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Ahkin Chin Tai JK, Horzmann KA, Jenkins TL, Akoro IN, Stradtman S, Aryal UK, Freeman JL. Adverse developmental impacts in progeny of zebrafish exposed to the agricultural herbicide atrazine during embryogenesis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 180:108213. [PMID: 37774458 PMCID: PMC10613503 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine (ATZ) is an herbicide commonly used on crops in the Midwestern US and other select global regions. The US Environmental Protection Agency ATZ regulatory limit is 3 parts per billion (ppb; µg/L), but this limit is often exceeded. ATZ has a long half-life, is a common contaminant of drinking water sources, and is indicated as an endocrine disrupting chemical in multiple species. The zebrafish was used to test the hypothesis that an embryonic parental ATZ exposure alters protein levels leading to modifications in morphology and behavior in developing progeny. Zebrafish embryos (F1) were collected from adults (F0) exposed to 0, 0.3, 3, or 30 ppb ATZ during embryogenesis. Differential proteomics, morphology, and behavior assays were completed with offspring aged 120 or 144 h with no additional chemical treatment. Proteomic analysis identified differential expression of proteins associated with neurological development and disease; and organ and organismal morphology, development, and injury, specifically the skeletomuscular system. Head length and ratio of head length to total length was significantly increased in the F1 of 0.3 and 30 ppb ATZ groups (p < 0.05). Based on molecular pathway alterations, further craniofacial morphology assessment found decreased distance for cartilaginous structures, decreased surface area and distance between saccular otoliths, and a more posteriorly positioned notochord (p < 0.05), indicating delayed ossification and skeletal growth. The visual motor response assay showed hyperactivity in progeny of the 30 ppb treatment group for distance moved and of the 0.3 and 30 ppb treatment groups for time spent moving (p < 0.05). Due to the changes in saccular otoliths, an acoustic startle assay was completed and showed decreased response in the 0.3 and 30 ppb treatments (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that a single embryonic parental exposure alters cellular pathways in their progeny that lead to perturbations in craniofacial development and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katharine A Horzmann
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Thomas L Jenkins
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Isabelle N Akoro
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Sydney Stradtman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Uma K Aryal
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Bindley Bioscience Center, Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Jensen AS, Coffman VR, Schullehner J, Trabjerg BB, Pedersen CB, Hansen B, Olsen J, Pedersen M, Stayner LT, Sigsgaard T. Prenatal exposure to tap water containing nitrate and the risk of small-for-gestational-age: A nationwide register-based study of Danish births, 1991-2015. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 174:107883. [PMID: 37001213 PMCID: PMC10172763 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal nitrate exposure from household tap water has been associated with increased risk of fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, birth defects, and childhood cancer. We aim to examine the association between maternal consumption of drinking-water nitrate during pregnancy and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) in a nationwide study of Danish-born children, as only one prior study has examined this association. METHODS We linked individual-level household estimates of nitrate in tap water and birth registry data to all live singleton Danish births during 1991-2015 from Danish-born parents where the mother resided in Denmark throughout the pregnancy. Exposure was both binned into four categories and modeled as an ln-transformed continuous variable. SGA was defined as the bottom 10% of births by birth weight per sex and gestational week. Multiple logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations were used to account for siblings born to the same mother while controlling for relevant confounders. RESULTS In the cohort of 1,078,892 births, the median pregnancy nitrate exposure was 1.9 mg/L nitrate. Compared to the reference group (≤2 mg/L), we found an increased risk of SGA in the second category (>2-5 mg/L) (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.03-1.06) and third category (>5-25 mg/L) (OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00-1.04) but not in the highest (>25 mg/L). There was strong (p = 0.002) evidence of an increase in SGA with nitrate in the model with continuous exposure (OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01-1.04 per 10-fold increase in nitrate). Results were robust when restricting to households with nitrate levels at or below the current Danish and European Union regulatory drinking water standard (50 mg/L nitrate). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that exposure from nitrate in household tap water, even below current regulatory standards, may increase risk of SGA, raising concerns of whether current allowable nitrate levels in drinking water protect children from SGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Søndergaard Jensen
- Centre for Integrated Register-based Research (CIRRAU), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Big Data Centre for Environment and Health (BERTHA), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vanessa R Coffman
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jörg Schullehner
- Big Data Centre for Environment and Health (BERTHA), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Groundwater and Quaternary Geology Mapping, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Betina B Trabjerg
- Centre for Integrated Register-based Research (CIRRAU), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; National Centre for Register-Based Research (NCRR), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Carsten B Pedersen
- Centre for Integrated Register-based Research (CIRRAU), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Big Data Centre for Environment and Health (BERTHA), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; National Centre for Register-Based Research (NCRR), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Hansen
- Department of Groundwater and Quaternary Geology Mapping, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørn Olsen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marie Pedersen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leslie T Stayner
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Torben Sigsgaard
- Centre for Integrated Register-based Research (CIRRAU), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Big Data Centre for Environment and Health (BERTHA), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Shan W, Hu W, Wen Y, Ding X, Ma X, Yan W, Xia Y. Evaluation of atrazine neurodevelopment toxicity in vitro-application of hESC-based neural differentiation model. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 103:149-158. [PMID: 34146662 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine is one of the widely used herbicides in the world and most of the current researches on atrazine neurodevelopment toxicity have focused on rodents or zebrafish models in vivo, resulting in relatively high cost, time consumption, and lower translational value to identify its hazard for the developing brain. Major international initiatives have pushed forward to convert the traditional animal-based developmental toxicity tests to in vitro assays using human cells to detect and predict chemical health hazards. In this study, we presented a human neural differentiation model based on human embryonic stem cells (hESC) that can be used to test toxicity at different stages of neural differentiation in vitro. hESC were differentiated into neural stem cells (NSC) and then terminally differentiated towards mixed neurons and glial cells for 21 days. Cell survival, proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and gene expression levels were examined. Our results demonstrated that atrazine inhibited the proliferation of hESC and NSC, and showed different toxic sensitivity on these two kinds of cells. Also, atrazine blocked the NSC cell cycle G1 phase via down-regulating CCND1, CDK2, and CDK4, with no obvious effect on apoptosis. In addition, atrazine curbed EB spontaneous differentiation and NSC-induced neurons and glia cells differentiation. Atrazine altered genes expression levels of PAX6, TUBB3, NCAM1, GFAP, TH, NR4A1, and GRIA1. From the data we obtained, we recognized that the dopaminergic system was not the only target of atrazine neurotoxicity, glutamatergic neurons and astrocytes were also adversely affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiyue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingwang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China.
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Huang W, Wang X, Zheng S, Wu R, Liu C, Wu K. Effect of bisphenol A on craniofacial cartilage development in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos: A morphological study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 212:111991. [PMID: 33548570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical, is present in everyday-used consumables and common household products. Although the side effects of BPA have been sufficiently explored, little is known the effects of environmentally relevant low levels of BPA on chondrogenesis in skeletal development. Here we used a morphological approach to investigate whether exposure to BPA (0, 0.0038, 0.05, 0.1, 1.0 μM) could affect craniofacial cartilage development of zebrafish embryo. Furthermore, we sought to determine receptor-mediated BPA induced chondrogenesis toxicity by co-exposing developing embryos to BPA and various inhibitors. Low-dose BPA affected heart rate and induced body and head elongation of larvae. Quantitative morphometric and histopathological analysis revealed that BPA exposure changed the angle and length of craniofacial cartilage elements and disrupted chondrocytes. BPA induced pharyngeal cartilage defects via multiple cellular pathways, including estrogen receptor, androgen receptor, and estrogen-related receptors. Our findings demonstrate that BPA alters the normal development of cartilage and craniofacial structures in zebrafish embryos. Furthermore, in this study we find multiple cellular pathways mediating the effects of BPA-induced craniofacial chondrogenesis toxicity. Further experiments will allow for establishing a connection between BPA and increased risk of congenital malformation of the facial cranium in BPA-exposed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Huang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Shukai Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruotong Wu
- School of Life Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Kusheng Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
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Huang W, Zheng S, Xiao J, Liu C, Du T, Wu K. Parental exposure to bisphenol A affects pharyngeal cartilage development and causes global transcriptomic changes in zebrafish (Danio rerio) offspring. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 249:126537. [PMID: 32208220 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As one of the most common endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), bisphenol A (BPA) is a threat to aquatic ecosystems. Despite a rich literature addressing the adverse effects of BPA on various systems in fish models, the potential impact of parental BPA exposure on offspring pharyngeal cartilage development is poorly understood. METHODS Adult zebrafish (F0) were exposed to BPA (1.0 μM) or control for 7 days. Eggs (F1) were collected and exposed to BPA (control, 0.05, 0.1, 1, 10 μM) until 120 h post-fertilization. Histomorphometrical essay was used to quantitatively and qualitatively assess the effects of BPA on pharyngeal cartilage development. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to discover differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and KEGG pathway and GO enrichment analysis were performed to interpret functional ontology. RESULTS Parental BPA exposure affected hatchability and heart rates of F1 progeny. By pathology analysis, parental BPA exposure caused craniofacial deformity, characterized by wider angles of cartilage elements, disrupted pharyngeal chondrocytes and promoted apoptosis and elongation of head length. RNA-seq suggested that many DEGs were involved in multiple biological processes and signaling pathways; defense responses, reactive oxygen species metabolic process, apoptosis, p53 signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway were closely associated with the toxicity of parental BPA exposure. CONCLUSIONS Parental BPA exposure affected chondrogenesis in the viscerocranium of zebrafish offspring and led to global transcriptomic changes involved in apoptosis, hyperplasia and oxidative stress. These newly identified gene expression patterns, pathways and gene networks of zebrafish eleutheroembryos after early-life waterborne BPA exposure, may lead to severe and permanent morphological and functional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Huang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Shukai Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiefeng Xiao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Taifeng Du
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Kusheng Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
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Kakavandi NR, Hasanvand A, Ghazi-Khansari M, Sezavar AH, Nabizadeh H, Parohan M. Maternal dietary nitrate intake and risk of neural tube defects: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 118:287-293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Ward MH, Jones RR, Brender JD, de Kok TM, Weyer PJ, Nolan BT, Villanueva CM, van Breda SG. Drinking Water Nitrate and Human Health: An Updated Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1557. [PMID: 30041450 PMCID: PMC6068531 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate levels in our water resources have increased in many areas of the world largely due to applications of inorganic fertilizer and animal manure in agricultural areas. The regulatory limit for nitrate in public drinking water supplies was set to protect against infant methemoglobinemia, but other health effects were not considered. Risk of specific cancers and birth defects may be increased when nitrate is ingested under conditions that increase formation of N-nitroso compounds. We previously reviewed epidemiologic studies before 2005 of nitrate intake from drinking water and cancer, adverse reproductive outcomes and other health effects. Since that review, more than 30 epidemiologic studies have evaluated drinking water nitrate and these outcomes. The most common endpoints studied were colorectal cancer, bladder, and breast cancer (three studies each), and thyroid disease (four studies). Considering all studies, the strongest evidence for a relationship between drinking water nitrate ingestion and adverse health outcomes (besides methemoglobinemia) is for colorectal cancer, thyroid disease, and neural tube defects. Many studies observed increased risk with ingestion of water nitrate levels that were below regulatory limits. Future studies of these and other health outcomes should include improved exposure assessment and accurate characterization of individual factors that affect endogenous nitrosation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary H Ward
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr. Room 6E138, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Rena R Jones
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Dr. Room 6E138, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Jean D Brender
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Texas A&M University, School of Public Health, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Theo M de Kok
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-school for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter J Weyer
- The Center for Health Effects of Environmental Contamination, The University of Iowa, 455 Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Bernard T Nolan
- U.S. Geological Survey, Water Mission Area, National Water Quality Program, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Reston, VA 20192, USA.
| | - Cristina M Villanueva
- ISGlobal, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Simone G van Breda
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-school for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Walker BS, Kramer AG, Lassiter CS. Atrazine affects craniofacial chondrogenesis and axial skeleton mineralization in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Toxicol Ind Health 2018; 34:329-338. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233718760419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine is a commonly used herbicide that has previously been implicated as an endocrine-disrupting compound. Previous studies have shown that estrogenic endocrine-disrupting compounds affect the development of the heart, cartilage, and bone in zebrafish ( Danio rerio). To determine whether atrazine has effects similar to other endocrine disruptors, zebrafish embryos were treated with a range of atrazine concentrations. Atrazine treatment at a low concentration of 0.1 µM resulted in significant differences in craniofacial cartilage elements, while concentrations ≥1 µM led to decreased survival and increased heart rates. Fish treated with ≥1 µM atrazine also developed with delayed vertebrae mineralization. Higher concentrations of atrazine caused gross craniofacial defects and decreased hatching rates. Further studies into the molecular pathways disrupted in these developmental processes could shed light on a link between endocrine-disrupting compounds and developmental abnormalities.
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Estimated Maternal Pesticide Exposure from Drinking Water and Heart Defects in Offspring. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14080889. [PMID: 28786932 PMCID: PMC5580593 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14080889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Our objective was to examine the relationship between estimated maternal exposure to pesticides in public drinking water and the risk of congenital heart defects (CHD). We used mixed-effects logistic regression to analyze data from 18,291 nonsyndromic cases with heart defects from the Texas Birth Defects Registry and 4414 randomly-selected controls delivered in Texas from 1999 through 2005. Water district-level pesticide exposure was estimated by linking each maternal residential address to the corresponding public water supply district’s measured atrazine levels. We repeated analyses among independent subjects from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS) (1620 nonsyndromic cases with heart defects and 1335 controls delivered from 1999 through 2005). No positive associations were observed between high versus low atrazine level and eight CHD subtypes or all included heart defects combined. These findings should be interpreted with caution, in light of potential misclassification and relatively large proportions of subjects with missing atrazine data. Thus, more consistent and complete monitoring and reporting of drinking water contaminants will aid in better understanding the relationships between pesticide water contaminants and birth defects.
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Dutra LS, Ferreira AP. Associação entre malformações congênitas e a utilização de agrotóxicos em monoculturas no Paraná, Brasil. SAÚDE EM DEBATE 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-11042017s220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a associação entre o uso de agrotóxicos e as malformações congênitas em municípios com maior exposição aos agrotóxicos no estado do Paraná, Brasil, entre 1994 e 2014. Estudo de abordagem quantitativa, ecológico, conduzido com informações dos nascidos vivos (Sinasc/Ministério da Saúde), elaborando-se taxas de malformações ocorridas de 1994 a 2003 e de 2004 a 2014. Foi encontrada uma tendência crescente nas taxas de malformação congênita no estado do Paraná, com destaque aos municípios de Francisco Beltrão e Cascavel. Essas malformações congênitas podem ser advindas da exposição da população a agrotóxicos, sendo uma sinalização expressiva nos problemas de saúde pública.
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Li XN, Lin J, Xia J, Qin L, Zhu SY, Li JL. Lycopene mitigates atrazine-induced cardiac inflammation via blocking the NF-κB pathway and NO production. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Abstract
Agricultural compounds have been detected in drinking water, some of which are teratogens in animal models. The most commonly detected agricultural compounds in drinking water include nitrate, atrazine, and desethylatrazine. Arsenic can also be an agricultural contaminant, although arsenic often originates from geologic sources. Nitrate has been the most studied agricultural compound in relation to prenatal exposure and birth defects. In several case-control studies published since 2000, women giving birth to babies with neural tube defects, oral clefts, and limb deficiencies were more likely than control mothers to be exposed to higher concentrations of drinking water nitrate during pregnancy. Higher concentrations of atrazine in drinking water have been associated with abdominal defects, gastroschisis, and other defects. Elevated arsenic in drinking water has also been associated with birth defects. Since these compounds often occur as mixtures, it is suggested that future research focus on the impact of mixtures, such as nitrate and atrazine, on birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean D Brender
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 212 Adriance Lab Rd, TAMU MS 1266, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Peter J Weyer
- Center for Health Effects of Environmental Contamination, University of Iowa, 455 Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
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Lin J, Li HX, Xia J, Li XN, Jiang XQ, Zhu SY, Ge J, Li JL. The chemopreventive potential of lycopene against atrazine-induced cardiotoxicity: modulation of ionic homeostasis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24855. [PMID: 27112537 PMCID: PMC4845055 DOI: 10.1038/srep24855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
People who drink water contaminated with atrazine (ATR) over many years can experience problems with their cardiovascular system. Lycopene (LYC) has been shown to exhibit cardiovascular disease preventive effects. However, chemopreventive potential of LYC against ATR-induced cardiotoxicity remains unclear. To determine the effects of ATR and/or LYC on heart, mice were treated with ATR (50 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg) and/or LYC (5 mg/kg) by intragastric administration for 21 days. Histopathological and biochemical analyses, including analysis of ion concentrations (Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+), ATPases (Na+-K+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, Mg2+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase) activities and the transcription of their subunits, were performed on heart. The results revealed that ATR led to decreased Creative Kinase (CK) activity and increased histological alterations. Furthermore, a significant change in Na+, K+ and Ca2+ content and the down-regulation of Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase activities and the mRNA expression of their subunits were observed in ATR-exposed mice. Notably, supplementary LYC significantly protected the heart against ATR-induced damage. In conclusion, ATR induced cardiotoxicity by modulating cardiac ATPase activity and the transcription of its subunits, thereby triggering ionic disturbances. However, supplementary LYC significantly combated ATR-induced cardiotoxicity via the regulation of ATPase activity and subunit transcription. Thus, LYC exhibited a significant chemopreventive potential against ATR-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Xin Li
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Nan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Qing Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Yong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
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Adeyemi JA, da Cunha Martins-Junior A, Barbosa F. Teratogenicity, genotoxicity and oxidative stress in zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio) co-exposed to arsenic and atrazine. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 172-173:7-12. [PMID: 25882832 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic and atrazine are common environmental contaminants probably due to their extensive use as pesticides on agricultural farmlands. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to 0.8mM arsenic, 0.1mM atrazine or mixture of both for 96h, and various indices which are indicative of teratogenicity (egg coagulation, growth retardation, edema formation, hatching success, scoliosis), genotoxicity (DNA tail moments) and oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities) were determined. The negative control were exposed to 0.5% DMSO while the positive control group were exposed to 4mg/L 3,4 dichloroaniline. Egg coagulation was highest in the positive control (85%), followed by the group that was exposed to mixture of arsenic and atrazine (30%) and least in the arsenic-exposed group (20%). The incidences of edema (59%) and growth retardation (35.2%) were more frequent in the group that was exposed to contaminant mixture and least in atrazine-exposed group where incidences of both edema and growth retardation were 15%. The incidence of scoliosis ranged between 20% in arsenic-exposed group and 10% in atrazine-exposed group. Hatching success was generally high in all the groups ranging between 95% in atrazine-exposed group and 88% in the group that was exposed to mixture of arsenic and atrazine. There was no evidence of teratogenic effect in the negative control group. DNA tail moments and lipid peroxidation levels increased significantly while GSH levels and catalase activity decreased significantly in contaminant-exposed groups, especially the mixture compared to the negative control. There was no significant change in GPx activity in the exposed groups compared to the negative control. The results of this study demonstrate that both arsenic and atrazine are potentially teratogenic and genotoxic, and can cause oxidative stress in zebrafish embryos, and these effects are potentiated by toxic interactions between the two contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Adeyemi
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n°, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Osun State University, P.M.B. 4494 Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - Airton da Cunha Martins-Junior
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n°, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n°, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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