1
|
Royle ML, Connolly EJ. Alcohol Use and Moffitt's Maturity Gap Thesis for Adolescent Offending: An Evolutionary Perspective and Analysis. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 22:14747049241241432. [PMID: 38528754 DOI: 10.1177/14747049241241432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
While a wealth of research has focused on testing several arguments from Moffitt's developmental taxonomy of antisocial behavior-mainly the presence of life-course-persistent vs. adolescence-limited offending and predictors of each trajectory-much less attention has been devoted to examining how evolutionarily adaptive lifestyle factors common during adolescence may condition the relationship between the maturity gap and delinquent offending. One factor that may play a role during this period of development is alcohol use, as many adolescents begin to experiment with consuming alcohol in varying degrees in social settings to model adult-like behaviors. Yet presently much is unknown about the role of alcohol use on the association between the maturity gap and delinquency. The current study aims to address this void in the literature by analyzing data from a U.S. sample of adolescent males (N = 1,276) to assess whether alcohol use moderates the relationship between the maturity gap and delinquent behavior. Findings suggest that the maturity gap is associated with delinquent behavior and that the association becomes weaker at higher levels of alcohol use. The implications of these findings for Moffitt's maturity gap thesis and male offending from an evolutionary perspective are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan L Royle
- Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
| | - Eric J Connolly
- Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ståhlberg O, Boman S, Robertsson C, Kerekes N, Anckarsäter H, Nilsson T. A 3-year follow-up study of Swedish youths committed to juvenile institutions: Frequent occurrence of criminality and health care use regardless of drug abuse. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 2017; 50:52-60. [PMID: 27745884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This 3-year follow-up study compares background variables, extent of criminality and criminal recidivism in the form of all court convictions, the use of inpatient care, and number of early deaths in Swedish institutionalized adolescents (N=100) with comorbid substance use disorders (SUD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (n=25) versus those with SUD but no ADHD (n=30), and those without SUD (n=45). In addition it aims to identify whether potential risk factors related to these groups are associated with persistence in violent criminality. Results showed almost no significant differences between the three diagnostic groups, but the SUD plus ADHD group displayed a somewhat more negative outcome with regard to criminality, and the non-SUD group stood out with very few drug related treatment episodes. However, the rate of criminal recidivism was strikingly high in all three groups, and the use of inpatient care as well as the number of untimely deaths recorded in the study population was dramatically increased compared to a age matched general population group. Finally, age at first conviction emerged as the only significant predictor of persistence in violent criminality with an AUC of .69 (CI (95%) .54-.84, p=.02). Regardless of whether SUD, with or without ADHD, is at hand or not, institutionalized adolescents describe a negative course with extensive criminality and frequent episodes of inpatient treatment, and thus requires a more effective treatment than present youth institutions seem to offer today. However, the few differences found between the three groups, do give some support that those with comorbid SUD and ADHD have the worst prognosis with regard to criminality, health, and untimely death, and as such are in need of even more extensive treatment interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ola Ståhlberg
- National Board of Forensic Medicine, Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Gothenburg, Sweden; Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health (CELAM), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Sofia Boman
- Swedish Prison and Probation Services, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | | | - Nóra Kerekes
- Department of Health Sciences, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden.
| | - Henrik Anckarsäter
- Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health (CELAM), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Forensic psychiatry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Ragarden, House 1, SU - East Hospital, SE-416 85 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Thomas Nilsson
- Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health (CELAM), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Forensic psychiatry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Ragarden, House 1, SU - East Hospital, SE-416 85 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Khoddam R, Leventhal AM. Alternative and complementary reinforcers as mechanisms linking adolescent conduct problems and substance use. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2016; 24:376-389. [PMID: 27690501 PMCID: PMC5054745 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The present study tested the hypothesis that teens who engage in conduct problems are more likely to use substances because they engage in fewer alternative reinforcing (i.e., pleasurable) substance-free activities and more complementary reinforcing substance-associated activities. In a cross-sectional, correlational design, 9th grade students (N = 3,383; mean age = 14.6 years) in Los Angeles, California, U.S.A. completed surveys in 2013 measuring conduct problems (e.g., stealing, lying, getting in fights); alternative and complementary reinforcement; use of a number of licit, illicit, and prescription drugs; and other cofactors. Conduct problems were positively associated with past 6-month use of any substance (yes/no) among the overall sample and past 30-day use frequency on a composite index that included 6 substances among past 6-month users. These associations were statistically mediated by diminished alternative reinforcement and increased complementary reinforcement when adjusting for relevant covariates. Conduct problems were associated with lower engagement in alternative reinforcers and increased engagement in complementary reinforcers, which, in turn, were associated with greater likelihood and frequency of substance use. Most mediational relations persisted adjusting for demographic, environmental, and intrapersonal cofactors and generalized to alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use, although, complementary reinforcers did not significantly mediate the relation of conduct problems with alcohol use frequency. These results point to diminished alternative reinforcement and increased complementary reinforcement as mechanisms linking conduct problems and adolescent substance use. Interventions that increase access to and engagement in a diverse set of alternative substance-free activities and deter activities that complement use may prevent substance use in adolescents who engage in conduct problems. (PsycINFO Database Record
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubin Khoddam
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California
| | - Adam M. Leventhal
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California,Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fidalgo TM, Sanchez ZM, Caetano SC, Maia LO, Carlini EA, Martins SS. The association of psychiatric symptomatology with patterns of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use among Brazilian high school students. Am J Addict 2016; 25:416-25. [PMID: 27437619 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Studies have highlighted psychosocial factors associated with drug use among adolescents. Association of specific psychiatric comorbidity with substance use has not been properly established in Brazil. This study aimed to investigate alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use by 15-18-year-old high school Brazilian students and to estimate associations with psychiatric symptoms. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 4,034 students from 128 public and private schools in São Paulo State was carried out using a two-step probability sample. Data were collected through self-report standardized questionnaires including questions on substance use patterns and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Key outcome variables were past-month use and past-month frequent use of alcohol, tobacco and marijuana. Questionnaires with missing information were excluded, resulting in a final sample of 2,532 adolescents. Weighted data was analyzed through logistic regressions, adjusted by gender and by socio-economic status (SES). RESULTS Regarding SDQ total score, 43.6% of students had no psychiatric symptoms, 7.9% had subclinical symptoms and 48.5% presented clinically significant symptoms. Respondents with a clinically significant SDQ score were more likely to be past month alcohol (aOR = 1.51; 95%CI 1.22-1.88), tobacco (aOR = 1.82; 95%CI 1.25-2.66), and marijuana (aOR = 1.79; 95%CI 1.21-2.64) users as compared to those with no symptomatology. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Psychopathological symptoms were associated with alcohol, tobacco and marijuana use by 15-18-year-old adolescents. These associations should also be considered when planning public policies of mental health promotion. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE This study discusses the importance of the association between psychopathological symptoms and substance use in a middle-income country, with high level of social inequalities, in a state representative sample. (Am J Addict 2016;25:416-425).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago M Fidalgo
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zila M Sanchez
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Brazilian Center of Information on Psychotropic Drugs (CEBRID), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sheila C Caetano
- Department of Psychiatry, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit (UPIA), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas O Maia
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Brazilian Center of Information on Psychotropic Drugs (CEBRID), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisaldo A Carlini
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Brazilian Center of Information on Psychotropic Drugs (CEBRID), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia S Martins
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Miller PG, Butler E, Richardson B, Staiger PK, Youssef GJ, Macdonald JA, Sanson A, Edwards B, Olsson CA. Relationships between problematic alcohol consumption and delinquent behaviour from adolescence to young adulthood. Drug Alcohol Rev 2015; 35:317-25. [PMID: 26494311 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy episodic drinking (HED) has been associated with increased risk for short- and long-term injury and harms, such as violence and delinquent behaviour; however, the temporal relationship between the two remains unclear, particularly on transition to young adulthood. This study investigates transactional pathways between HED and delinquent behaviour from adolescence to emerging adulthood. METHODS Data were drawn from the Australian Temperament Project; a population-based longitudinal study that has followed the health and development of participants (and parents) across 30 years from birth in 1982. The analytic sample was 1650 participants and included five measurement waves spanning adolescence (3 waves: 13-18 years) and young adulthood (2 waves; 19-24 years). RESULTS There was strong continuity across waves of both HED and delinquency, as well as across-time associations between them. Delinquent behaviour in adolescence was associated with up to twofold increases in the odds of HED at each subsequent adolescent wave. HED in the late teens was associated with over fourfold increases in the odds of persistent (two waves) HED in young adulthood. HED in the late teens was associated with increases in the odds of delinquent behaviour in young adulthood (over twofold for male and one and a half-fold for female participants). CONCLUSIONS While delinquent behaviour predicts both future HED and future delinquent behaviour in adolescence, once young people reach the legal drinking age of 18 years, HED becomes a predictor of current and future delinquent behaviour and future HED, suggesting that increased access to alcohol increases the likelihood of young people engaging in delinquent behaviour. [Miller PG, Butler E, Richardson B, Staiger PK, Youssef GJ, Macdonald JA, Sanson A, Edwards B, Olsson CA. Relationships between problematic alcohol consumption and delinquent behaviour from adolescence to young adulthood. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016;35:317-325].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter G Miller
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University Australia, Geelong, Australia
| | - Erin Butler
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University Australia, Geelong, Australia
| | - Ben Richardson
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University Australia, Geelong, Australia
| | - Petra K Staiger
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University Australia, Geelong, Australia
| | - George J Youssef
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University Australia, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jacqui A Macdonald
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University Australia, Geelong, Australia.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ann Sanson
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ben Edwards
- Australian Institute of Family Studies, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Craig A Olsson
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University Australia, Geelong, Australia.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
High School Sports Involvement Diminishes the Association Between Childhood Conduct Disorder and Adult Antisocial Behavior. J Adolesc Health 2015; 57:107-12. [PMID: 25937472 PMCID: PMC4478127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Life course-persistent antisocial behavior manifests as a display of aggressive and antisocial behavior beginning in childhood (conduct disorder [CD]) and lasting through adulthood (adult antisocial personality disorder). This study aimed to build on prior research by evaluating whether involvement in high school sports helped attenuate the association between CD and subsequent adult antisocial behavior (AAB). METHODS A prospective sample of 967 male and female adolescents (56% adopted) was used. Structured interviews were used to assess CD (symptoms before the age of 15 years), involvement in sports during high school, and past-year adult antisocial personality disorder symptoms in young adulthood (M age = 22.4 years). RESULTS As expected, the association between CD and AAB was significantly less for those involved in sports (β = .28; p < .001) compared with those not involved in sports (β = .49; p < .001), χ(2)(1) = 4.13; p = .04. This difference remained after including known covariates of antisocial behavior in the model (age, gender, adoption status), and results were consistent across males and females. Involvement in other extracurricular activities (e.g., student government, plays, clubs) did not significantly moderate the relationship between CD and AAB. CONCLUSIONS Although selection effects were evident (those with more CD symptoms were less likely to be involved in sports), findings nevertheless suggest high school sports involvement may be a notable factor related to disrupting persistent antisocial behavior beginning in childhood and adolescence and lasting through young adulthood. Implications are discussed.
Collapse
|
7
|
Howard RC. Antisocial personality co-morbid with borderline personality disorder: a pathological expression of androgyny? Personal Ment Health 2015; 9:66-72. [PMID: 25475550 DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
8
|
Howard R. Personality disorders and violence: what is the link? Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 2015; 2:12. [PMID: 26401314 PMCID: PMC4579506 DOI: 10.1186/s40479-015-0033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a well-documented association between personality disorders (PDs) and violence, the relationship between them is complicated by the high comorbidity of mental disorders, the heterogeneity of violence (particularly in regard to its motivation), and differing views regarding the way PDs are conceptualised and measured. In particular, it remains unclear whether there is a causal relationship between PDs and violence, and what the psychological mechanisms might be that mediate such a relationship. Here, a perspective on PD and violence is offered that views the relationship between them through the lenses of the Five Factor Model of personality and a quadripartite typology of violence. Evidence is reviewed suggesting that emotion dysregulation/impulsiveness, psychopathy, and delusional ideation conjointly contribute to the increased risk of violence shown by people with PD, and do so by contributing to a broad severity dimension of personality dysfunction. This view is consistent with the abandonment of personality disorder categories in the forthcoming eleventh edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), where severity of personality disorder is defined in terms of the degree of harm to self and others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Howard
- Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham Innovation Park, Jubilee Campus, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Baltieri DA. Order of onset of drug use and criminal activities in a sample of drug-abusing women convicted of violent crimes. Drug Alcohol Rev 2014; 33:202-10. [DOI: 10.1111/dar.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Antonio Baltieri
- Department of Psychiatry; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
- Department of Neuroscience of ABC Medical School; São Paulo Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Howard R, McCarthy L, Huband N, Duggan C. Re-offending in forensic patients released from secure care: the role of antisocial/borderline personality disorder co-morbidity, substance dependence and severe childhood conduct disorder. CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR AND MENTAL HEALTH : CBMH 2013; 23:191-202. [PMID: 23371302 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.1852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests that a particular externalising phenotype, manifested in a developmental trajectory from severe childhood conduct disorder through early-onset substance abuse to adult antisocial/borderline personality disorder co-morbidity, may increase risk of antisocial behaviour in general and criminal recidivism in particular. AIM This study aims to test the hypothesis that antisocial/borderline co-morbidity together with the triad of substance dependence, severe conduct disorder and borderline pathology would result in an increased risk of criminal recidivism. METHODS Fifty-three men who had been assessed and treated in a secure hospital unit were followed up after they had returned to the community. They were assessed for severity of the following: (i) antisocial personality disorder; (ii) borderline personality disorder; (iii) drug/alcohol dependence; and (iv) high Psychopathy Checklist Revised scores (factors 1 and 2). RESULTS Patients with antisocial/borderline co-morbidity took significantly less time to re-offend compared with those without such co-morbidity. Both Psychopathy Checklist Revised factor 2 and the tripartite risk measure significantly predicted time to re-offence; the former largely accounted for the predictive accuracy of the latter. CONCLUSION Risk of criminal recidivism can be adequately assessed without recourse to the pejorative term 'psychopath'. It is sufficient to assess the presence of the three elements of our risk measure: borderline and antisocial personality disorders in the context of drug/alcohol dependence and severe childhood conduct disorder. Practical implications of the study are as follows. (i) Sound assessment of personality, inclusive of a detailed history of childhood conduct disorder as well as adolescent and adult substance misuse, yields good enough information about risk of recidivism without recourse to the pejorative concept of 'psychopathy'. (ii) Given the high risk of alcohol-related violence in individuals with antisocial/borderline co-morbidity, there is a need for specific alcohol-directed interventions to help such men retain control of their substance use.
Collapse
|
11
|
Freestone M, Howard R, Coid JW, Ullrich S. Adult antisocial syndrome co-morbid with borderline personality disorder is associated with severe conduct disorder, substance dependence and violent antisociality. Personal Ment Health 2013; 7:11-21. [PMID: 24343921 DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that syndromal adult antisocial behaviour (AABS) co-morbid with borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a syndrome that emerges from severe conduct disorder (CD) in childhood and adolescence and is strongly associated, in adulthood, with both violence and substance dependence. In a sample of 8 580 community-resident adults screened for the presence of personality disorders, the following predictions arising from this hypothesis were tested: first, that those with AABS co-morbid with BPD would, in comparison with those showing AABS or BPD only, show a high level of antisocial outcomes, including violence; second, that adjusting for co-morbid alcohol dependence would attenuate group differences in many of the antisocial outcomes, and violence in particular; and third, that the AABS/BPD group would show both a high prevalence and a high severity of CD, and that adjusting for co-morbid CD would attenuate any association found between AABS/BPD co-morbidity and violence. Results confirmed these predictions, suggesting that AABS/BPD co-morbidity mediates the relationship between childhood CD and a predisposition to adult violence. The triad of AABS/BPD co-morbidity, alcohol dependence and severe CD is likely associated with the risk of criminal recidivism in offenders with personality disorder following release into the community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Freestone
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK; North East London Forensic Personality Disorder Service, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lisdahl KM, Gilbart ER, Wright NE, Shollenbarger S. Dare to delay? The impacts of adolescent alcohol and marijuana use onset on cognition, brain structure, and function. Front Psychiatry 2013; 4:53. [PMID: 23847550 PMCID: PMC3696957 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout the world, drug and alcohol use has a clear adolescent onset (Degenhardt et al., 2008). Alcohol continues to be the most popular drug among teens and emerging adults, with almost a third of 12th graders and 40% of college students reporting recent binge drinking (Johnston et al., 2009, 2010), and marijuana (MJ) is the second most popular drug in teens (Johnston et al., 2010). The initiation of drug use is consistent with an overall increase in risk-taking behaviors during adolescence that coincides with significant neurodevelopmental changes in both gray and white matter (Giedd et al., 1996a; Paus et al., 1999; Sowell et al., 1999, 2002, 2004; Gogtay et al., 2004; Barnea-Goraly et al., 2005; Lenroot and Giedd, 2006). Animal studies have suggested that compared to adults, adolescents may be particularly vulnerable to the neurotoxic effects of drugs, especially alcohol and MJ (see Schneider and Koch, 2003; Barron et al., 2005; Monti et al., 2005; Cha et al., 2006; Rubino et al., 2009; Spear, 2010). In this review, we will provide a detailed overview of studies that examined the impact of early adolescent onset of alcohol and MJ use on neurocognition (e.g., Ehrenreich et al., 1999; Wilson et al., 2000; Tapert et al., 2002a; Hartley et al., 2004; Fried et al., 2005; Townshend and Duka, 2005; Medina et al., 2007a; McQueeny et al., 2009; Gruber et al., 2011, 2012; Hanson et al., 2011; Lisdahl and Price, 2012), with a special emphasis on recent prospective longitudinal studies (e.g., White et al., 2011; Hicks et al., 2012; Meier et al., 2012). Finally, we will explore potential clinical and public health implications of these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krista M Lisdahl
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee, WI , USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Howard R, McMurran M. Editorial: Whither research on 'high-harm' offenders with personality disorders? CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR AND MENTAL HEALTH : CBMH 2012; 22:157-164. [PMID: 22711612 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.1834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
|