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Akman E, Sirinzade H, Ozguven SY, Dilek E, Suzen S. Enzyme inhibitory potential of some indole Schiff bases on acetylcholinesterase and human carbonic anhydrase isoforms I and II enzymes: an in vitro and molecular docking study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37861657 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2266500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the in vitro effects of some indole Schiff bases on acetylcholinesterase and human carbonic anhydrase isoforms I and II were investigated. A series of N-methylindole hydrazide/hydrazone derivatives (1a-1t) were tested on these enzymes. The interactions of the synthesized indole derivatives with target enzymes were studied by molecular docking methodology. The results revealed that indole derivative Schiff base compounds inhibited the enzymes significantly. Ki values for hCAI isoenzyme were determined to be in the range of 36.18 ± 3.07-224.29 ± 5.78 nM; for the hCAII isoenzyme in the range of 31.30 ± 2.63-201.64 ± 7.25 nM; for acetylcholinesterase in the range of 6.82 ± 0.72-110.30 ± 9.26 nM. Compared to the control compound Acetazolamide (AZA), 1k and 1p were found to have the best inhibitory effect for hCAI; 1p was found to be the best inhibitory effect for hCAII. Compared to the control compound Tacrine (TAC), 1s showed the best inhibitory effect for AChE. In vitro results were verified with the results obtained by docking studies and interactions with enzymes were demonstrated.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Akman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Hanif Sirinzade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Serap Yilmaz Ozguven
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Esra Dilek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Sibel Suzen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Singh S, Mandal MK, Masih A, Saha A, Ghosh SK, Bhat HR, Singh UP. 1,3,5-Triazine: A versatile pharmacophore with diverse biological activities. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2000363. [PMID: 33760298 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
1,3,5-Triazine and its derivatives have been the epicenter of chemotherapeutic molecules due to their effective biological activities, such as antibacterial, fungicidal, antimalarial, anticancer, antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiamoebic, and antitubercular activities. The present review represents a summarized report of the crucial biological activities possessed by substituted 1,3,5-triazine derivatives, with special attention to the most potent compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Singh
- Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology, and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Milan K Mandal
- Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology, and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anup Masih
- Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology, and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashmita Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Surajit K Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Hans R Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Udaya P Singh
- Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology, and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Camadan Y, Çiçek B, Adem Ş, Çalişir Ü, Akkemik E. Investigation of in vitro and in silico effects of some novel carbazole Schiff bases on human carbonic anhydrase isoforms I and II. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:6965-6973. [PMID: 33645441 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1892527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC4.2.1.1) are metalloenzymes that catalyse reversible hydration reaction of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and protons. In recent years, there has been a great interest in inhibitors/activators of carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes. Therefore, we investigated the effects of four different carbazole Schiff base derivatives, which are believed to have a potential to be used as a drug, on human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) isoenzymes I and II under in vitro conditions. The IC50 values of carbazole Schiff base derivatives were found to be in the range of 32.09-151.2 μM for hCA isoenzyme I and 21.82-40.54 μM for hCA isoenzyme II. Among all compounds, (E)-3-(((9-Octyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl)imino)methyl)benzene-1,2-diol (C3) had the strongest inhibitory effect on hCA isoenzyme II. It was determined that 2,3,4-trimethoxy and 4-hydroxy phenyl containing carbazole compounds have selective inhibition against hCA II isoenzyme. Docking studies were performed against hCA I and II receptors using induced-fit docking method. The compounds had affinity scores varying from -7.74 ± 0.27 to -6.27 ± 0.07 kcal/mol for hCA I and from -8.04 ± 0.17 to -7.27 ± 0.18 kcal/mol for hCA II.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Camadan
- Vocational School of Health Services, Artvin Coruh University, Artvin, Turkey
| | - Baki Çiçek
- Faculty Arts and Sciences, Chemistry Department, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Şevki Adem
- Faculty Arts and Sciences, Chemistry Department, Cankiri Karatekin University, Cankiri, Turkey
| | - Ümit Çalişir
- Science and Technology Research and Application Center, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Ebru Akkemik
- Science and Technology Research and Application Center, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey.,Faculty of Engineering, Food Engineering, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
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Shirinzadeh H, Dilek E. Synthesis, characterization and biological activity evaluation of novel naphthalenylmethylen hydrazine derivatives as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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5
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Güzel E, Koçyiğit ÜM, Taslimi P, Gülçin İ, Erkan S, Nebioğlu M, Arslan BS, Şişman İ. Phthalocyanine complexes with (4-isopropylbenzyl)oxy substituents: preparation and evaluation of anti-carbonic anhydrase, anticholinesterase enzymes and molecular docking studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:733-741. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1818623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emre Güzel
- Department of Fundamental Sciences, Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Ümit M. Koçyiğit
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Parham Taslimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Bartın University, Bartın, Turkey
| | - İlhami Gülçin
- Department of Chemistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sultan Erkan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Yıldızeli Vocational School, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Nebioğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Barış S. Arslan
- Department of Chemistry, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - İlkay Şişman
- Department of Chemistry, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhushan Fu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuhua Xi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Mert S, Alım Z, İşgör MM, Anıl B, Kasımoğulları R, Beydemir Ş. Novel pyrazole-3,4-dicarboxamides bearing biologically active sulfonamide moiety as potential carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Caglayan C, Taslimi P, Türk C, Kandemir FM, Demir Y, Gulcin İ. Purification and characterization of the carbonic anhydrase enzyme from horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) muscle and the impact of some metal ions and pesticides on enzyme activity. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 226:108605. [PMID: 31422160 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the total carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzyme was purified from horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) muscle with a specific activity of 23,063.93 EU/mg, purification fold of 551.08, total activity of 1522.22 EU/mL and a yield of 18.50% using sulfanilamide affinity column chromatography. For obtaining the subunit molecular mass and enzyme purity, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) for this part was performed and a single band was clearly recorded. The molecular mass of this enzyme was found approximately 35 kDa. The optimum temperature and pH values were obtained from Arrhenius plot. In addition, the inhibitory effects of different heavy metal ions (Fe2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Pb2+ Hg2+ and As3+) and some pesticides (thiram, clofentezine, propineb, deltamethrin, azoxystrobin and thiophanate) on horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) muscle tissue CA enzyme activities were investigated by utilizing esterase assay activity. The used metal ions and pesticides had IC50 values in the range of 0.21-13.84 mM and 3.78-70.58 mM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuneyt Caglayan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bingol University, 12000 Bingol, Turkey
| | - Parham Taslimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Bartin University, 74100 Bartin, Turkey.
| | - Cebrahil Türk
- Department of Fisheries, Genç Vocational School, Bingol University, 12500 Bingol, Turkey
| | - Fatih Mehmet Kandemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Demir
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School, Ardahan University, 75700 Ardahan, Turkey
| | - İlhami Gulcin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
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Abd-Elhakim YM, El Bohi KM, El Sharkawy NI, Ghali MA, Haseeb S. The impacts of individual and combined exposure to cadmium and lead on intraocular pressure, electroretinography, and residual changes in the rabbit eyes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:33321-33328. [PMID: 31520382 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06446-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The human eye is very vulnerable to various environmental pollutants. Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are widely spread heavy metals. The goal of the existing study is to explore the impact of single or joint exposure to Cd and Pb on the eye indicators. In this study, male New Zealand white rabbits were treated orally for 30 days with Cd (5 mg Cd Cl2/kg bw) associated or not with Pb (12.5 mg lead acetate/kg bw). Fundus and slit lamp examinations, electroretinography (ERG), intraocular pressure (IOP), Cd and Pb residues, and the histopathological picture of the eye were studied. The results revealed that the oral dosing of Cd or Pb evoked a significant (p < 0.05) decline in a- and b-wave amplitudes, under scotopic conditions, and IOP values. Single Pb or Cd treatment showed a significant (p < 0.001) increase in their residues in the whole eye tissue of the Pb- or Cd-treated group. Eye structures of Cd- or Pb-intoxicated rabbit showed mild degenerated changes of cornea and sclera tissues with the presence of irregular variably sized eosinophilic droplets in the lens. Notably, the simultaneous exposure to Cd and Pb leads to an antagonistic outcome in all of the estimated parameters. These findings concluded that oral exposure to Cd or Pb could significantly disturb the vision but their joint exposure caused an opposing effect on nearly all of these disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmina M Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Khlood M El Bohi
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nabela I El Sharkawy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Manar A Ghali
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sarah Haseeb
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Ahmad S, Mahmood R. Mercury chloride toxicity in human erythrocytes: enhanced generation of ROS and RNS, hemoglobin oxidation, impaired antioxidant power, and inhibition of plasma membrane redox system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:5645-5657. [PMID: 30612358 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-04062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mercury is among the most toxic heavy metals and a widespread environmental pollutant. Mercury chloride (HgCl2) is an inorganic compound of mercury which is easily absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and then enters the blood where it can interact with erythrocytes. In this study, the effect of HgCl2 on human erythrocytes was studied under in vitro conditions. Erythrocytes were treated with different concentrations of HgCl2 (1-100 μM) for 1 h at 37 °C. Cell lysates were prepared and assayed for several biochemical parameters. HgCl2 treatment resulted in oxidation of ferrous iron of hemoglobin to ferric form giving methemoglobin which is inactive as an oxygen transporter. However, the activity of methemoglobin reductase was increased. Hemoglobin oxidation was accompanied by heme degradation and the release of free iron. Protein oxidation was greatly increased with a simultaneous decrease in free amino and sulfhydryl groups and glutathione content. The antioxidant power of HgCl2-treated erythrocytes was impaired resulting in lowered metal reducing and free radical quenching ability of these cells. This suggests that HgCl2 induces oxidative stress in human erythrocytes. This was confirmed when superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrite, and nitric oxide generation were found to be dose-dependently increased in HgCl2-treated erythrocytes. Glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway, the two major pathways of glucose metabolism in erythrocytes, were also inhibited. HgCl2 treatment also inhibited the plasma membrane redox system while the activities of AMP deaminase and glyoxalase-I were increased. These results show that HgCl2 induces oxidative and nitrosative stress, oxidizes hemoglobin, impairs the antioxidant defense mechanism, and alters metabolic pathways in human erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahbaz Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., 202002, India
| | - Riaz Mahmood
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P., 202002, India.
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Kuzu M, Çomaklı V, Akkemik E, Çiftci M, Küfrevioğlu Öİ. Inhibitory properties of some heavy metals on carbonic anhydrase I and II isozymes activities purified from Van Lake fish (Chalcalburnus Tarichi) gill. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:1119-1125. [PMID: 29629489 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0499-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, CA I and II isoenzymes were purified from Van Lake fish gills by using Sepharose-4B-L-tyrosine-sulfanilamide affinity chromatography and to determine the effects of some metals on the enzyme activities. For purified CA I isoenzyme, yield, specific activity, and purification fold were obtained as 42.07%, 4948.12 EU/mg protein, and 116.61 and for CA II isoenzyme, 7%, 1798.56 EU/mg protein, and 42.38 respectively. Activity of CA was determined by measuring "CO2-hydratase activity". Purity control was checked by SDS-PAGE. In vitro inhibitory effect of Cu2+, Ag+, Cd2+, Ni2+ metal ions, and arsenic (V) oxide were also examined for both isozymes activities. Whereas Cu2+, Ag+, Cd2+, and Ni2+ ions showed inhibitory effects on both isozymes, arsenic (V) oxide showed activation effect. IC50 values were calculated by drawing activity %-[I] graphs for metal ions exhibiting inhibitory effects. IC50 values were determined as 3.39, 6.38, 13.52, and 206 μM for CA I isozyme and 6.16, 20.29, 46, and 223 μM for CA II isozyme respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Müslüm Kuzu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen, 04100, Ağrı, Turkey.
| | - Veysel Çomaklı
- School of Healthy, University of Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen, 04100, Ağrı, Turkey
| | - Ebru Akkemik
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Siirt University, 56100, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Çiftci
- Faculty of Science and Letters, Bingöl University, 12000, Bingöl, Turkey
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Koksal Z, Kalin R, Gulcin I, Ozdemir H. Inhibitory effects of selected pesticides on peroxidases purified by affinity chromatography. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2018.1424197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Koksal
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Kalin
- Faculty of Science, Department of Basic Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ilhami Gulcin
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hasan Ozdemir
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Dilek E, Erol HS, Cakir A, Koc M, Halici MB. Natural product inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase I and II isoenzymes: osajin and pomiferin. Arch Physiol Biochem 2017; 123:219-224. [PMID: 28338341 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1303742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to purify carbonic anhydrase I and II isoenzymes from human erythrocyte, isolate two natural products osajin (OSJ) and pomiferin (PMF) from Maclura pomifera fruits, and evaluate the in vitro effect of these natural metabolites on these isoenzymes. These natural products may be used as starting points for drug discovery (like drugs used in several therapeutic applications, including antiglaucoma activity). For the purification procedure, the Sepharose-4B-l-tyrosine-sulphonamide affinity chromatography was used. Column chromatography and thin layer chromatography methods were used for isolation of OSJ and PMF from M. pomifera fruits and their chemical structures were elucidated by IR, 1D, and 2D NMR methods. We compared inhibitory effects of these natural products with inhibitory effects of phenolic compounds and found that these products demonstrated average inhibition effects. We thought that this study will give inspiration to scientists interested in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Dilek
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry , Erzincan University , Erzincan , Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Serkan Erol
- b Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Biochemistry , Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Ahmet Cakir
- c Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry , Kilis 7 Aralık University , Kilis , Turkey
| | - Murat Koc
- d Animal Production Schools , Bozok University , Yozgat , Turkey
| | - Mesut Bünyami Halici
- b Faculty of Veterinary, Department of Biochemistry , Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey
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Dilek E, Caglar S, Dogancay N, Caglar B, Sahin O, Tabak A. Synthesis, crystal structure, spectroscopy, thermal properties and carbonic anhydrase activities of new metal(II) complexes with mefenamic acid and picoline derivatives. J COORD CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2017.1366996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Esra Dilek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Division of Pharmaceutical Basic Sciences, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Sema Caglar
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Dogancay
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Bulent Caglar
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Onur Sahin
- Sinop University, Scientific and Technological Research Application and Research Center, Sinop, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Tabak
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Sinop University, Sinop, Turkey
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Özaslan MS, Demir Y, Küfrevioğlu OI, Çiftci M. Some metals inhibit the glutathione S-transferase from Van Lake fish gills. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Serhat Özaslan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; Atatürk University; Erzurum 25240 Turkey
| | - Yeliz Demir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; Atatürk University; Erzurum 25240 Turkey
| | - O. Irfan Küfrevioğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; Atatürk University; Erzurum 25240 Turkey
| | - Mehmet Çiftci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences; Bingöl University; Bingöl 12000 Turkey
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Gençer N, Yavuz E. An alternative purification method for human serum paraoxonase 1 and its interaction with methidathion. Arch Physiol Biochem 2017; 123:159-164. [PMID: 28276711 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1279632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an alternative purification method for human Paraoxonase 1 (hPON1) enzyme was developed using two-step procedures, namely ammonium sulphate precipitation and Sepharose-4B-L-tyrosine-1-aminoanthracene hydrophobic interaction chromatography. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the enzyme indicates a single band with an apparent MW of 43 kDa. The enzyme was purified 674-fold with a yield of 16%. Furthermore, we examined the in vitro effect of methidathion on the enzyme activity to understand the better inhibitory properties of the compound. Methidathion is a highly toxic insecticide used to control a broad spectrum of agricultural insect and mite pests. IC50 value was found to be 0.130 mM for the pesticide. Methidathion showed a competitive inhibition with Ki of 0.119 mM for paraoxon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahit Gençer
- a Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Art and Science, Balikesir University , Balikesir , Turkey
| | - Emre Yavuz
- a Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Art and Science, Balikesir University , Balikesir , Turkey
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KUZU M, ÖZKAYA A, ŞAHİN Z, DAĞ Ü, ÇOMAKLI V, DEMİRDAĞ R. In Vivo Effects of Naringenin and Lead on Rat Erythrocyte Carbonic Anhydrase Enzyme. Turk J Pharm Sci 2017; 14:9-12. [PMID: 32454588 PMCID: PMC7227992 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.13008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzyme catalyses the reversible reactions of CO2 with water and takes part in metabolically important events such as systemic acid-base regulation and respiration. In this study, in vivo effects of lead, which is a heavy metal and to which living beings are exposed by different ways, with naringenin, a flavanone, were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS For this purpose, four different rat groups were established and one of them was chosen as the control group. The other three groups were given lead, naringenin and lead+naringenin substances to analyze the changes in the CA enzyme of rat erythrocytes. RESULTS The research findings showed that the enzyme activity in the control group was higher than that in the other groups. The naringenin group showed the highest inhibition effect, while the lead group showed the lowest inhibition. CONCLUSION Therefore, it can be said that naringenin is a strong inhibitor of the CA enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Müslüm KUZU
- Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ağrı, Turkey
| | - Ahmet ÖZKAYA
- Adıyaman University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Zafer ŞAHİN
- Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Konya, Turkey
| | - Üzeyir DAĞ
- Adıyaman University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Veysel ÇOMAKLI
- Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, School of Health, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ağrı, Turkey
| | - Ramazan DEMİRDAĞ
- Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, School of Health, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ağrı, Turkey
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18
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Hogeback J, Schwarzer M, Wehe CA, Sperling M, Karst U. Investigating the adduct formation of organic mercury species with carbonic anhydrase and hemoglobin from human red blood cell hemolysate by means of LC/ESI-TOF-MS and LC/ICP-MS. Metallomics 2016; 8:101-7. [PMID: 26442983 DOI: 10.1039/c5mt00186b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of mercury species with human erythrocytes is studied to investigate possible high molecular binding partners for mercury species. Human blood hemolysate was spiked with methylmercury and investigated by means of liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to electrospray ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (ESI-ToF-MS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Beside adduct formation of mercury species with hemoglobin, the main compound of the erythrocytes, mercury binding to the enzyme carbonic anhydrase was revealed. Due to an enzymatic digest of the protein-mercury adduct, the binding site at the free thiol group of the protein was identified. These results indicate that carbonic anhydrase might play a role in mercury toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Hogeback
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Miriam Schwarzer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Christoph A Wehe
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Michael Sperling
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany. and European Virtual Institute for Speciation Analysis (EVISA), Mendelstr. 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Uwe Karst
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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19
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The Complex Relationship between Metals and Carbonic Anhydrase: New Insights and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17010127. [PMID: 26797606 PMCID: PMC4730368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase is a ubiquitous metalloenzyme, which catalyzes the reversible hydration of CO2 to HCO3− and H+. Metals play a key role in the bioactivity of this metalloenzyme, although their relationships with CA have not been completely clarified to date. The aim of this review is to explore the complexity and multi-aspect nature of these relationships, since metals can be cofactors of CA, but also inhibitors of CA activity and modulators of CA expression. Moreover, this work analyzes new insights and perspectives that allow translating new advances in basic science on the interaction between CA and metals to applications in several fields of research, ranging from biotechnology to environmental sciences.
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20
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Beier EE, Holz JD, Sheu TJ, Puzas JE. Elevated Lifetime Lead Exposure Impedes Osteoclast Activity and Produces an Increase in Bone Mass in Adolescent Mice. Toxicol Sci 2015; 149:277-88. [PMID: 26518054 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The heavy metal lead (Pb) has a deleterious effect on skeletal health. Because bone mass is maintained through a balance of bone formation and resorption, it is important to understand the effect of Pb levels on osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity. Pb exposure is associated with low bone mass in animal models and human populations; however, the correlation between Pb dosing and corresponding bone mass has been poorly explored. Thus, mice were exposed to increasing Pb and at higher levels (500 ppm), there was unexpectedly an increase in femur-tibial bone mass by 3 months of age. This is contrary to several studies alluded to earlier. Increased bone volume (BV) was accompanied by a significant increase in cortical thickness of the femur and trabecular bone that extended beyond the epiphyseal area into the marrow cavity. Subsequent evaluations revealed an increase in osteoclast numbers with high Pb exposure, but a deficiency in osteoclastic activity. These findings were substantiated by observed increases in levels of the resorption-altering hormones calcitonin and estrogen. In addition we found that pro-osteoclastic nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-κB) pathway activity was dose dependently elevated with Pb, both in vivo and in vitro. However, the ability of osteoclasts to resorb bone was depressed in the presence of Pb in media and within test bone wafers. These findings indicate that exposure to high Pb levels disrupts early life bone accrual that may involve a disruption of osteoclast activity. This study accentuates the dose dependent variation in Pb exposure and consequent effects on skeletal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric E Beier
- *Center for Musculoskeletal Research; Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, 14624; and
| | - Jonathan D Holz
- *Center for Musculoskeletal Research; Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, 14624; and Department of Math and Natural Sciences, D'Youville College, Buffalo, New York, 14201
| | | | - J Edward Puzas
- *Center for Musculoskeletal Research; Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, 14624; and
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21
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Demir D, Gencer N, Arslan O. An alternative purification method for human serum paraoxonase 1 and its interactions with anabolic compounds. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015; 31:247-52. [PMID: 25792501 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2015.1018242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, an alternative purification method for human paraoxonase 1 (hPON1) enzyme was developed using two-step procedures, namely, ammonium sulfate precipitation and Sepharose-4B-L-tyrosine-3-aminophenantrene hydrophobic interaction chromatography. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the enzyme indicates a single band with an apparent M(W) of 43 kDa. The enzyme was purified 219-fold with a final specific activity of 4,408,400 U/mg and a yield of 10%. Furthermore, we examined the in vitro effects of some anabolic compounds, such as zeranol, 17 β-estradiol, diethylstilbestrol, oxytocin, and trenbolone on the enzyme activity to understand the better inhibitory properties of these molecules. The five anabolic compounds dose dependently decreased the activity of hPON1 with inhibition constants in the millimolar-micromolar range. The results show that these compounds exhibit inhibitory effects on hPON1 at low concentrations with IC50 values ranging from 0.064 to 16.900 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dudu Demir
- a Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture , Suleyman Demirel University , Isparta , Turkey and
| | - Nahit Gencer
- b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Science , Balikesir University , Balikesir , Turkey
| | - Oktay Arslan
- b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Science , Balikesir University , Balikesir , Turkey
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22
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Kaya ED, Söyüt H, Beydemir Ş. The toxicological impacts of some heavy metals on carbonic anhydrase from gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) gills. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 39:825-832. [PMID: 25769102 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
It is known that heavy metals have toxic effects on fish. Insufficient measures are a serious problem in our country and around the world. This problem can threaten human health in areas where it is common for people to obtain nutrition from local bodies of water. In this study, the toxicological impacts of some heavy metals were investigated on carbonic anhydrase activity in gilthead gills. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) was purified from gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) gills with a specific activity of 2872.92 EU mg(-1) and a yield of 32.84% using affinity chromatography. The overall purification was approximately ∼ 84-fold. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed a single band, and the MW was approximately 30.5 kDa (Soyut et al., 2008, 2012; Soyut and Beydemir, 2008, 2012; Kaya et al., 2013). The kinetic and characteristic properties of CA such as the optimum pH, stable pH, optimum temperature, activation energy (Ea), activation enthalpy (ΔH), Q10, Km and Vmax were determined. Cadmium (Cd(2+)), copper (Cu(2+)), nickel (Ni(2+)) and silver (Ag(+)) inhibited CA activity in in vitro conditions. Ki values were calculated for these metals. Ki values were 31.20mM for cadmium (Cd(2+)), 161.96 mM for copper (Cu(2+)), 10.79 mM for nickel (Ni(2+)) and 0.0082 mM for silver (Ag(+)) based on Lineweaver-Burk plots. Except for cadmium, heavy metals had the same inhibition mechanism. Cadmium was competitive, and the others were noncompetitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Duygu Kaya
- Iğdır University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Iğdır, Turkey
| | - Hakan Söyüt
- Bayburt University, Education Faculty, Department of Primary Education, Bayburt, Turkey.
| | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Erzurum, Turkey.
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23
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Demirdag R, Comakli V, Kuzu M, Yerlikaya E, Şentürk M. Purification and Characterization of Carbonic Anhydrase from Ağrı Balık Lake Trout Gill (Salmo trutta labrax) and Effects of Sulfonamides on Enzyme Activity. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2014; 29:123-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Veysal Comakli
- School of Health; Agri Ibrahim Cecen University; Agri Turkey
| | - Muslum Kuzu
- Faculty of Pharmacy; Agri Ibrahim Cecen University; Agri Turkey
| | | | - Murat Şentürk
- Art and Science Faculty; Agri Ibrahim Cecen University; Chemistry Department; Agri Turkey
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24
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Mercan L, Ekinci D, Supuran CT. Characterization of carbonic anhydrase from Turkish native "Gerze" chicken and influences of metal ions on enzyme activity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2014; 29:773-6. [PMID: 24506207 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2013.855208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Carbonic anhydrase was purified and characterized from erythrocytes of the Turkish native chicken, Gerze, for the first time. The enzyme was purified 57.65-fold with a yield of 52%, and a specific activity of 954.08 U/mg proteins having optimum pH at 8.0; optimum temperature at 30 °C; optimum ionic strength at 10 mM and stable pH at 8.0. The purified enzyme had apparent KM and Vmax values of 0.73 mM and 0.236 μmol × min(-1), respectively. Al(+3), Hg(+2), Cu(+2), Pb(+2), and Cd(+2) showed inhibitory effects on the enzyme. Pb(+2) exhibited the strongest inhibitory action. Cd(+2) and Hg(+2) were moderate inhibitor, whereas Al(+3) and Cu(+2) showed weaker actions. All tested metals inhibited the enzyme in competitive manner. Our findings indicate that these metals inhibit the chicken enzyme in a similar manner to other α-CAs from mammals investigated earlier, but susceptibility to various metals differ between the native chicken and other mammalian enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levent Mercan
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayıs University , Samsun , Turkey and
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25
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Evaluation of Enhanced Thermostability and Operational Stability of Carbonic Anhydrase from Micrococcus Species. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 170:756-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0226-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Comakli V, Akkemik E, Ciftci M, Kufrevioglu OI. Purification and characterization of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) liver and investigation of the effects of some metal ions on enzyme activity. Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 31:403-11. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233713475514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (d-glucose 6-phosphate: NADP+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.49; G6PD) is a key enzyme that is localized in all mammal tissues, especially in cytoplasmic sections and that catalyzes the first step of pentose phosphate metabolic pathway. In this study, G6PD enzyme was purified 1444-fold with a yield of 77% from rainbow trout liver using 2′,5′-ADP-sepharose-4B affinity chromatography. Moreover, a purity check of the enzyme was performed with sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Some characteristic features like optimal pH, stable pH, optimal temperature and optimal ionic strength were determined for the purified enzyme. In addition to this, in vitro effects of ions like silver nitrate (Ag+), thallium sulphate (TI+), cobalt (II) nitrate (Co2+) and arsenic (V) oxide (As5+) on enzyme activity were researched. Half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of Ag+, Co2+ and As5+ metal ions, which showed an inhibitory effect, were found to be 0.0044, 0.084 and 4.058 mM, respectively; and their inhibition constants ( Ki) were found to be 0.0052 ± 0.00042, 0.087 ± 0.015700 and 4.833 ± 1.753207 mM, respectively. Tl+ not exhibited inhibitory effect on the enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veysel Comakli
- Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Health Services Vocational School, Agri, Turkey
| | - Ebru Akkemik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ciftci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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27
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Balseven H, Mustafa İşgör M, Mert S, Alım Z, Beydemir S, Ok S, Kasımoğulları R. Facile synthesis and characterization of novel pyrazole-sulfonamides and their inhibition effects on human carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 21:21-7. [PMID: 23218470 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, a series of pyrazole-sulfonamide derivatives (2-14) were synthesized, characterized, and the inhibition effects of the derivatives on human carbonic anhydrases (hCA I and hCA II) were investigated as in vitro. Structures of these sulfonamides were confirmed by FT-IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR and LC-MS analysis. (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR revealed the tautomeric structures. hCA I and hCA II isozymes were purified from human erythrocytes and inhibitory effects of newly synthesized sulfonamides on esterase activities of these isoenzymes have been studied. The K(i) values of compounds were 0.062-1.278 μM for hCA I and 0.012-0.379 μM for hCA II. The inhibition effects of 7 for hCA I and 4 for hCA II isozymes were almost in nanomolar concentration range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Havva Balseven
- Dumlupinar University, Art and Science Faculty, Department of Chemistry, 43100 Kütahya, Turkey
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28
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Lionetto MG, Caricato R, Giordano ME, Erroi E, Schettino T. Carbonic anhydrase as pollution biomarker: an ancient enzyme with a new use. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2012; 9:3965-77. [PMID: 23202827 PMCID: PMC3524608 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph9113965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of cellular and sub-cellular responses to chemical contaminants (referred to as biomarkers) in living organisms represents a recent tool in environmental monitoring. The review focuses on carbonic anhydrase, a ubiquitous metalloenzyme which plays key roles in a wide variety of physiological processes involving CO(2) and HCO(3)(-). In the last decade a number of studies have demonstrated the sensitivity of this enzyme to pollutants such as heavy metals and organic chemicals in both humans and wildlife. The review analyses these studies and discusses the potentiality of this enzyme as novel biomarker in environmental monitoring and assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giulia Lionetto
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Via prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy.
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29
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Comakli V, Ciftci M, Kufrevioglu OI. Effects of some metal ions on rainbow trout erythrocytes glutathione S-transferase enzyme: an in vitro study. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2012; 28:1261-6. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2012.729829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Veysel Comakli
- Agri Ibrahim Cecen University,
Health Services Vocational School TR-04100, Agri, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ciftci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University,
TR-25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - O. Irfan Kufrevioglu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University,
TR-25240, Erzurum, Turkey
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30
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Erol K, Gençer N, Arslan M, Arslan O. Purification, characterization, and investigation of in vitro inhibition by metals of paraoxonase from different sheep breeds. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 41:125-30. [DOI: 10.3109/10731199.2012.696065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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31
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Koz Ö, Ekinci D, Perrone A, Piacente S, Alankuş-Çalışkan Ö, Bedir E, Supuran CT. Analysis of saponins and phenolic compounds as inhibitors of α-carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2012; 28:412-7. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2011.651464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Koz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ege University,
Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Deniz Ekinci
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayıs University,
Samsun, Turkey
| | - Angela Perrone
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Salerno University,
Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Sonia Piacente
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Salerno University,
Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | | | - Erdal Bedir
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University,
Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Polo Scientifico, Università degli Studi di Firenze,
Florence, Italy
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32
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Demirdağ R, Yerlikaya E, Şentürk M, Küfrevioğlu Öİ, Supuran CT. Heavy metal ion inhibition studies of human, sheep and fish α-carbonic anhydrases. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2011; 28:278-82. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2011.640633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ramazan Demirdağ
- Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, Atatürk University,
Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Emrah Yerlikaya
- Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, Atatürk University,
Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Murat Şentürk
- Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, Atatürk University,
Erzurum, Turkey
- Chemistry Department, Art and Science Faculty, Ağrı Ibrahim Çeçen University,
Ağrı, Turkey
| | | | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Polo Scientifico, Università degli Studi di Firenze,
Polo Scientifico, Florence, Italy
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33
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Kazancıoğlu EA, Güney M, Şentürk M, Supuran CT. Simple methanesulfonates are hydrolyzed by the sulfatase carbonic anhydrase activity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2011; 27:880-5. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2011.637202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Akın Kazancıoğlu
- Department of Chemistry, Art and Science Faculty, Ağrı Ibrahim Çeçen University,
Ağrı, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Atatürk University,
Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Murat Güney
- Department of Chemistry, Art and Science Faculty, Ağrı Ibrahim Çeçen University,
Ağrı, Turkey
| | - Murat Şentürk
- Department of Chemistry, Art and Science Faculty, Ağrı Ibrahim Çeçen University,
Ağrı, Turkey
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Polo Scientifico, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Università degli Studi di Firenze,
Florence, Italy
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34
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Ceyhun SB, Aksakal E, Ekinci D, Erdoğan O, Beydemir Ş. Influence of cobalt and zinc exposure on mRNA expression profiles of metallothionein and cytocrome P450 in rainbow trout. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 144:781-9. [PMID: 21547398 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9068-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The present research aims to evaluate the effects of cobalt and zinc exposure of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on metallothioneins and cytocrome P450. Mature rainbow trouts were exposed to 10 mg/L CoCl(2).6H(2)O and 1 mg/L ZnSO(4).7H(2)O. After 6, 12, 24, and 48 h of treatment, expressions of muscle MT-A, MT-B, and CYP P4501A1 mRNAs were measured by means of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. During the exposure experiments, no mortalities occurred. We observed that expression levels of all genes increased with exposure time. Since the organism has not learned how to completely dispose of heavy metals and tends to bioaccumulate them, our results indicate that cobalt and zinc exposure may result in accumulation of the non-eliminated metals which may lead to fish death.
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35
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Mercan L, Okumuş A, Şentürk M, Ekinci D. In vitro enzymatic response of Turkish native chicken "Gerze" to heavy metal exposure. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2011; 28:52-7. [PMID: 22050592 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2011.627509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) was purified and characterized from the Turkish native chicken, Gerze, erythrocytes for the first time, and some characteristics were investigated. Purification procedure consisted of ammonium sulphate fractionation and affinity chromatography on 29, 59-ADP Sepharose-4B. The enzyme was purified 1063.22-fold with a yield of 43.27% and specific activity of 93.5 EU/mg proteins. Kinetic parameters of the enzyme were determined with glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) as substrate and purified enzyme had an apparent K(M) and V(max) values of 0.222 mM and 0.097 U/ml, respectively. The same parameters were determined with NADP(+) and the K(M) and V(max) values were 0.0603 mM and 0.153 U/ml, respectively. The following metals, Cd(+2), Pb(+2), Hg(+2), Cu(+2), Zn(+2) and Fe(+3) showed inhibitory effects on the enzyme. Cd(+2) and Pb(+2) exhibited the strongest inhibitory action. Hg(+2) and Cu(+2) were moderate inhibitors, whereas Zn(+2) and Fe(+3) showed weaker actions. All tested metals inhibited the enzyme in competitive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levent Mercan
- Ondokuz Mayis University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Samsun, Turkey.
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36
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Demirdag R, Yerlikaya E, Kufrevioglu OI. Purification of carbonic anhydrase-II from sheep liver and inhibitory effects of some heavy metals on enzyme activity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2011; 27:795-9. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2011.615744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ramazan Demirdag
- Ataturk University, Science Faculty, Department of Chemistry,
Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Emrah Yerlikaya
- Ataturk University, Science Faculty, Department of Chemistry,
Erzurum, Turkey
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37
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Söyüt H, Beydemir S. The impact of heavy metals on the activity of carbonic anhydrase from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) kidney. Toxicol Ind Health 2011; 28:296-305. [PMID: 21949088 DOI: 10.1177/0748233711410914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Many environmental and health problems have become a consequence of contamination of soil and water by toxic heavy metals and organic pollutants in the present age of technology. Heavy metals play vital roles in enzyme activities and other metabolic events with their bioaccumulative and nonbiodegradable properties among aquatic pollutants. Metal toxicity causes irregular metallothioneins protein synthesis, renal damage, and disruption of bone structure in humans and wildlife. In this study, we investigated in vitro effects of some metals on chemical-targeted carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzyme from rainbow trout kidney. The enzyme was purified with a specific activity of 17,285 EU × mg(-1) and 31.7% yield and approximately 1800-fold using simple affinity purification method. Molecular weights of the subunit and native enzyme were estimated as 28.7 kDa and 26.9 kDa via sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Sephadex-G 200 column, respectively. Other kinetic properties of the enzyme were determined. Apparent K(m) , V (max) and k (cat) values were 0.40 mM, 0.097 µmol min(-1) and 15.2 s(-1) for p-nitrophenylacetate substrate, respectively. Inhibitory effects of cobalt, zinc, copper, cadmium and silver on CA activity were determined using the esterase method under in vitro conditions. IC(50) and K(i) values were calculated for metals. K(i) values for Co(2+), Zn(2+), Cu(2+), Cd(2+) and Ag(+) were 0.035, 1.2, 34.8, 103 and 257 from Lineweaver-Burk graphs, respectively. Consequently, in vitro inhibition rank order was determined as Co(2+) > Zn(2+) > Cu(2+) > Cd(2+) > Ag(+). The potential inhibitor for CA was found as Co(2+) from these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Söyüt
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Eastern Anatolia, Turkey
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Şentürk M, Alıcı HA, Beydemir Ş, Küfrevioglu Öİ. In vitro and in vivo effects of some benzodiazepine drugs on human and rabbit erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase enzymes. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2011; 27:680-4. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2011.607447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Murat Şentürk
- Ataturk University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry,
Erzurum, Turkey
- Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Chemistry Department,
Ağri, Turkey
| | - Hacı Ahmet Alıcı
- Ataturk University, Medical Faculty, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care,
Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Ataturk University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry,
Erzurum, Turkey
- Ataturk University, Biotechnology Research Center,
Erzurum, Turkey
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Sayın D, Çakır DT, Gençer N, Arslan O. Effects of some metals on paraoxonase activity from shark Scyliorhinus canicula. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2011; 27:595-8. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2011.604320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Demet Sayın
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Art Faculty, Cagis Yerleskesi, Balikesir University,
Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Dilek Türker Çakır
- Department of Biology, Science and Art Faculty, Balikesir University,
Cagis Yerleskesi, Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Nahit Gençer
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Art Faculty, Cagis Yerleskesi, Balikesir University,
Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Oktay Arslan
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Art Faculty, Cagis Yerleskesi, Balikesir University,
Balikesir, Turkey
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Balaydin HT, Durdaği S, Ekinci D, Şentürk M, Göksu S, Menzek A. Inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase isozymes I, II and VI with a series of bisphenol, methoxy and bromophenol compounds. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2011; 27:467-75. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2011.596836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Serdar Durdaği
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Biocomplexity and Informatics, University of Calgary,
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Deniz Ekinci
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University,
Samsun, Turkey
| | - Murat Şentürk
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University,
Agri, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Göksu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University,
Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Menzek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University,
Erzurum, Turkey
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Ceyhun SB, Sentürk M, Yerlikaya E, Erdoğan O, Küfrevioğlu Oİ, Ekinci D. Purification and characterization of carbonic anhydrase from the teleost fish Dicentrarchus labrax (European seabass) liver and toxicological effects of metals on enzyme activity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2011; 32:69-74. [PMID: 21787732 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2011.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (EC 4.2.1.1; CA) was purified and characterized from the liver of the teleost fish Dicentrarchus labrax (European seabass) for the first time. The purification procedure consisted of a single step affinity chromatography on Sepharose 4B-tyrosine-sulfanilamide. The enzyme was purified 78.8-fold with a yield of 46%, and a specific activity of 751.72U/mg proteins. It has an optimum pH at 7.5; an optimum temperature at 25°C; an optimum ionic strength at 10mM and a stable pH at 8.5. The kinetic parameters of this enzyme were determined for its esterase activity, with 4-nitrophenyl acetate (NPA) as substrate and the purified enzyme had an apparent K(M) and V(max) values of 0.44 mM and 0.249 μmolxmin(-1), respectively. The following metals, Al(+3), Cu(+2), Pb(+2), Co(+3), Ag(+1), Zn(+2) and Hg(+2) showed inhibitory effects on the enzyme. Al(+3) and Cu(+2) exhibited the strongest inhibitory action. Pb(+2) was moderate inhibitor, whereas other metals showed weaker actions. All tested metals inhibited the enzyme in a competitive manner. Our findings indicate that these metals inhibit the fish enzyme in a similar manner to other α-CAs from mammals investigated earlier, but the susceptibility to various metals differ between the fish and mammalian enzymes. Our results also demonstrate that these metals might be dangerous at low micromolar concentrations for fish CA enzymes.
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Şentürk M, Ekinci D, Göksu S, Supuran CT. Effects of dopaminergic compounds on carbonic anhydrase isozymes I, II, and VI. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2011; 27:365-9. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2011.591290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Murat Şentürk
- Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Science and Art Faculty, Chemistry Department,
Ağrı, Turkey
| | - Deniz Ekinci
- Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Enzyme and Microbial Biotechnology Division,
Samsun, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Göksu
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry,
Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica,
Via della Lastruccia, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
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Ceyhun SB, Aksakal E, Kırım B, Atabeyoğlu K, Erdoğan O. Chronic toxicity of pesticides to the mRNA expression levels of metallothioneins and cytochrome P450 1A genes in rainbow trout. Toxicol Ind Health 2011; 28:162-9. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233711409482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The hazardous effects of pesticides on various metabolic pathways are a great problem for environmental health and should be well determined. In the present study, the authors treated rainbow trout with 0.6 μg/L deltamethrin for 28 days and 1.6 mg/L 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate for 21 days. After this time period, the authors observed alterations in mRNA expression levels of MT-A, MT-B and CYP-1A. Chronic exposure to low levels of pesticides may have a more significant effect on fish populations than acute poisoning. While both pesticides caused a significant increase on mRNA levels of MT-A and CYP-1A, MT-B mRNA levels were increased significantly only upon deltamethin administration. The significant increase in mRNA levels of the corresponding genes may be considered as a defence mechanism in addition to the antioxidants against oxidative stress, as well as a detoxification mechanism against adverse effects of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saltuk Buğrahan Ceyhun
- Hınıs Vocational Training School, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
- Biotechnology Application and Research Center, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ercüment Aksakal
- Agriculture Faculty, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Birsen Kırım
- Agriculture Faculty, Department of Aquaculture Engineering, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Kübra Atabeyoğlu
- Agriculture Faculty, Aquaculture Department, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Orhan Erdoğan
- Biotechnology Application and Research Center, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
- Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Balaydın HT, Soyut H, Ekinci D, Göksu S, Beydemir S, Menzek A, Sahin E. Synthesis and carbonic anhydrase inhibitory properties of novel bromophenols including natural products. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2011; 27:43-50. [PMID: 21635211 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2011.574131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
(2-Bromo-3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methanone (10) and its derivatives with Br, one dibromide and isomeric three tribromides, were synthesized. Demethylation of these compounds afforded a series of new bromophenols. Inhibition of human cytosolic carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II) isozyme by these new bromophenols and naturally occurring 3,4,6-tribromo-5-(2,5-dibromo-3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)benzene-1,2-diol (3), and 5,5'-methylenebis(3,4,6-tribromo-benzene-1,2-diol) (4) was investigated. The synthesized compounds showed carbonic anhydrase inhibitory capacities with IC(50) values in the range of 0.7-372 μM against hCA II. Some bromophenols investigated here showed effective hCA II inhibitory activity and might be used as leads for generating novel carbonic anhydrase inhibitors which are valuable drug candidates for the treatment of glaucoma, epilepsy, gastric and duodenal ulcers, neurological disorders, or osteoporosis.
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In vitro inhibition of α-carbonic anhydrase isozymes by some phenolic compounds. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:4259-62. [PMID: 21669522 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) are a class of pharmaceuticals used as antiglaucoma agents, diuretics, antiepileptics, in the management of mountain sickness, gastric and duodenal ulcers, neurological disorders or osteoporosis. We report here the inhibitory capacities of some phenolic compounds against three human CA isozymes (hCA I, hCA II, and hCA VI) and the gill carbonic anhydrase of the teleost fish Dicentrarchus labrax (European seabass) (dCA). The isozymes showed quite diverse inhibition profiles with these compounds. These data may lead to design novel CAIs with a diverse inhibition mechanism compared to sulfonamide/sulfamate inhibitors.
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Ekinci D, Ceyhun SB, Aksakal E, Erdoğan O. IGF and GH mRNA levels are suppressed upon exposure to micromolar concentrations of cobalt and zinc in rainbow trout white muscle. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2011; 153:336-41. [PMID: 21167956 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2010.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the effects of cobalt and zinc exposure of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on insulin like growth factors (IGF) and growth hormone (GH). Mature rainbow trouts were exposed to 0.42, 2.1, 4.2, 21 and 42μmol/L Co(2+) (added as CoCl(2)·6H(2)O) and 0.34, 1.7, 3.4, 17 and 34μmol/L Zn(2+) (added as ZnSO(4)i·7H(2)O). After 6, 12, 24 and 48h of treatment, expressions of white muscle IGF-I, IGF-II and GH mRNAs were measured by means of quantitative Real Time PCR. During the exposure experiments, no mortalities occurred. The most effective metal concentrations, which caused significant alterations, were determined to be 42μmol/L Co(2+) (10mg CoCl(2)·6H(2)O/L) and 3.4μmol/L Zn(+2) (1mg ZnSO(4)·7H(2)O/L). The following results were obtained for these concentrations. Expression of IGF-I did not change at 6h in zinc treatment while the decrease (p<0.05) was observed at 12h and 24h, and this decrease became stronger at 48h. Cobalt exposure caused a decrease in IGF-I mRNA level at 6h, 12h, 24h and 48h (p<0.05). Both zinc and cobalt exposure resulted in significant decreases in GH expression at 6h. Exposure of trout to Zn resulted in a decrease in expression of IGF-II starting from 6h whereas the significant decrease started at 6h in cobalt exposure and this decrease elevated at 24h. The results indicate that micromolar cobalt and zinc exposure causes significant attenuation in the expressions of these three genes' time dependently. Our findings show that IGF-I is the most resistant and GH is the most sensitive component against cobalt and zinc exposure. We conclude that IGF/GH axis might be strongly affected by the short term exposure to low micromolar concentrations of zinc and cobalt due to alterations of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Ekinci
- Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, 55139, Samsun, Turkey.
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Sentürk M, Gülçin I, Beydemir S, Küfrevioğlu Oİ, Supuran CT. In Vitro inhibition of human carbonic anhydrase I and II isozymes with natural phenolic compounds. Chem Biol Drug Des 2011; 77:494-9. [PMID: 21332948 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01104.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of two human cytosolic carbonic anhydrase (hCA, EC 4.2.1.1) isozymes I and II with some natural phenolic derivatives was investigated using the esterase assay with 4-nitrophenyl acetate as substrate. Resveratrol, catechin, silymarin, dobutamin, and curcumin showed K(I) values in the range of 4.47-9.47 mm for hCA I and of 2.86-7.44 μm against hCA II, respectively. These natural product phenols were generally competitive inhibitors with 4-nitrophenylacetate as substrate. Some natural phenols investigated here showed effective hCA II inhibitory effects, in the same range as the clinically used sulfonamide acetazolamide, and might be used as leads for generating enzyme inhibitors possibly targeting other CA isoforms that have not been yet assayed for their interactions with such agents.
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Synthesis and characterization of a novel amino salicylato salt and its Cu(II) complex and their inhibition studies on carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes. Polyhedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2010.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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50
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Ekinci D, Ceyhun SB, Şentürk M, Erdem D, Küfrevioğlu Öİ, Supuran CT. Characterization and anions inhibition studies of an α-carbonic anhydrase from the teleost fish Dicentrarchus labrax. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:744-8. [PMID: 21211980 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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