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Faggal SI, El-Dash Y, Sonousi A, Abdou AM, Hassan RA. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel thiazole derivatives as PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitors. RSC Med Chem 2024:d4md00462k. [PMID: 39345714 PMCID: PMC11427869 DOI: 10.1039/d4md00462k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of anticancer drugs targeting both PI3K and mTOR pathways is recognized as a promising cancer therapeutic approach. In the current study, we designed and synthesized seventeen new thiazole compounds to investigate their effect on both PI3K and mTOR as well as their anti-apoptotic activity. All the synthesized thiazoles were investigated for their antiproliferative activity on a panel of 60 different cancer cell lines at the National Cancer Institute. Compounds 3b and 3e were selected for further investigation at five dose concentrations due to their effective growth inhibiting activity. Compounds 3b and 3e were further evaluated for their in vitro inhibitory activities against PI3Kα and mTOR compared to alpelisib and dactolisib, respectively as reference drugs. The inhibitory effect of compound 3b on PI3Kα was similar to alpelisib, but it showed weaker inhibitory activity on mTOR compared to dactolisib. Moreover, compound 3b exhibited significantly higher inhibitory activity compared to compound 3e against both PI3Kα and mTOR. The cell cycle analysis showed that compounds 3b and 3e induced G0-G1 phase cell cycle arrest in the leukemia HL-60(TB) cell line. Meanwhile, they significantly increased the total apoptotic activity which was supported by an increase in the level of caspase-3 in leukemia HL-60(TB) cell lines. Molecular docking experiments provided additional explanation for these results by demonstrating the ability of these derivatives to form a network of key interactions, known to be essential for PI3Kα/mTOR inhibitors. All these experimental results suggested that 3b and 3e are potential PI3Kα/mTOR dual inhibitors and could be considered promising lead compounds for the development of anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar I Faggal
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Kasr El-Aini Street Cairo 11562 Egypt
| | - Yara El-Dash
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Kasr El-Aini Street Cairo 11562 Egypt
| | - Amr Sonousi
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Kasr El-Aini Street Cairo 11562 Egypt
- University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation New Administrative Capital Cairo Egypt
| | - Amr M Abdou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Research Centre Dokki, Giza 12622 Egypt
| | - Rasha A Hassan
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Kasr El-Aini Street Cairo 11562 Egypt
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2
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Umar M, Rehman Y, Ambreen S, Mumtaz SM, Shaququzzaman M, Alam MM, Ali R. Innovative approaches to Alzheimer's therapy: Harnessing the power of heterocycles, oxidative stress management, and nanomaterial drug delivery system. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 97:102298. [PMID: 38604453 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) presents a complex pathology involving amyloidogenic proteolysis, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cholinergic deficits. Oxidative stress exacerbates AD progression through pathways like macromolecular peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and metal ion redox potential alteration linked to amyloid-beta (Aβ). Despite limited approved medications, heterocyclic compounds have emerged as promising candidates in AD drug discovery. This review highlights recent advancements in synthetic heterocyclic compounds targeting oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation in AD. Additionally, it explores the potential of nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems to overcome challenges in AD treatment. Nanoparticles with heterocyclic scaffolds, like polysorbate 80-coated PLGA and Resveratrol-loaded nano-selenium, show improved brain transport and efficacy. Micellar CAPE and Melatonin-loaded nano-capsules exhibit enhanced antioxidant properties, while a tetra hydroacridine derivative (CHDA) combined with nano-radiogold particles demonstrates promising acetylcholinesterase inhibition without toxicity. This comprehensive review underscores the potential of nanotechnology-driven drug delivery for optimizing the therapeutic outcomes of novel synthetic heterocyclic compounds in AD management. Furthermore, the inclusion of various promising heterocyclic compounds with detailed ADMET (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity) data provides valuable insights for planning the development of novel drug delivery treatments for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Umar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Yasir Rehman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Subiya Ambreen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Sayed Md Mumtaz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohd Shaququzzaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohammad Mumtaz Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Ruhi Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi 110017, India.
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3
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Cieślak M, Danel T, Krzysztyńska-Kuleta O, Kalinowska-Tłuścik J. Machine learning accelerates pharmacophore-based virtual screening of MAO inhibitors. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8228. [PMID: 38589405 PMCID: PMC11369158 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, an efficient and robust virtual screening procedure is crucial in the drug discovery process, especially when performed on large and chemically diverse databases. Virtual screening methods, like molecular docking and classic QSAR models, are limited in their ability to handle vast numbers of compounds and to learn from scarce data, respectively. In this study, we introduce a universal methodology that uses a machine learning-based approach to predict docking scores without the need for time-consuming molecular docking procedures. The developed protocol yielded 1000 times faster binding energy predictions than classical docking-based screening. The proposed predictive model learns from docking results, allowing users to choose their preferred docking software without relying on insufficient and incoherent experimental activity data. The methodology described employs multiple types of molecular fingerprints and descriptors to construct an ensemble model that further reduces prediction errors and is capable of delivering highly precise docking score values for monoamine oxidase ligands, enabling faster identification of promising compounds. An extensive pharmacophore-constrained screening of the ZINC database resulted in a selection of 24 compounds that were synthesized and evaluated for their biological activity. A preliminary screen discovered weak inhibitors of MAO-A with a percentage efficiency index close to a known drug at the lowest tested concentration. The approach presented here can be successfully applied to other biological targets as target-specific knowledge is not incorporated at the screening phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Cieślak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Małopolska, Poland.
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Prof. S. Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Małopolska, Poland.
- Computational Chemistry Department, Selvita, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Kraków, Małopolska, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Danel
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Kraków, Małopolska, Poland
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Prof. S. Łojasiewicza 6, 30-348, Kraków, Małopolska, Poland
| | - Olga Krzysztyńska-Kuleta
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, Selvita, Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Kraków, Małopolska, Poland
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4
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Bhawna, Kumar S, Kumar P, Kumar A. Correlation intensity index-index of ideality of correlation: A hyphenated target function for furtherance of MAO-B inhibitory activity assessment. Comput Biol Chem 2024; 108:107975. [PMID: 37950961 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2023.107975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidases are the enzymes involved in the management of brain homeostasis through oxidative deamination of monoamines such as neurotransmitters, tyramine etc. The excessive production of monoamine oxidase-B specifically results in numerous neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Inhibitors of monoamine oxidase-B are applied in the management of these disorders. Here in this article we have developed robust hybrid descriptor based QSAR models related to 123 monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors through CORAL software by means of Monte Carlo optimization method. Three target functions were applied to prepare QSAR models and three splits were made for each target function. The most reliable, robust and better predictive QSAR models were developed with TF3 (correlation intensity index -index of ideality of correlation). Correlation intensity index showed positive effect on QSAR models. The structural features obtained from the QSAR modeling were incorporated in newly designed molecules and exhibited positive effect on their endpoint. Significant binding interactions were represented by these molecules in docking studies. Molecule B5 displayed prominent pIC50 (8.3) and binding affinity (-11.5 kcal mol-1) towards monoamine oxidase-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Parvin Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India.
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Abstract
Proper elucidation of drug-target interaction is one of the most significant steps at the early stages of the drug development research. Computer-aided drug design tools have substantial contribution to this stage. In this chapter, we specifically concentrate on the computational methods widely used to develop reversible inhibitors for monoamine oxidase (MAO) isozymes. In this context, current computational techniques in identifying the best drug candidates showing high potency are discussed. The protocols of structure-based drug design methodologies, namely, molecular docking, in silico screening, and molecular dynamics simulations, are presented. Employing case studies of safinamide binding to MAO B, we demonstrate how to use AutoDock 4.2.6 and NAMD software packages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Yelekçi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Kadir Has University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Safiye Sağ Erdem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Synthesis of Novel Aminothiazole Derivatives as Promising Antiviral, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Candidates. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147688. [PMID: 35887038 PMCID: PMC9319503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-known that thiazole derivatives are usually found in lead structures, which demonstrate a wide range of pharmacological effects. The aim of this research was to explore the antiviral, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of novel, substituted thiazole compounds and to find potential agents that could have biological activities in one single biomolecule. A series of novel aminothiazoles were synthesized, and their biological activity was characterized. The obtained results were compared with those of the standard antiviral, antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer agents. The compound bearing 4-cianophenyl substituent in the thiazole ring demonstrated the highest cytotoxic properties by decreasing the A549 viability to 87.2%. The compound bearing 4-trifluoromethylphenyl substituent in the thiazole ring showed significant antiviral activity against the PR8 influenza A strain, which was comparable to the oseltamivir and amantadine. Novel compounds with 4-chlorophenyl, 4-trifluoromethylphenyl, phenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, and 4-cianophenyl substituents in the thiazole ring demonstrated antioxidant activity by DPPH, reducing power, FRAP methods, and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis bacteria. These data demonstrate that substituted aminothiazole derivatives are promising scaffolds for further optimization and development of new compounds with potential influenza A-targeted antiviral activity. Study results could demonstrate that structure optimization of novel aminothiazole compounds may be useful in the prevention of reactive oxygen species and developing new specifically targeted antioxidant and antibacterial agents.
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Noriega S, Cardoso-Ortiz J, López-Luna A, Cuevas-Flores MDR, Flores De La Torre JA. The Diverse Biological Activity of Recently Synthesized Nitro Compounds. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:717. [PMID: 35745635 PMCID: PMC9230682 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for new and efficient pharmaceuticals is a constant struggle for medicinal chemists. New substances are needed in order to treat different pathologies affecting the health of humans and animals, and these new compounds should be safe, effective and have the fewest side effects possible. Some functional groups are known for having biological activity; in this matter, the nitro group (NO2) is an efficient scaffold when synthesizing new bioactive molecules. Nitro compounds display a wide spectrum of activities that include antineoplastic, antibiotic, antihypertensive, antiparasitic, tranquilizers and even herbicides, among many others. Most nitro molecules exhibit antimicrobial activity, and several of the compounds mentioned in this review may be further studied as lead compounds for the treatment of H. pylori, P. aeruginosa, M. tuberculosis and S. mutans infections, among others. The NO2 moiety triggers redox reactions within cells causing toxicity and the posterior death of microorganisms, not only bacteria but also multicellular organisms such as parasites. The same effect may be present in humans as well, so the nitro groups can be considered both a pharmacophore and a toxicophore at the same time. The role of the nitro group itself also has a deep effect on the polarity and electronic properties of the resulting molecules, and hence favors interactions with some amino acids in proteins. For these reasons, it is fundamental to analyze the recently synthesized nitro molecules that show any potential activity in order to develop new pharmacological treatments that enhance human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaime Cardoso-Ortiz
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (S.N.); (A.L.-L.); (M.D.R.C.-F.); (J.A.F.D.L.T.)
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8
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Santiago C, Jiménez-Aberasturi X, Leicea E, Lete MG, Sotomayor N, Lete E. Microwave-assisted palladium catalysed C-H acylation with aldehydes: synthesis and diversification of 3-acylthiophenes. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:852-861. [PMID: 35001098 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02176a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of MW allows the efficient palladium(II)-catalysed C-3 acylation of thiophenes with aldehydes via C(sp2)-H activation for the synthesis of (cyclo)alkyl/aryl thienyl ketones (43 examples). Compared to standard thermal conditions, the use of MW reduces the reaction time (15 to 30 min vs. 1 to 3 hours), leading to improved yields of the ketones (up to 92%). The control of positional selectivity is achieved by 2-pyridinyl and 2-pyrimidyl ortho-directing groups at C-2 of the thiophene scaffold. To show the synthetic applicability, selected ketones were subjected to further transformations, including intramolecular reactions to directly embed the directing group in the core structure of the new molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Santiago
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, Apdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Xabier Jiménez-Aberasturi
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, Apdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Eztizen Leicea
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, Apdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Marta G Lete
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, Derio 48170, Spain
| | - Nuria Sotomayor
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, Apdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Esther Lete
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, Apdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
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9
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Evren AE, Nuha D, Dawbaa S, Sağlık BN, Yurttaş L. Synthesis of novel thiazolyl hydrazone derivatives as potent dual monoamine oxidase-aromatase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 229:114097. [PMID: 34998057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The inhibitory effects of 2-thiazolyl hydrazones on monoamine oxidase enzymes are known for a long time. In this study, a new series of 2-thiazolyl hydrazone derivatives were synthesized starting from 6-methoxy-2-naphthaldehyde. All of the synthesized compounds were investigated in terms of their monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitory effects and significant results were found. The results showed that compound 2j potently inhibited MAO-A and MAO-B, while compound 2t strongly and selectively inhibited MAO-B compared to standard drugs. Compounds 2k and 2q exhibited selective and satisfying inhibition on MAO-B. In the aromatase inhibition studies of the compounds, it was determined that compounds 2q and 2u had high inhibitory properties. Molecular docking studies on MAO-A, MAO-B, and aromatase enzymes were carried out for the aforementioned compounds. Additionally, molecular dynamics simulation was studied for compound 2q on MAO-B and aromatase complexes. Finally, the Field-based QSAR study was developed and the structure-activity relationship (SAR) was explained. For the first time, dual inhibitors on MAO and aromatase enzyme were investigated together. The aim of this approach is for finding the potential agents that do not cause the cognitive disorders and may even treat neurodegenerative symptoms, thus, the aim was reached successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaf Evrim Evren
- Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey; Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Pharmacy Services, 11000, Bilecik, Turkey.
| | - Demokrat Nuha
- Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey; Eskisehir Technical University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 26555, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Sam Dawbaa
- Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
| | - Begüm Nurpelin Sağlık
- Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Leyla Yurttaş
- Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey
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Osmaniye D, Alaşan R, Sağlık BN, Levent S, Özkay Y, Kaplancıklı ZA. Novel thiazolyl-hydrazone derivatives including piperazine ring: synthesis, in vitro evaluation, and molecular docking as selective MAO-A inhibitor. Z NATURFORSCH C 2021; 77:167-175. [PMID: 34674410 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2021-0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
MAO-A inhibitors are used in the treatment of depression. There are many studies showing that the thiazolyl-hydrazone structure is a pharmacophore structure for the MAO enzyme. In previous studies by our team, activity studies were carried out with thiazolyl-hydrazone derivatives containing pyrrolidine, morpholine, and piperazine. All of them were displayed MAO-A selective inhibition profile. Additionally, derivatives containing piperazine ring were most active. For this purpose, thiazolyl-hydrazone derivatives containing piperazine were synthesized, but this time an active group, formyl group, was added to the piperazine ring as a substituent. Based on this view, new thiazolyl-hydrazone compounds were synthesized, characterized, and screened for their hMAO-A and hMAO-B inhibitory activity by an in vitro fluorometric method. The structure of the compound was tried to be fully elucidated using 2D NMR technique. The compound including 2,4-dimethyl substituent (3i) were found to be the most effective agents in the series against MAO-A enzyme with the IC50 value of 0.080 ± 0.003 µM. The docking study of compound 3i revealed that there is a strong interaction between the active sites of hMAO-A and analyzed compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Osmaniye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir26470, Turkey.,Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir26470, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Alaşan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir26470, Turkey
| | - Begüm Nurpelin Sağlık
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir26470, Turkey.,Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir26470, Turkey
| | - Serkan Levent
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir26470, Turkey.,Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir26470, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Özkay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir26470, Turkey.,Doping and Narcotic Compounds Analysis Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir26470, Turkey
| | - Zafer Asım Kaplancıklı
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir26470, Turkey
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Ullah R, Ali G, Subhan F, Khan A, Ahsan Halim S, Naveed M, Kalsoom S, Al-Harrasi A. Attenuation of spatial memory in 5xFAD mice by targeting cholinesterases, oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling using 2-(hydroxyl-(2-nitrophenyl)methyl)cyclopentanone. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 100:108083. [PMID: 34478946 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is classified pathologically as a progressive neurological disorder associated with memory decline. The study was designed to assess the underlying molecular signaling involved in the neuroprotective effect of the 2-(hydroxyl-(2-nitrophenyl)methyl)cyclopentanone (2NCP) as a novel therapeutic agent for AD. In this connection, in vitro cholinesterases inhibitory and antioxidant activities were investigated. In vivo studies were carried out on a well-known 5xFAD mice model in different behavioural models such as light/dark box,balance beam, rotarod, elevated plus maze (EPM),novel object recognition (NOR), paddling Y-maze, and Morris water maze (MWM) tests. Hippocampus (HC) and frontal cortex (FC) homogenates were examined for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activities, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals, glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione (GSH), and catalase. Further, we examined the expression of inflammatory cytokines and Nrf2 in the HC and FC through RT-PCR. Computational studies were conducted to predict the binding mode of the 2NCP with target sites of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and cholinesterases. The findings of in vitro assays revealed that the IC50 values of the 2NCP against AChE and BChE were 17 and 23 µg/ml respectively. DPPH antioxidant assay displayed an IC50 value for the 2NCP was 62 µg/ml. Whereas, theex vivo study depicted that the activities of AChE and BChEwere significantly reduced. Moreover, free radicals load, GSH level, catalase and GST activities were significantly declined. Furthermore, in vivostudies showed that the 2NCP treated animals exhibited gradual memory improvement and improved motor functions. RT-PCR study revealed that mRNA levels of the inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) were significantly reduced, while the expression of antioxidant Nrf2 was significantly increased.The molecular docking studies further confirmed that the 2NCP showed excellent binding affinities for NF-κB and cholinesterases. Taken together, the 2NCP improves spatial memory and learning, short- and long-term memory,markedly inhibits cholinesterases, reduced neuroinflammation, and mitigated oxidative stress in the 5xFAD mice; hence the 2NCP may be a potential candidate for the management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahim Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Gowhar Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan; The Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurosciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Tarry Building, Room 13-715, 300 East Superior St., Chicago, IL 60611, United States.
| | - Fazal Subhan
- Department of Pharmacy, CECOS University of Science and technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Sobia Ahsan Halim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saima Kalsoom
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences (CIRBS), International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
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12
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Ullah R, Ali G, Khan A, Ahmad S, Al-Harrasi A. Cyclopentanone Derivative Attenuates Memory Impairment by Inhibiting Amyloid Plaques Formation in the 5xFAD Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9559. [PMID: 34502467 PMCID: PMC8430684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder. This study was designed to investigate the effects of cyclopentanone derivative i.e., 2-(hydroxyl-(3-nitrophenyl)methyl)cyclopentanone (3NCP) on behavior, amyloid β (Aβ) plaque deposition, and βAPP cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE-1) expression in the 5xFAD mouse brain. In this study, computational studies were conducted to predict the binding mode of the 3NCP with target sites of the β-secretase. In vivo studies were performed on the 5xFAD mice model of AD using different behavioral test models like light/dark box, elevated plus maze (EPM), and the Barnes maze tests for the assessment of anxiety, spatial learning and memory. The thioflavin-S staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and RT-PCR studies were carried out to find the effect of the 3NCP on the β-amyloid plaques formation and BACE-1 expression. The results of the computational studies showed that the 3NCP has excellent binding affinities for beta-secretase. The light/dark box study depicted that the 3NCP does not cause anxiety. The 3NCP treatment effects in the EPM and Barnes maze tests showed a significant effect on learning and memory. Furthermore, the results of the thioflavin staining and IHC revealed that the 3NCP significantly reduced the formation of the beta-amyloid plaques in brain tissues. Moreover, the RT-PCR study showed that 3NCP significantly reduced the BACE-1 expression in the brain. Conclusively, the results of the current study demonstrate that the 3NCP may be a potential candidate for AD treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahim Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Gowhar Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Oman;
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan;
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Oman;
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13
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Araškov JB, Nikolić M, Armaković S, Armaković S, Rodić M, Višnjevac A, Padrón JM, Todorović TR, Filipović NR. Structural, antioxidant, antiproliferative and in‒silico study of pyridine-based hydrazonyl‒selenazoles and their sulphur isosteres. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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14
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Sasidharan R, Eom BH, Heo JH, Park JE, Abdelgawad MA, Musa A, Gambacorta N, Nicolotti O, Manju SL, Mathew B, Kim H. Morpholine-based chalcones as dual-acting monoamine oxidase-B and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: synthesis and biochemical investigations. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:188-197. [PMID: 33430657 PMCID: PMC7808749 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1842390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nine compounds (MO1–MO9) containing the morpholine moiety were assessed for their inhibitory activities against monoamine oxidases (MAOs) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Most of the compounds potently inhibited MAO-B; MO1 most potently inhibited with an IC50 value of 0.030 µM, followed by MO7 (0.25 µM). MO5 most potently inhibited AChE (IC50 = 6.1 µM), followed by MO9 (IC50 = 12.01 µM) and MO7 most potently inhibited MAO-A (IC50 = 7.1 µM). MO1 was a reversible mixed-type inhibitor of MAO-B (Ki = 0.018 µM); MO5 reversibly competitively inhibited AChE (Ki = 2.52 µM); and MO9 reversibly noncompetitively inhibited AChE (Ki = 7.04 µM). MO1, MO5 and MO9 crossed the blood–brain barrier, and were non-toxic to normal VERO cells. These results show that MO1 is a selective inhibitor of MAO-B and that MO5 is a dual-acting inhibitor of AChE and MAO-B, and that both should be considered candidates for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rani Sasidharan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Government T.D. Medical College, Alappuzha, India.,Organic Chemistry Division, SAS, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - Bo Hyun Eom
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Heo
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Eun Park
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohamed A Abdelgawad
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.,Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Arafa Musa
- Department of Pharmacogonosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacogonosy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nicola Gambacorta
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Orazio Nicolotti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | | | - Bijo Mathew
- Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ahalia School of Pharmacy, Palakkad, India
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
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15
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Cruz-Vicente P, Passarinha LA, Silvestre S, Gallardo E. Recent Developments in New Therapeutic Agents against Alzheimer and Parkinson Diseases: In-Silico Approaches. Molecules 2021; 26:2193. [PMID: 33920326 PMCID: PMC8069930 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (ND), including Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD), are becoming increasingly more common and are recognized as a social problem in modern societies. These disorders are characterized by a progressive neurodegeneration and are considered one of the main causes of disability and mortality worldwide. Currently, there is no existing cure for AD nor PD and the clinically used drugs aim only at symptomatic relief, and are not capable of stopping neurodegeneration. Over the last years, several drug candidates reached clinical trials phases, but they were suspended, mainly because of the unsatisfactory pharmacological benefits. Recently, the number of compounds developed using in silico approaches has been increasing at a promising rate, mainly evaluating the affinity for several macromolecular targets and applying filters to exclude compounds with potentially unfavorable pharmacokinetics. Thus, in this review, an overview of the current therapeutics in use for these two ND, the main targets in drug development, and the primary studies published in the last five years that used in silico approaches to design novel drug candidates for AD and PD treatment will be presented. In addition, future perspectives for the treatment of these ND will also be briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Cruz-Vicente
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal;
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Luís A. Passarinha
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal;
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Laboratory of Pharmaco-Toxicology—UBIMedical, University of Beira Interior, 6200-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Samuel Silvestre
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal;
- Laboratory of Pharmaco-Toxicology—UBIMedical, University of Beira Interior, 6200-001 Covilhã, Portugal
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eugenia Gallardo
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal;
- Laboratory of Pharmaco-Toxicology—UBIMedical, University of Beira Interior, 6200-001 Covilhã, Portugal
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16
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Hammoudi NEH, Sobhi W, Attoui A, Lemaoui T, Erto A, Benguerba Y. In silico drug discovery of Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase enzymes inhibitors based on Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) and drug-likeness evaluation. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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17
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Sharma P, Singh M, Mathew B. An Update of Synthetic Approaches and Structure‐Activity Relationships of Various Classes of Human MAO‐B Inhibitors. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy Chitkara University Punjab India
| | - Manjinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy Chitkara University Punjab India
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus Kochi 682 041 India
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18
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Mathew B, Carradori S, Guglielmi P, Uddin MS, Kim H. New Aspects of Monoamine Oxidase B Inhibitors: The Key Role of Halogens to Open the Golden Door. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:266-283. [PMID: 31965939 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200121165931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A large plethora of drugs and promising lead compounds contain halogens in their structures. The introduction of such moieties strongly modulates their physical-chemical features as well as pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile. The most important outcome was shown to be the ability of these halogens to favourably influence the drug-target interaction and energetic stability within the active site by the establishment of halogen bonds. This review attempted to demonstrate the key role exerted by these versatile moieties when correctly located in an organic scaffold to display Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) inhibition and selectivity towards the B isoform of this important enzyme. Human MAOs are well-recognized as therapeutic targets for mood disorders and neurodegenerative diseases and medicinal chemists were prompted to discover the structural requirements crucial to discriminate the slight differences between the active sits of the two isoforms (MAO-A and MAOB). The analysis of the structure-activity relationships of the most important scaffolds (hydrazothiazoles, coumarins, chromones, chalcones, pyrazolines) and the impact of halogen (F, Cl, Br and I) insertion on this biological activity and isozyme selectivity have been reported being a source of inspiration for the medicinal chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi-682 041, India
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66100, Italy
| | - Paolo Guglielmi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
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19
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Anastassova N, Aluani D, Kostadinov A, Rangelov M, Todorova N, Hristova-Avakumova N, Argirova M, Lumov N, Kondeva-Burdina M, Tzankova V, Yancheva D. Evaluation of the combined activity of benzimidazole arylhydrazones as new anti-Parkinsonian agents: monoamine oxidase-B inhibition, neuroprotection and oxidative stress modulation. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2299-2309. [PMID: 33818516 PMCID: PMC8354139 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.309843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroprotective drugs and selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors can slow down the progression and improve symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Since there is an implication of oxidative stress in the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease, the compounds possessing an ability to reduce the oxidative stress are prime candidates for neuroprotection. Thereby our current study is focused on the development of new multi-target PD drugs capable of inhibiting the activity of monoamine oxidase-B while exerting neuroprotective and antioxidant properties. A small series of benzimidazole derivatives containing hydroxy and methoxy arylhydrazone fragments has been synthesized and the neurotoxicity of the compounds has been evaluated in vitro on neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and on isolated rat brain synaptosomes by measuring the cell viability and the levels of reduced glutathione and a good safety profile has been shown. The 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy substituted arylhydrazone 7 was the least toxic on neuronal SH-SY5Y cells and showed the lowest neurotoxicity in rat brain synaptosomes. The neuroprotective properties of the test compounds were further assessed using two models: H2O2 -induced oxidative stress on SH-SY5Y cells and 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity in rat brain synaptosomes. Compound 7 showed more pronounced neuroprotective activity on SH-SY5Y cells, compared to the referent melatonin and rasagiline. It also preserved the synaptosomal viability and the reduced glutathione levels; the effects were stronger than those of rasagiline and comparable to melatonin. All the tested compounds were capable to inhibit human monoamine oxidase-B enzyme to a significant extent, however, compound 7 exerted the most prominent inhibitory activity, similar to selegiline and rasagiline. The carried out molecular docking studies revealed that the activity is related to the appropriate molecular structure enabling the ligand to enter deeper in the narrow and highly lipophylic active site pocket of the human monoamine oxidase-B and has a favoring interaction with the key amino acid residues Tyr326 and Cys172. Since much scientific evidence points out the implication of iron dyshomeostasis in PD, the compounds were tested to reduce the ferrous iron induced oxidative molecular damage on biologically important molecules in an in vitro lecithin containing model system. All the investigated compounds denoted protection effect, stronger than the one of the referent melatonin. In order to support the assignments of the significant neuroprotective and antioxidant pharmacological activities, the radical-scavenging mechanisms of the most promising compound 7 were evaluated using DFT methods. It was found that the most probable free radicals scavenging mechanism in nonpolar phase is the hydrogen atom transfer from the amide group of compound 7, while in polar medium the process is expected to occur by a proton transfer. The current study outlines a perspective leading structure, bearing the potential for a new anti-PD drug. All performed procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care Committee of the Medical University of Sofia (Bulgarian Agency for Food Safety with Permission № 190, approved on February 6, 2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Anastassova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Denitsa Aluani
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Anton Kostadinov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Miroslav Rangelov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nadezhda Todorova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nadya Hristova-Avakumova
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Argirova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolay Lumov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Magdalena Kondeva-Burdina
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Virginia Tzankova
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Denitsa Yancheva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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20
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Al-Rashood ST, Hamed AR, Hassan GS, Alkahtani HM, Almehizia AA, Alharbi A, Al-Sanea MM, Eldehna WM. Antitumor properties of certain spirooxindoles towards hepatocellular carcinoma endowed with antioxidant activity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:831-839. [PMID: 32208781 PMCID: PMC7144320 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1743281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current medical era, spirooxindole motif stands out as a privileged heterospirocyclic scaffold that represents the core for a wide range of bioactive naturally isolated products (such as Strychnofoline and spirotryprostatins A and B) and synthetic compounds. Interestingly, no much attention has been paid to develop spirooxindole derivatives with dual antioxidant and anticancer activities. In this context, a series of spirooxindoles 6a-p was examined for their anticancer effect towards HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma and PC-3 prostate cancer cell lines. Spirooxindole 6a was found to be an efficient anti-proliferative agent towards both HepG2 and PC-3 cells (IC50 = 6.9 and 11.8 µM, respectively). Afterwards, spirooxindole 6a was assessed for its apoptosis induction potential in HepG2 cells, where its pro-apoptotic impact was approved via the significant elevation in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and the expression levels of caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara T. Al-Rashood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed R. Hamed
- Department of Chemistry of Medicinal Plants, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
- Biology Unit, Central Laboratory of the Pharmaceutical & Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Ghada S. Hassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hamad M. Alkahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A. Almehizia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Alharbi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad M. Al-Sanea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wagdy M. Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
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21
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Jin CF, Wang ZZ, Chen KZ, Xu TF, Hao GF. Computational Fragment-Based Design Facilitates Discovery of Potent and Selective Monoamine Oxidase-B (MAO-B) Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2020; 63:15021-15036. [PMID: 33210537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Inhibition of monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B), which is mainly found in the glial cells of the brain, may lead to an elevated level of dopamine (DA) in patients. MAO-B inhibitors have been used extensively for patients with PD. However, the discovery of the selective MAO-B inhibitor is still a challenge. In this study, a computational strategy was designed for the rapid discovery of selective MAO-B inhibitors. A series of (S)-2-(benzylamino)propanamide derivatives were designed. In vitro biological evaluations revealed that (S)-1-(4-((3-fluorobenzyl)oxy)benzyl)azetidine-2-carboxamide (C3) was more potent and selective than safinamide, a promising drug for regulating MAO-B. Further studies revealed that the selectivity mechanism of C3 was due to the steric clash caused by the residue difference of Phe208 (MAO-A) and Ile199 (MAO-B). Animal studies showed that compound C3 could inhibit cerebral MAO-B activity and alleviate 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced dopaminergic neuronal loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Fei Jin
- Sunshine Lake Pharma Co. Ltd., Shenzhen 518000; HEC Pharm Group, HEC Research and Development Center, Dongguan 523871, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Kang-Zhi Chen
- Sunshine Lake Pharma Co. Ltd., Shenzhen 518000; HEC Pharm Group, HEC Research and Development Center, Dongguan 523871, P. R. China
| | - Teng-Fei Xu
- Sunshine Lake Pharma Co. Ltd., Shenzhen 518000; HEC Pharm Group, HEC Research and Development Center, Dongguan 523871, P. R. China
| | - Ge-Fei Hao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Research and Development Center for Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
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22
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Musa MA, Badisa VLD, Aghimien MO, Eyunni SVK, Latinwo LM. Identification of 7,8-dihydroxy-3-phenylcoumarin as a reversible monoamine oxidase enzyme inhibitor. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 35:e22651. [PMID: 33085988 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We herein report the biological evaluation of 3-arylcoumarin derivatives (3a-l) as potential human monoamine oxidase-A and -B (hMAO-A and hMAO-B) inhibitors. The result indicated that 7,8-dihydroxy-3-(4-nitrophenyl)coumarin (3j) was most effective against MAO-A (inhibition concentration [IC50 ] = 6.46 ± 0.02 µM) and MAO-B (IC50 = 3.8 ± 0.3 µM) enzymes than other synthesized compounds and reference compounds (pargyline and moclobemide). Furthermore, compound (3j) showed (a) nonselectivity against hMAO enzymes, (b) reversible hMAO enzymes inhibition, and (c) neuroprotection against H2 O2 -treated human neuroblastoma (N2a) cells. Finally, a molecular modeling study revealed that the hMAO enzymes inhibitory activity of the compound (3j) may be due to the orientation where the nitro (NO2 ) group lies deep into the receptor and the phenyl ring directed toward flavin adenosine dinucleotide via hydrogen bond interaction, and possible π-π interaction with various important residues. Thus, the results of the present study demonstrate that compound (3j) can be considered as a promising scaffold for the development of hMAO-A and hMAO-B inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musiliyu A Musa
- Department of Chemistry, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Veera L D Badisa
- School of the Environment, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Monica O Aghimien
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Suresh V K Eyunni
- Department of Chemistry, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida.,College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Lekan M Latinwo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida
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23
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Ullah R, Ali G, Ahmad N, Akram M, Kumari G, Amin MU, Umar MN. Attenuation of Spatial Memory in 5xFAD Mice by Halting Cholinesterases, Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation Using a Cyclopentanone Derivative. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E318. [PMID: 33086500 PMCID: PMC7603158 DOI: 10.3390/ph13100318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible and chronic neurological disorder that gradually destroys memory and thinking skills. The research study was designed to investigate the underlying molecular signaling involved in the neuroprotective effects of cyclopentanone derivative i.e., 2-(hydroxyl-(3-nitrophenyl)methyl)cyclopentanone (3NCP) as a therapeutic agent for AD. In this study, In vivo studies were carried out on a well-known 5xFAD mice model using different behavioural test models such as open field, rotarod, Morris water maze (MWM), and Y-maze tests. Furthermore, in vitro cholinesterase inhibition activity assays were carried out. The frontal cortex (FC) and hippocampus (HC) homogenates were tested for the levels/activities of cholinesterases, glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and catalase. Furthermore, the hippocampal expression of inflammatory cytokines was observed via RT-PCR and western blot. The results of in vivo studies show an enhancement in the learning behavior. The 3NCP treatment reduced latency time in MWM and Y-maze tests, also increase spontaneous alternation indicate significant effect of 3NCP on memory. Furthermore, open field and rotarod studies revealed that 3NCP does not cause motor coordination deficit. The results of the in vitro studies revealed that the IC50 values of the 3NCP against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) were 16.17 and 20.51 µg/mL, respectively. This decline in AChE and BChE was further supported by ex vivo studies. Further, the 3NCP mitigates the GSH level, GST, and catalase activities in HC and FC. The mRNA and protein expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) markedly declined in RT-PCR and western blotting. The results of the current study conclusively demonstrate that 3NCP reduces oxidative stress and mitigates neuroinflammation in 5xFAD mice, implying that 3NCP may be a potential therapeutic candidate for AD treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahim Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Gowhar Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Nisar Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Pakistan, Pasrur Road, Sialkot 51310, Punjab, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan; (M.A.); (G.K.)
| | - Geeta Kumari
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan; (M.A.); (G.K.)
| | - Muhammad Usman Amin
- Department of Pharmacy, Abasyn University, Ring Road, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Naveed Umar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18000, Dir (L), KPK, Pakistan;
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24
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Chalcones: Unearthing their therapeutic possibility as monoamine oxidase B inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 205:112650. [PMID: 32920430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the last years the continuous efforts in the development of novel and effective inhibitors of human monoamine oxidases (hMAOs) promoted the discovery of new agents able to effectively and selectively bound one of the two isoforms (hMAO-A and hMAO-B). However, the parent chalcone scaffold still covers an important role in hMAOs inhibition. In the present work, we focused our attention on the researches performed in the last five years, involving chalcones or compounds that can be correlated to them. We classified the chalcones into different groups depending on their structural characteristics or common molecular properties. In this regard, we also considered chalcones based on heterocycles and compounds endowed with scaffolds containing a masked chalcone motif. When structural attributes could not be used, we took advantage of enzymatic activity to arrange compounds in a group. We followed this approach for the multitarget agents. Finally, we also analysed the naturally occurring chalcones. All the sections were discussed exhaustively and the structure-activity relationship (SAR) analyses were sustained by means of detailed images describing the effects related to the substituents or structural changes.
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25
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Preparation, characterization of some transition metal complexes of hydrazone derivatives and their antibacterial and antioxidant activities. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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26
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Khan MU, Siddiqui S, Khan WA, Siddiqui ZN. Efficient reduction of graphene oxide to graphene nanosheets using a silica-based ionic liquid: synthesis, characterization and catalytic properties of IMD-Si/FeCl4−@GNS. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj05768d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquid-modified graphene nanosheets (IMD-Si/FeCl4−@GNS) have been synthesized as efficient catalysts for the synthesis of (E)-selective thiosemicarbazones.
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27
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Cai R, Wang LN, Fan JJ, Geng SQ, Liu YM. New 4-N-phenylaminoquinoline derivatives as antioxidant, metal chelating and cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer’s disease. Bioorg Chem 2019; 93:103328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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28
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Rosada B, Bekier A, Cytarska J, Płaziński W, Zavyalova O, Sikora A, Dzitko K, Łączkowski KZ. Benzo[b]thiophene-thiazoles as potent anti-Toxoplasma gondii agents: Design, synthesis, tyrosinase/tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitors, molecular docking study, and antioxidant activity. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 184:111765. [PMID: 31629163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis and investigation of anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity of novel thiazoles containing benzo [b]thiophene moiety are presented. Among the derivatives, compound 3k with adamantyl group shows exceptionally high potency against Me49 strain with IC50 (8.74 μM) value which is significantly lower than the activity of trimethoprim (IC50 39.23 μM). In addition, compounds 3a, 3b and 3k showed significant activity against RH strain (IC50 51.88-83.49 μM). The results of the cytotoxicity evaluation showed that Toxoplasma gondii growth was inhibited at non-cytotoxic concentrations for the mammalian L929 fibroblast (CC30 ∼ 880 μM). The most active compound 3k showed tyrosinase inhibition effect, with IC50 value of 328.5 μM. The binding energies calculated for compounds 3a-3e, 3k are strongly correlated with the experimentally determined values of tyrosinase inhibition activity. Moreover, the binding energies corresponding to the same ligands and calculated for both tyrosinase and tyrosine hydroxylase are also correlated with each other, suggesting that tyrosinase inhibitors may also have an inhibitory effect on tyrosine hydroxylase. Compounds 3j and 3k have also very strong antioxidant activity (IC50 15.9 and 15.5 μM), respectively, which is ten times higher than well-known antioxidant BHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Rosada
- Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, 85-089, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Adrian Bekier
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Cytarska
- Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, 85-089, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Płaziński
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239, Cracow, Poland
| | - Olga Zavyalova
- Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, 85-089, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Adam Sikora
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, 85-089, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dzitko
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Z Łączkowski
- Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, 85-089, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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29
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Guglielmi P, Secci D, Petzer A, Bagetta D, Chimenti P, Rotondi G, Ferrante C, Recinella L, Leone S, Alcaro S, Zengin G, Petzer JP, Ortuso F, Carradori S. Benzo[ b]tiophen-3-ol derivatives as effective inhibitors of human monoamine oxidase: design, synthesis, and biological activity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:1511-1525. [PMID: 31422706 PMCID: PMC6713090 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1653864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of benzo[b]thiophen-3-ols were synthesised and investigated as potential human monoamine oxidase (hMAO) inhibitors in vitro as well as ex vivo in rat cortex synaptosomes by means of evaluation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid/dopamine (DOPAC/DA) ratio and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. Most of these compounds possessed high selectivity for the MAO-B isoform and a discrete antioxidant and chelating potential. Molecular docking studies of all the compounds underscored potential binding site interactions suitable for MAO inhibition activity, and suggested structural requirements to further improve the activity of this scaffold by chemical modification of the aryl substituents. Starting from this heterocyclic nucleus, novel lead compounds for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease could be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Guglielmi
- a Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Daniela Secci
- a Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Anél Petzer
- b Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University , Potchefstroom , South Africa
| | - Donatella Bagetta
- c Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Viale Europa Loc. Germaneto , Catanzaro , Italy.,d Net4Science Academic Spin-Off, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Viale Europa Loc. Germaneto, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Paola Chimenti
- a Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Giulia Rotondi
- a Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Claudio Ferrante
- e Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | - Lucia Recinella
- e Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | - Sheila Leone
- e Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- c Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Viale Europa Loc. Germaneto , Catanzaro , Italy.,d Net4Science Academic Spin-Off, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Viale Europa Loc. Germaneto, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- f Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University , Konya , Turkey
| | - Jacobus P Petzer
- b Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University , Potchefstroom , South Africa
| | - Francesco Ortuso
- c Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Viale Europa Loc. Germaneto , Catanzaro , Italy.,d Net4Science Academic Spin-Off, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Viale Europa Loc. Germaneto, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- e Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
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30
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Di Paolo ML, Christodoulou MS, Calogero AM, Pinzi L, Rastelli G, Passarella D, Cappelletti G, Dalla Via L. 2-Phenyloxazole-4-carboxamide as a Scaffold for Selective Inhibition of Human Monoamine Oxidase B. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1641-1652. [PMID: 31322823 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2-phenyloxazoles bearing an amide group at position 4 were designed and synthesized for evaluation as potential inhibitors of human recombinant monoamine oxidases (hrMAOs). Results of kinetics experiments demonstrated that all compounds behave as competitive MAO inhibitors, with good selectivity toward the MAO-B isoform. The most potent and selective derivatives are characterized by inhibition constant (Ki ) values in the sub-micromolar range and a good selectivity index (Ki MAO-A /Ki MAO-B >50). Some derivatives were also found to be able to inhibit MAO activity in nerve growth factor (NGF)-differentiated PC12 cells, taken as a model of neuronal cells. In particular, 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-N-phenyloxazole-4-carboxamide (compound 4 a) may be a promising new scaffold, exerting the highest selectivity and inhibitory effect toward MAOs in NGF-differentiated PC12 cell lysates, without compromising cell viability. Molecular docking analysis allowed a rationalization of the experimentally observed binding affinity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Di Paolo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via G. Colombo 3, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Michael S Christodoulou
- DISFARM, Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica "A. Marchesini", Università degli Studi di Milano, via Venezian 21, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra M Calogero
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Pinzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulio Rastelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Daniele Passarella
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via C. Golgi 19, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Graziella Cappelletti
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Lisa Dalla Via
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
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31
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Guglielmi P, Carradori S, Ammazzalorso A, Secci D. Novel approaches to the discovery of selective human monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors: is there room for improvement? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:995-1035. [PMID: 31268358 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1637415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Selective monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitors are currently used as coadjuvants for the treatment of early motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease. They can, based on their chemical structure and mechanism of inhibition, be categorized into reversible and irreversible agents. Areas covered: This review provides a comprehensive update on the development state of selective MAO-B inhibitors describing the results, structures, structure-activity relationships (SARs) and Medicinal chemistry strategies as well as the related shortcomings over the past five years. Expert opinion: Researchers have explored and implemented new and old chemical scaffolds achieving high inhibitory potencies and isoform selectivity. Most of them were characterized and proposed as multitarget agents able to act at different levels (including AChE inhibition, H3R or A2AR antagonism, antioxidant and chelating properties, Aβ1-42 aggregation reduction) in the network of aetiologies of neurodegenerative disorders. These results can also be used to avoid 'cheese-reaction' effects and the occurrence of serotonergic syndrome in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Guglielmi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome , Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | | | - Daniela Secci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma , Rome , Italy
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32
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Marconi GD, Gallorini M, Carradori S, Guglielmi P, Cataldi A, Zara S. The Up-Regulation of Oxidative Stress as a Potential Mechanism of Novel MAO-B Inhibitors for Glioblastoma Treatment. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24102005. [PMID: 31130597 PMCID: PMC6572653 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24102005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are malignant brain tumors characterized by rapid spread and growth into neighboring tissues and graded I–IV by the World Health Organization. Glioblastoma is the fastest growing and most devastating IV glioma. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the biological effects of two potent and selective Monoamine Oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors, Cmp3 and Cmp5, in C6 glioma cells and in CTX/TNA2 astrocytes in terms of cell proliferation, apoptosis occurrence, inflammatory events and cell migration. These compounds decrease C6 glioma cells viability sparing normal astrocytes. Cell cycle analysis, the Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (MMP) and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production were detected, revealing that Cmp3 and Cmp5 induce a G1 or G2/M cell cycle arrest, as well as a MMP depolarization and an overproduction of ROS; moreover, they inhibit the expression level of inducible nitric oxide synthase 2, thus contributing to fatal drug-induced oxidative stress. Cmp5 notably reduces glioma cell migration via down-regulating Matrix Metalloproteinases 2 and 9. This study demonstrated that our novel MAO-B inhibitors increase the oxidative stress level resulting in a cell cycle arrest and markedly reduces glioma cells migration thus reinforcing the hypothesis of a critical role-played by MAO-B in mediating oncogenesis in high-grade gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guya Diletta Marconi
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Marialucia Gallorini
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Paolo Guglielmi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Amelia Cataldi
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Susi Zara
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
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