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Sheerin KM, Williamson-Butler S, Vieira A, Grant M, Kemp KA. The association between caregiver psychiatric distress and perceived barriers to behavioral health treatment participation for youth in the juvenile legal system. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2024; 50:218-232. [PMID: 37986105 PMCID: PMC10842162 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Youth in the juvenile legal system (JLS) evidence high rates of behavioral health concerns but struggle to access services. Given that caregivers are often tasked with helping their child to initiate and persist with services, it seems important to understand how their own well-being impacts their experiences of barriers to treatment participation for their child. The present study examined the link between caregiver (N = 196; 89% female) psychiatric concerns and experiences of treatment barriers among a sample of youth involved in the JLS. A cluster analysis revealed a cluster of caregivers with clinically significant levels of psychiatric distress and a cluster with low levels of psychiatric distress. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that belonging to the high-distress cluster was predictive of experiencing certain types of barriers to treatment participation. These findings have implications for interventions for addressing barriers to treatment participation for caregivers of legally involved youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin M Sheerin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Bradley Hasbro Children's Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | - Alyssa Vieira
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Miyah Grant
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Kathleen A Kemp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Bradley Hasbro Children's Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Gruszka P, Ganahl K, Stasch N, Burger C, Haberlandt E, Bauer SM. Parental anxiety and depression are associated with adverse mental health in children with special needs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1254277. [PMID: 38074710 PMCID: PMC10699309 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1254277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to restrictions in various areas of life, including social life, work, leisure, health, and education. Vulnerable groups, such as children with special needs and their parents, may be at increased risk of experiencing exacerbated mental health problems during stressful periods such as the COVID-19 lockdowns. Materials and methods Telephone interviews were conducted with 954 parents of children with special needs. We assessed parental levels of generalized anxiety and depression using the validated GAD-7 and PHQ-8 scales. Parents were asked to rate family burden and their worry about the COVID-19 crisis, as well as their children's adverse mental health symptoms and health behaviors. Parents also reported their children's worries about the COVID-19 crisis. We conducted regressions to examine the relationship between parents' mental health problems and their children's adverse mental health symptoms and health behaviors. Qualitative data from open-ended questions were coded thematically and major themes of parental worry about the COVID-19 crisis were identified. Results Parental anxiety and depression symptoms predicted adverse mental health symptoms and behaviors in children with special needs. Criteria for current depression were met by 7.9% of parents of children with special needs, whereas 4.7% of the general population in Vorarlberg met the criteria for current depression according to data from the Austrian Health Interview Survey in 2019. Parental self-ratings of both depression and anxiety were highly correlated. The majority of parents reported being burdened (79.1%) or worried (67.8%) about the COVID-19 crisis. The main themes of parental worry about the COVID-19 crisis included COVID-19 infection (40.6%), economic situation (13.1%), uncertainty (8.4%), lack of social contact with family and friends (8.1%), family health status (7.5%), and school life (7.5%). Discussion Mental health symptoms in parents of children with special needs were strongly associated with increased adverse mental health symptoms and health behaviors in their children. Parents of children with special needs were more likely to be depressed during the COVID-19 pandemic than adults in 2019. We call for additional mental health support to reduce the mental health burden in families with children with special needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Gruszka
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Bregenz, Austria
| | - Kristin Ganahl
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Bregenz, Austria
| | - Nicole Stasch
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Bregenz, Austria
| | - Christoph Burger
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Psychology and Psychodynamics, Karl Landsteiner University for Health Sciences, Krems, Austria
| | - Edda Haberlandt
- Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Bregenz, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Dornbirn, Dornbirn, Austria
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Acri M, Chun Y, Yin S, Msw, Fang C, Joe S, McKay M. Male Caregivers and Engagement in a Family Strengthening Program for Child Disruptive Behavior Disorders. Community Ment Health J 2022; 58:1513-1521. [PMID: 35362804 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-022-00966-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Awareness and interest in involving male caregivers in child mental health treatment has grown, especially for youth with disruptive behavior disorders like oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between male caregiver involvement and treatment engagement for child ODD. Children (n = 122) ages 7-11 and their caregivers participated in the 4 Rs 2 Ss Strengthening Families Program for child-onset ODD. Families were compared based on male caregiver presence. Families with a male caregiver were significantly more resourced with respect to income, educational status, and food security. Additionally, they were over three times less likely to drop out of the program than those without a male caregiver. The presence of a male caregiver was associated with increased resources and higher rates of engagement in services than single, female-headed families. Future research is needed to discern the underlying mechanisms of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Acri
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Langone School of Medicine, One Park Avenue, Room# 7-308, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Yung Chun
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Langone School of Medicine, One Park Avenue, Room# 7-308, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Shuya Yin
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Langone School of Medicine, One Park Avenue, Room# 7-308, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Msw
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Langone School of Medicine, One Park Avenue, Room# 7-308, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Cao Fang
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Langone School of Medicine, One Park Avenue, Room# 7-308, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Sean Joe
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Langone School of Medicine, One Park Avenue, Room# 7-308, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Mary McKay
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Langone School of Medicine, One Park Avenue, Room# 7-308, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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Klimes-Dougan B, Papke V, Carosella KA, Wiglesworth A, Mirza SA, Espensen-Sturges TD, Meester C. Basal and reactive cortisol: A systematic literature review of offspring of parents with depressive and bipolar disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 135:104528. [PMID: 35031342 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
One of the most consistent biological findings in the study of affective disorders is that those with depression commonly show abnormal cortisol response, which suggests dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Children of parents with mood disorders offer the opportunity to explore the biological pathways that may confer risk for psychopathology. This review explores basal and reactive cortisol in the offspring of parents who are currently depressed or have had a history of a depressive or bipolar disorder. Using PRISMA guidelines, search terms yielded 2002 manuscripts. After screening, 87 of these manuscripts were included. Results from the literature suggest that while the degree and direction of dysregulation varies, offspring of a parent with depression tend to show elevations in both basal (particularly morning and evening) and reactive (tentatively for social stressors) cortisol levels. There were few studies focused on offspring of parents with bipolar disorder. This review also discusses implications and recommendations for future research regarding the HPA axis in the intergenerational transmission of depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie Klimes-Dougan
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, 75 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Victoria Papke
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, 75 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Katherine A Carosella
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, 75 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Andrea Wiglesworth
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, 75 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Salahudeen A Mirza
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, 75 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Tori D Espensen-Sturges
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, 75 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Christina Meester
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, 75 East River Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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A Systematic Review Focusing on Psychotherapeutic Interventions that Impact Parental Psychopathology, Child Psychopathology and Parenting Behavior. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2021; 24:579-598. [PMID: 34254219 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-021-00355-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Given the high rates of co-occurrence of psychopathology within families, it is important to identify and characterize interventions that simultaneously reduce both parent and child symptoms, and improve parenting quality. This is needed as intervention development is increasingly moving toward integrated interventions that target some combination of parent and child mental health, and parenting behavior. Even so, much remains unknown regarding which treatment components provide maximum benefit for parent symptoms, child symptoms, and parenting behavior. This systematic review identified and characterized psychotherapeutic interventions that report improvements in each of three outcomes: parent symptoms, child symptoms and parenting behavior. Fifty-six unique interventions were eligible for review, of which 25 reported improvements in all three outcomes. All 25 of these interventions directly intervened on parenting behavior, often as the sole target of the intervention. Few interventions improved all three outcomes in samples in which parents, children or both met clinical-level thresholds of psychopathology. Additional research is needed to better understand the bi-directional and transactional influences of treatment on family members, and to better inform the development of interventions for dually disordered parent-child dyads across a range of diagnostic profiles.
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Prevalence of mental illness among parents of children receiving treatment within child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS): a scoping review. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 30:997-1012. [PMID: 32133563 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01502-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
People affected by mental illness often come from families with patterns of mental illness that span across generations. Hence, child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) likely provide treatment to many children with parents who also experience mental illness. The aim of this scoping review was to: (1) identify the prevalence of mental illness among parents of children in CAMHS; (2) identify and appraise the methodologies that have been implemented to assess the prevalence of parental mental illness in CAMHS; (3) identify additional circumstances associated with families where both parent and child experience mental illness; and (4) present recommendations that have been made for CAMHS practice based on these findings. English language, peer-reviewed studies (2010-2018) that had investigated the mental health of parents in CAMHS were included in the review. Literature searching yielded 18 studies which were found to have utilised diverse methodologies to assess parental mental health. Overall, reported prevalence of parental mental illness ranged from 16 to 79%; however, a single study that was deemed to be comprehensive reported prevalence rates of 36% for mothers and 33% for fathers. Across studies, parent and child mental illness was found to be associated with additional adversities impacting family functioning and wellbeing. For children who receive treatment for mental illness, having a parent who also experiences mental illness is a frequent family circumstance that has implications for their prospects for recovery. Accordingly, the mental health of parents should be an important consideration within the mental health care CAMHS provide to children.
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Patel ZS, Casline E, Jensen-Doss A, Timpano KR. Parent Distress Intolerance, Repetitive Negative Thinking, and Mental Health Service Use. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2021; 52:365-375. [PMID: 32632828 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-020-01017-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
While extensive evidence links service use for mental health problems to demographic variables and positive attitudes, studies have not explored the role of transdiagnostic risk factors, like distress intolerance (DI) and repetitive negative thinking (RNT). This study examined the relationship between parental DI and RNT on mental health treatment seeking for parents themselves and their children. Results suggest higher DI and RNT predict service use among parents (p < 0.05) but were not significantly associated with help seeking for their children, indicating that factors more proximal to the child may have greater influence when parents make treatment decisions for their children. Results also indicte that DI moderates the relationship between parent psychopathology and parent service use, such that parent psychopathology is significantly associated with service use for those with lower DI, but not at moderate or high levels of DI. Implications for marketing mental health information to parents and engaging them in treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zabin S Patel
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33124, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Casline
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33124, USA
| | - Amanda Jensen-Doss
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33124, USA
| | - Kiara R Timpano
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33124, USA
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Pilot Randomized Trial of a Family Management Efficacy Intervention for Caregivers of African American Adolescents with Disruptive Behaviors. CHILD & YOUTH CARE FORUM 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10566-018-9462-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Risk factors for parental psychopathology: a study in families with children or adolescents with psychopathology. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2018; 27:1575-1584. [PMID: 29644474 PMCID: PMC6245117 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-018-1156-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The parents of children with psychopathology are at increased risk for psychiatric symptoms. To investigate which parents are mostly at risk, we assessed in a clinical sample of families with children with psychopathology, whether parental symptom scores can be predicted by offspring psychiatric diagnoses and other child, parent and family characteristics. Parental depressive, anxiety, avoidant personality, attention-deficit/hyperactivity (ADHD), and antisocial personality symptoms were measured with the Adult Self Report in 1805 mothers and 1361 fathers of 1866 children with a psychiatric diagnosis as assessed in a child and adolescent psychiatric outpatient clinic. In a multivariate model, including all parental symptom scores as outcome variables, all offspring psychiatric diagnoses, offspring comorbidity and age, parental age, parental educational attainment, employment, and relationship status were simultaneously tested as predictors. Both 35.7% of mothers and 32.8% of fathers scored (sub)clinical for at least one symptom domain, mainly depressive symptoms, ADHD symptoms or, only in fathers, avoidant personality symptoms. Parental psychiatric symptoms were predicted by unemployment. Parental depressive and ADHD symptoms were further predicted by offspring depression and offspring ADHD, respectively, as well as by not living together with the other parent. Finally, parental avoidant personality symptoms were also predicted by offspring autism spectrum disorders. In families with children referred to child and adolescent psychiatric outpatient clinics, parental symptom scores are associated with adverse circumstances and with similar psychopathology in their offspring. This signifies, without implying causality, that some families are particularly vulnerable, with multiple family members affected and living in adverse circumstances.
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Lee SJ, Gopalan G, Harrington D. Validation of the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form With Minority Caregivers. RESEARCH ON SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE 2016; 26:429-440. [PMID: 27616868 PMCID: PMC5014438 DOI: 10.1177/1049731514554854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There has been little examination of the structural validity of the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF) for minority populations in clinical contexts in the Unites States. This study aimed to test prespecified factor structures (one-factor, two-factor, and three-factor models) of the PSI-SF. METHODS This study used confirmatory factor analysis in a sample of 240 predominantly Black and Latino caregivers of children with behavioral difficulties. RESULTS The three-factor model fit was reasonable, and the criterion validity for the subscale and total scores was good supporting continued cautious use of the PSI-SF for clinical minority populations. CONCLUSIONS The PSI-SF could be integrated as part of screening and intake assessment procedures, which could allow social work practitioners to make more informed decisions about treatment planning, as well as facilitate conversations with caregivers around identifying sources of stress and developing healthy coping strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Jung Lee
- University of Maryland School of Social Work, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Geetha Gopalan
- University of Maryland School of Social Work, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Donna Harrington
- University of Maryland School of Social Work, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Olin SS, Shen S, Rodriguez J, Radigan M, Burton G, Hoagwood KE. Parent Depression and Anger in Peer-Delivered Parent Support Services. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2015; 24:3383-3395. [PMID: 28775660 PMCID: PMC5538779 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-015-0140-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about parents who seek peer-delivered parent support services in children's mental health is limited. In this prospective study, characteristics of 124 parents who sought peer parent advocate services related to their children's behavioral difficulties are described. This urban sample consisted primarily of low-income mothers of color, 80% of whom were caring for children with clinically significant behavioral problems. Of these parents, 64% endorsed clinically significant levels of depressive symptoms at baseline. Linear mixed effects models were used to examine associations between parent depression and anger expression with working alliances with peer advocates. No independent or combined effects of parent depression or anger expression on working alliance were found. However, adjusting for family demographic factors, caregiver strain and child symptoms, parent depression interacted with anger expression to influence working alliances, primarily around agreement and mutual engagement on goals. Among parents who endorsed clinically significant depressive symptoms, anger expression did not influence working alliance but among non-depressed parents, anger expression was negatively associated with working alliance. Implications for training peer parent advocates to more effectively engage low income parents are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Serene Olin
- The Child Study Center at NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York, NY, 10016
| | - Sa Shen
- The Center on Health, Aging, and Disability at University of Illinois, College of Applied Health Sciences, Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61820
| | - James Rodriguez
- McSilver Institute for Poverty Policy and Research, Silver School of Social Work, New York University, New York, NY 10003
| | - Marleen Radigan
- Office of Performance Measurement and Evaluation, New York State Office of Mental Health, Albany, NY, 12229
| | - Geraldine Burton
- The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York, 10962
| | - Kimberly E Hoagwood
- The Child Study Center at NYU Langone Medical Center, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York, NY, 10016
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Acri MC, Hoagwood KE. Addressing Parental Mental Health Within Interventions for Children: A Review. RESEARCH ON SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE 2015; 25:578-586. [PMID: 26527857 PMCID: PMC4627715 DOI: 10.1177/1049731514546027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Untreated parent mental health problems have deleterious effects upon the family, yet caregivers are unlikely to receive services for their emotional health. We conducted a review of treatments and services for children and adolescents that also offered services to parents. METHODS Child treatment and service studies were included in the present study if they analyzed parent symptoms or diagnoses over time, and the intervention contained a parent component. RESULTS Of 200 studies reviewed, 20 contained a component for the parent and assessed the parent's emotional health at multiple time points. Depression and anxiety were the most commonly studied parental mental health problem; most parent components consisted of behavioral strategies in service of the child's psychological health. CONCLUSION Major shifts in health care policy affecting mental health services provide an opportunity to create integrated and coordinated health and behavioral health systems. Attention must be given to ensure that the workforce of providers, the administrative structures, and the reimbursement strategies are strengthened and connected to serve the needs of parents/caregivers and children in order to enhance family outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C. Acri
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Gopalan G, Fuss A, Wisdom JP. Multiple Family Groups for Child Behavior Difficulties Retention Among Child Welfare-Involved Caregivers. RESEARCH ON SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE 2015; 25:564-577. [PMID: 26527856 PMCID: PMC4627717 DOI: 10.1177/1049731514543526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Among children who remain at home with their permanent caregivers following a child welfare investigation, few who manifest emotional and behavioral difficulties actually engage in mental health treatment. The Multiple Family Group service delivery model to reduce childhood disruptive behavior disorders (MFG) has shown promise in engaging child welfare-involved families. This qualitative study examines caregiver perceptions of factors that influence retention in MFGs among child welfare-involved families. METHODS Twenty-five predominantly Black and Hispanic adult (ages 26-57) female caregivers with child welfare services involvement participated in individual, in-depth interviews about their experience with MFGs. Transcribed interview data were thematically coded guided by grounded theory methodology. Emergent themes were subsequently organized into a conceptual framework. RESULTS Within the overarching influence of child welfare services involvement, specific components of MFGs influencing retention included the quality of interaction among group members, group facilitators' attentive approach with caregivers, supports designed to overcome logistical barriers (i.e., child care, transportation expenses, meals), and perceptions of MFG content and activities as fun and helpful. Caregiver factors, including their mental health and personal characteristics, as well as children's behavior, (i.e., observed changes in behavioral difficulties) were also associated with retention. CONCLUSIONS High acceptability suggest utility for implementing MFGs within settings serving child welfare involved families, with additional modifications to tailor to setting and client features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Gopalan
- University of Maryland School of Social Work, New York University Silver School of Social Work
| | - Ashley Fuss
- New York University Silver School of Social Work
| | - Jennifer P Wisdom
- The George Washington University, Columbia University and New York State Psychiatric Institute
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McGuire-Schwartz M, Small LA, Parker G, Kim P, McKay M. Relationships Between Caregiver Violence Exposure, Caregiver Depression, and Youth Behavioral Health Among Homeless Families. RESEARCH ON SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE 2015; 25:587-594. [PMID: 26420978 PMCID: PMC4584155 DOI: 10.1177/1049731514553921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Homelessness affects a large and increasing number of families in the United States, and exposure to violence and other potentially traumatic events is common among homeless families. It is important to understand more about this population and, more specifically, about the relationship between youth mental health and caregiver mental health and trauma exposure among homeless families, in order to better serve the needs of this vulnerable population. The objective of this study is to explore the relationships between caregiver exposure to violence, caregiver depression, and youth depression and behavioral problems among homeless families. Preliminary findings indicate that among this sample of homeless families, caregiver violence exposure has statistically significant relationships with both youth behavioral problems and youth depression symptoms, as mediated by caregiver depression. These findings indicate that youth behavioral health is associated with caregiver mental health, which, in turn, is associated with caregiver trauma exposure. This highlights the importance of taking into account adult mental health while treating youth externalizing and internalizing behaviors and ensuring that caregivers, too, have access to adequate treatment and supports. Furthermore, this treatment should be trauma informed, given the link between trauma and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy McGuire-Schwartz
- Silver School of Social Work, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Silver School of Social Work, McSilver Institute for Poverty Policy & Research, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Latoya A. Small
- Silver School of Social Work, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Silver School of Social Work, McSilver Institute for Poverty Policy & Research, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gary Parker
- Silver School of Social Work, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Silver School of Social Work, McSilver Institute for Poverty Policy & Research, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patricia Kim
- Graduate School of Social Service, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mary McKay
- Silver School of Social Work, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Silver School of Social Work, McSilver Institute for Poverty Policy & Research, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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15
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de Oliveira GR, Neto JF, de Camargo SM, Lucchetti ALG, Espinha DCM, Lucchetti G. Caregiving across the lifespan: comparing caregiver burden, mental health, and quality of life. Psychogeriatrics 2015; 15:123-132. [PMID: 25521215 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Care can be considered a lifelong process, but caring for a child is different from caring for an older adult. The present study aims to compare the caregiving process from infancy through old age by evaluating differences in caregiver burden, mental health, and quality of life and to describe the factors that could impact these outcomes. METHODS To compare different groups of caregivers, we included 300 caregivers recruited from admissions to a tertiary acute hospital: 100 caregivers of children, 100 caregivers of adults, and 100 caregivers of older adults. A self-administered questionnaire was used that covered the following: sociodemographics, depression (Beck Depression Inventory), anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory), quality of life (Short Form Health Survey (SF-36)), religiosity (Duke Religion Index) and caregiver burden (Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview). RESULTS A comparison between groups was performed (through χ2 and anova), and a linear regression analysis was used to assess the related factors. We found that children's caregivers had more depressive symptoms (higher Beck Depression Inventory scores), better physical health (SF-36: physical functioning and SF-36: Physical Component Summary), and lower pain (SF-36: bodily pain) than other caregivers. We found that caregivers of adults had better mental health (SF-36: mental health and SF-36: Mental Component Summary) than other caregivers and that caregivers of older adult had a higher caregiver burden (Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview scores) than other caregivers. After we controlled for baseline characteristics, only depressive symptoms and caregiver burden remained statistically significant. CONCLUSION In conclusion, there are important differences between caregiving across the lifespan. Caregiving for children was associated with more depressive symptoms, and caregiving for older adults was associated with higher caregiver burden. Further studies are needed to replicate these findings in other settings.
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