1
|
De Luca V, Giovannuzzi S, Capasso C, Supuran CT. Cloning, expression, and purification of an α-carbonic anhydrase from Toxoplasma gondii to unveil its kinetic parameters and anion inhibition profile. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2346523. [PMID: 38847581 PMCID: PMC11163988 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2024.2346523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis, induced by the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii, holds considerable implications for global health. While treatment options primarily focusing on folate pathway enzymes have notable limitations, current research endeavours concentrate on pinpointing specific metabolic pathways vital for parasite survival. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) have emerged as potential drug targets due to their role in fundamental reactions critical for various protozoan metabolic processes. Within T. gondii, the Carbonic Anhydrase-Related Protein (TgCA_RP) plays a pivotal role in rhoptry biogenesis. Notably, α-CA (TcCA) from another protozoan, Trypanosoma cruzi, exhibited considerable susceptibility to classical CA inhibitors (CAIs) such as anions, sulphonamides, thiols, and hydroxamates. Here, the recombinant DNA technology was employed to synthesise and clone the identified gene in the T. gondii genome, which encodes an α-CA protein (Tg_CA), with the purpose of heterologously overexpressing its corresponding protein. Tg_CA kinetic constants were determined, and its inhibition patterns explored with inorganic metal-complexing compounds, which are relevant for rational compound design. The significance of this study lies in the potential development of innovative therapeutic strategies that disrupt the vital metabolic pathways crucial for T. gondii survival and virulence. This research may lead to the development of targeted treatments, offering new approaches to manage toxoplasmosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viviana De Luca
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Naples, Italy
| | - Simone Giovannuzzi
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abdoli M, Bonardi A, Gratteri P, Supuran CT, Žalubovskis R. Synthesis, carbonic anhydrase inhibition studies and modelling investigations of phthalimide-hydantoin hybrids. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2335927. [PMID: 38606915 PMCID: PMC11018007 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2024.2335927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
A novel series of hydantoins incorporating phthalimides has been synthesised by condensation of activated phthalimides with 1-aminohydantoin and investigated for their inhibitory activity against a panel of human (h) carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1): the cytosolic isoforms hCA I, hCA II, and hCA VII, secreted isoform hCA VI, and the transmembrane hCA IX, by a stopped-flow CO2 hydrase assay. Although all newly developed compounds were totally inactive on hCA I and mainly ineffective towards hCA II, they generally exhibited moderate repressing effects on hCA VI, VII, and IX with KIs values in the submicromolar to micromolar ranges. The salts 3a and 3b, followed by derivative 5, displayed the best inhibitory activity of all the evaluated compounds and their binding mode was proposed in silico. These compounds can also be considered interesting starting points for the development of novel pharmacophores for this class of enzyme inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Abdoli
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Alessandro Bonardi
- Department NEUROFARBA – Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
- Department of NEUROFARBA – Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Paola Gratteri
- Department NEUROFARBA – Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA – Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Raivis Žalubovskis
- Institute of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Supuran CT. Fighting antibacterial drug resistance. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2024; 34:397-400. [PMID: 38866729 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2024.2367940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Supuran CT. Novel carbonic anhydrase inhibitors for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2024; 33:523-532. [PMID: 38517734 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2024.2334714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Helicobacter pylori, the causative agent of peptic ulcer, gastritis, and gastric cancer encodes two carbonic anhydrases (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) belonging to the α- and β-class (HpCAα/β), which have been validated as antibacterial drug targets. Acetazolamide and ethoxzolamide were also clinically used for the management of peptic ulcer. AREAS COVERED Sulfonamides were the most investigated HpCAα/β compounds, with several low nanomolar inhibitors identified, some of which also crystallized as adducts with HpCAα, allowing for the rationalization of the structure-activity relationship. Few data are available for other classes of inhibitors, such as phenols, sulfamides, sulfamates, dithiocarbamates, arylboronic acids, some of which showed effective in vitro inhibition and for phenols, also inhibition of planktonic growth, biofilm formation, and outer membrane vesicles spawning. EXPERT OPINION Several recent drug design studies reported selenazoles incorporating seleno/telluro-ethers attached to benzenesulfonamides, hybrids incorporating the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib and benzenesulfonamides, showing KIs < 100 nM against HpCAα and MICs in the range of 8-16 µg/mL for the most active derivatives. Few drug design studies for non-sulfonamide inhibitors were performed to date, although inhibition of these enzymes may help the fight of multidrug resistance to classical antibiotics which emerged in the last decades also for this bacterium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lv Q, Zhang J, Cai J, Chen L, Liang J, Zhang T, Lin J, Chen R, Zhang Z, Guo P, Hong Y, Pan L, Ji H. Design, synthesis and mechanism study of coumarin-sulfonamide derivatives as carbonic anhydrase IX inhibitors with anticancer activity. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 393:110947. [PMID: 38479716 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
In this study, twenty-nine coumarin-3-sulfonamide derivatives, twenty-seven of which are original were designed and synthesized. Cytotoxicity assay indicated that most of these derivatives exhibited moderated to good potency against A549 cells. Among them, compound 8q showed potent inhibition against the four tested cancer cell lines, especially A549 cells with IC50 value of 6.01 ± 0.81 μM, and much lower cytotoxicity on the normal cells was observed compared to the reference compounds. Bioinformatics analysis revealed human carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) was highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and associated with poor prognosis. The inhibitory activity of compound 8q against CAIX was assessed by using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations, which revealed prominent interactions of both compound 8q and CAIX at the active site and their high affinity. The results of ELISA assays verified that compound 8q possessed strong inhibitory activity against CAIX and high subtype selectivity, and could also down-regulate the expression of CAIX in A549 cells. Furthermore, the significant inhibitory effects of compound 8q on the migration and invasion of A549 cells were also found. After treatment with compound 8q, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels increased and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) decreased. Mechanistic investigation using western blotting revealed compound 8q exerted the anti-migrative and anti-invasive effects probably through mitochondria-mediated PI3K/AKT pathway by targeting CAIX. In summary, coumarin-3-sulfonamide derivatives were developed as potential and effective CAIX inhibitors, which were worthy of further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Lv
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianghong Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Lexian Chen
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajie Liang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianwan Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Lin
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiyao Chen
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiling Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiting Guo
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Hong
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingxue Pan
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Ji
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abdoli M, De Luca V, Capasso C, Supuran CT, Žalubovskis R. Novel thiazolone-benzenesulphonamide inhibitors of human and bacterial carbonic anhydrases. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2163243. [PMID: 36629426 PMCID: PMC9848287 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2163243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A small library of novel thiazolone-benzenesulphonamides has been prepared and evaluated for their ability to inhibit three human cytosolic carbonic anhydrases (hCA I, hCA II, and hCA VII) and three bacterial carbonic anhydrases (MscCAβ, StCA1, and StCA2). All investigated hCAs were inhibited by the prepared compounds 4a-4j in the low nanomolar range. These compounds were effective hCA I inhibitors (KIs of 31.5-637.3 nM) and excellent hCA II (KIs in the range of 1.3-13.7 nM) and hCA VII inhibitors (KIs in the range of 0.9-14.6 nM). The most active analog in the series, 4-((4-oxo-5-propyl-4,5-dihydrothiazol-2-yl)amino)benzenesulphonamide 4d, strongly inhibited bacterial MscCAβ, with KI of 73.6 nM, considerably better than AAZ (KI of 625 nM). The tested compounds displayed medium inhibitory potency against StCA1 (KIs of 69.2-163.3 nM) when compared to the standard drug (KI of 59 nM). However, StCA2 was poorly inhibited by the sulphonamides reported here, with KIs in the micromolar range between 275.2 and 4875.0 nM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Abdoli
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Viviana De Luca
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Napoli, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy,Claudiu T. Supuran Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Universitàdegli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Raivis Žalubovskis
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia,Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia,CONTACT Raivis Žalubovskis Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str, Riga, LV-1006, Latvia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Giovannuzzi S, De Luca V, Capasso C, Supuran CT. Inhibition studies with simple and complex (in)organic anions of the γ-carbonic anhydrase from Mammaliicoccus (Staphylococcus) sciuri, MscCAγ. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2173748. [PMID: 36719031 PMCID: PMC9891171 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2173748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The γ-carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) from the pathogenic bacterium, Mammaliicoccus (Staphylococcus) sciuri (MscCAγ) was recently cloned and purified by our groups. Here we investigated inhibition of this enzyme with (in)organic simple and complex anions, in the search of inhibitors with potential applications. The most effective inhibitors (KIs in the micromolar range) were peroxydisulfate and trithiocarbonate, whereas submillimolar inhibition was observed with N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate and phenylboronic acid (KIs of 0.5-0.9 mM). Thiocyanate, hydrogensulfide, bisulphite, stannate, divanadate, tetraborate, perrhenate, perruthenate, hexafluorophosphate, triflate and iminodisulfonate showed KIs of 1.0-13.7 mM. Cyanate, cyanide, azide, carbonate, nitrate, tellurate, selenocyanide, tetrafluoroborate, sulfamide, sulphamic acid and phenylarsonic acid were weaker inhibitors, with KIs in the range of 25.2-95.5 mM, whereas halides, bicarbonate, nitrite, sulphate, perchlorate and fluorosulfonate did not show inhibitory action up until 100 mM concentrations in the assay system. Finding more effective MscCAγ inhibitors may be helpful to fight drug resistance to antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Giovannuzzi
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Viviana De Luca
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Napoli, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Aspatwar A, Bonardi A, Aisala H, Zueva K, Primmer CR, Lumme J, Parkkila S, Supuran CT. Sulphonamide inhibition studies of the β-carbonic anhydrase GsaCAβ present in the salmon platyhelminth parasite Gyrodactylus salaris. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2167988. [PMID: 36647786 PMCID: PMC9848252 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2167988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A β-class carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) present in the genome of the Monogenean platyhelminth Gyrodactylus salaris, a fish parasite, GsaCAβ, has been investigated for its inhibitory effects with a panel of sulphonamides and sulfamates, some of which in clinical use. Several effective GsaCAβ inhibitors were identified, belonging to simple heterocyclic sulphonamides, the deacetylated precursors of acetazolamide and methazolamide (KIsof 81.9-139.7 nM). Many other simple benezene sulphonamides and clinically used agents, such as acetazolamide, methazolamide, ethoxzolamide, dorzolamide, benzolamide, sulthiame and hydrochlorothiazide showed inhibition constants <1 µM. The least effective GsaCAβ inhibitors were 4,6-disubstituted-1,3-benzene disulfonamides, with KIs in the range of 16.9-24.8 µM. Although no potent GsaCAβ-selective inhibitors were detected so far, this preliminary investigation may be helpful for better understanding the inhibition profile of this parasite enzyme and for the potential development of more effective and eventually parasite-selective inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Aspatwar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland,CONTACT Ashok Aspatwar Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Tampere, 50019, Finland
| | - Alessandro Bonardi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Heidi Aisala
- Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ksenia Zueva
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Craig R Primmer
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Lumme
- Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland,Fimlab Ltd, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy,Claudiu T. Supuran Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ivanova J, Abdoli M, Nocentini A, Žalubovskis R, Supuran CT. Derivatives of 4-methyl-1,2,3-benzoxathiazine 2,2-dioxide as selective inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrases IX and XII over the cytosolic isoforms I and II. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2170370. [PMID: 36718988 PMCID: PMC9891166 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2170370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of 4-methyl-1,2,3-benzoxathiazine-2,2-dioxides with various substituents in 5, 6 or 7 positions was obtained from corresponding 2'-hydroxyacetophenones in their reaction with sulphamoyl chloride. 6- and 7-aryl substituted 4-methyl-1,2,3-benzoxathiazine-2,2-dioxides were obtained from aryl substituted 2'-hydroxyacetophenonesprepared from 4- or 5-bromo-2'-hydroxyacetophenones via two-step protocol. 4-Methyl-1,2,3-benzoxathiazine-2,2-dioxides were investigated as inhibitors of four human (h) carbonic anhydrase (hCA, EC 4.2.1.1) isoforms, off-target cytosolic hCA I and II, and target transmembrane, tumour-associated hCA IX and XII. Twenty derivatives of 4-methyl-1,2,3-benzoxathiazine 2,2-dioxide were obtained. With one exception (compound2a), they mostly act as nanomolar inhibitors of target hCA IX and XII. Basically, all screened compounds express none or low inhibitory properties towards off-target hCA I. hCA II is inhibited in micromolar range. Overwhelming majority of 4-methyl-1,2,3-benzoxathiazine 2,2-dioxides express excellent selectivity towards CA IX/XII over hCA I as well as very good selectivity towards CA IX/XII over hCA II.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Morteza Abdoli
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Neurofarba Department, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Raivis Žalubovskis
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Supuran CT. Targeting carbonic anhydrases for the management of hypoxic metastatic tumors. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2023; 33:701-720. [PMID: 37545058 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2023.2245971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several isoforms of the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) are connected with tumorigenesis. Hypoxic tumors overexpress CA IX and XII as a consequence of HIF activation cascade, being involved in pH regulation, metabolism, and metastases formation. Other isoforms (CA I, II, III, IV) were also reported to be present in some tumors. AREAS COVERED Some CA isoforms are biomarkers for disease progression or response to therapy. Inhibitors, antibodies, and other procedures for targeting these enzymes for the treatment of tumors/metastases are discussed. Sulfonamides and coumarins represent the most investigated classes of inhibitors, but carboxylates, selenium, and tellurium-containing inhibitors were also investigated. Hybrid drugs of CA inhibitors with other antitumor agents for multitargeted therapy were reported. EXPERT OPINION Targeting CAs present in solid or hematological tumors with selective, targeted inhibitors is a validated approach, which has been consolidated in the last years. A host of new preclinical data and several clinical trials of antibodies and small-molecule inhibitors are ongoing, which connected with the large number of new chemotypes/procedures discovered to be effective, may lead to a breakthrough in this therapeutic area. The scientific/patent literature has been searched for on PubMed, ScienceDirect, Espacenet, and PatentGuru, from 2018 to 2023.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Begines P, Bonardi A, Nocentini A, Gratteri P, Giovannuzzi S, Ronca R, Tavani C, Luisa Massardi M, López Ó, Supuran CT. Design and synthesis of sulfonamides incorporating a biotin moiety: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitory effects, antiproliferative activity and molecular modeling studies. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 94:117467. [PMID: 37722299 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonamides constitute an important class of classical carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitors. Herein we have accomplished the conjugation of biotin with an ample number of sulfonamide motifs with the aim of testing them in vitro as inhibitors of the human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) isoforms I and II (cytosolic isozymes), as well as hCA IX and XII (transmembrane, tumor-associated enzymes). Most of these newly synthesized compounds exhibited interesting inhibition profiles, with activities in the nanomolar range. The presence of a 4-F-C6H4 moiety, also found in SLC-0111, afforded an excellent selectivity towards the tumor-associated hypoxia-induced hCA isoform XII with an inhibition constant (KI) of 4.5 nM. The 2-naphthyl derivative was the most potent inhibitor against hCA IX (KI = 6.2 nM), 4-fold stronger than AAZ (KI = 25 nM) with very good selectivity. Some compounds were chosen for antiproliferative activity testing against a panel of 3 human tumor cell lines, one compound showing anti-proliferative activity on glioblastoma, triple-negative breast cancer, and pancreatic carcinoma cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Begines
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, Florence 50019, Italy; Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1203, Seville E-41071, Spain
| | - Alessandro Bonardi
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, Florence 50019, Italy; NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, Florence 50019, Italy; NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Paola Gratteri
- NEUROFARBA Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Simone Giovannuzzi
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, Florence 50019, Italy
| | - Roberto Ronca
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Camilla Tavani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Massardi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Óscar López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1203, Seville E-41071, Spain.
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, Florence 50019, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Supuran CT. A simple yet multifaceted 90 years old, evergreen enzyme: Carbonic anhydrase, its inhibition and activation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 93:129411. [PMID: 37507055 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) research over the last three decades are presented, with an emphasis on the deciphering of the activation mechanism, the development of isoform-selective inhibitors/ activators by the tail approach and their applications in the management of obesity, hypoxic tumors, neurological conditions, and as antiinfectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, University of Florence, Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Supuran CT. An overview of novel antimicrobial carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:897-910. [PMID: 37747071 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2263914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Four different genetic families of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) are present in bacteria, α-, β-, γ- and ι-CAs. They play relevant functions related to CO2, HCO3-/H+ ions homeostasis, being involved in metabolic biosynthetic pathways, pH regulation, and represent virulence and survival factors for bacteria in various niches. Bacterial CAs started to be considered druggable targets in the last decade, as their inhibition impairs survival, growth, and virulence of these pathogens. AREAS COVERED Significant advances were registered in the last years for designing effective inhibitors of sulfonamide type for Helicobacter pylori α-CA, Neisseria gonorrhoeae α-CA, vacomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) α- and γ-CAs, for which the in vivo validation has also been achieved. MIC-s in the range of 0.25-4.0 µg/mL for wild type and drug resistant N. gonorrhoeae strains, and of 0.007-2.0 µg/mL for VRE were observed for some 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamides, and acetazolamide was effective in gut decolonization from VRE. EXPERT OPINION Targeting bacterial CAs from other pathogens, among which Vibrio cholerae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Brucella suis, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Legionella pneumophila, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Clostridium perfringens, Streptococcus mutans, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Francisella tularensis, Escherichia coli, Mammaliicoccus (Staphylococcus) sciuri, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, may lead to novel antibacterials devoid of drug resistance problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Peerzada M, Vullo D, Paoletti N, Bonardi A, Gratteri P, Supuran CT, Azam A. Discovery of Novel Hydroxyimine-Tethered Benzenesulfonamides as Potential Human Carbonic Anhydrase IX/XII Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:810-819. [PMID: 37312840 PMCID: PMC10258898 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To discover novel carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitors for cancer treatment, a series of 4-{4-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]piperazin-1-yl}benzenesulfonamides were designed and synthesized using SLC-0111 as the lead molecule. The developed novel compounds 27-34 were investigated for the inhibition of human (h) isoforms hCA I, hCA II, hCA IX, and hCA XII. The hCA I was inhibited by compound 29 with a Ki value of 3.0 nM, whereas hCA II was inhibited by compound 32 with a Ki value of 4.4 nM. The tumor-associated hCA IX isoform was inhibited by compound 30 effectively with an Ki value of 43 nM, whereas the activity of another cancer-related isoform, hCA XII, was significantly inhibited by 29 and 31 with a Ki value of 5 nM. Molecular modeling showed that drug molecule 30 participates in significant hydrophobic and hydrogen bond interactions with the active site of the investigated hCAs and binds to zinc through the deprotonated sulfonamide group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mudasir
Nabi Peerzada
- Medicinal
Chemistry and Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Daniela Vullo
- Department
of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences,
Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Niccolò Paoletti
- Department
of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences,
Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bonardi
- Department
of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences,
Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Gratteri
- Department
of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences,
Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Department
of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences,
Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Amir Azam
- Medicinal
Chemistry and Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi-110025, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Huang X, Winter D, Glover DJ, Supuran CT, Donald WA. Effects of Phosphorylation on the Activity, Inhibition and Stability of Carbonic Anhydrases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119275. [PMID: 37298228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a metalloenzyme family that have important roles in cellular processes including pH homeostasis and have been implicated in multiple pathological conditions. Small molecule inhibitors have been developed to target carbonic anhydrases, but the effects of post-translational modifications (PTMs) on the activity and inhibition profiles of these enzymes remain unclear. Here, we investigate the effects of phosphorylation, the most prevalent carbonic anhydrase PTM, on the activities and drug-binding affinities of human CAI and CAII, two heavily modified active isozymes. Using serine to glutamic acid (S > E) mutations to mimic the effect of phosphorylation, we demonstrate that phosphomimics at a single site can significantly increase or decrease the catalytic efficiencies of CAs, depending on both the position of the modification and the CA isoform. We also show that the S > E mutation at Ser50 of hCAII decreases the binding affinities of hCAII with well-characterized sulphonamide inhibitors including by over 800-fold for acetazolamide. Our findings suggest that CA phosphorylation may serve as a regulatory mechanism for enzymatic activity, and affect the binding affinity and specificity of small, drug and drug-like molecules. This work should motivate future studies examining the PTM-modification forms of CAs and their distributions, which should provide insights into CA physiopathological functions and facilitate the development of 'modform-specific' carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Huang
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Daniel Winter
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Dominic J Glover
- School of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Universita degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - William A Donald
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pustenko A, Balašova A, Nocentini A, Supuran CT, Žalubovskis R. 3 H-1,2-Benzoxaphosphepine 2-oxides as selective inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase IX and XII. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:216-224. [DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2143496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anastasija Balašova
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Department of Neurofarba, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Department of Neurofarba, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Raivis Žalubovskis
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
- Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Latest advances in specific inhibition of tumor-associated carbonic anhydrases. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:5-7. [PMID: 36636980 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
|
18
|
Ivanova J, Abdoli M, Nocentini A, Žalubovskis R, Supuran CT. 1,2,3-Benzoxathiazine-2,2-dioxides – effective inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrases. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:225-238. [DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2142787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Morteza Abdoli
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Neurofarba Department, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Raivis Žalubovskis
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jiang Y, Supuran CT, Ho J. Quantum Chemical Prediction of the Acidities of Sulfonamide Inhibitors of Carbonic Anhydrase. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:9207-9217. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c06358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Jiang
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, 50019Florence, Italy
| | - Junming Ho
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
De Luca V, Carginale V, Supuran CT, Capasso C. The gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli as a model for testing the effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibition on bacterial growth. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:2092-2098. [PMID: 35899716 PMCID: PMC9341340 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2101644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases, catalysing the reversible CO2 hydration reaction, contribute in all living organisms to the maintenance of stable metabolic functions depending on intracellular concentrations of carbon dioxide, bicarbonate, and protons. Recent studies have examined how CAs affect bacterial lifecycle, considering these enzymes druggable targets due to interference with their activities by using inhibitors or activators. Here, we propose Escherichia coli cells as a model for testing the effect of acetazolamide (AZA), a potent CA inhibitor, on bacterial survival by evaluating E. coli growth through its glucose consumption. AZA, at concentrations higher than 31.2 µg/mL, was able to impair E. coli growth and glucose uptake. AZA is a good inhibitor of the two recombinant E. coli CAs, the β-CA CynT2, and the γ-CA EcoCAγ, with KIs of 227 and 248 nM, respectively. This study provides a proof-of-concept, low-cost method for identifying effective CA inhibitors capable of impairing bacterial metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viviana De Luca
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Carginale
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Department of Neurofarba, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
The mitochondrial isoforms VA/VB of metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) are involved in metabolic processes, such as de novo lipogenesis and fatty acid biosynthesis. We review the drug design landscape for obtaining CA VA/VB-selective/effective inhibitors, starting from the clinical observations that CA inhibitory drugs, such as the antiepileptics topiramate and zonisamide, or the diuretic acetazolamide induce a significant weight loss. The main approaches for designing such compounds consisted in drug repurposing of already known CA inhibitors (CAIs); screening of synthetic/natural products libraries both in the classical and virtual modes, and de novo drug design using the tail approach. A number of such studies allowed the identification of lead compounds diverse from sulphonamides, such as tropolones, phenols, polyphenols, flavones, glycosides, fludarabine, lenvatinib, rufinamide, etc., for which the binding mode to the enzyme is not always well understood. Classical drug design studies of sulphonamides, sulfamates and sulfamides afforded low nanomolar mitochondrial CA-selective inhibitors, but detailed antiobesity studies were poorly performed with most of them. A breakthrough in the field may be constituted by the design of hybrids incorporating CAIs and other antiobesity chemotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bonardi A, Parkkila S, Supuran CT. Inhibition studies of the protozoan α-carbonic anhydrase from Trypanosoma cruzi with phenols. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:2417-2422. [PMID: 36065959 PMCID: PMC9467564 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2119965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The α-class carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) from the protozoan pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi, TcCA, was investigated earlier for its inhibition with anions, sulphonamides, thiols and hydroxamates, well-known classes of CA inhibitors (CAIs). Here we present the first inhibition study of this enzyme with phenols, which possess a diverse CA inhibition mechanism compared to the previously investigated compounds, which are all zinc binders. Indeed, phenols are known to anchor to the zinc coordinated water molecule within the enzyme active site. In a series of 22 diversely substituted phenols, the best inhibitors were simple phenol, pyrocatechol, salicylic acid, 3,5-difluorophenol, 3,4-dihydroxy-benzoic acid, 3,6- dihydroxy-benzoic acid, caffeic acid and its des-hydroxy analog, with KIs of 1.8 - 7.3 µM. The least effective TcCA inhibitor was 3-chloro-4-amino-phenol (KI of 47.9 µM). Although it is not yet clear whether TcCA can be considered as an anti-Chagas disease drug target, as no animal model for investigating the antiprotozoan effects is available so far, finding effective in vitro inhibitors may be a first relevant step towards new antiprotozoal agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bonardi
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Ltd, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Angeli A, Urbański LJ, Capasso C, Parkkila S, Supuran CT. Activation studies with amino acids and amines of a β-carbonic anhydrase from Mammaliicoccus (Staphylococcus) sciuri previously annotated as Staphylococcus aureus (SauBCA) carbonic anhydrase. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:2786-2792. [PMID: 36210544 PMCID: PMC9553136 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2131780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A β-carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) previously annotated to be present in the genome of Staphylococcus aureus, SauBCA, has been shown to belong to another pathogenic bacterium, Mammaliicoccus (Staphylococcus) sciuri. This enzyme, MscCA, has been investigated for its activation with a series of natural and synthetic amino acid and amines, comparing the results with those obtained for the ortholog enzyme from Escherichia coli, EcoCAβ. The best MscCA activators were D-His, L- and D-DOPA, 4-(2-aminoethyl)-morpholine and L-Asn, which showed KAs of 0.12 - 0.89 µM. The least efficient activators were D-Tyr and L-Gln (KAs of 13.9 - 28.6 µM). The enzyme was also also inhibited by anions and sulphonamides, as described earlier. Endogenous CA activators may play a role in bacterial virulence and colonisation of the host which makes this research topic of great interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Angeli
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Linda J Urbański
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Napoli, Italy
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland,Fimlab Ltd, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland,CONTACT Seppo Parkkila Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Fimlab Ltd, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy,Claudiu T. Supuran Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Krymov SK, Scherbakov AM, Dezhenkova LG, Salnikova DI, Solov’eva SE, Sorokin DV, Vullo D, De Luca V, Capasso C, Supuran CT, Shchekotikhin AE. Indoline-5-Sulfonamides: A Role of the Core in Inhibition of Cancer-Related Carbonic Anhydrases, Antiproliferative Activity and Circumventing of Multidrug Resistance. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121453. [PMID: 36558903 PMCID: PMC9783868 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The overexpression and activity of carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) isoforms CA IX and CA XII promote the accumulation of exceeding protons and acidosis in the extracellular tumor environment. Sulfonamides are effective inhibitors of most families of CAs. In this study, using scaffold-hopping, indoline-5-sulfonamide analogs 4a-u of the CA IX-selective inhibitor 3 were designed and synthesized to evaluate their biological properties. 1-Acylated indoline-5-sulfonamides demonstrated inhibitory activity against tumor-associated CA IX and XII with KI values up to 132.8 nM and 41.3 nM. Compound 4f, as one of the most potent inhibitors of CA IX and XII, exhibits hypoxic selectivity, suppressing the growth of MCF7 cells at 12.9 µM, and causes partial inhibition of hypoxia-induced CA IX expression in A431 skin cancer cells. 4e and 4f reverse chemoresistance to doxorubicin of K562/4 with overexpression of P-gp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stepan K. Krymov
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, 119021 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander M. Scherbakov
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lyubov G. Dezhenkova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, 119021 Moscow, Russia
| | - Diana I. Salnikova
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana E. Solov’eva
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, 119021 Moscow, Russia
| | - Danila V. Sorokin
- Department of Experimental Tumor Biology, Blokhin N.N. National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniela Vullo
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, 50122 Florence, Italy
| | - Viviana De Luca
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, 50122 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.T.S.); (A.E.S.)
| | - Andrey E. Shchekotikhin
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, 119021 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (C.T.S.); (A.E.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Supuran CT. Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors from Marine Natural Products. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:721. [PMID: 36422000 PMCID: PMC9696426 DOI: 10.3390/md20110721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are widespread metalloenzymes in organisms in all life kingdoms, being involved in pH regulation, metabolic processes and many other physiological and pathological conditions. CA inhibitors and activators thus possess applications as pharmacological agents in the management of a range of diseases. Marine natural products have allowed the identification of some highly interesting CA inhibitors, among which are sulfonamides, phenols, polyamines, coumarins and several other miscellaneous inhibitors, which are reviewed here. Psammaplin C and some bromophenols were the most investigated classes of such marine-based inhibitors and have been used as lead molecules for developing interesting types of potent and, in some cases, isoform-selective inhibitors, with applications as antitumor agents by inhibiting human CA XII and P-glycoprotein activities. Some phenols have shown interesting bacterial and fungal β-CA inhibitory effects. Marine natural products thus constitute a gold mine for identifying novel CA inhibitors, some of which may lead to the development of novel types of pharmacological agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Firenze, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Benzenesulfonamides Incorporating Hydantoin Moieties Effectively Inhibit Eukaryoticand Human Carbonic Anhydrases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214115. [PMID: 36430592 PMCID: PMC9696710 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel 1-(4-benzenesulfonamide)-3-alkyl/benzyl-hydantoin derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for the inhibition of eukaryotic and human carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1). The prepared compounds were screened for their hCA inhibitory activities against three cytosolic isoforms as well as two β-CAs from fungal pathogens. The best inhibition was observed against hCA II and VII as well as Candida glabrata enzyme CgNce103. hCA I and Malassezia globosa MgCA enzymes were, on the other hand, less effectively inhibited by these compounds. The inhibitory potency of these compounds against CAs was found to be dependent on the electronic and steric effects of substituent groups on the N3-position of the hydantoin ring, which included alkyl, alkenyl and substituted benzyl moieties. The interesting results against CgNce103 make the compounds of interest for investigations in vivo as potential antifungals.
Collapse
|
27
|
Beatriz Vermelho A, Rodrigues GC, Nocentini A, Mansoldo FRP, Supuran CT. Discovery of novel drugs for Chagas disease: is carbonic anhydrase a target for antiprotozoal drugs? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:1147-1158. [PMID: 36039500 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2117295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Carbonic anhydrase (CA) arose significant interest as a potential new target for Chagas disease since its discovery in Trypanosoma cruzi in 2013. Benznidazole and Nifurtimox have been used for Chagas disease treatment for 60 years despite all efforts done for obtaining more efficient treatments, acting in the acute and chronic phases of illness, with fewer side effects and resistance induction. AREAS COVERED We discuss the positive and negative aspects of T. cruzi CA (TcCA) studies as a target for developing new drugs. The current research discoveries and the classes of TcCA inhibitors are reviewed. The sulfonamides and their derivatives are the main inhibitor classes, but hydroxamates and the thiols, were investigated too. These compounds inhibited the growth of the evolutive forms of the parasite. A comparative analysis was done with CAs from other Trypanosomatids and protozoans. EXPERT OPINION The search for new targets and drugs is a significant challenge worldwide, and TcCA is a potential candidate for developing new drugs. Several studied inhibitors were active against Trypanosoma cruzi, but their penetration and toxicity problems emerged. New approaches are in progress to obtain inhibitors with desired properties, allowing further steps such as tests using an adequate animal model and subsequent developments for the preclinical testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alane Beatriz Vermelho
- BIOINOVAR - Biotechnology Laboratories: Biocatalysis, Bioproducts, and Bioenergy, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Giseli Capaci Rodrigues
- UNIGRANRIO - Universidade do Grande Rio Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ensino das Ciências, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Felipe R P Mansoldo
- BIOINOVAR - Biotechnology Laboratories: Biocatalysis, Bioproducts, and Bioenergy, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research, and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhou W, Wang C, Liu Z, Gou S. Hypoxia-Activated Prodrugs with Dual COX-2/CA Inhibitory Effects on Attenuating Cardiac Inflammation under Hypoxia. J Med Chem 2022; 65:13436-13451. [PMID: 36170566 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac inflammation is generally accompanied by hypoxia, while myocardial injury and an abnormal microenvironment caused by hypoxia tend to suppress the efficacy of common anti-inflammatory drugs. To improve the anti-inflammatory effect under hypoxia, a hypoxia-activated prodrug HAP1 consisting of a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor Ind and a carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor Ace was synthesized. HAP1 was found to be activated by nitroreductase (NTR) under hypoxia to release two pharmacophores and achieve the combinatory medication intensively at the hypoxic site, better than Ind or Ace alone. When NTR activity was inhibited by Na2WO4 under hypoxia, no pharmacophores were found to release from HAP1 without exhibiting its activity. However, the efficacy of the Ind and Ace combination group (I&A) was not affected. Furthermore, HAP1 showed advantages over I&A in vivo not only in improving bioavailability but also in reducing side effects. The HAP approach turns out to inhibit cardiac inflammation efficiently and safely under hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Chunping Wang
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhikun Liu
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Shaohua Gou
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, P. R. China.,Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Thiocoumarins: From the Synthesis to the Biological Applications. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154901. [PMID: 35956851 PMCID: PMC9369797 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coumarin is a privilege scaffold in medicinal chemistry. Coumarin derivatives are still an emerging class of highly potent pharmaceutical drugs, best known in the field of antimicrobials and anticoagulants. Thiocoumarins are a particular class of coumarins in which one or two of the oxygen atoms are replaced by a sulfur. They are chemically subdivided in three groups: Thiocoumarins, 2-thioxocoumarins, and dithiocoumarins. This review emphasizes the rationale behind the synthesis and biological applications of the most relevant publications related to this family of compounds. Particular attention has been given to their potential as drug candidates, with particular emphasis in the last 5 years. This article is based on the most relevant information collected from multiple electronic databases, including SciFinder, Pubmed, Espacenet, and Mendeley.
Collapse
|
30
|
Novel Insights on Human Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Based on Coumalic Acid: Design, Synthesis, Molecular Modeling Investigation, and Biological Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147950. [PMID: 35887299 PMCID: PMC9324074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human carbonic anhydrase (hCA, EC 4.2.1.1) isoforms IX and XII are overexpressed in solid hypoxic tumors, and they are considered as prognostic tools and therapeutic targets for cancer. Based on a molecular simplification of the well-known coumarin scaffold, we developed a new series of derivatives of the pyran-2-one core. The new compounds are endowed with potent and selective inhibitory activity against the tumor-related hCA isoforms IX and XII, in the low nanomolar range, whereas they are inactive against the two cytosolic off-targets hCA I and II. The compounds exhibiting the best hCA inhibition were further investigated against the breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF7) in hypoxic conditions, evaluating their ability to eventually synergize with doxorubicin. The compounds’ biocompatibility on healthy cells was also tested and confirmed on Human Gingival Fibroblasts (HGFs). Furthermore, the possible binding mode of all compounds to the active site of the tumor-associated human CA IX was investigated by computational techniques which predicted the binding conformations and the persistency of binding poses within the active site of the enzyme, furnishing relevant data for the design of tight binding inhibitors.
Collapse
|
31
|
Squaramide-Tethered Sulfonamides and Coumarins: Synthesis, Inhibition of Tumor-Associated CAs IX and XII and Docking Simulations. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147685. [PMID: 35887037 PMCID: PMC9318203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are attractive targets for the development of new anticancer therapies; in particular, CAs IX and XII isoforms are overexpressed in numerous tumors. (2) Methods: following the tail approach, we have appended a hydrophobic aromatic tail to a pharmacophore responsible for the CA inhibition (aryl sulfonamide, coumarin). As a linker, we have used squaramides, featured with strong hydrogen bond acceptor and donor capacities. (3) Results: Starting from easily accessible dimethyl squarate, the title compounds were successfully obtained as crystalline solids, avoiding the use of chromatographic purifications. Interesting and valuable SARs could be obtained upon modification of the length of the hydrocarbon chain, position of the sulfonamido moiety, distance of the aryl sulfonamide scaffold to the squaramide, stereoelectronic effects on the aromatic ring, as well as the number and type of substituents on C-3 and C-4 positions of the coumarin. (4) Conclusions: For sulfonamides, the best profile was achieved for the m-substituted derivative 11 (Ki = 29.4, 9.15 nM, CA IX and XII, respectively), with improved selectivity compared to acetazolamide, a standard drug. Coumarin derivatives afforded an outstanding selectivity (Ki > 10,000 nM for CA I, II); the lead compound (16c) was a strong CA IX and XII inhibitor (Ki = 19.2, 7.23 nM, respectively). Docking simulations revealed the key ligand-enzyme interactions.
Collapse
|
32
|
Peña L, Jiménez C, Arancibia R, Angeli A, Supuran CT. Heterobimetallic complexes containing organometallic acylhydrazone ligands as potential inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrases. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 232:111814. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
33
|
Giovannuzzi S, Capasso C, Nocentini A, Supuran CT. Continued Structural Exploration of Sulfocoumarin as Selective Inhibitor of Tumor-Associated Human Carbonic Anhydrases IX and XII. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134076. [PMID: 35807318 PMCID: PMC9267968 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of new 3- and 7-substituted sulfocoumarins was obtained by several cyclization reactions and subsequent derivatization for screening as prodrug inhibitors of the human (h) cancer-associated carbonic anhydrases (CAs) IX and XII. All products were ineffective inhibitors against the off-target hCA I and II, whilst hCAs IX and XII were inhibited with inhibition constants (KIs) spanning from low nanomolar to the high micromolar range, according to the sulfocoumarin derivatization pattern. In particular, sulfocoumarin 15 turned out to be the most potent and selective inhibitor herein reported (hCA I and II: KI > 100 µM; hCA IX: KI = 22.9 nM; hCA XII: KI = 19.2 nM). Considering that hCA IX and XII validated anti-tumor targets, such prodrug, isoform-selective inhibitors as the sulfocoumarins reported here may be useful for identifying suitable drug candidates for clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Giovannuzzi
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy;
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (C.T.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Aspatwar A, Barker H, Aisala H, Zueva K, Kuuslahti M, Tolvanen M, Primmer CR, Lumme J, Bonardi A, Tripathi A, Parkkila S, Supuran CT. Cloning, purification, kinetic and anion inhibition studies of a recombinant β-carbonic anhydrase from the Atlantic salmon parasite platyhelminth Gyrodactylus salaris. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:1577-1586. [PMID: 35637617 PMCID: PMC9176631 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2080818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A β-class carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) was cloned from the genome of the Monogenean platyhelminth Gyrodactylus salaris, a parasite of Atlantic salmon. The new enzyme, GsaCAβ has a significant catalytic activity for the physiological reaction, CO2 + H2O ⇋ HCO3− + H+ with a kcat of 1.1 × 105 s−1 and a kcat/Km of 7.58 × 106 M−1 × s−1. This activity was inhibited by acetazolamide (KI of 0.46 µM), a sulphonamide in clinical use, as well as by selected inorganic anions and small molecules. Most tested anions inhibited GsaCAβ at millimolar concentrations, but sulfamide (KI of 81 µM), N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate (KI of 67 µM) and sulphamic acid (KI of 6.2 µM) showed a rather efficient inhibitory action. There are currently very few non-toxic agents effective in combating this parasite. GsaCAβ is subsequently proposed as a new drug target for which effective inhibitors can be designed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Aspatwar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Harlan Barker
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heidi Aisala
- Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ksenia Zueva
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marianne Kuuslahti
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Martti Tolvanen
- Department of Computing, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Craig R Primmer
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Lumme
- Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Alessandro Bonardi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Amit Tripathi
- Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Ltd, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child's Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abdoli M, Giovannuzzi S, Supuran CT, Žalubovskis R. 4-(3-Alkyl/benzyl-guanidino)benzenesulfonamides as selective carbonic anhydrase VII inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:1568-1576. [PMID: 35635139 PMCID: PMC9154774 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2080816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Abdoli
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Simone Giovannuzzi
- Neurofarba Department, Universita Degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Universita Degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Raivis Žalubovskis
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Nerella SG, Singh P, Arifuddin M, Supuran CT. Anticancer carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: a patent and literature update 2018-2022. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2022; 32:833-847. [PMID: 35616541 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2022.2083502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer affects an increasing number of patients each year with an unacceptable death toll worldwide. A new therapeutic approach to combat tumors consists in targeting human carbonic anhydrase (hCA, EC 4.2.1.1) isoforms IX and XII, which are tumor-associated, overexpressed enzymes in hypoxic tumors, being involved in metabolism, pH regulation, ferroptosis and overall tumor progression. AREAS COVERED Small molecule hCA IX/XII and antibody drug conjugate inhibitors targeting the two enzymes and their applications in the management of cancer are discussed. EXPERT OPINION The available 3D crystal structures of hCA IX, XII as well as the off target isoforms hCA I and II, afforded structure-based drug design opportunities, which led to the development of various isoform-selective small molecule inhibitors belonging to diverse classes (sulfonamides, sulfamates, benzoxaboroles, selenols, coumarins, sulfocoumarins and isocoumarins). Many patents focused on small inhibitors containing sulfonamide/ sulfamate/sulfamide derivatives as well as hybrids incorporating sulfonamides and different antitumor chemotypes, such as cytotoxic drugs, kinase/telomerase inhibitors, P-gp and thioredoxin inhibitors. The most investigated candidate belonging to the class is the sulfonamide SLC-0111, in Phase Ib/II clinical trials for the management of advanced, metastatic solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Goud Nerella
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NI & IR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Priti Singh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Mohammed Arifuddin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India.,Department of Chemistry, Directorate of Distance Education, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500032, T.S.India
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Dept., Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kciuk M, Gielecińska A, Mujwar S, Mojzych M, Marciniak B, Drozda R, Kontek R. Targeting carbonic anhydrase IX and XII isoforms with small molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:1278-1298. [PMID: 35506234 PMCID: PMC9090362 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2052868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases IX and CAXII (CAIX/CAXII) are transmembrane zinc metalloproteins that catalyze a very basic but crucial physiological reaction: the conversion of carbon dioxide into bicarbonate with a release of the proton. CA, especially CAIX and CAXII isoforms gained the attention of many researchers interested in anticancer drug design due to pivotal functions of enzymes in the cancer cell metastasis and response to hypoxia, and their expression restricted to malignant cells. This offers an opportunity to develop new targeted therapies with fewer side effects. Continuous efforts led to the discovery of a series of diverse compounds with the most abundant sulphonamide derivatives. Here we review current knowledge considering small molecule and antibody-based targeting of CAIX/CAXII in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Kciuk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Laboratory of Cytogenetics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Adrianna Gielecińska
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Laboratory of Cytogenetics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Somdutt Mujwar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Mariusz Mojzych
- Department of Chemistry, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland
| | - Beata Marciniak
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Laboratory of Cytogenetics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafał Drozda
- Department of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Wl. Bieganski Hospital, Lodz, Poland
| | - Renata Kontek
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Laboratory of Cytogenetics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kalinin S, Kovalenko A, Valtari A, Nocentini A, Gureev M, Urtti A, Korsakov M, Supuran CT, Krasavin M. 5-(Sulfamoyl)thien-2-yl 1,3-oxazole inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase II with hydrophilic periphery. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:1005-1011. [PMID: 35350949 PMCID: PMC8973362 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2056733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrophilic derivatives of an earlier described series of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors have been designed, prepared and profiled against a panel of carbonic anhydrase isoforms, including the glaucoma-related hCA II. For all hydrophilic derivatives, computational prediction of intraocular permeability routes showed the predominance of conjunctival rather than corneal absorption. The potentially reactive primary or secondary amine periphery of these compounds makes them suitable candidates for bioconjugation to polymeric drug carriers. As was shown previously, the most active hCA II inhibitor is efficacious in alleviating intraocular pressure in normotensive rabbits with efficacy matching that of dorzolamide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kalinin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.,School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alexander Kovalenko
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Annika Valtari
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Department of Neurofarba, Universita degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Maxim Gureev
- Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare Research Center, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Arto Urtti
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.,School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikhail Korsakov
- Pharmaceutical Technology Transfer Center, Ushinsky Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University, Yaroslavl, Russian Federation
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of Neurofarba, Universita degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Mikhail Krasavin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.,Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bonardi A, Bua S, Combs J, Lomelino C, Andring J, Osman SM, Toti A, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Gratteri P, Ghelardini C, McKenna R, Nocentini A, Supuran CT. The three-tails approach as a new strategy to improve selectivity of action of sulphonamide inhibitors against tumour-associated carbonic anhydrase IX and XII. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:930-939. [PMID: 35306936 PMCID: PMC8942523 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2053526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human (h) carbonic anhydrase (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) isoforms IX and XII were recently confirmed as anticancer targets against solid hypoxic tumours. The “three-tails approach” has been proposed as an extension of the forerunner “tail” and “dual-tail approach” to fully exploit the amino acid differences at the medium/outer active site rims among different hCAs and to obtain more isoform-selective inhibitors. Many three-tailed inhibitors (TTIs) showed higher selectivity against the tumour-associated isoforms hCA IX and XII with respect to the off-targets hCA I and II. X-ray crystallography studies were performed to investigate the binding mode of four TTIs in complex with a hCA IX mimic. The ability of the most potent and selective TTIs to reduce in vitro the viability of colon cancer (HT29), prostate adenocarcinoma (PC3), and breast cancer (ZR75-1) cell lines was evaluated in normoxic (21% O2) and hypoxic (3% O2) conditions demonstrating relevant anti-proliferative effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bonardi
- Department NEUROFARBA – Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
- Department NEUROFARBA – Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Bua
- Department NEUROFARBA – Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Jacob Combs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Carrie Lomelino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jacob Andring
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sameh Mohamed Osman
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alessandra Toti
- Department NEUROFARBA – Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department NEUROFARBA – Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Gratteri
- Department NEUROFARBA – Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department NEUROFARBA – Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Department NEUROFARBA – Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Department NEUROFARBA – Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Khatua S, Taraphder S. In the footsteps of an inhibitor unbinding from the active site of human carbonic anhydrase II. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 41:3187-3204. [PMID: 35257634 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2048075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of human carbonic anhydrase (HCA) II bound to an inhibitor molecule, 6-hydroxy-2-thioxocoumarin (FC5), shows FC5 to be located in a hydrophobic pocket at the active site. The present work employs classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulation to follow the FC5 molecule for 1 μs as it unbinds from its binding location, adopts the path of substrate/product diffusion (path 1) to leave the active site at around 75 ns. It is then found to undergo repeated binding and unbinding at different locations on the surface of the enzyme in water. Several transient excursions through different regions of the enzyme are also observed prior to its exit from the active site. These transient paths are combined with functionally relevant cavities/channels to enlist five additional pathways (path 2-6). Pathways 1-6 are subsequently explored using steered MD and umbrella sampling simulations. A free energy barrier of 0.969 kcal mol-1 is encountered along path 1, while barriers in the range of 0.57-2.84 kcal mol-1 are obtained along paths 2, 4 and 5. We also analyze in detail the interaction between FC5 and the enzyme along each path as the former leaves the active site of HCA II. Our results indicate path 1 to be the major exit pathway for FC5, although competing contributions may also come from the paths 2, 4 and 5.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satyajit Khatua
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| | - Srabani Taraphder
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Onyılmaz M, Koca M, Bonardi A, Degirmenci M, Supuran CT. Isocoumarins: a new class of selective carbonic anhydrase IX and XII inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:743-748. [PMID: 35188025 PMCID: PMC8865125 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2041630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Isocoumarins, isomeric to comarins which act as effective carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitors, were investigated for the first time as inhibitors of this enzyme. A series of 3-substituted and 3,4-disubstituted isocoumarins incorporating phenylhydrazone, 1-phenyl-pyrazole and pyrazolo-substituted pyrimidine trione/thioxo-pyrimidine dione moieties were investigated for their interaction with four human (h) CA isoforms, hCA I, II, IX and XII, known to be important drug targets. hCA I and II were not inhibited by these compounds, whereas hCA IX and XII were inhibited in the low micromolar range by the less bulky derivatives. The inhibition constants ranged between 2.7–78.9 µM against hCA IX and of 1.2–66.5 µM against hCA XII. As for the coumarins, we hypothesise that the isocoumarins are hydrolysed by the esterase activity of the enzyme with formation of 2-carboxy-phenylacetic aldehydes which act as CA inhibitors. Isocoumarins represent a new class of CA inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Onyılmaz
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistry, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Murat Koca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Alessandro Bonardi
- Department of Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Mustafa Degirmenci
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistry, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Department of Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Giovannuzzi S, De Luca V, Nocentini A, Capasso C, Supuran CT. Coumarins inhibit η-class carbonic anhydrase from Plasmodium falciparum. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:680-685. [PMID: 35139744 PMCID: PMC8843172 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2036986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Coumarins were discovered to act as inhibitors of α-carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) after undergoing hydrolysis mediated by the esterase activity of the enzyme to the corresponding 2-hydroxycinnamic acids. Other classes of CAs among the eight currently known do not possess esterase activity or this activity was poorly investigated. Hence, we decided to look at the potential of coumarins as inhibitors of the η-CA from the malaria-producing protozoan Plasmodium falciparum, PfaCA. A panel of simple coumarins incorporating hydroxyl, amino, ketone or carboxylic acid ester moieties in various positions of the ring system acted as low to medium micromolar PfaCA inhibitors, whereas their affinities for the cytosolic off-target human isoforms hCA I and II were in a much higher range. Thus, we confirm that η-CAs possess esterase activity and that coumarins effectively inhibit this enzyme. Elaboration of the simple coumarin scaffolds investigated here may probably lead to more effective PfaCA inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Giovannuzzi
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto, Italy
| | - Viviana De Luca
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, CNR, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, CNR, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Acipimox, a nicotinic acid derivative in clinical use for the treatment of hyperlipidaemia, incorporates a free carboxylic acid and an N-oxide moiety, functionalities known to interact with the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) and inhibit its activity. Herein we report that acipimox acts as a low micromolar CA inhibitor (CAI) against most human (h) isoforms possessing catalytic activity, hCA I – XIV. By using computational techniques (docking and molecular dynamics simulations), we propose that acipimox coordinates through its carboxylate group to the zinc ion from the enzyme active site cavity, whereas the N-oxide group is hydrogen-bonded to the proton shuttle His residue in some isoforms (hCA I) or to active site Thr or Gln residues in other isoforms (hCA II, III, IV, VII, etc). As some CA isoforms are involved in lipogenesis, these data may be useful for the design of more effective CAIs with antiobesity activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Mori
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, "Department of Excellence 2018-2022", University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Giovannuzzi S, Hewitt CS, Nocentini A, Capasso C, Costantino G, Flaherty DP, Supuran CT. Inhibition studies of bacterial α-carbonic anhydrases with phenols. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:666-671. [PMID: 35139743 PMCID: PMC8843131 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2038592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The α-class carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) from the bacterial pathogens Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NgCAα) and Vibrio cholerae (VchCAα) were investigated for their inhibition by a panel of phenols and phenolic acids. Mono-, di- and tri-substituted phenols incorporating additional hydroxyl/hydroxymethyl, amino, acetamido, carboxyl, halogeno and carboxyethenyl moieties were included in the study. The best NgCAα inhibitrs were phenol, 3-aminophenol, 4-hydroxy-benzylalcohol, 3-amino-4-chlorophenol and paracetamol, with KI values of 0.6–1.7 µM. The most effective VchCAα inhibitrs were phenol, 3-amino-4-chlorophenol and 4-hydroxy-benzyl-alcohol, with KI values of 0.7–1.2 µM. Small changes in the phenol scaffold led to drastic effects on the bacterial CA inhibitory activity. This class of underinvestigated bacterial CA inhibitors may thus lead to effective compounds for fighting drug resistant bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Giovannuzzi
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Chad S Hewitt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, CNR, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Napoli, Italy
| | - Gabriele Costantino
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniel P Flaherty
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wang J, Zhang Y, Nie W, Luo Y, Deng L. Computational anti-COVID-19 drug design: progress and challenges. Brief Bioinform 2022; 23:bbab484. [PMID: 34850817 PMCID: PMC8690229 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines have made gratifying progress in preventing the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. However, the emergence of variants, especially the latest delta variant, has brought considerable challenges to human health. Hence, the development of robust therapeutic approaches, such as anti-COVID-19 drug design, could aid in managing the pandemic more efficiently. Some drug design strategies have been successfully applied during the COVID-19 pandemic to create and validate related lead drugs. The computational drug design methods used for COVID-19 can be roughly divided into (i) structure-based approaches and (ii) artificial intelligence (AI)-based approaches. Structure-based approaches investigate different molecular fragments and functional groups through lead drugs and apply relevant tools to produce antiviral drugs. AI-based approaches usually use end-to-end learning to explore a larger biochemical space to design antiviral drugs. This review provides an overview of the two design strategies of anti-COVID-19 drugs, the advantages and disadvantages of these strategies and discussions of future developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxian Wang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University,410075, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang Province Land Reclamation Headquarters General Hospital, 150001, Harbin, China
| | - Wenjuan Nie
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University,410075, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Luo
- School of Science, The University of Auckland,Auckland 1010, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lei Deng
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University,410075, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Krymov SK, Scherbakov AM, Salnikova DI, Sorokin DV, Dezhenkova LG, Ivanov IV, Vullo D, De Luca V, Capasso C, Supuran CT, Shchekotikhin AE. Synthesis, biological evaluation, and in silico studies of potential activators of apoptosis and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors on isatin-5-sulfonamide scaffold. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 228:113997. [PMID: 34902732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX is a promising target for the search for new antitumor compounds with improved properties. Using the molecular hybridization approach, on the basis of structures of a selective carbonic anhydrase IX inhibitor 3 and an activator of apoptosis 2 (1), a series of 1-substituted isatin-5-sulfonamides 5a-5u were designed and synthesized. The study of the inhibitory activity of isatin-5-sulfonamides showed the ability to inhibit I, II, IX, XII isoforms at nano- and micromolar concentrations. Docking of compounds 5e and 5k into the active site of II and IX carbonic anhydrase isoforms showed the coordination of sulfonamidate anions with zinc cations, as well as a number of additional hydrophobic interactions. The trifluoromethylthio derivative 5r suppressed the growth of tumor cells at low micromolar concentrations, maintaining activity on resistant lines and under hypoxic conditions. Immunoblotting of MCF7 cells treated with the 5r revealed its antiestrogenic activity and ability to activate apoptosis in tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stepan K Krymov
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow, 119021, Russia
| | - Alexander M Scherbakov
- Blokhin National Medical Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow, 115522, Russia
| | - Diana I Salnikova
- Blokhin National Medical Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow, 115522, Russia
| | - Danila V Sorokin
- Blokhin National Medical Center of Oncology, 24 Kashirskoye Shosse, Moscow, 115522, Russia
| | - Lyubov G Dezhenkova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow, 119021, Russia
| | - Ivan V Ivanov
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, 11 B. Pirogovskaya Street, Moscow, 119021, Russia
| | - Daniela Vullo
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Viviana De Luca
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Giovannuzzi S, Hewitt CS, Nocentini A, Capasso C, Flaherty DP, Supuran CT. Coumarins effectively inhibit bacterial α-carbonic anhydrases. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:333-338. [PMID: 34979838 PMCID: PMC8741243 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.2012174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Coumarins are known to act as prodrug inhibitors of mammalian α-carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) but they were not yet investigated for the inhibition of bacterial α-CAs. Here we demonstrate that such enzymes from the bacterial pathogens Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NgCAα) and Vibrio cholerae (VchCAα) are inhibited by a panel of simple coumarins incorporating hydroxyl, amino, ketone or carboxylic acid ester moieties in various positions of the ring system. The nature and the position of the substituents in the coumarin ring were the factors which strongly influenced inhibitory efficacy. NgCAα was inhibited with KIs in the range of 28.6-469.5 µM, whereas VchCAα with KIs in the range of 39.8-438.7 µM. The two human (h)CA isoforms included for comparison reason in the study, hCA I and II, were less prone to inhibition by these compounds, with KIs of 137-948.9 µM for hCA I and of 296.5-961.2 µM for hCA II, respectively. These findings are relevant for discovering coumarin bacterial CA inhibitors with selectivity for the bacterial over human isoform, with potential applications as novel antibacterial agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Giovannuzzi
- Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Neurofarba Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Chad S Hewitt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Neurofarba Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, CNR, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniel P Flaherty
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Neurofarba Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Giovannuzzi S, D’Ambrosio M, Luceri C, Osman SM, Pallecchi M, Bartolucci G, Nocentini A, Supuran CT. Aromatic Sulfonamides including a Sulfonic Acid Tail: New Membrane Impermeant Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors for Targeting Selectively the Cancer-Associated Isoforms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010461. [PMID: 35008884 PMCID: PMC8745330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here a new drug design strategy for producing membrane-impermeant carbonic anhydrase (CA; EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitors selectively targeting the tumor-associated, membrane-bound human CAs IX and XII over off-target cytosolic isoforms. To date, this approach has only been pursued by including permanent positively charged pyridinium type or highly hydrophilic glycosidic moieties into the structure of aromatic sulfonamide CA inhibitors (CAIs). Aliphatic (propyl and butyl) sulfonic acid tails, deprotonated at physiological pH, were thus incorporated onto a benzenesulfonamide scaffold by a common 1,2,3-triazole linker and different types of spacers. Twenty such derivatives were synthesized and tested for their inhibition of target (hCAs IV, IX, and XII) and off-target CAs (hCAs I and II). Most sulfonate CAIs induced a potent inhibition of hCAs II, IX, and XII up to a low nanomolar KI range (0.9–459.4 nM) with a limited target/off-target CA selectivity of action. According to the drug design schedule, a subset of representative derivatives was assessed for their cell membrane permeability using Caco-2 cells and a developed FIA-MS/MS method. The complete membrane impermeability of the sulfonate tailed CAIs (≥98%) validated these negatively charged moieties as being suitable for achieving, in vivo, the selective targeting of the tumor-associated CAs over off-target ones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Giovannuzzi
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy; (S.G.); (M.P.); (G.B.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Mario D’Ambrosio
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale Gaetano Pieraccini 6, 50100 Firenze, Italy; (M.D.); (C.L.)
| | - Cristina Luceri
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Viale Gaetano Pieraccini 6, 50100 Firenze, Italy; (M.D.); (C.L.)
| | - Sameh Mohamed Osman
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Marco Pallecchi
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy; (S.G.); (M.P.); (G.B.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy; (S.G.); (M.P.); (G.B.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy; (S.G.); (M.P.); (G.B.); (C.T.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy; (S.G.); (M.P.); (G.B.); (C.T.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Petreni A, Osman SM, Alasmary FA, Almutairi TM, Nocentini A, Supuran CT. Binding site comparison for coumarin inhibitors and amine/amino acid activators of human carbonic anhydrases. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 226:113875. [PMID: 34634741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The first structural analysis comparing the binding mode to the target carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) of two opposite classes of modulators is presented here: coumarin derivatives act as prodrug CA inhibitors (CAIs), being hydrolyzed by the enzyme esterase activity to 2-hydroxycinnamic acids that occlude the active site entrance; CA activators (CAAs) belonging of the amine and amino acid types, enhance the CA activity by increasing the efficiency of the rate-determining proton shuttling step in the CA catalytic cycle. Analysis of the crystallographic data available for the human CA isoform II in adduct with two coumarin CAIs and some CAAs showed that both types of CA modulators bind in the same region of the enzyme active site, basically interacting with superimposable amino acid residues, that are Trp5, Asn62, His64, Asn67, Gln92, Thr200. A plethora of water molecules also participate in the adducts formation. This structural analysis showed that presence of certain chemical groups in the compound structure is mandatory to produce an activating rather than inhibitory action, such as multiple nitrogen- and oxygen-based moieties capable of shuttling protons or forming extended H-bond networks nearby the proton shuttle residue. This constitutes the only known example among all enzymes of an identical binding site for inhibitors and activators, which, in addition, possess significant pharmacological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Petreni
- Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical section, University of Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Sameh M Osman
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatmah A Alasmary
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahani M Almutairi
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical section, University of Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy.
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical section, University of Firenze, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Mussi S, Rezzola S, Chiodelli P, Nocentini A, Supuran CT, Ronca R. Antiproliferative effects of sulphonamide carbonic anhydrase inhibitors C18, SLC-0111 and acetazolamide on bladder, glioblastoma and pancreatic cancer cell lines. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 37:280-286. [PMID: 34894950 PMCID: PMC8667884 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.2004592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX/XII (CA IX/XII), are cell-surface enzymes typically expressed by cancer cells as a form of adaptation to hypoxia and acidosis. It has been widely reported that these proteins play pivotal roles in cancer progression fostering cell migration, aggressiveness and resistance to first line chemo- and radiotherapies. CA IX has emerged as a promising target in cancer therapy and several approaches and families of compounds were characterised in the attempt to find optimal targeting by inhibiting of the high catalytic activity of the enzyme. In the present work, different cell lines representing glioblastoma, bladder and pancreatic cancer have been exploited to compare the inhibitory and antiproliferative effect of primary sulphonamide acetazolamide (AAZ), the Phase Ib/II clinical grade sulphonamide SLC-0111, and a membrane-impermeant positively charged, pyridinium-derivative (C18). New hints regarding the possibility to exploit CA inhibitors in these cancer types are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Mussi
- Experimental Oncology and Immunology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Rezzola
- Experimental Oncology and Immunology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paola Chiodelli
- Experimental Oncology and Immunology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberto Ronca
- Experimental Oncology and Immunology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|