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Rocchini D, Tordoni E, Marchetto E, Marcantonio M, Barbosa AM, Bazzichetto M, Beierkuhnlein C, Castelnuovo E, Gatti RC, Chiarucci A, Chieffallo L, Da Re D, Di Musciano M, Foody GM, Gabor L, Garzon-Lopez CX, Guisan A, Hattab T, Hortal J, Kunin WE, Jordán F, Lenoir J, Mirri S, Moudrý V, Naimi B, Nowosad J, Sabatini FM, Schweiger AH, Šímová P, Tessarolo G, Zannini P, Malavasi M. A quixotic view of spatial bias in modelling the distribution of species and their diversity. NPJ BIODIVERSITY 2023; 2:10. [PMID: 39242713 PMCID: PMC11332097 DOI: 10.1038/s44185-023-00014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Ecological processes are often spatially and temporally structured, potentially leading to autocorrelation either in environmental variables or species distribution data. Because of that, spatially-biased in-situ samples or predictors might affect the outcomes of ecological models used to infer the geographic distribution of species and diversity. There is a vast heterogeneity of methods and approaches to assess and measure spatial bias; this paper aims at addressing the spatial component of data-driven biases in species distribution modelling, and to propose potential solutions to explicitly test and account for them. Our major goal is not to propose methods to remove spatial bias from the modelling procedure, which would be impossible without proper knowledge of all the processes generating it, but rather to propose alternatives to explore and handle it. In particular, we propose and describe three main strategies that may provide a fair account of spatial bias, namely: (i) how to represent spatial bias; (ii) how to simulate null models based on virtual species for testing biogeographical and species distribution hypotheses; and (iii) how to make use of spatial bias - in particular related to sampling effort - as a leverage instead of a hindrance in species distribution modelling. We link these strategies with good practice in accounting for spatial bias in species distribution modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duccio Rocchini
- BIOME Lab, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Spatial Sciences, Kamýcka 129, Praha - Suchdol, 16500, Czech Republic.
| | - Enrico Tordoni
- Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Science, University of Tartu, J. Liivi 2, 50409, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Elisa Marchetto
- BIOME Lab, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Marcantonio
- Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics Group, Earth and Life Institute, UCLouvain, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - A Márcia Barbosa
- CICGE (Centro de Investigação em Ciências Geo-Espaciais), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuele Bazzichetto
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Spatial Sciences, Kamýcka 129, Praha - Suchdol, 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Carl Beierkuhnlein
- Biogeography, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, Universitaetsstraße 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Elisa Castelnuovo
- BIOME Lab, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Cazzolla Gatti
- BIOME Lab, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Chiarucci
- BIOME Lab, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ludovico Chieffallo
- BIOME Lab, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Da Re
- Georges Lemaître Center for Earth and Climate Research, Earth and Life Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Michele Di Musciano
- BIOME Lab, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi 1, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giles M Foody
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Lukas Gabor
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Biodiversity and Global Change, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carol X Garzon-Lopez
- Knowledge Infrastructures, Campus Fryslan University of Groningen, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Antoine Guisan
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tarek Hattab
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Sète, France
| | - Joaquin Hortal
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UMR CNRS 7058 "Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés" (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 Rue des Louvels, 80000, Amiens, France
| | - Silvia Mirri
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vítězslav Moudrý
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Spatial Sciences, Kamýcka 129, Praha - Suchdol, 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Babak Naimi
- Rui Nabeiro Biodiversity Chair, MED Institute, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Jakub Nowosad
- Institute of Geoecology and Geoinformation, Adam Mickiewicz University, Krygowskiego 10, 61-680, Poznan, Poland
| | - Francesco Maria Sabatini
- BIOME Lab, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Andreas H Schweiger
- Department of Plant Ecology, Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Petra Šímová
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Spatial Sciences, Kamýcka 129, Praha - Suchdol, 16500, Czech Republic
| | | | - Piero Zannini
- BIOME Lab, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Malavasi
- University of Sassari, Department of Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sassari, Italy
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Cazzolla Gatti R, Menéndez LP, Laciny A, Bobadilla Rodríguez H, Bravo Morante G, Carmen E, Dorninger C, Fabris F, Grunstra NDS, Schnorr SL, Stuhlträger J, Villanueva Hernandez LA, Jakab M, Sarto-Jackson I, Caniglia G. Diversity lost: COVID-19 as a phenomenon of the total environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 756:144014. [PMID: 33279199 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
If we want to learn how to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic, we have to embrace the complexity of this global phenomenon and capture interdependencies across scales and contexts. Yet, we still lack systematic approaches that we can use to deal holistically with the pandemic and its effects. In this Discussion, we first introduce a framework that highlights the systemic nature of the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of the total environment as a self-regulating and evolving system comprising of three spheres, the Geosphere, the Biosphere, and the Anthroposphere. Then, we use this framework to explore and organize information from the rapidly growing number of scientific papers, preprints, preliminary scientific reports, and journalistic pieces that give insights into the pandemic crisis. With this work, we point out that the pandemic should be understood as the result of preconditions that led to depletion of human, biological, and geochemical diversity as well as of feedback that differentially impacted the three spheres. We contend that protecting and promoting diversity, is necessary to contribute to more effective decision-making processes and policy interventions to face the current and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cazzolla Gatti
- Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research, Klosterneuburg, Austria; Biological Institute, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia.
| | - Lumila Paula Menéndez
- Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research, Klosterneuburg, Austria; Department of Anthropology of the Americas, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alice Laciny
- Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research, Klosterneuburg, Austria; Entomology Collection, Natural History Museum Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hernán Bobadilla Rodríguez
- Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research, Klosterneuburg, Austria; Department of Philosophy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Guillermo Bravo Morante
- Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research, Klosterneuburg, Austria; Department of Legal Medicine, Toxicology and Physical Anthropology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Esther Carmen
- Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research, Klosterneuburg, Austria; Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, UK
| | - Christian Dorninger
- Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Flavia Fabris
- Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Nicole D S Grunstra
- Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research, Klosterneuburg, Austria; Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Mammal Collection, Natural History Museum Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephanie L Schnorr
- Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research, Klosterneuburg, Austria; Department of Anthropology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Julia Stuhlträger
- Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research, Klosterneuburg, Austria; Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Manuel Jakab
- Department for Academic Communication, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Guido Caniglia
- Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research, Klosterneuburg, Austria
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Cazzolla Gatti R, Callaghan TV, Rozhkova-Timina I, Dudko A, Lim A, Vorobyev SN, Kirpotin SN, Pokrovsky OS. The role of Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber) in the storage, emission and deposition of carbon in lakes and rivers of the River Ob flood plain, western Siberia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 644:1371-1379. [PMID: 30743849 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have reported significant emission of greenhouse gasses (GHG) from beaver dams, suggesting that ponds created by beavers are a net source of CO2 and CH4. However, most evidence come from studies conducted in North America (on Castor canadensis) without a parallel comparison with the Eurasian beaver's (Castor fiber) impacts and a critical consideration of the importance of the carbon deposition in dam sediments. The most abundant population of the Eurasian beaver lives in Russia, notably within the River Ob watershed in Western Siberia which is the second largest floodplain on Earth. Consequently, we assessed the holistic impact of Eurasian beavers on the multiple carbon pools in water and on other related biogeochemical parameters of the Ob's floodplain streams. We compared dammed and flowing streams in a floodplain of the middle course of the river. We found that beavers in western Siberia increase the stream emission of methane by about 15 times by building their dams. This is similar to what has been documented in North America. A new finding from the present study is that Siberian beavers facilitate 1) nutrient recycling by speeding up the nutrient release from particulate organic matter; and 2) carbon sequestration by increasing the amount of dissolved organic carbon. This carbon becomes in part recalcitrant when buried in sediments and is, therefore, removed from the short-term carbon cycle. These new results should be taken into consideration in river management and provide a further reason for the conservation and management of Eurasian Beavers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Terry V Callaghan
- Bio-Clim-Land Centre, Biological Institute, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia; Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Inna Rozhkova-Timina
- Bio-Clim-Land Centre, Biological Institute, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Anastasia Dudko
- Department of Geoecology and Geochemistry, Institute of Natural Resources, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Artyom Lim
- Bio-Clim-Land Centre, Biological Institute, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Sergey N Vorobyev
- Bio-Clim-Land Centre, Biological Institute, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Sergey N Kirpotin
- Bio-Clim-Land Centre, Biological Institute, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Oleg S Pokrovsky
- GET UMR 5563 CNRS, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France; IEPS, Federal Centre for Integrated Arctic Research, 23 Naberezh Sev Dviny, 163000 Arkhangelsk, Russia
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Cazzolla Gatti R, Dudko A, Lim A, Velichevskaya AI, Lushchaeva IV, Pivovarova AV, Ventura S, Lumini E, Berruti A, Volkov IV. The last 50 years of climate-induced melting of the Maliy Aktru glacier (Altai Mountains, Russia) revealed in a primary ecological succession. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:7401-7420. [PMID: 30151159 PMCID: PMC6106165 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we report and discuss the results obtained from a survey of plants, microorganisms (bacteria and fungi), and soil elements along a chronosequence in the first 600 m of the Maliy Aktru glacier's forefront (Altai Mountains, Russia). Many glaciers of the world show effects of climate change. Nonetheless, except for some local reports, the ecological effects of deglaciation have been poorly studied and have not been quantitatively assessed in the Altai Mountains. Here, we studied the ecological changes of plants, fungi, bacteria, and soil elements that take the form of a primary ecological succession and that took place over the deglaciated soil of the Maliy Aktru glacier during the last 50 year. According to our measurements, the glacier lost about 12 m per year during the last 50 years. Plant succession shows clear signs of changes along the incremental distance from the glacier forefront. The analysis of the plant α- and β-diversity confirmed an expected increase of them with increasing distance from the glacier forefront. Moreover, the analysis of β-diversity confirmed the hypothesis of the presence of three main stages of the plant succession: (a) initial (pioneer species) from 30 to 100 m; (b) intermediate (r-selected species) from 110 to 120-150 m; and (c) final (K-selected species) from 150 to 550. Our study also shows that saprotrophic communities of fungi are widely distributed in the glacier retreating area with higher relative abundances of saprotroph ascomycetes at early successional stages. The evolution of a primary succession is also evident for bacteria, soil elements, and CO 2 emission and respiration. The development of biological communities and the variation in geochemical parameters represent an irrefutable proof that climate change is altering soils that have been long covered by ice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anastasia Dudko
- Department of Geoecology and GeochemistryInstitute of Natural ResourcesTomsk Polytechnic UniversityTomskRussia
| | - Artem Lim
- Bio‐Clim‐Land CentreBiological InstituteTomsk State UniversityTomskRussia
| | | | - Inna V. Lushchaeva
- Bio‐Clim‐Land CentreBiological InstituteTomsk State UniversityTomskRussia
| | | | - Stefano Ventura
- Institute of Ecosystem StudyNational Research CouncilSesto FiorentinoItaly
| | - Erica Lumini
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionSS Torino—National Research CouncilTorinoItaly
| | - Andrea Berruti
- Institute for Sustainable Plant ProtectionSS Torino—National Research CouncilTorinoItaly
| | - Igor V. Volkov
- Bio‐Clim‐Land CentreBiological InstituteTomsk State UniversityTomskRussia
- Tomsk State Pedagogical UniversityTomskRussia
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