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Zhang Y, Li J, Yu S, Li W, Dou Y, Zhang C. Adenosine triphosphate alleviates high temperature-enhanced glyphosate toxicity in maize seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108550. [PMID: 38555720 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular ATP plays a key role in regulating plants stress responses. Here, we aimed to determine whether ATP can alleviate the glyphosate toxicity in maize seedlings under high temperature by regulating antioxidant responses. Foliar spraying with 100 μM glyphosate inhibited the growth of maize seedlings at room temperature (25 °C), leading to an increase in shikimic acid accumulation and oxidative stress (evaluated via lipid peroxidation, free proline, and H2O2 content) in the leaves, all of which were further exacerbated by high temperature (35 °C). The growth inhibition and oxidative stress caused by glyphosate were both alleviated by exogenous ATP. Moreover, the glyphosate-induced antioxidant enzyme activity and antioxidant accumulation were attenuated by high temperature, while ATP treatment reversed this inhibitory effect. Similarly, qPCR data showed that the relative expression levels of antioxidant enzyme-related genes (CAT1, GR1, and γ-ECS) in maize leaves were upregulated by ATP before exposure to GLY. Moreover, high temperature-enhanced GLY residue accumulation in maize leaves was reduced by ATP. ATP-induced detoxification was attenuated through NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibition. Higher NOX activities and O2•- production were noted in ATP-treated maize leaves compared to controls prior to GLY treatment, indicating that the extracellular ATP-induced alleviation of GLY toxicity was closely associated with NOX-dependent reactive oxygen species signalling. The current findings present a new approach for reducing herbicide toxicity in crops exposed to high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University/Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Jiayu Li
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University/Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Song Yu
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University/Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Weiqing Li
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University/Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Yi Dou
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University/Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University/Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China.
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Nawaz M, Hussain I, Mahmood-ur-Rehman, Ashraf MA, Rasheed R. Salicylic Acid and Gemma-Aminobutyric Acid Mediated Regulation of Growth, Metabolites, Antioxidant Defense System and Nutrient Uptake in Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) Under Arsenic Stress. Dose Response 2024; 22:15593258241258407. [PMID: 38803513 PMCID: PMC11129579 DOI: 10.1177/15593258241258407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Arsenic (As) is a highly toxic and carcinogenic pollutant commonly found in soil and water, posing significant risks to human health and plant growth. Objective The objectives of this study to evaluate morphological, biochemical, and physiological markers, as well as ion homeostasis, to alleviate the toxic effects of As in sunflowers through the exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and their combination. Methods A pot experiment was conducted using two sunflower genotypes, FH-779 and FH-773, subjected to As stress (60 mg kg-1) to evaluate the effects of SA at 100 mg L-1, GABA at 200 mg L-1, and their combination on growth and related physiological and biochemical attributes under As stress. Results The study revealed that As toxicity had a detrimental effect on various growth parameters, chlorophyll pigments, relative water content, total proteins, and nutrient uptake in sunflower plants. It also led to increased oxidative stress, as indicated by higher levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), along with As accumulation in the roots and leaves. However, the application of SA and GABA protected against As-induced damage by enhancing the enzymatic antioxidant defense system. This was achieved through the activation of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) activities, as well as an increase in osmolytes. They also improved nutrient acquisition and plant growth under As toxicity. Conclusions We investigated the regulatory roles of SA and GABA in mitigating arsenic-induced phytotoxic effects on sunflower. Our results revealed a significant interaction between SA and GABA in regulating growth, photosynthesis, metabolites, antioxidant defense systems, and nutrient uptake in sunflower under As stress. These findings provide valuable insights into plant defense mechanisms and strategies to enhance stress tolerance in contaminated environments. In the future, SA and GABA could be valuable tools for managing stress in other important crops facing abiotic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Iqbal Hussain
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mahmood-ur-Rehman
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad A. Ashraf
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Rasheed
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Lu X, Yan L, Zhou X, Qu T. Highly selective colorimetric determination of glutathione based on sandwich-structured nanoenzymes composed of gold nanoparticle-coated molecular imprinted metal-organic frameworks. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:140. [PMID: 38363397 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06167-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
A sandwich-structured composite nanoenzyme (NH2-MIL-101(Fe)@Au@MIP) was prepared using molecularly imprinted polymers, metal-organic frameworks, and gold nanoparticles and a highly selective glutathione (GSH) colorimetric sensor was constructed. The inner part of the composite nanoenzymes is a metal-organic framework loaded with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), NH2-MIL-101(Fe)@Au, which has superior peroxidase-like activity compared with NH2-MIL-101(Fe). This is due to the surface plasmon resonance effect of AuNPs. GSH can form strong Au-S bonds with AuNPs, which can significantly reduce the enzymatic activity of NH2-MIL-101(Fe)@Au, thereby changing the absorbance at 450 nm of the sensing system. The degree of change in absorbance is correlated with the concentration of GSH. In the outer part, the molecularly imprinted polymer with oxidized glutathione (GSSG) as a dummy template provided specific pores, which significantly improved the selectivity of the sensing system. The sensor showed good GSH sensing performance in the range 1 ~ 50 μM with a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.231 μM and good sensing performance in fetal bovine serum, indicating its high potential for clinical diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Liqiu Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Tingli Qu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
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Deng B, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Fan Y, Tian S. Exogenous ATP triggers antioxidant defense system and alleviates Cd toxicity in maize seedlings. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 256:114898. [PMID: 37043944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The role of exogenous adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) in the regulation of antioxidant response in plants under heavy metal stress is unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of exogenous ATP application on plant growth, antioxidant response, and Cd accumulation in maize seedlings. Treatment with 0.1 mM CdCl2 moderately reduced dry weight, decreased chlorophyll content, impaired photosynthesis, and increased lipid peroxidation in maize seedlings compared with controls. However, toxicity due to Cd was alleviated after 10-200 µM ATP treatment. Subsequently, the activity of Cd-regulated antioxidant enzymes, antioxidant metabolite accumulation, and total antioxidant capacity were drastically enhanced after 50 µM ATP treatment. Similar patterns were observed in the ADP-treated group but not in the AMP-treated group under Cd stress. However, the ATP-induced elevation in antioxidant defense ability was decreased by the inhibition of NADPH oxidase (NOX). ATP-induced elevation in NOX activity and H2O2 production was partly reversed by the inhibition of NOX in maize seedlings under Cd stress. Furthermore, ATP promoted Cd accumulation in the roots and shoots of maize seedlings. However, the ATP-induced increase in Cd accumulation was partly abolished by the inhibition of NOX. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the role and mechanism of exogenous ATP in regulating plant growth, antioxidant response, and heavy metal phytoextraction. The study provides a new method based on exogenous ATP for enhancing heavy metal tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benliang Deng
- Life Science College, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan 471934, China.
| | - Jing Zhao
- Clinical Laboratory of Dingxi People's Hospital, Dingxi, Gansu 743000, China
| | - Yumeng Zhang
- School of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Yipu Fan
- Life Science College, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan 471934, China
| | - Shan Tian
- Life Science College, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan 471934, China
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Kaya C, Ugurlar F, Ashraf M, Ahmad P. Salicylic acid interacts with other plant growth regulators and signal molecules in response to stressful environments in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 196:431-443. [PMID: 36758290 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is one of the potential plant growth regulators (PGRs) that regulate plant growth and development by triggering many physiological and metabolic processes. It is also known to be a crucial component of plant defense mechanisms against environmental stimuli. In stressed plants, it is documented that it can effectively modulate a myriad of metabolic processes including strengthening of oxidative defense system by directly or indirectly limiting the buildup of reactive nitrogen and oxygen radicals. Although it is well recognized that it performs a crucial role in plant tolerance to various stresses, it is not fully elucidated that whether low or high concentrations of this PGR is effective to achieve optimal growth of plants under stressful environments. It is also not fully understood that to what extent and in what manner it cross-talks with other potential growth regulators and signalling molecules within the plant body. Thus, this critical review discusses how far SA mediates crosstalk with other key PGRs and molecular components of signalling pathways mechanisms, particularly in plants exposed to environmental cues. Moreover, the function of SA exogenously applied in regulation of growth and development as well as reinforcement of oxidative defense system of plants under abiotic stresses is explicitly elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Kaya
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey.
| | - Ferhat Ugurlar
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Ashraf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Pakistan; International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, The University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC, Pulwama, 192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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NADPH oxidase contributes to the production of reactive oxygen species in Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Biotechnol Lett 2023; 45:199-207. [PMID: 36504267 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03330-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) play an important role in oxidative stress and are related to the lipid accumulation in microalgae. Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH) oxidase can oxidize O2 to O2- ultimately. However, the function of NADPH oxidase and its contribution to the production of the intracellular total ROS are still unclear. In this study, the function of NADPH oxidase in Chlorella pyrenoidosa (C. pyrenoidosa) was investigated by adding activators Ca2+ and NADPH and inhibitors EGTA, LaCl3, DPI and BAPTA of NADPH oxidase. The results show that the addition of activators of Ca2+ or NADPH significantly increased the intracellular concentrations of ROS molecules (H2O2, O2-, and OH·) in C. pyrenoidosa. Moreover, the intracellular ROS level was higher under the nitrogen-deficient and phosphorus-deficient conditions than in control condition, but the addition of the inhibitors (EGTA, LaCl3, DPI, and BAPTA) of NADPH oxidase significantly reduced the intracellular concentrations of H2O2, O2-, and OH·. The study shows that NADPH oxidase actively participated in the production of intracellular ROS in C. pyrenoidosa, demonstrating that NADPH oxidase was another important element in the production of intracellular ROS in addition to mitochondria, chloroplasts and lysozymes in microalgae.
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Rahman SU, Nawaz MF, Gul S, Yasin G, Hussain B, Li Y, Cheng H. State-of-the-art OMICS strategies against toxic effects of heavy metals in plants: A review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113952. [PMID: 35999767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution of heavy metals (HMs), mainly due to anthropogenic activities, has received growing attention in recent decades. HMs, especially the non-essential carcinogenic ones, including chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), aluminum (Al), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As), have appeared as the most significant air, water, and soil pollutants, which adversely affect the quantity, quality, and security of plant-based food all over the world. Plants exposed to HMs could experience significant decline in growth and yield. To avoid or tolerate the toxic effects of HMs, plants have developed complicated defense mechanisms, including absorption and accumulation of HMs in cell organelles, immobilization by forming complexes with organic chelates, extraction by using numerous transporters, ion channels, signalling cascades, and transcription elements, among others. OMICS strategies have developed significantly to understand the mechanisms of plant transcriptomics, genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and ionomics to counter HM-mediated stress stimuli. These strategies have been considered to be reliable and feasible for investigating the roles of genomics (genomes), transcriptomic (coding), mRNA transcripts (non-coding), metabolomics (metabolites), and ionomics (metal ions) to enhance stress resistance or tolerance in plants. The recent developments in the mechanistic understandings of the HMs-plant interaction in terms of their absorption, translocation, and toxicity invasions at the molecular and cellular levels, as well as plants' response and adaptation strategies against these stressors, are summarized in the present review. Transcriptomics, genomics, metabolomics, proteomics, and ionomics for plants against HMs toxicities are reviewed, while challenges and future recommendations are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafeeq Ur Rahman
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China; MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Muhammad Farrakh Nawaz
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, University of Agricultureó, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Gul
- Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Yasin
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan
| | - Babar Hussain
- Department of Plant Science Karakoram International University (KIU), Gilgit 15100, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
| | - Yanliang Li
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China; Dongguan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution and Ecological Safety Regulation, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China.
| | - Hefa Cheng
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Arianmehr M, Karimi N, Souri Z. Exogenous supplementation of Sulfur (S) and Reduced Glutathione (GSH) Alleviates Arsenic Toxicity in Shoots of Isatis cappadocica Desv and Erysimum allionii L. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:64205-64214. [PMID: 35469387 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19477-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The current study was conducted to investigate the role of sulfur (S) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in mitigating arsenic (As) toxicity in Isatis cappadocica and Erysimum allionii. These plants were exposed for 3 weeks to different concentrations (0, 400 and 800 μM) of As to measure fresh weight, total chlorophyll, proline and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, As and S accumulation, and guaiacol peroxidase (POD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) along with the supplementation of 20 mg L-1 of S and 500 μM of GSH. Results revealed the significant reduction of fresh weight (especially in E. allionii), activities of POD and GST enzymes and proline content as compare to control. However, the application of S and GSH enhanced the fresh weight. Inhibition in H2O2 accumulation and improvement in antioxidant responses were measured with the application of S and GSH. Hence, the supplementation of S and GSH enhanced fresh weight and total chlorophyll in both I. cappadocica and E. allionii by alleviating the adverse effects of As stress via decreased H2O2 content and restricted As uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Arianmehr
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Naser Karimi
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Zahra Souri
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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9
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Cheng Z, Shi C, Gao X, Wang X, Kan G. Biochemical and Metabolomic Responses of Antarctic Bacterium Planococcus sp. O5 Induced by Copper Ion. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10060302. [PMID: 35736910 PMCID: PMC9230899 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10060302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution in the Antarctic has gone beyond our imagination. Copper toxicity is a selective pressure on Planococcus sp. O5. We observed relatively broad tolerance in the polar bacterium. The heavy metal resistance pattern is Pb2+ > Cu2+ > Cd2+ > Hg2+ > Zn2+. In the study, we combined biochemical and metabolomics approaches to investigate the Cu2+ adaptation mechanisms of the Antarctic bacterium. Biochemical analysis revealed that copper treatment elevated the activity of antioxidants and enzymes, maintaining the bacterial redox state balance and normal cell division and growth. Metabolomics analysis demonstrated that fatty acids, amino acids, and carbohydrates played dominant roles in copper stress adaptation. The findings suggested that the adaptive mechanisms of strain O5 to copper stress included protein synthesis and repair, accumulation of organic permeable substances, up-regulation of energy metabolism, and the formation of fatty acids.
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Bamagoos AA, Mallhi ZI, El-Esawi MA, Rizwan M, Ahmad A, Hussain A, Alharby HF, Alharbi BM, Ali S. Alleviating lead-induced phytotoxicity and enhancing the phytoremediation of castor bean ( Ricinus communis L.) by glutathione application: new insights into the mechanisms regulating antioxidants, gas exchange and lead uptake. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2021; 24:933-944. [PMID: 34634959 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2021.1985959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals pollution represents a serious issue for cultivable lands and ultimately threatens the worldwide food security. Lead (Pb) is a menacing metal which induces toxicity in plants and humans. Lead toxicity reduces the photosynthesis in plants, resulting in the reduction of plant growth and biomass. The excessive concentration of Pb in soil accumulates in plants body and enters into food chain, resulting in health hazards in humans. The phytoremediation is eco-friendly and cost-efficient technique to clean up the polluted soils. However, to the best of our Knowledge, there are very few reports addressing the enhancement of the phytoremediation potential of castor bean plants. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the potential role of glutathione (GSH), as a promising plant growth regulator, in enhancing the lead stress tolerance and phytoremediation potential of castor bean plants grown under lead stress conditions. The results indicated that Pb stress reduced the growth, biomass, chlorophyll pigments and gas exchange attributes of castor bean plants, causing oxidative damage in plants. Pb stress induced the oxidative stress markers and activities of antioxidant enzymes. On the other hand, the application of GSH reduced oxidative stress markers, but enhanced the growth, biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange attributes, Pb accumulation and antioxidant enzymes activities of lead-stressed castor bean plants. Both Pb uptake and Pb accumulation were increased by increasing concentrations of Pb in a dose-additive manner. However, at high dose of exogenous GSH (25 mg L-1) further enhancements were recorded in the Pb uptake in shoot by 48% and in root by 46%; Pb accumulation was further enhanced in shoot by 98% and in root by 101% in comparison with the respective control where no GSH was applied. Taken together, the findings revealed the promising role of GSH in enhancing the lead stress tolerance and phytoremediation potential of castor bean (Ricinus communis) plants cultivated in Pb-polluted soils through regulating leaf gas exchange, antioxidants machinery, and metal uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif A Bamagoos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahid Imran Mallhi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Awais Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hesham F Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basmah M Alharbi
- Biology department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Malik M, Mahmood S, Noreen S, Abid R, Ghaffar S, Zahra S, Shah T, Ahmad A. Lead contamination affects the primary productivity traits, biosynthesis of macromolecules and distribution of metal in durum wheat ( Triticumdurum L.). Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:4946-4956. [PMID: 34466070 PMCID: PMC8381079 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.06.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) pollution emerged as an international issue particularly during second and third industrial revolution and is of serious global concern. Cereal crops have shown different capabilities, innate variability and mechanisms to cope with heavy metals present in their environment. Keeping in view the perspectives of food security and safety with increasing demand for Triticum durum L. it becomes imperative to appraise sustainability potential of the crop for Pb contaminated soils. The current study was conducted to test the hypothesis that T. durum germplasm holds genetic variability to evolve under Pb contamination through modulations of morpho-biochemical parameters of selective advantage. The performance of nine T. durum L. cultivars (CBD25, CBD46, CBD58, CBD59, CBD63, CBD66, CBD68, CBD69 and CBD82) was evaluated following exposure to varying Pb levels (control, 10, 20 and 40 mg kg-1) in soil. Growth, biosynthesis of macromolecules and metal distribution in plant parts were assessed using valid procedures and protocols. The cultivars exhibited a differential degree of tolerance to Pb and among the tested germplasm, CBD59 performed better followed by CBD63 and CBD66 for their primary productivity traits, biosynthesis of pigments and other macromolecules (amino acids, proteins and sugar) along with resilience for Pb uptake and its consequent bioaccumulation in grains. The traits used in the study served as strong predictors to provide superior/selective ability to survive under contaminated environment. The study signified that metal tolerance/sensitivity in the cultivars is independent of magnitude of metal stress, growth responses and Pb accumulation in plant parts hence varied in space and time. The existence of genetic variability, which is a pre-requisite for selection can definitely be of great advantage for future breeding projects to develop high yielding varieties/ cultivars of durum wheat with Pb free grains to assure food security and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahwish Malik
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Seema Mahmood
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Sibgha Noreen
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Rafia Abid
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Ghaffar
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Saman Zahra
- Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Shah
- Agroecology, Universite de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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