. When in 2021 a massive vaccination campaign was implemented worldwide, the interest in LFIA reemerged due to the need to establish the extent and the longevity of immunization in the vaccinated population and to establish priorities to guide health policies in low-income countries with limited access to vaccines. Here, we summarize the accuracy, the advantages and limits of LFIAs as POC tests for antibody detection, highlighting the efforts that have been made to improve this technology over the last few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Spicuzza
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Sauré D, O'Ryan M, Torres JP, Zuñiga M, Soto-Rifo R, Valiente-Echeverría F, Gaete-Argel A, Neira I, Saavedra V, Acevedo ML, Archila C, Acuña F, Rain M, Basso LJ. COVID-19 lateral flow IgG seropositivity and serum neutralising antibody responses after primary and booster vaccinations in Chile: a cross-sectional study. THE LANCET. MICROBE 2023; 4:e149-e158. [PMID: 36716754 PMCID: PMC9883018 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(22)00290-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND By June 30, 2022, 92·6% of the Chilean population older than 18 years had received a full primary SARS-CoV-2 vaccine series, mostly with CoronaVac (Sinovac Biotech), and 78·4% had received a booster dose, mostly heterologous with BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and ChAdOx1 (AstraZeneca). We previously reported national seroprevalence data from lateral flow testing of IgG SARS-CoV-2 antibodies up to 16 weeks after primary vaccination. Our aim here was to study IgG seropositivity dynamics up to 30 weeks after primary vaccination and, in CoronaVac recipients, up to 26 weeks after booster vaccination, and to establish the correlation between lateral flow tests and neutralising antibody titres. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, testing stations for SARS-CoV-2 IgG detection were selected and installed from March 12, 2021, in hotspots in 24 large Chilean cities, and were maintained until March 31, 2022. Individuals voluntarily approaching the testing stations were invited to perform a rapid lateral flow test via a finger prick and complete a questionnaire. Between Aug 12, 2021, and April 1, 2022, volunteers seeking medical care in the Mutual de Seguridad de la Cámara Chilena de la Construcción provided blood samples for lateral flow testing and neutralising antibody studies; inclusion criteria were age at least 18 years, history of complete primary vaccination series with CoronaVac, BNT162b2, or ChAdOx1, or no vaccine, and no previous COVID-19 diagnosis. We tested the difference in IgG positivity across time, and between primary and booster doses, in all eligible participants with complete records, controlling for age, gender, and comorbidities. We also assessed the predictive power of neutralising antibody titres and sociodemographic characteristics on the probability of IgG positive results using multivariable logistic regression. FINDINGS Of 107 220 individuals recruited at the testing stations, 101 070 were included in our analysis (59 862 [59·2%] women and 41 208 [40·8%] men). 65 902 (65·2%) received primary vaccination series with CoronaVac, 18 548 (18·4%) with BNT162b2, and 606 (0·6%) with ChAdOx1, and 16 014 (15·8%) received no vaccine. Among the 61 767 individuals with a complete primary vaccination series with CoronaVac, 608 (1·0%) received a CoronaVac booster, 10 095 (16·3%) received a BNT162b2 booster, and 5435 (8·8%) received a ChAdOx1 booster. After ChAdOx1 primary vaccination, seropositivity peaked at week 5 after the second dose, occurring in 13 (92·9%, 95% CI 79·4-100·0) of 14 individuals. In participants who received a complete CoronaVac primary series, the decline in seropositivity stabilised at week 18 after the second dose (86 [44·7%, 95% CI 41·8-47·7] of 1087 individuals), whereas after receiving BNT162b2, seropositivity declined slightly by week 25 after the second dose (161 [94·2%, 90·6-97·7] of 171). A lower proportion of individuals who received the CoronaVac primary series and a homologous booster were seropositive (279 [85·6%, 95% CI 81·8-89·4] of 326) by weeks 2-18 than those who received a BNT162b2 booster (7031 [98·6%, 98·4-98·9] of 7128) or a ChAdOx1 booster (2893 [98·0%, 97·5-98·5] of 2953). The correlation between IgG positivity and log of the infectious dose in 50% of neutralising antibodies was moderate, with a sensitivity of 81·4% (95% CI 76·3-86·6) and specificity of 92·5% (73·3-100·0). INTERPRETATION Dynamic monitoring of IgG positivity to SARS-CoV-2 can characterise antibody waning over time in the absence or presence of booster doses, providing relevant data for the design of vaccination strategies. The correlation between lateral flow test IgG titres and neutralising antibody concentrations suggests that they could be a quick and effective surveillance tool to measure protection against SARS-CoV-2. FUNDING Instituto Sistemas Complejos de Ingeniería, Subsecretaría de Redes Asistenciales, Ministry of Health, Chile, and Mutual de Seguridad de la Cámara Chilena de la Construcción.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Sauré
- Industrial Engineering Department, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Instituto Sistemas Complejos de Ingeniería (ISCI), Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel O'Ryan
- Programa de Microbiología y Micología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Instituto Sistemas Complejos de Ingeniería (ISCI), Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Torres
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Facultad de Medicina, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Instituto Sistemas Complejos de Ingeniería (ISCI), Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Zuñiga
- Subsecretaría de Redes Asistenciales, Ministry of Health, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Soto-Rifo
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular y Celular, y Programa de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Valiente-Echeverría
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular y Celular, y Programa de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aracelly Gaete-Argel
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular y Celular, y Programa de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignasi Neira
- Instituto Sistemas Complejos de Ingeniería (ISCI), Santiago, Chile
| | - Vicente Saavedra
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular y Celular, y Programa de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mónica L Acevedo
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular y Celular, y Programa de Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | | - Leonardo J Basso
- Civil Engineering Department, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Instituto Sistemas Complejos de Ingeniería (ISCI), Santiago, Chile.
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11
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Nan J, Sun W, Liu X, Che Y, Shan H, Yue Y, Liu J, Wang L, Liu K, Xu W, Zhang W, Zhang S, Liu B, Hettie KS, Zhu S, Zhang J, Yang B. Thickness-Sensing Sandwiched Plasmonic Biosensors Enable Label-Free Naked-Eye Antibody Quantification. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:9596-9605. [PMID: 36394551 PMCID: PMC9805804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Clinical serology assays for detecting the antibodies of the virus are time-consuming, are less sensitive/selective, or rely on sophisticated detection instruments. Here, we develop a sandwiched plasmonic biosensor (SPB) for supersensitive thickness-sensing via utilizing the distance-dependent electromagnetic coupling in sandwiched plasmonic nanostructures. SPBs quantitatively amplify the thickness changes on the nanoscale range (sensitivity: ∼2% nm-1) into macroscopically visible signals, thereby enabling the rapid, label-free, and naked-eye detection of targeted biomolecular species (via the thickness change caused by immunobinding events). As a proof of concept, this assay affords a broad dynamic range (7 orders of magnitude) and a low LOD (∼0.3 pM), allowing for the extremely accurate SARS-CoV-2 antibody quantification (sensitivity/specificity: 100%/∼99%, with a portable optical fiber device). This strategy is suitable for high-throughput multiplexed detection and smartphone-based sensing at the point-of-care, which can be expanded for various sensing applications beyond the fields of viral infections and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Weihong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | - Ying Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Kun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | | - Kenneth S Hettie
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Shoujun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Junhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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12
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Chiu WH, Kong WY, Chueh YH, Wen JW, Tsai CM, Hong C, Chen PY, Ko CH. Using an ultra-compact optical system to improve lateral flow immunoassay results quantitatively. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12116. [PMID: 36544820 PMCID: PMC9761723 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) is a paper-based platform with extensive application in point-of-care (POC) testing and many fields. However, its clinical application is severely limited due to the lack of quantitative ability of standard LFIA tests; this augmentation provides the system with quantifying the signal from magenta-colored AuNPs. To address this issue, we proposed an ultra-compact optical system that allowed LFIAs to be performed more accurately and objectively. The experimental setup consisted of multiple optical accessories manufactured by 3D printing (STEP files were included). A high-resolution printer was used to print out a magenta card model for the LFIA, whose color code, ranging from 255, 255, 255 to 255, 0, 255 in the RGB (red, green, blue) format, represents different levels of magenta color intensity (from 0% to 100%) and thus the results of LFIA test strips. A mathematical model was built using a calibration curve to describe the relationship between magenta color value and reflectance spectrum. In addition, a spectrum module was integrated into the proposed system to identify and quantify LFIA results. This integration represents a pioneering step in developing portable detection techniques that facilitate quantifying LFIA results. Finally, we expect this ultra-compact optical spectroscopy system to have great potential for novel clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Huai Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Automation and Control, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yi Kong
- Graduate Institute of Automation and Control, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hui Chueh
- Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | - Ciao-Ming Tsai
- Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | - Pang-Yen Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hao Ko
- Graduate Institute of Automation and Control, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
- Corresponding author.
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13
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Pohanka M. Progress in Biosensors for the Point-of-Care Diagnosis of COVID-19. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22197423. [PMID: 36236521 PMCID: PMC9571584 DOI: 10.3390/s22197423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly virulent infection that has caused a pandemic since 2019. Early diagnosis of the disease has been recognized as one of the important approaches to minimize the pathological impact and spread of infection. Point-of-care tests proved to be substantial analytical tools, and especially lateral flow immunoassays (lateral flow tests) serve the purpose. In the last few years, biosensors have gained popularity. These are simple but highly sensitive and accurate analytical devices composed from a selective molecule such as an antibody or antigen and a sensor platform. Biosensors would be an advanced alternative to current point-of-care tests for COVID-19 diagnosis and standard laboratory methods as well. Recent discoveries related to point-of-care diagnostic tests for COVID-19, the development of biosensors for specific antibodies and specific virus parts or their genetic information are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Pohanka
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defense, Trebesska 1575, CZ-50001 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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14
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Correia BP, Sousa MP, Sousa CEA, Mateus D, Sebastião AI, Cruz MT, Matos AM, Pereira AC, Moreira FTC. Development of colorimetric cellulose-based test-strip for the rapid detection of antibodies against SARS-CoV2 virus. CELLULOSE (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 29:9311-9322. [PMID: 36158137 PMCID: PMC9483301 DOI: 10.1007/s10570-022-04808-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Given the pandemic situation, there is an urgent need for an accurate test to monitor antibodies anti-SARS-CoV-2, providing crucial epidemiological and clinical information to monitor the evolution of coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19) and to stratify the immunized and asymptomatic population. Therefore, this paper describes a new cellulose-based test strip for rapid and cost-effective quantitative detection of antibodies to SARS-CoV2 virus by colorimetric transduction. For this purpose, Whatman paper was chemically modified with sodium metaperiodate to introduce aldehyde groups on its surface. Subsequently, the spike protein of the virus is covalently bound by forming an imine group. The chemical control of cellulose paper modification was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and contact angle analysis. Colorimetric detection of the antibodies was performed by a conventional staining method using Ponceau S solution as the dye. Color analysis was performed after image acquisition with a smartphone using Image J software. The color intensity varied linearly with the logarithm of the anti-S concentration (from 10 ng/mL to 1 μg/mL) in 500-fold diluted serum samples when plotted against the green coordinate extracted from digital images. The test strip was selective in the presence of nucleocapsid antibodies, urea, glucose, and bovine serum albumin with less than 15% interference, and detection of antibodies in human serum was successfully performed. Overall, this is a simple and affordable design that can be readily used for mass population screening and does not require sophisticated equipment or qualified personnel. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10570-022-04808-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara P. Correia
- BioMark/ISEP, School of Engineering, Polytechnic School of Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Mariana P. Sousa
- BioMark/ISEP, School of Engineering, Polytechnic School of Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Cristina E. A. Sousa
- BioMark/ISEP, School of Engineering, Polytechnic School of Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Daniela Mateus
- Faculty of Farmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Isabel Sebastião
- Faculty of Farmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Cruz
- Faculty of Farmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Miguel Matos
- Faculty of Farmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Chemical Engineering Processes and Forest Products Research Center, CIEPQPF, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Cláudia Pereira
- BioMark/ISEP, School of Engineering, Polytechnic School of Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Felismina T. C. Moreira
- BioMark/ISEP, School of Engineering, Polytechnic School of Porto, R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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15
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Devi MJ, Gaffar S, Hartati YW. A review post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 serological test: Method and antibody titer response. Anal Biochem 2022; 658:114902. [PMID: 36122603 PMCID: PMC9481475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine is one of the most important efforts in controlling the pandemic. Serological tests are used to identify highly reactive human donors for convalescent plasma therapy, measuring vaccine efficacy and durability. This review article presents a review of serology tests and how antibody titers in response to vaccines have been developed. Some of the serological test methods discussed are Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test (PRNT), Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA), and Chemiluminescent Micro-particle Immunoassay (CMIA). This review can provide an understanding of the application of the body's immune response to vaccines to get some new strategies for vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Janisha Devi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Indonesia
| | - Shabarni Gaffar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Indonesia
| | - Yeni Wahyuni Hartati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Indonesia.
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16
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Connelly GG, Kirkland OO, Bohannon S, Lim DC, Wilson RM, Richards EJ, Tay DM, Jee H, Hellinger RD, Hoang NK, Hao L, Chhabra A, Martin-Alonso C, Tan EK, Koehler AN, Yaffe MB, London WB, Lee PY, Krammer F, Bohannon RC, Bhatia SN, Sikes HD, Li H. Direct capture of neutralized RBD enables rapid point-of-care assessment of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titer. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2022; 2:100273. [PMID: 35942328 PMCID: PMC9350670 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Neutralizing antibody (NAb) titer is a key biomarker of protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, but point-of-care methods for assessing NAb titer are not widely available. Here, we present a lateral flow assay that captures SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) that has been neutralized from binding angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Quantification of neutralized RBD in this assay correlates with NAb titer from vaccinated and convalescent patients. This methodology demonstrated superior performance in assessing NAb titer compared with either measurement of total anti-spike immunoglobulin G titer or quantification of the absolute reduction in binding between ACE2 and RBD. Our testing platform has the potential for mass deployment to aid in determining at population scale the degree of protective immunity individuals may have following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination or infection and can enable simple at-home assessment of NAb titer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guinevere G. Connelly
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Orville O. Kirkland
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Daniel C. Lim
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Robert M. Wilson
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Edward J. Richards
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Dragonfly Therapeutics, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Dousabel M. Tay
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hyuk Jee
- Division of Rheumatology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Riley D. Hellinger
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ngoc K. Hoang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Liang Hao
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Arnav Chhabra
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Satellite Bio, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Carmen Martin-Alonso
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Edward K.W. Tan
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Angela N. Koehler
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Michael B. Yaffe
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Wendy B. London
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pui Y. Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, and Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Sangeeta N. Bhatia
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Wyss Institute at Harvard, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hadley D. Sikes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hojun Li
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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17
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Hirabidian M, Bocket L, Demaret J, Vuotto F, Rabat A, Faure K, Labalette M, Hober D, Lefevre G, Alidjinou EK. Evaluation of a rapid semiquantitative lateral flow assay for the prediction of serum neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 variants. J Clin Virol 2022; 155:105268. [PMID: 35998394 PMCID: PMC9383946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 have been shown to correlate with protection against infection. Simple tools such as lateral flow assays (LFA) that can accurately measure NAbs may be useful for monitoring anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity in the future. Objectives We assessed the performance of the ichroma™ COVID-19 nAb test, a rapid semiquantitative LFA, for the prediction of serum neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Study design Serum samples were collected from COVID-19 recovered patients and vaccinated individuals. The result of the ichroma assay was provided as inhibition rate, and was compared to anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels, and NAbs against Alpha, Delta and Omicron variants. Results A total of 90 sera from recovered unvaccinated patients and 209 sera from the vaccine cohort were included in this study. In post-infection samples, the ichroma inhbition rate was found to be correlated with IgG levels (ρ = 0.83), and with anti-Alpha NAbs levels (ρ = 0.78). In the vaccine cohort, a good correlation was also observed between the ichroma inhibition rate and IgG levels (ρ = 0.84), as well as NAbs against Alpha (ρ = 0.62), Delta (ρ = 0.88) and Omicron (ρ = 0.74). An ichroma inhbition rate of 77.2%, 90.8% and 99.6% accurately predicted neutralization against Alpha, Delta and Omicron variants respectively. Conclusions The ichroma™ COVID-19 nAb assay, with appropriate variant cut-offs, can be useful for the monitoring of anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunization and may provide a rapid prediction of protection, especially in individuals with significant levels of NAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Hirabidian
- Univ Lille, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Laurence Bocket
- Univ Lille, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Julie Demaret
- CHU Lille, Institut d'Immunologie, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation Inserm Univ. Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Fanny Vuotto
- CHU Lille, Département de Maladies Infectieuses, F-59000 Lille France
| | - Anthony Rabat
- Univ Lille, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Karine Faure
- CHU Lille, Département de Maladies Infectieuses, F-59000 Lille France
| | - Myriam Labalette
- CHU Lille, Institut d'Immunologie, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation Inserm Univ. Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Didier Hober
- Univ Lille, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Guillaume Lefevre
- CHU Lille, Institut d'Immunologie, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation Inserm Univ. Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
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18
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Thapa S, Singh KRB, Verma R, Singh J, Singh RP. State-of-the-Art Smart and Intelligent Nanobiosensors for SARS-CoV-2 Diagnosis. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12080637. [PMID: 36005033 PMCID: PMC9405813 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus appeared to be a milder infection initially, but the unexpected outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), commonly called COVID-19, was transmitted all over the world in late 2019 and caused a pandemic. Human health has been disastrously affected by SARS-CoV-2, which is still evolving and causing more serious concerns, leading to the innumerable loss of lives. Thus, this review provides an outline of SARS-CoV-2, of the traditional tools to diagnose SARS-CoV-2, and of the role of emerging nanomaterials with unique properties for fabricating biosensor devices to diagnose SARS-CoV-2. Smart and intelligent nanomaterial-enabled biosensors (nanobiosensors) have already proven their utility for the diagnosis of several viral infections, as various detection strategies based on nanobiosensor devices are already present, and several other methods are also being investigated by researchers for the determination of SARS-CoV-2 disease; however, considerably more is undetermined and yet to be explored. Hence, this review highlights the utility of various nanobiosensor devices for SARS-CoV-2 determination. Further, it also emphasizes the future outlook of nanobiosensing technologies for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Thapa
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kshitij RB Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ranjana Verma
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jay Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Correspondence: (J.S.); or (R.P.S.)
| | - Ravindra Pratap Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak 484887, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Correspondence: (J.S.); or (R.P.S.)
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19
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Liu KT, Han YJ, Wu GH, Huang KYA, Huang PN. Overview of Neutralization Assays and International Standard for Detecting SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071560. [PMID: 35891540 PMCID: PMC9322699 DOI: 10.3390/v14071560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to review the existing literature on the different types of neutralization assays and international standards for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We comprehensively summarized the serological assays for detecting neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and demonstrated the importance of an international standard for calibrating the measurement of neutralizing antibodies. Following the coronavirus disease outbreak in December 2019, there was an urgent demand to detect neutralizing antibodies in patients or vaccinated people to monitor disease outcomes and determine vaccine efficacy. Therefore, many approaches were developed to detect neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, such as microneutralization assay, SARS-CoV-2 pseudotype virus assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and rapid lateral flow assay. Given the many types of serological assays for quantifying the neutralizing antibody titer, the comparison of different assay results is a challenge. In 2020, the World Health Organization proposed the first international standard as a common unit to define neutralizing antibody titer and antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2. These standards are useful for comparing the results of different assays and laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Ting Liu
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (K.-T.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (G.-H.W.); (K.-Y.A.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Han
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (K.-T.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (G.-H.W.); (K.-Y.A.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Hong Wu
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (K.-T.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (G.-H.W.); (K.-Y.A.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ying A. Huang
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (K.-T.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (G.-H.W.); (K.-Y.A.H.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Nien Huang
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (K.-T.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (G.-H.W.); (K.-Y.A.H.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- International Master Degree Program for Molecular Medicine in Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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20
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Bao L, Park J, Qin B, Kim B. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG antibodies detection using a patch sensor containing porous microneedles and a paper-based immunoassay. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10693. [PMID: 35778408 PMCID: PMC9249772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14725-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. A new coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified in Wuhan, China in 2019, and the World Health Organization (WHO) declared its outbreak, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as a global pandemic in 2020. COVID-19 can spread quickly from person to person. One of the most challenging issues is to identify the infected individuals and prevent potential spread of SARS-CoV-2. Recently, anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody tests using immunochromatographic methods have been used as a complement to current detection methods and have provided information of the approximate course of COVID-19 infection. However, blood sampling causes pain and poses risks of infection at the needle puncture site. In this study, a novel patch sensor integrating porous microneedles and an immunochromatographic assay (PMNIA) was developed for the rapid detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG in dermal interstitial fluid (ISF), which is a rich source of protein biomarkers, such as antibodies. Biodegradable porous microneedles (MNs) made of polylactic acid were fabricated to extract ISF from human skin by capillary effect. The extracted ISF was vertically transported and flowed into the affixed immunoassay biosensor, where specific antibodies could be detected colorimetrically on-site. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG antibodies were simultaneously detected within 3 min in vitro. Moreover, the limit of detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG concentrations was as low as 3 and 7 ng/mL, respectively. The developed device integrating porous MNs and immunochromatographic biosensors is expected to enable minimally invasive, simple, and rapid anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG antibody testing. Furthermore, the compact size of the MN and biosensor-integrated device is advantageous for its widespread use. The proposed device has great potential for rapid screening of various infectious diseases in addition to COVID-19 as an effective complementary method with other diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Bao
- Institute of Industrial Science, The Univeristy of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Jongho Park
- Institute of Industrial Science, The Univeristy of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Boyu Qin
- Institute of Industrial Science, The Univeristy of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Beomjoon Kim
- Institute of Industrial Science, The Univeristy of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan.
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21
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Ultra-Fast and Sensitive Screening for Antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 S1 Spike Antigen with a Portable Bioelectric Biosensor. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10070254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
As a consequence of the progress of the global vaccination against the COVID-19 disease, fast, accurate and affordable assays are needed for monitoring the efficiency of developing immunity against the coronavirus at the population level. In this context, we herewith report the proof-of-concept development of an innovative bioelectric biosensor for the ultra-detection (in less than three minutes) of IgG antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 S1 spike antigen. The biosensor comprises a disposable set of screen-printed electrodes upon which are immobilized cells engineered to bear the S1 protein on their surface. When anti-S1 antibodies are presented to the engineered cell population, a rapid, specific, and selective change of the cell membrane potential occurs; this is in turn recorded by a bespoke portable potentiometer. End results are communicated via Bluetooth to a smartphone equipped with a customized user interface. By using the novel biosensor, anti-S1 antibodies could be detected at concentrations as low as 5 ng/mL. In a preliminary clinical trial, positive results were derived from patients vaccinated or previously infected by the virus. Selectivity over other respiratory viruses was demonstrated by the lack of cross-reactivity to antibodies against rhinovirus. After further clinical validation and extension to also screen IgM, IgA and possible neutralizing antibodies, our approach is intended to facilitate the mass and reliable detection of antibodies in the early stages following vaccination and to monitor the duration and level of acquired immunity both in a clinical and self-testing environment.
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22
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Shen H, Chen X, Zeng L, Xu X, Tao Y, Kang S, Lu Y, Lian M, Yang C, Zhu Z. Magnetofluid-Integrated Multicolor Immunochip for Visual Analysis of Neutralizing Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Variants. Anal Chem 2022; 94:8458-8465. [PMID: 35658117 PMCID: PMC9211038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The global spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus has severely affected human health, life, and work. Vaccine immunization is considered to be an effective means to protect the body from infection. Therefore, timely analysis of the antibody level is helpful to identify people with low immune response or attenuated antibodies so as to carry out targeted and precise vaccine booster immunization. Herein, we develop a magnetofluid-integrated multicolor immunochip, as a sample-to-answer system in a fully enclosed space, for visual analysis of neutralizing antibodies of SARS-CoV-2. Generally, this chip adopts an innovative three-dimensional two-phase system that utilizes mineral oil to block the connection between reagent wells in the vertical direction and provides a wide interface for rapid and nondestructive shuttle of magnetic beads during the immunoassay. In order to obtain visualized signal output, gold nanorods with a size-dependent color effect are used as the colorful chromogenic substrates for evaluation of the antibody level. Using this chip, the neutralizing antibodies were successfully detected in vaccine-immunized volunteers with 83.3% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Furthermore, changes in antibody levels of the same individual over time were also reflected by the multicolor assay. Overall, benefiting from simple operation, airtight safety, and nonrequirement of external equipment, this platform can provide a new point-of-care testing strategy for alleviating the shortage of medical resources and promoting epidemic control in underdeveloped areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haicong Shen
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials,
Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key
Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of
Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xinying Chen
- Clinical
Laboratory, Xiamen University Hospital, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Liuqing Zeng
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials,
Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key
Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of
Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xing Xu
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials,
Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key
Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of
Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yingzhou Tao
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials,
Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key
Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of
Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Siyin Kang
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials,
Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key
Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of
Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yinzhu Lu
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials,
Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key
Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of
Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Mingjian Lian
- Clinical
Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chaoyong Yang
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials,
Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key
Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of
Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Institute
of Molecular Medicine, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji
Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao
Tong University Shanghai, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zhi Zhu
- MOE
Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials,
Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key
Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of
Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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23
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Polvere I, Parrella A, Zerillo L, Voccola S, Cardinale G, D'Andrea S, Madera JR, Stilo R, Vito P, Zotti T. Humoral Immune Response Diversity to Different COVID-19 Vaccines: Implications for the "Green Pass" Policy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:833085. [PMID: 35634315 PMCID: PMC9130843 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.833085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In the COVID-19 pandemic year 2021, several countries have implemented a vaccine certificate policy, the “Green Pass Policy” (GPP), to reduce virus spread and to allow safe relaxation of COVID-19 restrictions and reopening of social and economic activities. The rationale for the GPP is based on the assumption that vaccinated people should maintain a certain degree of immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Here we describe and compare, for the first time, the humoral immune response to mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, Ad26.COV2.S, and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccines in terms of antibody titer elicited, neutralizing activity, and epitope reactogenicity among 369 individuals aged 19 to 94 years. In parallel, we also considered the use of a rapid test for the determination of neutralizing antibodies as a tool to guide policymakers in defining booster vaccination strategies and eligibility for Green Pass. Our analysis demonstrates that the titer of antibodies directed towards the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 Spike is significantly associated with age and vaccine type. Moreover, natural COVID-19 infection combined with vaccination results, on average, in higher antibody titer and higher neutralizing activity as compared to fully vaccinated individuals without prior COVID-19. We also found that levels of anti-Spike RBD antibodies are not always strictly associated with the extent of inhibition of RBD-ACE2 binding, as we could observe different neutralizing activities in sera with similar anti-RBD concentrations. Finally, we evaluated the reactivity to four synthetic peptides derived from Spike protein on a randomly selected serum sample and observed that similar to SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination elicits a heterogeneous antibody response with qualitative individual features. On the basis of our results, the use of rapid devices to detect the presence of neutralizing antibodies, even on a large scale and repeatedly over time, appears helpful in determining the duration of the humoral protection elicited by vaccination. These aspects and their implications for the GPP are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Polvere
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | | | - Lucrezia Zerillo
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy.,Genus Biotech srls, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Serena Voccola
- Consorzio Sannio Tech, Apollosa, Italy.,Genus Biotech srls, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Gaetano Cardinale
- Consorzio Sannio Tech, Apollosa, Italy.,Tecno Bios srl, Apollosa, Italy
| | - Silvia D'Andrea
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy.,Genus Biotech srls, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | | | - Romania Stilo
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Pasquale Vito
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy.,Genus Biotech srls, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Tiziana Zotti
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy.,Genus Biotech srls, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
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24
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Zhang Y, Chai Y, Hu Z, Xu Z, Li M, Chen X, Yang C, Liu J. Recent Progress on Rapid Lateral Flow Assay-Based Early Diagnosis of COVID-19. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:866368. [PMID: 35592553 PMCID: PMC9111179 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.866368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in enormous losses worldwide. Through effective control measures and vaccination, prevention and curbing have proven significantly effective; however, the disease has still not been eliminated. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a simple, convenient, and rapid detection strategy for controlling disease recurrence and transmission. Taking advantage of their low-cost and simple operation, point-of-care test (POCT) kits for COVID-19 based on the lateral flow assay (LFA) chemistry have become one of the most convenient and widely used screening tools for pathogens in hospitals and at home. In this review, we introduce essential features of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, compare existing detection methods, and focus on the principles, merits and limitations of the LFAs based on viral nucleic acids, antigens, and corresponding antibodies. A systematic comparison was realized through summarization and analyses, providing a comprehensive demonstration of the LFA technology and insights into preventing and curbing the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Longgang District People’s Hospital of Shenzhen and The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yujuan Chai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zulu Hu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhourui Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meirong Li
- Central Laboratory, Longgang District People’s Hospital of Shenzhen and The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chengbin Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Central Laboratory, Longgang District People’s Hospital of Shenzhen and The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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25
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Pieri M, Nicolai E, Nuccetelli M, Sarubbi S, Tomassetti F, Pelagalli M, Minieri M, Terrinoni A, Bernardini S. Validation of a quantitative lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA)-based point-of-care (POC) rapid test for SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. Arch Virol 2022; 167:1285-1291. [PMID: 35377034 PMCID: PMC8977564 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05422-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
With the widespread use of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, a rapid and reliable method to detect SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) is extremely important for monitoring vaccine effectiveness and immunity in the population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of the RapiRead™ reader and the TestNOW™ COVID-19 NAb rapid point-of-care (POC) test for quantitative measurement of antibodies against the spike protein receptor-binding domain of severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in different biological matrices compared to chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) methods. Ninety-four samples were collected and analyzed using a RapiRead™ reader and TestNOW™ COVID-19 NAb kits for detecting neutralizing antibodies, and then using two CLIAs. The data were compared statistically using the Kruskal-Wallis test for more than two groups or the Mann-Whitney test for two groups. Specificity and sensitivity were evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Good correlation was observed between the rapid lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) test system and both CLIA methods. RapiRead™ reader/TestNOW™ COVID-19 NAb vs. Maglumi: correlation coefficient (r) = 0.728 for all patients; r = 0.841 for vaccinated patients. RapiRead™ reader/TestNOW™ COVID-19 NAb vs. Mindray: r = 0.6394 in all patients; r = 0.8724 in vaccinated patients. The time stability of the POC serological test was also assessed considering two times of reading, 12 and 14 minutes. The data revealed no significant differences. The use of a RapiRead™ reader and TestNOW™ COVID-19 NAb assay is a quantitative, rapid, and valid method for detecting SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and could be a useful tool for screening studies of SARS-CoV-2 infection and assessing the efficacy of vaccines in a non-laboratory context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Pieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine, "Tor Vergata" University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Nicolai
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Nuccetelli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, "Tor Vergata" University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Sarubbi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Flaminia Tomassetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Pelagalli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Marilena Minieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, "Tor Vergata" University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Terrinoni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, "Tor Vergata" University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, "Tor Vergata" University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133, Rome, Italy
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26
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Wu W, Tan X, Zupancic J, Schardt JS, Desai AA, Smith MD, Zhang J, Xie L, Oo MK, Tessier PM, Fan X. Rapid and Quantitative In Vitro Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies and Nanobodies. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4504-4512. [PMID: 35238533 PMCID: PMC9356539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and nanobodies have shown promising results as potential therapeutic agents for COVID-19. Identifying such antibodies and nanobodies requires evaluating the neutralization activity of a large number of lead molecules via biological assays, such as the virus neutralization test (VNT). These assays are typically time-consuming and demanding on-lab facilities. Here, we present a rapid and quantitative assay that evaluates the neutralizing efficacy of an antibody or nanobody within 1.5 h, does not require BSL-2 facilities, and consumes only 8 μL of a low concentration (ng/mL) sample for each assay run. We tested the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) binding inhibition efficacy of seven antibodies and eight nanobodies and verified that the IC50 values of our assay are comparable with those from SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus neutralization tests. We also found that our assay could evaluate the neutralizing efficacy against three widespread SARS-CoV-2 variants. We observed increased affinity of these variants for ACE2, including the β and γ variants. Finally, we demonstrated that our assay enables the rapid identification of an immune-evasive mutation of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, utilizing a set of nanobodies with known binding epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weishu Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Xiaotian Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jennifer Zupancic
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - John S Schardt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Alec A Desai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Matthew D Smith
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Monoclonal Antibody Research and Development, Sino Biological Inc., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Liangzhi Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Monoclonal Antibody Research and Development, Sino Biological Inc., Beijing 100176, China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein and Antibody, Sinocelltech Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Maung Khaing Oo
- Optofluidic Bioassay, LLC, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48103, United States
| | - Peter M Tessier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Xudong Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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27
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Nickel O, Rockstroh A, Borte S, Wolf J. Evaluation of Simple Lateral Flow Immunoassays for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10030347. [PMID: 35334979 PMCID: PMC8949379 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunization for the generation of protective antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged to be highly effective in preventing hospital admission, need for intensive care treatment and high mortality in the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Lateral flow immune assays (LFIAs) offer a simple and competitive option to monitor antibody production after vaccination. Here, we compared the diagnostic performance of three different lateral flow assays in detecting nucleocapsid protein (NP), S1 subunit (S1) and receptor binding domain (pseudo)-neutralizing antibodies (nRBD) in sera of 107 health care workers prior (V1), two weeks (V2) after first vaccination with BNT162b2 as well as three weeks (V3) and eight months later (V4). In sera at V1, overall specificity was >99%. At V3, LFIAs showed sensitivities between 98.1 and 100%. The comparison of S1 and nRBD LFIA with S1 ELISA and a focus reduction neutralization assay (FRNT) revealed high concordance at V3. Thus, the use of lateral flow immunoassays appears to have reasonable application in the short-term follow-up after vaccination for SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Nickel
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital St. Georg, 04129 Leipzig, Germany; (O.N.); (S.B.)
| | - Alexandra Rockstroh
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Stephan Borte
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital St. Georg, 04129 Leipzig, Germany; (O.N.); (S.B.)
- Immuno Deficiency Center Leipzig, Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases, Hospital St. Georg, 04129 Leipzig, Germany
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14152 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johannes Wolf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital St. Georg, 04129 Leipzig, Germany; (O.N.); (S.B.)
- Immuno Deficiency Center Leipzig, Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases, Hospital St. Georg, 04129 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence:
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28
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Lim SM, Cheng HL, Jia H, Kongsuphol P, Shanmuganathan BD, Chen MW, Ng SY, Gao X, Turaga SP, Heussler SP, Somani J, Sengupta S, Tay DMY, McBee ME, Young BE, MacAry PA, Sikes HD, Preiser PR. Finger stick blood test to assess post vaccination
SARS‐CoV
‐2 neutralizing antibody response against variants. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 7:e10293. [PMID: 35600666 PMCID: PMC9115707 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
There is clinical need for a quantifiable point‐of‐care (PoC) SARS‐CoV‐2 neutralizing antibody (nAb) test that is adaptable with the pandemic's changing landscape. Here, we present a rapid and semi‐quantitative nAb test that uses finger stick or venous blood to assess the nAb response of vaccinated population against wild‐type (WT), alpha, beta, gamma, and delta variant RBDs. It captures a clinically relevant range of nAb levels, and effectively differentiates prevaccination, post first dose, and post second dose vaccination samples within 10 min. The data observed against alpha, beta, gamma, and delta variants agrees with published results evaluated in established serology tests. Finally, our test revealed a substantial reduction in nAb level for beta, gamma, and delta variants between early BNT162b2 vaccination group (within 3 months) and later vaccination group (post 3 months). This test is highly suited for PoC settings and provides an insightful nAb response in a postvaccinated population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sing Mei Lim
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group (AMR‐IRG), Singapore‐MIT Alliance in Research and Technology (SMART); #03‐10/11 Innovation Wing, 1 CREATE Way Singapore
| | - Hoi Lok Cheng
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group (AMR‐IRG), Singapore‐MIT Alliance in Research and Technology (SMART); #03‐10/11 Innovation Wing, 1 CREATE Way Singapore
| | - Huan Jia
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group (AMR‐IRG), Singapore‐MIT Alliance in Research and Technology (SMART); #03‐10/11 Innovation Wing, 1 CREATE Way Singapore
| | - Patthara Kongsuphol
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group (AMR‐IRG), Singapore‐MIT Alliance in Research and Technology (SMART); #03‐10/11 Innovation Wing, 1 CREATE Way Singapore
| | - Bhuvaneshwari D/O Shanmuganathan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore (NUS); 5 Science Drive 2, Blk MD4, Level 3 Singapore
| | - Ming Wei Chen
- School of Biological Sciences (SBS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU); 60 Nanyang Dr Singapore
| | - Say Yong Ng
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group (AMR‐IRG), Singapore‐MIT Alliance in Research and Technology (SMART); #03‐10/11 Innovation Wing, 1 CREATE Way Singapore
| | - Xiaohong Gao
- School of Biological Sciences (SBS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU); 60 Nanyang Dr Singapore
| | | | - Sascha P. Heussler
- Attonics System Pte. Ltd. 10 Anson Road, #12‐01 International Plaza Singapore
| | - Jyoti Somani
- National University Hospital (NUH); 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd Singapore
| | | | - Dousabel M. Y. Tay
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); 25 Ames Street, Building 66 Cambridge MA USA
| | - Megan E. McBee
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group (AMR‐IRG), Singapore‐MIT Alliance in Research and Technology (SMART); #03‐10/11 Innovation Wing, 1 CREATE Way Singapore
| | - Barnaby E. Young
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases (NCID); 16 Jalan Tan Tock Seng Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital; 16 Jalan Tan Tock Seng Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine; 59 Nanyang Drive Singapore
| | - Paul A. MacAry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore (NUS); 5 Science Drive 2, Blk MD4, Level 3 Singapore
- Life Sciences Institute (LSI), National University of Singapore (NUS); #05‐02, 28 Medical Drive Singapore
| | - Hadley D. Sikes
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group (AMR‐IRG), Singapore‐MIT Alliance in Research and Technology (SMART); #03‐10/11 Innovation Wing, 1 CREATE Way Singapore
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); 25 Ames Street, Building 66 Cambridge MA USA
| | - Peter R. Preiser
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group (AMR‐IRG), Singapore‐MIT Alliance in Research and Technology (SMART); #03‐10/11 Innovation Wing, 1 CREATE Way Singapore
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); 25 Ames Street, Building 66 Cambridge MA USA
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29
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Wang Q, Feng L, Zhang H, Gao J, Mao C, Landesman-Bollag E, Mostoslavsky G, Lunderberg JM, Zheng W, Hao S, Gao W. Longitudinal waning of mRNA vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 detected by an LFIA rapid test. Antib Ther 2022; 5:55-62. [PMID: 35146332 PMCID: PMC8807222 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
While mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 were highly efficacious against severe illness and hospitalization, they seem to be less effective in preventing infection months after vaccination, especially with the Delta variant. Breakthrough infections might be due to higher infectivity of the variants, relaxed protective measures by the general public in “COVID-19 fatigue”, and/or waning immunity post-vaccination. Determining the neutralizing antibody levels in a longitudinal manner may address this issue, but technical complexity of classic assays precludes easy detection and quick answers. We developed a lateral flow immunoassay NeutraXpress™ (commercial name of the test kit by Antagen Diagnostics, Inc.), and tested fingertip blood samples of subjects receiving either Moderna or Pfizer vaccines at various time points. With this device, we confirmed the reported clinical findings that mRNA vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies quickly wane after 3–6 months. Thus, using rapid tests to monitor neutralizing antibody status could help identify individuals at risk, prevent breakthrough infections and guide social behavior to curtail the spread of COVID-19.
Statement of Significance.
Mounting evidence suggests that mRNA vaccine-induced neutralizing antibody titres against SARS-CoV-2 wane in 3–6 months. Quick identification of fully vaccinated persons with high risk of breakthrough infections is key to control the COVID-19 pandemic. The described LFIA device having a control/sample dual-lane design serves this purpose with successful field-test data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Wang
- Shijiazhuang Hipro Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Hebei, 050035, P.R. China
| | - Lili Feng
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Haohai Zhang
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Juehua Gao
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | | | | - Gustavo Mostoslavsky
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Justin M Lunderberg
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Weina Zheng
- Shijiazhuang Hipro Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Hebei, 050035, P.R. China
| | - Shushun Hao
- Shijiazhuang Hipro Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Hebei, 050035, P.R. China
| | - Wenda Gao
- Antagen Diagnostics, Inc., Canton, MA 02021, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Wenda Gao, Antagen Diagnostics, Inc., 780 Dedham St., STE 800, Canton, MA 02021, USA. Tel: (617) 347-3705.
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30
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Wang Z, Zhao J, Xu X, Guo L, Xu L, Sun M, Hu S, Kuang H, Xu C, Li A. An Overview for the Nanoparticles-Based Quantitative Lateral Flow Assay. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2101143. [PMID: 35041285 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202101143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of the lateral flow assay (LFA) has received much attention in both academia and industry because of their broad applications to food safety, environmental monitoring, clinical diagnosis, and so forth. The user friendliness, low cost, and easy operation are the most attractive advantages of the LFA. In recent years, quantitative detection has become another focus of LFA development. Here, the most recent studies of quantitative LFAs are reviewed. First, the principles and corresponding formats of quantitative LFAs are introduced. In the biomaterial and nanomaterial sections, the detection, capture, and signal amplification biomolecules and the optical, fluorescent, luminescent, and magnetic labels used in LFAs are described. The invention of dedicated strip readers has drawn further interest in exploiting the better performance of LFAs. Therefore, next, the development of dedicated reader devices is described and the usefulness and specifications of these devices for LFAs are discussed. Finally, the applications of LFAs in the detection of metal ions, biotoxins, pathogenic microorganisms, veterinary drugs, and pesticides in the fields of food safety and environmental health and the detection of nucleic acids, biomarkers, and viruses in clinical analyses are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P. R. China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital, Jiangnan University, No. 1000, Hefeng Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P. R. China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Lingling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P. R. China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Liguang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P. R. China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Maozhong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P. R. China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Shudong Hu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital, Jiangnan University, No. 1000, Hefeng Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Hua Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P. R. China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P. R. China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Aike Li
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, No. 11, Baiwanzhuang Street, Beijing, 100037, P. R. China
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31
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Duan X, Shi Y, Zhang X, Ge X, Fan R, Guo J, Li Y, Li G, Ding Y, Osman RA, Jiang W, Sun J, Luan X, Zhang G. Dual-detection fluorescent immunochromatographic assay for quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD-ACE2 blocking neutralizing antibody. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 199:113883. [PMID: 34942543 PMCID: PMC8673933 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The global effort against the COVID-19 pandemic dictates that routine quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies is vital for assessing immunity following periodic revaccination against new viral variants. Here, we report a dual-detection fluorescent immunochromatographic assay (DFIA), with a built-in self-calibration process, that enables rapid quantitative detection of neutralizing antibodies that block binding between the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Thus, this assay is based on the inhibition of binding between ACE2 and the RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein by neutralizing antibodies, and the affinity of anti-human immunoglobulins for these neutralizing antibodies. Our self-calibrating DFIA shows improved precision and sensitivity with a wider dynamic linear range, due to the incorporation of a ratiometric algorithm of two-reverse linkage signals responding to an analyte. This was evident by the fact that no positive results (0/14) were observed in verified negative samples, while 22 positives were detected in 23 samples from verified convalescent plasma. A comparative analysis of the ability to detect neutralizing antibodies in 266 clinical serum samples including those from vaccine recipients, indicated that the overall percent agreement between DFIA and the commercial ELISA kit was 90.98%. Thus, the proposed DFIA provides a more reliable and accurate rapid test for detecting SARS-CoV-2 infections and vaccinations in the community. Therefore, the DFIA based strategy for detecting biomarkers, which uses a ratiometric algorithm based on affinity and inhibition reactions, may be applied to improve the performance of immunochromatographic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Duan
- Beijing North Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd., NO. A20 Panjiamiao, Fengtai Distrct, Beijing, China.
| | - Yijun Shi
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, Laboratory of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of In Vitro Diagnostics, Beijing, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Immunological Reagents Clinical Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Beijing North Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd., NO. A20 Panjiamiao, Fengtai Distrct, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Ge
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical Univerity, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Fan
- Beijing North Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd., NO. A20 Panjiamiao, Fengtai Distrct, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghan Guo
- Beijing North Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd., NO. A20 Panjiamiao, Fengtai Distrct, Beijing, China
| | - Yubin Li
- Beijing North Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd., NO. A20 Panjiamiao, Fengtai Distrct, Beijing, China
| | - Guoge Li
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, Laboratory of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of In Vitro Diagnostics, Beijing, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Immunological Reagents Clinical Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yaowei Ding
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, Laboratory of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of In Vitro Diagnostics, Beijing, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Immunological Reagents Clinical Research, Beijing, China
| | - Rasha Alsamani Osman
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, Laboratory of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of In Vitro Diagnostics, Beijing, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Immunological Reagents Clinical Research, Beijing, China
| | - Wencan Jiang
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, Laboratory of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of In Vitro Diagnostics, Beijing, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Immunological Reagents Clinical Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jialu Sun
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, Laboratory of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of In Vitro Diagnostics, Beijing, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Immunological Reagents Clinical Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Luan
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, Laboratory of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of In Vitro Diagnostics, Beijing, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Immunological Reagents Clinical Research, Beijing, China
| | - Guojun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, Laboratory of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of In Vitro Diagnostics, Beijing, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Immunological Reagents Clinical Research, Beijing, China.
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32
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Fulford TS, Van H, Gherardin NA, Zheng S, Ciula M, Drummer HE, Redmond S, Tan HX, Boo I, Center RJ, Li F, Grimley SL, Wines BD, Nguyen THO, Mordant FL, Ellenberg P, Rowntree LC, Kedzierski L, Cheng AC, Doolan DL, Matthews G, Bond K, Hogarth PM, McQuilten Z, Subbarao K, Kedzierska K, Juno JA, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ, Williamson DA, Purcell DFJ, Anderson DA, Godfrey DI. A point-of-care lateral flow assay for neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. EBioMedicine 2021; 74:103729. [PMID: 34871960 PMCID: PMC8641961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are now being rolled out, a better understanding of immunity to the virus, whether from infection, or passive or active immunisation, and the durability of this protection is required. This will benefit from the ability to measure antibody-based protection to SARS-CoV-2, ideally with rapid turnaround and without the need for laboratory-based testing. METHODS We have developed a lateral flow POC test that can measure levels of RBD-ACE2 neutralising antibody (NAb) from whole blood, with a result that can be determined by eye or quantitatively on a small instrument. We compared our lateral flow test with the gold-standard microneutralisation assay, using samples from convalescent and vaccinated donors, as well as immunised macaques. FINDINGS We show a high correlation between our lateral flow test with conventional neutralisation and that this test is applicable with animal samples. We also show that this assay is readily adaptable to test for protection to newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, including the beta variant which revealed a marked reduction in NAb activity. Lastly, using a cohort of vaccinated humans, we demonstrate that our whole-blood test correlates closely with microneutralisation assay data (specificity 100% and sensitivity 96% at a microneutralisation cutoff of 1:40) and that fingerprick whole blood samples are sufficient for this test. INTERPRETATION Taken together, the COVID-19 NAb-testTM device described here provides a rapid readout of NAb based protection to SARS-CoV-2 at the point of care. FUNDING Support was received from the Victorian Operational Infrastructure Support Program and the Australian Government Department of Health. This work was supported by grants from the Department of Health and Human Services of the Victorian State Government; the ARC (CE140100011, CE140100036), the NHMRC (1113293, 2002317 and 1116530), and Medical Research Future Fund Awards (2005544, 2002073, 2002132). Individual researchers were supported by an NHMRC Emerging Leadership Level 1 Investigator Grants (1194036), NHMRC APPRISE Research Fellowship (1116530), NHMRC Leadership Investigator Grant (1173871), NHMRC Principal Research Fellowship (1137285), NHMRC Investigator Grants (1177174 and 1174555) and NHMRC Senior Principal Research Fellowships (1117766 and 1136322). Grateful support was also received from the A2 Milk Company and the Jack Ma Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Fulford
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Huy Van
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Gherardin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Marcin Ciula
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Heidi E Drummer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Australia
| | - Samuel Redmond
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hyon-Xhi Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Irene Boo
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rob J Center
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fan Li
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Samantha L Grimley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bruce D Wines
- Immune therapies Laboratory, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,; Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Thi H O Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Francesca L Mordant
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paula Ellenberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louise C Rowntree
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lukasz Kedzierski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Allen C Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Denise L Doolan
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health & Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gail Matthews
- Kirby Institute, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Katherine Bond
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Microbiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - P Mark Hogarth
- Immune therapies Laboratory, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,; Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Zoe McQuilten
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Juno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre for Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Deborah A Williamson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Microbiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Damian F J Purcell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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33
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Harpaldas H, Arumugam S, Campillo Rodriguez C, Kumar BA, Shi V, Sia SK. Point-of-care diagnostics: recent developments in a pandemic age. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:4517-4548. [PMID: 34778896 PMCID: PMC8860149 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00627d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we provide an overview of developments in point-of-care (POC) diagnostics during the COVID-19 pandemic. We review these advances within the framework of a holistic POC ecosystem, focusing on points of interest - both technological and non-technological - to POC researchers and test developers. Technologically, we review design choices in assay chemistry, microfluidics, and instrumentation towards nucleic acid and protein detection for severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and away from the lab bench, developments that supported the unprecedented rapid development, scale up, and deployment of POC devices. We describe common features in the POC technologies that obtained Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for nucleic acid, antigen, and antibody tests, and how these tests fit into four distinct POC use cases. We conclude with implications for future pandemics, infectious disease monitoring, and digital health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshit Harpaldas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Siddarth Arumugam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | | | - Bhoomika Ajay Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Vivian Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Samuel K Sia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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34
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Tan E, Frew E, Cooper J, Humphrey J, Holden M, Mand AR, Li J, Anderson S, Bi M, Hatler J, Person A, Mortari F, Gould K, Barry S. Use of Lateral Flow Immunoassay to Characterize SARS-CoV-2 RBD-Specific Antibodies and Their Ability to React with the UK, SA and BR P.1 Variant RBDs. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1190. [PMID: 34208912 PMCID: PMC8303872 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11071190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying anti-spike antibodies that exhibit strong neutralizing activity against current dominant circulating variants, and antibodies that are escaped by these variants, has important implications in the development of therapeutic and diagnostic solutions and in improving understanding of the humoral response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We characterized seven anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) antibodies for binding activity, pairing capability, and neutralization activity to SARS-CoV-2 and three variant RBDs via lateral flow immunoassays. The results allowed us to group these antibodies into three distinct epitope bins. Our studies showed that two antibodies had broadly potent neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 and these variant RBDs and that one antibody did not neutralize the South African (SA) and Brazilian P.1 (BR P.1) RBDs. The antibody escaped by the SA and BR P.1 RBDs retained binding activity to SA and BR P.1 RBDs but was unable to induce neutralization. We demonstrated that lateral flow immunoassay could be a rapid and effective tool for antibody characterization, including epitope classification and antibody neutralization kinetics. The potential contributions of the mutations (N501Y, E484K, and K417N/T) contained in these variants' RBDs to the antibody pairing capability, neutralization activity, and therapeutic antibody targeting strategy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enqing Tan
- Diagnostic Reagents Division, Bio-Techne Corporation, Devens Site, Devens, MA 01434, USA; (E.T.); (E.F.); (M.H.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Erica Frew
- Diagnostic Reagents Division, Bio-Techne Corporation, Devens Site, Devens, MA 01434, USA; (E.T.); (E.F.); (M.H.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Jeff Cooper
- Reagent Solutions Division, Bio-Techne Corporation, Minneapolis Site, Minneapolis, MN 55413, USA; (J.C.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (S.A.); (M.B.); (J.H.); (A.P.)
| | - John Humphrey
- Reagent Solutions Division, Bio-Techne Corporation, Minneapolis Site, Minneapolis, MN 55413, USA; (J.C.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (S.A.); (M.B.); (J.H.); (A.P.)
| | - Matthew Holden
- Diagnostic Reagents Division, Bio-Techne Corporation, Devens Site, Devens, MA 01434, USA; (E.T.); (E.F.); (M.H.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Amanda Restell Mand
- Diagnostic Reagents Division, Bio-Techne Corporation, Devens Site, Devens, MA 01434, USA; (E.T.); (E.F.); (M.H.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Jun Li
- Reagent Solutions Division, Bio-Techne Corporation, Minneapolis Site, Minneapolis, MN 55413, USA; (J.C.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (S.A.); (M.B.); (J.H.); (A.P.)
| | - Shaya Anderson
- Reagent Solutions Division, Bio-Techne Corporation, Minneapolis Site, Minneapolis, MN 55413, USA; (J.C.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (S.A.); (M.B.); (J.H.); (A.P.)
| | - Ming Bi
- Reagent Solutions Division, Bio-Techne Corporation, Minneapolis Site, Minneapolis, MN 55413, USA; (J.C.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (S.A.); (M.B.); (J.H.); (A.P.)
| | - Julia Hatler
- Reagent Solutions Division, Bio-Techne Corporation, Minneapolis Site, Minneapolis, MN 55413, USA; (J.C.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (S.A.); (M.B.); (J.H.); (A.P.)
| | - Anthony Person
- Reagent Solutions Division, Bio-Techne Corporation, Minneapolis Site, Minneapolis, MN 55413, USA; (J.C.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (S.A.); (M.B.); (J.H.); (A.P.)
| | - Frank Mortari
- Corporate Development, Bio-Techne Corporation, Minneapolis Site, Minneapolis, MN 55413, USA;
| | - Kevin Gould
- Diagnostic Reagents Division, Bio-Techne Corporation, San Marcos Site, San Marcos, CA 92078, USA
| | - Shelly Barry
- Diagnostic Reagents Division, Bio-Techne Corporation, Devens Site, Devens, MA 01434, USA; (E.T.); (E.F.); (M.H.); (A.R.M.)
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