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Rancourt D, Staples C, Schlauch RC. Food approach and avoidance craving: A partial test of the Ambivalence Model of Craving. Appetite 2024; 199:107394. [PMID: 38703790 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence from both cross-sectional and cue-reactivity studies supports the application of the Ambivalence Model of Craving (AMC) from the substance use literature to food craving. The focus of this extant work has been on the association between the two dimensions of food craving (approach and avoidance) and disordered eating behaviors. The present study extended existing validity data by investigating approach and avoidance food craving profiles and their associations with 1) disordered eating behaviors and 2) thinness/restriction and eating expectancies - a risk factor for disordered eating that is explicitly described by the AMC. It was anticipated that food craving profiles would parallel those defined by the AMC (i.e., approach oriented, avoidance oriented, ambivalent, indifferent) and that profiles defined by high avoidance food craving would be higher in compensatory behaviors, restricting behaviors, and thinness/restriction expectancies, while those defined by high approach food craving would be higher in binge eating and eating expectancies. A sample of 407 undergraduate students (54% female, 47% non-Hispanic White; Mage = 21 years) reported demographics, food craving disordered eating behaviors, and thinness/restriction and eating expectancies via an anonymous online survey. Latent profile analysis was used to test hypotheses. Hypotheses were partially supported. Four profiles were identified, but similar levels of approach and avoidance food craving were observed in each profile, with the intensity of the cravings increasing across the four profiles. Endorsement of disordered eating behaviors and expectancies also increased in intensity across the profiles. Findings suggest an additive, rather than interactive, effect of food craving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rancourt
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., PCD 4118G, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.
| | - Cody Staples
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., PCD 4118G, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Robert C Schlauch
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Ave., PCD 4118G, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
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Camacho DA, Moore SA, Pas ET, Bradshaw CP. Interactional quality in middle schools: Latent profiles and their associations with teacher, classroom, and school compositional factors. J Sch Psychol 2022; 93:79-97. [PMID: 35934452 PMCID: PMC9360606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
High quality teacher-student interactions are critical for the healthy social-emotional, behavioral, and academic development of middle school students. However, few studies have explored patterns of teacher-student interactions in middle school classrooms or the relation between teacher-, classroom-, and school-level factors and patterns of interaction. The current study employed latent profile analyses (LPA) to identify patterns of teacher-student interactional quality in a sample of 334 teachers from 41 schools serving middle school students within the Mid-Atlantic region of the U.S. Three distinct profiles of teacher-student interactional quality were identified that were characteristic of higher, lower, and intermediate quality and were differentially related to teacher, classroom, and school characteristics. Compared to classrooms with lower interactional quality, classrooms with "higher" or "intermediate" profiles were more likely to be taught by early career teachers, to have higher rates of observed student cooperation, and to be in schools in rural fringe areas. Classrooms with lower interactional quality were more likely to have larger student-to-teacher ratios and higher rates of student disruptive behaviors than classrooms with intermediate interactional quality and to be in schools with a higher percentage of out-of-school suspensions than classrooms with higher interactional quality. These findings suggest that interventions at the teacher, classroom, and school levels may promote positive teacher-student interactions, such as consultation to support teachers' effective classroom management, alternatives to out-of-school suspensions, and smaller student-to-teacher ratios.
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Klopack ET, Wickrama KAS, Simons RL. Life course trajectories of chronic financial strain and acute stress reactivity: Steeling in response to recovery from strain. Stress Health 2022; 38:277-289. [PMID: 34379875 PMCID: PMC9190465 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The steeling hypothesis suggests experiencing moderate strain may improve an individual's ability to cope with future strain, whereas crisis theory suggests that experiencing temporary strain will reduce the effect of future strain. The current study improves on past research by utilizing data from two independent prospective panel studies (one of 553 white rural Midwesterner women and 451 men and one of 624 African American women) spanning 26 and 22 years, respectively. We utilize growth mixture modeling to identify latent groups based on trajectories of financial strain and test interactions between class membership and later acute stressful events on chronic illness and physical health using three subscales from the RAND SF-12. We find being a group that experienced a period of temporary strain weakened the effect of later acute stressors on physical health for both samples and chronic illness for the African American sample. Results support crisis theory and highlight the importance of considering chronic strain as a life course process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T. Klopack
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California
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Crabtree SA, Captari LE, Hall EL, Sandage SJ, Jankowski PJ. Mental health symptoms, well‐being and experiences of the COVID‐19 pandemic: A mixed‐methods practice‐based study. COUNSELLING & PSYCHOTHERAPY RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/capr.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Crabtree
- The Albert & Jessie Danielsen InstituteBoston University Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Laura E. Captari
- The Albert & Jessie Danielsen InstituteBoston University Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Eugene L. Hall
- The Albert & Jessie Danielsen InstituteBoston University Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Steven J. Sandage
- The Albert & Jessie Danielsen InstituteBoston University Boston Massachusetts USA
- School of Theology Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA
- MF Norwegian School of Theology Oslo Norway
| | - Peter J. Jankowski
- The Albert & Jessie Danielsen InstituteBoston University Boston Massachusetts USA
- Bethel Seminary Arden Hills Minnesota USA
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Sinha P, Calfee CS, Delucchi KL. Practitioner's Guide to Latent Class Analysis: Methodological Considerations and Common Pitfalls. Crit Care Med 2021; 49:e63-e79. [PMID: 33165028 PMCID: PMC7746621 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000004710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Latent class analysis is a probabilistic modeling algorithm that allows clustering of data and statistical inference. There has been a recent upsurge in the application of latent class analysis in the fields of critical care, respiratory medicine, and beyond. In this review, we present a brief overview of the principles behind latent class analysis. Furthermore, in a stepwise manner, we outline the key processes necessary to perform latent class analysis including some of the challenges and pitfalls faced at each of these steps. The review provides a one-stop shop for investigators seeking to apply latent class analysis to their data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Sinha
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine; University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA
- Department of Anesthesia; University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA
| | - Carolyn S. Calfee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine; University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA
- Department of Anesthesia; University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA
| | - Kevin L. Delucchi
- Department of Psychiatry; University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA
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Putting the Goal Back into Grit: Academic Goal Commitment, Grit, and Academic Achievement. J Youth Adolesc 2020; 50:470-484. [PMID: 33201368 PMCID: PMC7910368 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-020-01348-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Grit has recently been challenged for its weak predictive power and the incompleteness of its measurement. This study addressed these issues by taking a developmental, person-oriented approach to study academic-related goal commitment and grit and their effects on academic achievement. Using longitudinal data among Finnish eighth and ninth graders (n = 549, 59.4% female, age = 14-16), the longitudinal changes in grit and academic goal commitment profiles were investigated through latent profile and latent transition analyses. Four profiles were identified across two grades: High committed-persistent and moderate consistency (~17%), Moderate (~60%), Low committed-persistent and moderate-low consistency (~8%) and Extremely low committed-persistent and moderate-low consistency (~12%). The students in the High committed-persistent and moderate consistency profile had the highest academic achievement of all the profiles when controlled for gender, socioeconomic status, conscientiousness, and academic persistence. The results revealed that students' profiles changed between the eighth and ninth grades, with more than one-third of the High committed-persistent and moderate consistency adolescents dropping from this group. Further analysis showed that the profiles varied by educational aspiration, gender, and socioeconomic status. These findings imply that the combination of grit and academic goal commitment influences academic achievement; however, this combination is less common, unstable, and affected by internal and external factors. The study provided important implications on the weak grit effect and the ways to improve it.
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Lekkas P, Stankov I, Daniel M, Paquet C. Finite mixture models in neighbourhoods-to-health research: A systematic review. Health Place 2019; 59:102140. [PMID: 31374380 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A systematic review was conducted, following PRISMA guidelines, to examine the application of finite mixture models (FMMs) in the study of neighbourhoods and health. Two reviewers screened 814-studies identified through database searches and citation tracking. Data were extracted from 19-studies that met the inclusion criteria, and a risk of bias analysis undertaken. Data were synthesised narratively, with a focus on methodological issues idiosyncratic to FMMs. Motivated by a desire to account for neighbourhood heterogeneity, studies sought to identify meaningful neighbourhood-level typologies that explained the distributional nature of health outcomes. Neighbourhood-centred applications of FMMs were promising but there remains scope for advancement. Research-based recommendations are outlined to strengthen prospective neighbourhood-centred studies applying FMMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lekkas
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Australia.
| | - Ivana Stankov
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, United States.
| | - Mark Daniel
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Australia.
| | - Catherine Paquet
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Australia; School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Australia.
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Waldman MR. Advancing Multiple Imputation for Latent Profile Analysis. MULTIVARIATE BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH 2019; 54:157-158. [PMID: 30888201 DOI: 10.1080/00273171.2018.1562324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
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Howe LJ, Trela-Larsen L, Taylor M, Heron J, Munafò MR, Taylor AE. Body mass index, body dissatisfaction and adolescent smoking initiation. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 178. [PMID: 28647682 PMCID: PMC5558147 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking influences body weight, but there is little evidence as to whether body mass index (BMI) and body dissatisfaction increase smoking initiation in adolescents. METHODS We evaluated the association between measured BMI, body dissatisfaction and latent classes of smoking initiation (never smokers, experimenters, late onset regular smokers, early onset regular smokers) in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. In observational analyses we used BMI (N=3754) and body dissatisfaction at age 10.5 years (N=3349). In Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis, we used a BMI genetic risk score of 76 single nucleotide polymorphisms (N=4017). RESULTS In females, higher BMI was associated with increased odds of early onset regular smoking (OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.18) compared to being a never smoker, but not clearly associated with experimenting with smoking (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.99, 1.10) or late onset regular smoking (OR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.94, 1.09). No clear evidence was found for associations between BMI and smoking initiation classes in males (p-value for sex interaction≤0.001). Body dissatisfaction was associated with increased odds of late-onset regular smoking (OR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.32, 1.99) in males and females combined (P-value for sex interaction=0.32). There was no clear evidence for an association between the BMI genetic risk score and smoking latent classes in males or females but estimates were imprecise. CONCLUSIONS BMI in females and body dissatisfaction in males and females are associated with increased odds of smoking initiation, highlighting these as potentially important factors for consideration in smoking prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence J. Howe
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK,School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK,Corresponding author.
| | - Lea Trela-Larsen
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Learning and Research Building (Level 1), Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Michelle Taylor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK,School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jon Heron
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Marcus R. Munafò
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK,UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TU, United Kingdom
| | - Amy E. Taylor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK,UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TU, United Kingdom
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Taylor M, Collin SM, Munafò MR, MacLeod J, Hickman M, Heron J. Patterns of cannabis use during adolescence and their association with harmful substance use behaviour: findings from a UK birth cohort. J Epidemiol Community Health 2017; 71:764-770. [PMID: 28592420 PMCID: PMC5537531 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2016-208503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on the role of cannabis as a gateway drug is inconsistent. We characterise patterns of cannabis use among UK teenagers aged 13-18 years, and assess their influence on problematic substance use at age 21 years. METHODS We used longitudinal latent class analysis to derive trajectories of cannabis use from self-report measures in a UK birth cohort. We investigated (1) factors associated with latent class membership and (2) whether latent class membership predicted subsequent nicotine dependence, harmful alcohol use and recent use of other illicit drugs at age 21 years. RESULTS 5315 adolescents had three or more measures of cannabis use from age 13 to 18 years. Cannabis use patterns were captured as four latent classes corresponding to 'non-users' (80.1%), 'late-onset occasional' (14.2%), 'early-onset occasional' (2.3%) and 'regular' users (3.4%). Sex, mother's substance use, and child's tobacco use, alcohol consumption and conduct problems were strongly associated with cannabis use. At age 21 years, compared with the non-user class, late-onset occasional, early-onset occasional and regular cannabis user classes had higher odds of nicotine dependence (OR=3.5, 95% CI 0.7 to 17.9; OR=12.1, 95% CI 1.0 to 150.3; and OR=37.2, 95% CI 9.5 to 144.8, respectively); harmful alcohol consumption (OR=2.6, 95% CI 1.5 to 4.3; OR=5.0, 95% CI 2.1 to 12.1; and OR=2.6, 95% CI 1.0 to 7.1, respectively); and other illicit drug use (OR=22.7, 95% CI 11.3 to 45.7; OR=15.9, 95% CI 3.9 to 64.4; and OR=47.9, 95% CI 47.9 to 337.0, respectively). CONCLUSIONS One-fifth of the adolescents in our sample followed a pattern of occasional or regular cannabis use, and these young people were more likely to progress to harmful substance use behaviours in early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Taylor
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies (UKCTAS), School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Simon M Collin
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Marcus R Munafò
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - John MacLeod
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Matthew Hickman
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jon Heron
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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