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Abbasi R, Nejati V, Rezaie J. Exosomes biogenesis was increased in metformin-treated human ovary cancer cells; possibly to mediate resistance. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:137. [PMID: 38627767 PMCID: PMC11022479 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03312-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes derived from tumor cells contribute to the pathogenesis of cancers. Metformin, the most usually used drug for type 2 diabetes, has been frequently investigated for anticancer effects. Here, we examined whether metformin affects exosomes signaling in human ovary cancer cells in vitro. METHODS Human ovary cancer cells, including A2780 and Skov3 cells, were treated with metformin for either 24-48 h. Cell viability and caspase-3 activity were determined by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) and colorimetric assays respectively. Oil-Red-O staining and in vitro, scratch assays were used to examine cellular toxicity and wound healing rate. After treatment with metformin, exosomes were isolated from cells and quantified by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) assay, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and their markers. Genes related to exosomes signaling were analyzed by real-time PCR or western blotting. RESULTS Our results showed that metformin decreased the viability of both cells dose/time-dependently (P < 0.05). Metformin increased the activity of caspase-3 (P < 0.05) as well as the number of Oil-Red-O positive cells in both cell lines. In vitro scratch assay showed that the cell migration rate of metformin-treated cells was decreased (P < 0.05), whereas AChE activity of exosomes from metformin-treated cells was increased (P < 0.05). Concurrent with an increase in CD63 protein levels, expression of Alix, CD63, CD81, Lamp-2, and Rab27b up-regulated in treated cells (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Results indicated that metformin had a cytotoxic effect on ovary cancer cells and enhanced exosome biogenesis and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Abbasi
- Department of Biology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Vahid Nejati
- Department of Biology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Jafar Rezaie
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Oseni SO, Naar C, Pavlović M, Asghar W, Hartmann JX, Fields GB, Esiobu N, Kumi-Diaka J. The Molecular Basis and Clinical Consequences of Chronic Inflammation in Prostatic Diseases: Prostatitis, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, and Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3110. [PMID: 37370720 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is now recognized as one of the major risk factors and molecular hallmarks of chronic prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and prostate tumorigenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms by which chronic inflammation signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of these prostate diseases are poorly understood. Previous efforts to therapeutically target the upstream (e.g., TLRs and IL1-Rs) and downstream (e.g., NF-κB subunits and cytokines) inflammatory signaling molecules in people with these conditions have been clinically ambiguous and unsatisfactory, hence fostering the recent paradigm shift towards unraveling and understanding the functional roles and clinical significance of the novel and relatively underexplored inflammatory molecules and pathways that could become potential therapeutic targets in managing prostatic diseases. In this review article, we exclusively discuss the causal and molecular drivers of prostatitis, BPH, and prostate tumorigenesis, as well as the potential impacts of microbiome dysbiosis and chronic inflammation in promoting prostate pathologies. We specifically focus on the importance of some of the underexplored druggable inflammatory molecules, by discussing how their aberrant signaling could promote prostate cancer (PCa) stemness, neuroendocrine differentiation, castration resistance, metabolic reprogramming, and immunosuppression. The potential contribution of the IL1R-TLR-IRAK-NF-κBs signaling molecules and NLR/inflammasomes in prostate pathologies, as well as the prospective benefits of selectively targeting the midstream molecules in the various inflammatory cascades, are also discussed. Though this review concentrates more on PCa, we envision that the information could be applied to other prostate diseases. In conclusion, we have underlined the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that may need to be targeted and/or further investigated to better understand the association between chronic inflammation and prostate diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheed Oluwasina Oseni
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Corey Naar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Mirjana Pavlović
- Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Waseem Asghar
- Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - James X Hartmann
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Gregg B Fields
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and I-HEALTH, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Nwadiuto Esiobu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - James Kumi-Diaka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
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Chu Z, Tan Y, Xu C, Zhangsun D, Zhu X. Potential Mechanisms of Metformin-Induced Apoptosis in HeLa Cells. Biomolecules 2023; 13:950. [PMID: 37371530 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a traditional antidiabetic drug that also shows potential antitumor effects in cervical cancer. However, some of its apoptosis-related mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, flow cytometry, western blotting, and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) were used to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of metformin in HeLa cells. The results showed that metformin inhibited cell viability and promoted apoptosis, the protein expression level of Caspase-3 (CASP3) was increased and that of BCL-2 was decreased in HeLa cells treated with metformin. The RNA-seq results indicated a total of 239 differentially expressed genes between the metformin and control check (CK) groups, with 136 genes upregulated and 103 genes downregulated, and 14 of them were found to be associated with apoptosis signaling pathways. The DDIT3 and HRK genes were robustly upregulated in HeLa cells by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Metformin also affects the expression of PPP2R5C, PPP2R5A, and RRAGA, which participate in biological processes such as PI3K-AKT, mTOR, and AMPK signaling pathways. Metformin mediates the expression of related genes to induce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoli Chu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yao Tan
- Medical School, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Chenxing Xu
- Medical School, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Dongting Zhangsun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhu
- Medical School, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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Unraveling the Peculiar Features of Mitochondrial Metabolism and Dynamics in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041192. [PMID: 36831534 PMCID: PMC9953833 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among men in Western countries. Mitochondria, the "powerhouse" of cells, undergo distinctive metabolic and structural dynamics in different types of cancer. PCa cells experience peculiar metabolic changes during their progression from normal epithelial cells to early-stage and, progressively, to late-stage cancer cells. Specifically, healthy cells display a truncated tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and inefficient oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) due to the high accumulation of zinc that impairs the activity of m-aconitase, the enzyme of the TCA cycle responsible for the oxidation of citrate. During the early phase of cancer development, intracellular zinc levels decrease leading to the reactivation of m-aconitase, TCA cycle and OXPHOS. PCa cells change their metabolic features again when progressing to the late stage of cancer. In particular, the Warburg effect was consistently shown to be the main metabolic feature of late-stage PCa cells. However, accumulating evidence sustains that both the TCA cycle and the OXPHOS pathway are still present and active in these cells. The androgen receptor axis as well as mutations in mitochondrial genes involved in metabolic rewiring were shown to play a key role in PCa cell metabolic reprogramming. Mitochondrial structural dynamics, such as biogenesis, fusion/fission and mitophagy, were also observed in PCa cells. In this review, we focus on the mitochondrial metabolic and structural dynamics occurring in PCa during tumor development and progression; their role as effective molecular targets for novel therapeutic strategies in PCa patients is also discussed.
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Wang NF, Jue TR, Holst J, Gunter JH. Systematic review of antitumour efficacy and mechanism of metformin activity in prostate cancer models. BJUI COMPASS 2022; 4:44-58. [PMID: 36569495 PMCID: PMC9766874 DOI: 10.1002/bco2.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin, the first line pharmacotherapy for type 2 diabetes has demonstrated favourable effects in prostate cancer (PCa) across a range of studies evaluating PCa patient outcomes amongst metformin users. However, a lack of rigorously conducted prospective studies has stalled clinical use in this setting. Despite multiple studies evaluating the mechanisms underpinning antitumour effects of metformin in PCa, to date, no reviews have compared these findings. This systematic review and meta-analysis consolidates the mechanisms accounting for the antitumour effect of metformin in PCa and evaluates the antitumour efficacy of metformin in preclinical PCa studies. Data were obtained through Medline and EMBASE, extracted by two independent assessors. Risk of bias was assessed using the TOXR tool. Meta-analysis compared in vivo reductions of PCa tumour volume with metformin. In total, 447 articles were identified with 80 duplicates, and 261 articles excluded based on eligibility criteria. The remaining 106 articles were assessed and 71 excluded, with 35 articles included for systematic review, and eight included for meta-analysis. The mechanisms of action of metformin regarding tumour growth, viability, migration, invasion, cell metabolism, and activation of signalling cascades are individually discussed. The mechanisms by which metformin inhibits PCa cell growth are multimodal. Metformin regulates expression of multiple proteins/genes to inhibit cellular proliferation, cell cycle progression, and cellular invasion and migration. Published in vivo studies also conclusively demonstrate that metformin inhibits PCa growth. This highlights the potential of metformin to be repurposed as an anticancer agent, warranting further investigation of metformin in the setting of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Fang Wang
- School of Medical SciencesUNSW SydneySydneyNSWAustralia,Prince of Wales Clinical SchoolUNSW SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Toni Rose Jue
- Prince of Wales Clinical SchoolUNSW SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Jeff Holst
- School of Medical SciencesUNSW SydneySydneyNSWAustralia,Prince of Wales Clinical SchoolUNSW SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Jennifer H. Gunter
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre‐Queensland, Centre for Genomic and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research InstituteQueensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneQLDAustralia
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Olokpa E, Mandape SN, Pratap S, Stewart LMV. Metformin regulates multiple signaling pathways within castration-resistant human prostate cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1025. [PMID: 36175875 PMCID: PMC9520831 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The biguanide metformin has been shown to not only reduce circulating glucose levels but also suppress in vitro and in vivo growth of prostate cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor effects of metformin in advanced prostate cancers are not fully understood. The goal of the present study was to define the signaling pathways regulated by metformin in androgen-receptor (AR) positive, castration-resistant prostate cancers. Methods Our group used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to examine genes regulated by metformin within the C4–2 human prostate cancer cell line. Western blot analysis and quantitative RT-PCR were used to confirm alterations in gene expression and further explore regulation of protein expression by metformin. Results Data from the RNA-seq analysis revealed that metformin alters the expression of genes products involved in metabolic pathways, the spliceosome, RNA transport, and protein processing within the endoplasmic reticulum. Gene products involved in ErbB, insulin, mTOR, TGF-β, MAPK, and Wnt signaling pathways are also regulated by metformin. A subset of metformin-regulated gene products were genes known to be direct transcriptional targets of p53 or AR. Western blot analyses and quantitative RT-PCR indicated these alterations in gene expression are due in part to metformin-induced reductions in AR mRNA and protein levels. Conclusions Together, our results suggest metformin regulates multiple pathways linked to tumor growth and progression within advanced prostate cancer cells. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-10115-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emuejevoke Olokpa
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D.B. Todd Jr. Blvd., Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Sammed N Mandape
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Bioinformatics Core, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D, B. Todd Jr. Blvd., Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Siddharth Pratap
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Bioinformatics Core, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D, B. Todd Jr. Blvd., Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - La Monica V Stewart
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D.B. Todd Jr. Blvd., Nashville, TN, 37208, USA.
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Jafarzadeh E, Montazeri V, Aliebrahimi S, Sezavar AH, Ghahremani MH, Ostad SN. Combined regimens of cisplatin and metformin in cancer therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Life Sci 2022; 304:120680. [PMID: 35662589 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy agents is a challenging issue in treating patients with cancer. Findings suggest that a combination of drugs may have synergistic or additive effects. in the present study, we systematically reviewed the combined regimens of metformin with cisplatin in various treating cancers. METHODS A comprehensive systematic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and other relevant databases with the following keyword "metformin", "cisplatin", "combination", "using all their equivalents and similar terms. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals of cell viability and tumor volume as primary outcomes were calculated using Der-Simonian and Laird method while random effects meta-analysis was used, taking into account clinical and statistical heterogeneity. RESULTS Overall, 44 studies were retrieved, Findings of the present meta-analysis showed that combined regimens of metformin plus cisplatin was significantly associated with decreased odds of tumor volume and cell viability for all cancers compared with cisplatin alone (pooled OR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.27, 0.58) and (pooled OR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.58) respectively. The result was same for cell viability in lung cancer (pooled OR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.70). The tumor size reduction and the response rate were evident in the animal xenografts model. CONCLUSION Findings indicated that combining metformin with cisplatin is a practical therapeutic approach to increase treatment efficacy in the case of cell viability and tumor volume and minimize side effects. A combination of metformin with cisplatin could enhance treatment efficacy through synergistic inhibitory effects on the growth of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Jafarzadeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Montazeri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Virtual University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Aliebrahimi
- Department of Medical Education, Virtual University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Habibian Sezavar
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad H Ghahremani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Nasser Ostad
- Toxicology and Poisoning Research Centre, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Morale MG, Tamura RE, Rubio IGS. Metformin and Cancer Hallmarks: Molecular Mechanisms in Thyroid, Prostate and Head and Neck Cancer Models. Biomolecules 2022; 12:357. [PMID: 35327549 PMCID: PMC8945547 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin is the most used drug for type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Its antitumor activity has been described by clinical studies showing reduced risk of cancer development in T2DM patients, as well as management of T2DM compared with those receiving other glucose-lowering drugs. Metformin has a plethora of molecular actions in cancer cells. This review focused on in vitro data on the action mechanisms of metformin on thyroid, prostate and head and neck cancer. AMPK activation regulating specific downstream targets is a constant antineoplastic activity in different types of cancer; however, AMPK-independent mechanisms are also relevant. In vitro evidence makes it clear that depending on the type of tumor, metformin has different actions; its effects may be modulated by different cell conditions (for instance, presence of HPV infection), or it may regulate tissue-specific factors, such as the Na+/I- symporter (NIS) and androgen receptors. The hallmarks of cancer are a set of functional features acquired by the cell during malignant development. In vitro studies show that metformin regulates almost all the hallmarks of cancer. Interestingly, metformin is one of these therapeutic agents with the potential to synergize with other chemotherapeutic agents, with low cost, low side effects and high positive consequences. Some questions are still challenging: Are metformin in vitro data able to translate from bench to bedside? Does metformin affect drug resistance? Can metformin be used as a generic anticancer drug for all types of tumors? Which are the specific actions of metformin on the peculiarities of each type of cancer? Several clinical trials are in progress or have been concluded for repurposing metformin as an anticancer drug. The continuous efforts in the field and future in vitro studies will be essential to corroborate clinical trials results and to elucidate the raised questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirian Galliote Morale
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 11° Andar, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil; (M.G.M.); (R.E.T.)
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 11° Andar, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Esaki Tamura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 11° Andar, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil; (M.G.M.); (R.E.T.)
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 11° Andar, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Ileana Gabriela Sanchez Rubio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 11° Andar, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil; (M.G.M.); (R.E.T.)
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 11° Andar, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
- Thyroid Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, 11° Andar, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
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Wang Z, Zuo J, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Wei Y. Plantamajoside promotes metformin-induced apoptosis, autophagy and proliferation arrest of liver cancer cells via suppressing Akt/GSK3β signaling. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271221078868. [PMID: 35350904 DOI: 10.1177/09603271221078868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Metformin, a well-known antidiabetic drug, exhibits anticancer effect in a variety of cancers, including liver cancer. Plantamajoside (PMS), a phenylethanoid glycoside compound isolated from Plantago asiatica, is proved to possess anticancer effects, too. In our study, we hypothesized that PMS might promote metformin mediated anticancer effects on liver cancer. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of metformin was evaluated by cell viability assay. The influence of PMS on proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of metformin-treated cells was evaluated by BrdU incorporation assay, flow cytometry, western blot, wound scratch healing assay, transwell cell migration assay and immunofluorescence. A fasting/feeding mouse model was built to evaluate the influence of PMS on metformin sensitivity in vivo. PMS (2.5, 10 or 40 μg/mL) treatment reduced the IC50 of metformin under different glucose concentrations. PMS (10 μg/mL) promoted metformin (5 mm) induced apoptosis and autophagy, and inhibition on proliferation, migration and invasion of HepG2 and HuH-7 cells. In the fasting/feeding mouse model, PMS (50 mg/kg) promoted metformin (200 mg/kg) induced proliferation arrest and apoptosis in vivo. Meanwhile, PMS reduced the level of pAkt(ser473) and GSK3β(ser9) in HepG2 and HuH-7 cells. Restoration of Akt/GSK3β signaling by a constitutively activated myr-Akt1 abrogated the effects of PMS on metformin-treated liver cancer cells. Our results demonstrated that PMS promoted the anticancer effects of metformin on liver cancer in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- Hepatic Surgery Department V, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieliang Zuo
- Department of General Surgery, 278245Shanghai 10th People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Physical Examination Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenghua Zhang
- Department of Oncology, 255276Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai (Huashan Hospital Fudan University Jing'an Branch), Shanghai, China
| | - Yongpeng Wei
- Hepatic Surgery Department V, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Upregulated pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) promotes trophoblast apoptosis and inhibits invasion in preeclampsia. Reprod Biol 2021; 21:100576. [PMID: 34808452 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2021.100576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a severe pregnancy-specific disorder. Previous findings indicated that pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) was upregulated in placentas of women with PE. Here, we investigated the role of PEDF in trophoblast function, especially under hypoxia. The effects of hypoxia on the morphology of extravillous trophoblast (EVT)-derived HTR-8Svneo cells were observed under inverted microscope. Transfections with Lipofectamine LTX were performed according to the manufacturer's protocol. The expression of PEDF protein and mRNA were confirmed by immunofluorescence (IF) and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Apoptosis was detected by transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, and proliferation of trophoblast was detected by CCK-8 method. The invasion capacity of trophoblast was assessed by Transwell assay. PEDF was expressed in HTR-8/SVneo under both normoxia and hypoxic stress. However, cells of hypoxia groups had higher expression level of PEDF, increased apoptosis and decreased invasion capability, as compared with normoxia group. Moreover, after transfection with plasmid expressing PEDF gene, overexpression of PEDF modulated trophoblast activities. In addition, PEDF expression was negatively associated with invasion while positively correlated with apoptosis.Our data suggest that PEDF is an important factor to maintain the biological function of trophoblast cells, thus representing a rational therapeutic target in PE.
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Biologically active lipids in the regulation of lymphangiogenesis in disease states. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 232:108011. [PMID: 34614423 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels have crucial roles in the regulation of interstitial fluids, immune surveillance, and the absorption of dietary fat in the intestine. Lymphatic function is also closely related to the pathogenesis of various disease states such as inflammation, lymphedema, endometriosis, liver dysfunction, and tumor metastasis. Lymphangiogenesis, the formation of new lymphatic vessels from pre-existing lymphatic vessels, is a critical determinant in the above conditions. Although the effect of growth factors on lymphangiogenesis is well-characterized, and biologically active lipids are known to affect smooth muscle contractility and vasoaction, there is accumulating evidence that biologically active lipids are also important inducers of growth factors and cytokines that regulate lymphangiogenesis. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of biologically active lipids, including arachidonic acid metabolites, sphingosine 1-phosphate, and lysophosphatidic acid, as regulators of lymphangiogenesis, and the emerging importance of the lymphangiogenesis as a therapeutic target.
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Shi B, Hu X, He H, Fang W. Metformin suppresses breast cancer growth via inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:615. [PMID: 34257723 PMCID: PMC8243079 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-clinical and on-going trials have indicated the advantage of using metformin as an anticancer drug alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutics for the treatment of patients with breast cancer. However, the mechanisms by which metformin attenuates tumorigenesis remain to be further elucidated. The present study investigated the anticancer effects of metformin in breast cancer and identified potential molecular targets of metformin using western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis. Metformin significantly decreased tumor cell proliferation in vitro and suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, it induced the activation of AMP-induced protein kinase and suppression of phosphorylated-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (p-4E-BP1), a downstream effector of the mTOR signaling pathway, and decreased cyclin D1 levels in in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Additionally, metformin inhibited cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression. Clinically, high expression levels of COX-2 and p-4E-BP1 in tissues of patients with breast cancer were significantly associated with enhanced lymphatic metastasis and distant metastasis. Thus, the current data suggested that metformin may have potential value as a synergistic therapy targeting both the COX-2 and mTOR signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fuzhou General Hospital of Fujian Medical University, East Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University (The 900th Hospital of The Joint Logistics Support Force of The Chinese PLA), Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Longyan People's Hospital, Longyan, Fujian 364000, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fuzhou General Hospital of Fujian Medical University, East Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University (The 900th Hospital of The Joint Logistics Support Force of The Chinese PLA), Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Huimin He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fuzhou General Hospital of Fujian Medical University, East Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University (The 900th Hospital of The Joint Logistics Support Force of The Chinese PLA), Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Wenzheng Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fuzhou General Hospital of Fujian Medical University, East Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University (The 900th Hospital of The Joint Logistics Support Force of The Chinese PLA), Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
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Tseng CH. The Effect of Metformin on Male Reproductive Function and Prostate: An Updated Review. World J Mens Health 2021; 40:11-29. [PMID: 33831975 PMCID: PMC8761231 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.210001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is the first-line oral antidiabetic drug that shows multiple pleiotropic effects of anti-inflamation, anti-cancer, anti-aging, anti-microbia, anti-atherosclerosis, and immune modulation. Metformin's effects on men's related health are reviewed here, focusing on reproductive health under subtitles of erectile dysfunction (ED), steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis; and on prostate-related health under subtitles of prostate specific antigen (PSA), prostatitis, benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), and prostate cancer (PCa). Updated literature suggests a potential role of metformin on arteriogenic ED but controversial and contradictory effects (either protective or harmful) on testicular functions of testosterone synthesis and spermatogenesis. With regards to prostate-related health, metformin use may be associated with lower levels of PSA in humans, but its clinical implications require more research. Although there is a lack of research on metform's effect on prostatitis, it may have potential benefits through its anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties. Metformin may reduce the risk of BPH by inhibiting the insulin-like growth factor 1 pathway and some but not all studies suggest a protective role of metformin on the risk of PCa. Many clinical trials are being conducted to investigate the use of metformin as an adjuvant therapy for PCa but results currently available are not conclusive. While some trials suggest a benefit in reducing the metastasis and recurrence of PCa, others do not show any benefit. More research works are warranted to illuminate the potential usefulness of metformin in the promotion of men's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Hsiao Tseng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine of the National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.
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14
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Effects of different combined regimens of cisplatin, metformin, and quercetin on nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells and subcutaneous xenografts. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1040. [PMID: 33441838 PMCID: PMC7807075 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80198-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin, metformin, and quercetin are all reliable anticancer drugs. However, it is unclear how effective their different combination regimens are on the growth of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line Sune-1 and subcutaneous xenograft in nude mice. This study evaluated the effects of single-drug, two-drug, and three-drug simultaneous or sequential combined application of these drugs on the growth of Sune-1 cells and subcutaneous xenograft tumors in nude mice. The results showed that the different combination regimens of cisplatin, metformin and quercetin all had significant inhibitory effects on the proliferation of Sune-1 cells and the growth of subcutaneous xenografts in nude mice (P < 0.01), and the inhibition rate of the three drugs simultaneous combined application was significant Higher than the two-drug combination or single-drug application (P < 0.05), the contribution level of each drug in the three-drug combination application from high to low were cisplatin > metformin > quercetin. In summary, our results indicate that the simultaneous combination of cisplatin, metformin, and quercetin may synergistically inhibit the growth of Sune-1 cells and subcutaneous xenografts in nude mice through their different anticancer mechanisms, which may be clinically refractory and provide reference for chemotherapy of patients with recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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15
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Xu J, Fang X, Long L, Wang S, Qian S, Lyu J. HMGA2 promotes breast cancer metastasis by modulating Hippo-YAP signaling pathway. Cancer Biol Ther 2020; 22:5-11. [PMID: 33307962 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2020.1832429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for about 15-20% of all breast cancer. High mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2) is overexpressed in some tumors and closely associated with patients' prognosis. However, the mechanisms involved in the regulation of HMGA2 in TNBC still remain unclear. METHODS In this study, HMGA2 level in TNBC cell lines was analyzed by western blot. After knockdown of HMGA2 expression by RNA interference in TNBC cell lines MDA-MB-231 and SUM149, wound healing and transwell assays were conducted to examine the effects of HMGA2 on migration and invasion. Tumor metastasis was assessed in amouse xenograft model invivo. Furthermore, expression levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) biomarkers and involvement of the Hippo-YAP pathway were detected by western blot. RESULTS Compared to normal breast epithelial cells, the expression levels of HMGA2 were significantly increased in TNBC cell lines (all P< .05). Downregulation of HMGA2 dramatically inhibited the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 and SUM149 cells (all P< .01) invitro, and suppressed the tumor metastasis of nude mice xenograft model invivo. Western blot analysis revealed alterations in EMT biomarkers: the expression of mesenchymal markers N-cadherin, Vimentin and Snail were decreased, while the expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin was increased. Downregulated expression of HMGA2 attenuated Hippo-YAP related protein expression and the stability of YAP. CONCLUSIONS HMGA2 is highly expressed in TNBC cells. Downregulation of HMGA2 inhibits the migration and invasion of TNBC and invivo tumor metastasis mediated through inhibition of EMT and Hippo-YAP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuejiao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Luye Long
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sixuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shihan Qian
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianxin Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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16
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Chen X, Wang DD, Li ZP. Time course and dose effect of metformin on weight in patients with different disease states. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2020; 13:1169-1177. [PMID: 32940086 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2020.1822164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study was to quantitate and compare the efficacy of metformin on weight in different disease states using model-based meta-analysis (MBMA). METHODS Randomized controlled trials (RCT) of metformin effects on weight in different disease states were collected by searching the public databases. The change rate of weight from baseline was selected as the efficacy indicator. RESULTS A total 21 RCTs containing 1885 patients including patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, patients with antipsychotic induced weight gain, patients with obesity, were included into the present study. After deducting placebo effect, the maximal effect (Emax) of metformin on weight in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, patients with antipsychotic induced weight gain, patients with obesity were -6.86%, -8.82%, and -4.14%, respectively. The treatment duration to reach half of the maximal effect (ET50) were 107, 45.5, and 15.1 weeks, respectively. Within the metformin dose range from 21 RCTs, no significant dose-response relationship was observed. However, the time-course relationship is obvious for efficacy of metformin on weight. CONCLUSIONS The present study firstly provided quantitative information for metformin effects on weight in different disease states, including patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, patients with antipsychotic induced weight gain, patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Dong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Ping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Fudan University , Shanghai, China
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17
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Jiang Y, Song H, Jiang L, Qiao Y, Yang D, Wang D, Li J. Silybin Prevents Prostate Cancer by Inhibited the ALDH1A1 Expression in the Retinol Metabolism Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:574394. [PMID: 32984354 PMCID: PMC7487981 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.574394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Silybin was known to exert inhibition in prostate cancer, but the underlying mechanism remained largely unknown. This study was designed to find out the potential target of Silybin on prostate cancer and explore the relative mechanisms. Methods Firstly, we screened the possible targets of Silybin through the PubChem database and Subpathway – GM. Then DU145 cells were transferred to investigate the correction about related targets, magnetic bead sorting and flow cytometry were used to sort and identify the cells. Proliferation, migration and invasion ability of DU145 cells were detected by MTT assay, Transwell assay, plate clonality and sphere formation assay. BALB/c nude mice were constructed models with implanted sarcoma and measured the tumor volume every 5 days as wells tumor weight. The levels of proteins were detected by Western blot and immunocytochemistry. RT-PCR was selected to test the expression of protein’s mRNA. Results It was screened out the ALDH1A1 was highly correlated with subpathways of the Silybin risk metabolic pathway. And ALDH1A1 expression was positively correlated RARα with Ets1 by interfering with the ALDH1A1 gene. Importantly, ALDH1A1(+) cells showed proliferation, migration and invasion ability. In addition, it showed that Silybin exerted the inhibition on prostate cells by suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion ability of cells in vitro experiment. Silybin also reduced the tumor volume and weight. And Silybin displayed obviously reduced the proteins and mRNA of ALDH1A1, RARα, Ets1 and MMP9 expressions. Conclusion Our results indicated that Silybin showed inhibition of prostate cancer and the mechanism was involving with downregulating ALDH1A1 expression, thereby inhibiting the activation of RARα and preventing the activation of Ets1 to inhibit the growth and invasion of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- College of Basic Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Hanbing Song
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- College of Basic Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Qiao
- College of Basic Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Dan Yang
- College of Basic Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Donghua Wang
- Department of General Surgery, General Hospital of Heilongjiang Province Land Reclamation Bureau, Harbin, China
| | - Ji Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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18
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Eslami SS, Jafari D, Montazeri H, Sadeghizadeh M, Tarighi P. Combination of Curcumin and Metformin Inhibits Cell Growth and Induces Apoptosis without Affecting the Cell Cycle in LNCaP Prostate Cancer Cell Line. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:1026-1039. [PMID: 32657143 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1783327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Side effects and chemotherapy resistance, demand new therapeutics with minimal side effects. Here, we investigated the combined effect of curcumin and metformin on the LNCaP prostate cancer cell line. LNCaP cells were treated with curcumin, metformin, and their combination at different concentrations. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay and expression of Bax, Bcl-2, mTOR, hTERT, PUMA, p53 and p21 genes was analyzed by real-time PCR. Apoptosis and cell cycle were assessed by flow cytometry. Our results revealed that the viability of cells treated with curcumin, metformin, and their combination was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced with increasing the concentration and prolonging the treatment time. Meanwhile, the combination showed a synergistic effect within 48 h. In the curcumin treated group, the expression of Bcl-2 and hTERT genes diminished. In the metformin treated group, the expression of Bax and PUMA genes was enhanced while the expression of Bcl-2, hTERT, mTOR, and p53 genes declined. Although all treatments induced apoptosis, the combination of curcumin and metformin showed the maximum level of apoptosis, cytotoxicity, and expression of Bax gene. The combination of curcumin and metformin showed synergistic effects within 48 h. This combination could be a potential therapeutic candidate for prostate cancer to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Sadegh Eslami
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davod Jafari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Montazeri
- School of Pharmacy-International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Sadeghizadeh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parastoo Tarighi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Patil S. Metformin treatment decreases the expression of cancer stem cell marker CD44 and stemness related gene expression in primary oral cancer cells. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 113:104710. [PMID: 32208194 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metformin, a common drug for diabetes treatment has shown promising characteristics against wide types of cancer cells in vitro as well as in vivo in the context of halted growth of cancer. But, it was unclear whether cancer stem cells are affected by the metformin treatment. Here, we attempt to find out the effect of metformin on cancer stem cell marker CD44 and stemness related transcription factors including OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, c-Myc and KLF4. MATERIALS AND METHODS We prepared single-cell suspension from primary oral tumors and subjected the cells to grow in vitro. Gene expression of transcription factors was assessed by real-time PCR. Further, the expression of CD44 was checked by flow Cytometry. RESULTS Metformin showed downregulation in the gene expressions of stemness related transcription factors OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, c-Myc, and KLF4 in a dose-dependent as well as time-dependent manner. Also, the most effective concentration of metformin at 25 μM was found to decrease the expression of CD44 in the primary tumor cells in a time-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Continuous treatment of lower concentrations of metformin decreases the expression of cancer stem cell markers at the transcription level and cancer stem cell-surface marker CD44 in primary oral cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
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20
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Yamagishi SI, Koga Y, Sotokawauchi A, Hashizume N, Fukahori S, Matsui T, Yagi M. Therapeutic Potential of Pigment Epithelium-derived Factor in Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:313-324. [PMID: 30892156 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190319112106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is one of the serine protease inhibitors with multifunctional properties, which is produced by various types of organs and tissues. There is an accumulating body of evidence that PEDF plays an important role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Indeed, PEDF not only works as an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis, but also suppresses oxidative stress, inflammatory and thrombotic reactions in cell culture systems, animal models, and humans. Furthermore, we, along with others, have found that PEDF inhibits proliferation of, and induces apoptotic cell death in, numerous kinds of tumors. In addition, circulating as well as tumor expression levels of PEDF have been inversely associated with tumor growth and metastasis. These observations suggest that supplementation of PEDF proteins and/or enhancement of endogenous PEDF expression could be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancer. Therefore, in this paper, we review the effects of PEDF on diverse types of cancer, and discuss its therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho-Ichi Yamagishi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Koga
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Ami Sotokawauchi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Naoki Hashizume
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Suguru Fukahori
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Takanori Matsui
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Diabetic Vascular Complications, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Minoru Yagi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
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21
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Tang DR, Li CL, Xu KP, Wu QQ, Chen QY, Lv JJ, Ji J, Zang B, Chen C, Gu B, Zhao JQ. Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor Promotes the Growth and Migration of Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1520. [PMID: 32010619 PMCID: PMC6978803 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is an oncogene found in various types of cancers. However, how PEDF affects the development of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is unknown. This study investigates the role of PEDF in ESCC cell proliferation, migration, and cell cycle both in vitro and in vivo. The PEDF expression was examined in patient tumor samples and ESCC cell lines. Short hairpin RNA technology was used to inhibit the PEDF expression in ESCC EC9706 and KYSE150 cells. In vitro cell proliferation and migration assays were performed. The effects of PEDF on tumor growth and progression were examined in vivo in murine subcutaneous xenograft tumor models. It was found that PEDF was overexpressed in esophageal cancer cells and patient tumor tissues compared to normal control samples. PEDF enhanced cell cycle progression and inhibited cell apoptosis. Knock down of PEDF inhibited esophageal cell proliferation and migration in vitro. Moreover, Inhibition of PEDF significantly reduced tumor growth and tumor size in vivo. These results indicate that PEDF induce tumorigenesis in ESCC and can be a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Rong Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Ke-Ping Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Qing-Quan Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Qi-You Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Jun-Jie Lv
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Jian Ji
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Bao Zang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Biao Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
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22
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Rezaei N, Neshasteh-Riz A, Mazaheri Z, Koosha F, Hoormand M. The Combination of Metformin and Disulfiram-Cu for Effective Radiosensitization on Glioblastoma Cells. CELL JOURNAL 2019; 22:263-272. [PMID: 31863651 PMCID: PMC6947006 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2020.6798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the devastating types of primary brain tumors with a negligible response to
standard therapy. Repurposing drugs, such as disulfiram (DSF) and metformin (Met) have shown antitumor properties
in different cell lines, including GBM. In the present study, we focused on the combinatory effect of Met and DSF-Cu on
the induction of apoptosis in U87-MG cells exposed to 6-MV X-ray beams.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, the MTT assay was performed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of
each drug, along with the combinatory use of both. After irradiation, the apoptotic cells were assessed using the flow
cytometry, western blot, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to analyze the expression of some cell
death markers such as BAX and BCL-2.
Results The synergistic application of both Met and DSF had cytotoxic impacts on the U87-MG cell line and made
them sensitized to irradiation. The combinatory usage of both drugs significantly decreased the cells growth, induced
apoptosis, and caused the upregulation of BAX, P53, CASPASE-3, and it also markedly downregulated the expression
of the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2 at the gene and protein levels.
Conclusion It seems that the synergistic application of both Met and DSF with the support of irradiation can remarkably
restrict the growth of the U87-MG cell line. This may trigger apoptosis via the stimulation of the intrinsic pathway. The
combinatory use of Met and DSF in the presence of irradiation could be applied for patients afflicted with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Rezaei
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Radiation Sciences, School of Paramedicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Neshasteh-Riz
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Radiation Sciences, School of Paramedicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic Address:
| | - Zohreh Mazaheri
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medical Sciences Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Koosha
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Hoormand
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Inanc S, Keles D, Eskiizmir G, Basbinar Y, Oktay G. METFORMIN AND DICHOLOROACETATE COMBINATION EXERT A SYNERGISTIC EFFECT ON CELL VIABILITY OF ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA. ENT UPDATES 2019. [DOI: 10.32448/entupdates.569464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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24
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Pradhan S, Sperduto JL, Farino CJ, Slater JH. Engineered In Vitro Models of Tumor Dormancy and Reactivation. J Biol Eng 2018; 12:37. [PMID: 30603045 PMCID: PMC6307145 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-018-0120-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic recurrence is a major hurdle to overcome for successful control of cancer-associated death. Residual tumor cells in the primary site, or disseminated tumor cells in secondary sites, can lie in a dormant state for long time periods, years to decades, before being reactivated into a proliferative growth state. The microenvironmental signals and biological mechanisms that mediate the fate of disseminated cancer cells with respect to cell death, single cell dormancy, tumor mass dormancy and metastatic growth, as well as the factors that induce reactivation, are discussed in this review. Emphasis is placed on engineered, in vitro, biomaterial-based approaches to model tumor dormancy and subsequent reactivation, with a focus on the roles of extracellular matrix, secondary cell types, biochemical signaling and drug treatment. A brief perspective of molecular targets and treatment approaches for dormant tumors is also presented. Advances in tissue-engineered platforms to induce, model, and monitor tumor dormancy and reactivation may provide much needed insight into the regulation of these processes and serve as drug discovery and testing platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Pradhan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - John L. Sperduto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - Cindy J. Farino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE 19716 USA
| | - John H. Slater
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, 161 Colburn Lab, Newark, DE 19716 USA
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, 15 Innovation Way, Newark, DE 19711 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, DE 19716 USA
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25
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Tyagi M, Cheema MS, Dryhurst D, Eskiw CH, Ausió J. Metformin alters H2A.Z dynamics and regulates androgen dependent prostate cancer progression. Oncotarget 2018; 9:37054-37068. [PMID: 30651935 PMCID: PMC6319340 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms involved in prostate cancer include hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes, general hypomethylation of the genome, and alterations in histone posttranslational modifications (PTMs). In addition, over expression of the histone variant H2A.Z as well as deregulated expression of Polycomb group proteins including EZH2 have been well-documented. Recent evidence supports a role for metformin in prostate cancer (PCa) treatment. However, the mechanism of action of metformin in PCa is poorly understood. We provide data showing that metformin epigenetically targets PCa by altering the levels and gene binding dynamics of histone variant H2A.Z. Moreover, we show that the increase in H2A.Z upon metformin treatment occurs preferentially due to H2A.Z.1 isoform. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-RT PCR analysis indicates that metformin treatment results in an increased H2A.Z occupancy on the androgen receptor (AR) and AR-regulated genes that is more prominent in the androgen dependent AR positive LNCaP cells. Repression of H2A.Z.1 gene by siRNA-mediated knock down identified this H2A.Z isoform to be responsible. Based on preliminary data with an EZH2-specific inhibitor, we suggest that the effects of metformin on the early stages of PCa may involve both EZH2 and H2A.Z through the alteration of different molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Tyagi
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Manjinder S. Cheema
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | | | - Christopher H. Eskiw
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Juan Ausió
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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Huang WT, Chong IW, Chen HL, Li CY, Hsieh CC, Kuo HF, Chang CY, Chen YH, Liu YP, Lu CY, Liu YR, Liu PL. Pigment epithelium-derived factor inhibits lung cancer migration and invasion by upregulating exosomal thrombospondin 1. Cancer Lett 2018; 442:287-298. [PMID: 30439539 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are implicated in cancer cell development, migration and invasion. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a secreted anticancer protein that can regulate lung cancer progression; however, the role of PEDF in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including metastasis and cancer cell-derived exosome secretion, is unclear. In this study, we analyzed the effects of PEDF on exosome-mediated migration, invasion, and tumorigenicity of cultured NSCLC cells. The results showed that PEDF overexpression significantly reduced NSCLC invasion and migration, while inducing cell aggregation, whereas PEDF knockdown had the opposite effects. Exosomes from NSCLC cells treated with recombinant PEDF had a significantly reduced ability to promote cancer cell motility, migration, and invasion compared to exosomes from untreated cells. Exosomes from PEDF-treated cells contained thrombospondin 1 (THBS1), which inhibited cytoskeletal remodeling and exosome-induced lung cancer cell motility, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, PEDF-overexpressing NSCLC cells formed smaller xenograft tumors with higher THBS1 expression compared to control tumors. Our findings indicate that PEDF decreases the metastatic potential of NSCLC cells through regulation of THBS1 release in cancer cell-derived exosomes, thus uncovering a new mechanism of lung cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tsung Huang
- Division of Hemato-oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 736, Taiwan
| | - Inn-Wen Chong
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Lin Chen
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yang Li
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Chao Hsieh
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Fu Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 801, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yuan Chang
- Center for Micro/Nano Science and Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Peng Liu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ru Liu
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Po-Len Liu
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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Wu PY, Lin YC, Huang YL, Chen WM, Chen CC, Lee H. Mechanisms of Lysophosphatidic Acid-Mediated Lymphangiogenesis in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10110413. [PMID: 30384405 PMCID: PMC6266502 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10110413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common noncutaneous cancer in men worldwide. One of its major treatments is androgen deprivation therapy, but PCa frequently relapses as aggressive castration resistant local tumors and distal metastases. Hence, the development of novel agents or treatment modalities for advanced PCa is crucial. Many tumors, including PCa, first metastasize to regional lymph nodes via lymphatic vessels. Recent findings demonstrate that the bioactive lipid lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) promotes PCa progression by regulating vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C), a critical mediator of tumor lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis. Many of the underlying molecular mechanisms of the LPA–VEGF-C axis have been described, revealing potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets that may aid in the diagnosis and treatment of advanced PCa. Herein, we review the literature that illustrates a functional role for LPA signaling in PCa progression. These discoveries may be especially applicable to anti-lymphangiogenic strategies for the prevention and therapy of metastatic PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yi Wu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Yueh-Chien Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Yuan-Li Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Chin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan.
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan.
| | - Hsinyu Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
- Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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Biagiotti G, Ligi MC, Fedeli S, Pranzini E, Gamberi T, Cicchi S, Paoli P. Metformin salts with oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes: In vitro biological activity and inhibition of CNT internalization. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Abstract
Metformin is a lipophilic biguanide which inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis and improves peripheral utilization of glucose. It is the first line pharmacotherapy for glucose control in patients with Type 2 diabetes due to its safety, efficacy and tolerability. Metformin exhibits pleotropic effects, which may have beneficial effects on a variety of tissues independent of glucose control. A potential anti-tumourigenic effect of metformin may be mediated by its role in activating AMP-kinase, which in turn inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Non-AMPK dependent protective pathways may include reduction of insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1, leptin, inflammatory pathways and potentiation of adiponectin, all of which may have a role in tumourigenesis. A role in inhibiting cancer stem cells is also postulated. A number of large scale observational and cohort studies suggest metformin is associated with a reduced risk of a number of cancers, although the data is not conclusive. Recent randomised studies reporting use of metformin in treatment of cancer have revealed mixed results, and the results of much larger randomised trials of metformin as an adjuvant therapy in breast and colorectal cancers are awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritwika Mallik
- (a)International Training Fellow in Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Diabetes and Metabolism, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Tahseen A Chowdhury
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolism, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.
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30
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Landim BC, de Jesus MM, Bosque BP, Zanon RG, da Silva CV, Góes RM, Ribeiro DL. Stimulating effect of palmitate and insulin on cell migration and proliferation in PNT1A and PC3 prostate cells: Counteracting role of metformin. Prostate 2018; 78:731-742. [PMID: 29635803 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A potential association between obesity and prostate cancer has been proposed. Metformin, an antidiabetes drug, has antiproliferative effects being proposed for cancer treatment. However, under intense proliferative stimulation conditions such as those found in obesity, its efficacy is still uncertain. Thus, we analyzed the effects of saturated fatty acid and/or insulin under high concentrations, with or without metformin, on the proliferation and migration of prostate cells. METHODS Human prostate epithelial cell lines non-tumor (PNT1A) and tumor (PC3) were treated with control media (DMEM, C), palmitate (100 µM, HF), and/or insulin (50 µU, HI) with or without metformin (100 µM) for 24 or 48 h. RESULTS Both PNT1A and PC3 cells had greater proliferation when treated with HF, while HI treatment stimulated only PNT1A. Metformin inhibited cell proliferation caused by HF in both cell lines, but it did not block the proliferative action of HI in PNT1A cells. PNT1A increased cell migration after all treatments, while only HF influenced PC3; metformin inhibited the migration stimulated by all obese microenvironments. Both HF and HI treatments in PNT1A and HF treatment in PC3 augmented vimentin expression, resulting in a higher epithelial-mesenchymal transition (which, in turn, could influence cell migration). Metformin inhibited vimentin expression in both normal and tumor cells. Although HF treatment had increased AMPK activation, it also increased the levels of activated ERK1/2, which could be responsible for high cell proliferation in both cell lines. In contrast, HI decreased AMPK activation in both cell lines, whereas it increased ERK1/2 levels in PNT1A and decreased them in PC3 (reflecting greater cell proliferation only in non-tumor cells). Metformin maintained high activation of AMPK and decreased ERK1/2 levels after HF in both cell lines and only after HI in PNT1A, which was able to decrease the cell proliferation triggered by these treatments. CONCLUSIONS Higher concentrations of palmitate on PC3 cells and palmitate and insulin on PNT1A cells stimulate cellular activities that could favor cancer progression. Metformin inhibited most of these stimuli, showing the efficacy of this drug for cancer adjuvant therapy in obese patients (a group at increased risk for the development of prostrate cancer).
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Affiliation(s)
- Breno C Landim
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embriology. Institute of Biomedical Sciences-ICBIM. Federal University of Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Mariana M de Jesus
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz P Bosque
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embriology. Institute of Biomedical Sciences-ICBIM. Federal University of Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Renata G Zanon
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia-UFU, Brazil
| | - Claudio V da Silva
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia-UFU, Brazil
| | - Rejane M Góes
- Department of Biology. Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, State University of São Paulo-UNESP, Brazil
| | - Daniele L Ribeiro
- Department of Cell Biology, Histology and Embriology. Institute of Biomedical Sciences-ICBIM. Federal University of Uberlândia, Brazil
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31
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Xia C, Liang S, He Z, Zhu X, Chen R, Chen J. Metformin, a first-line drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus, disrupts the MALAT1/miR-142-3p sponge to decrease invasion and migration in cervical cancer cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 830:59-67. [PMID: 29704494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-neoplastic properties of metformin, a first-line drug for type 2 diabetes, remain elusive. To explore the novel anti-neoplastic mechanisms of metformin, the transwell chamber and wound-healing assays were used to evaluate its effects on the migration and invasion of human cervical cancer cells. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to measure the gene and protein expression, respectively, of microRNA (miRNA) miR-142-3p, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript-1 (MALAT1), and high-mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2). The dual-luciferase reporter assay system was used to examine the direct interaction between miR-142-3p and lncRNA MALAT1 and HMGA2. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the protein expression of HMGA2. In addition, tumor xenografts in a nude mouse model were developed to evaluate the anti-tumor efficacy of metformin. We found that metformin could suppress cervical cancer migration and invasion. During the process of tumor metastasis, miR-142-3p was significantly upregulated, whereas lncRNA MATAL1 and HMGA2 were suppressed by metformin. The binding site that allow the direct interaction between miR-142-3p and MALAT1 were located in the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) of lncRNA MATAL1 and HMGA2 at base pairs (bp) 4452-5255, while that between miR-142-3p and HMGA2 was located at bp 1562-2521 of HMGA2. Metformin markedly inhibited the growth and angiogenesis of SiHa xenografts in nude mice. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that metformin can prevent the MALAT1/miR-142-3p sponge from developing anti-neoplastic properties in human cervical cancer cells and cervical cancer cell xenografts in nude mice. Thus, our findings demonstrate the novel anti-tumor effects of metformin in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglai Xia
- The College of Pharmacy in Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China; Foshan Maternal and Child Health Research Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan 528000, China.
| | - Shaofen Liang
- The College of Pharmacy in Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Zhihong He
- The College of Pharmacy in Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhu
- The College of Pharmacy in Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Ruihong Chen
- The College of Pharmacy in Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Jinman Chen
- The College of Pharmacy in Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
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32
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Sun S, Gong F, Liu P, Miao Q. Metformin combined with quercetin synergistically repressed prostate cancer cells via inhibition of VEGF/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Gene 2018; 664:50-57. [PMID: 29678660 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of present study was to examine whether metformin in association with quercetin has any synergistically anti-tumor effects on prostate cancer. Our findings showed that metformin in combination with quercetin synergistically inhibited the growth, migration and invasion of both PC-3 and LNCaP cells. Co-treatment of these two agents induced more apoptosis than single agent treatment. The co-treatment-induced apoptosis was caspase-dependent and accompanied by the down-regulation of Bcl-2 family members. Our data also indicated that co-treatment of metformin and quercetin strongly inhibited the VEGF/Akt/PI3K pathway. Moreover, these two agents acted synergistically to repress the growth of human prostate cancer cell xenograft in vivo in nude mice. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the combination therapy of metformin and quercetin exerted synergistic antitumor effects in prostate cancers via inhibition of VEGF/Akt/PI3K pathway. Thus, combination treatment of metformin and quercetin would be a promising therapeutic strategy for prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuben Sun
- The Urology Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fanger Gong
- Ningbo Yinzhou No 2. Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Liu
- The Urology Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qilong Miao
- The Urology Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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33
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Bao C, Pedersen NL, Yang R, Marseglia A, Xu W, Wang Y, Qi X, Xu W. Diabetes in midlife and risk of cancer in late life: A nationwide Swedish twin study. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:793-800. [PMID: 29566433 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The association between diabetes and cancer risk remains controversial. Hence, we examined whether midlife diabetes is related to the risk of cancer in late-life, and whether genetic and early-life environmental factors play a role in this association. This study included 25,154 twin individuals born in 1958 or earlier from the Swedish Twin Registry. Information on cancer diagnosis in late life (aged ≥ 65) during 1998-2014, was derived from the National Patient and Cancer Registries. Diabetes was ascertained based on self- or informant-reported history, patient registry and antidiabetic medication use. Midlife diabetes was defined when diabetes was diagnosed before 65 years. Data were analyzed following two strategies: (i) unmatched case-control analysis for all participants using generalized estimating equation (GEE) models, and (ii) co-twin control analysis for cancer-discordant twin pairs using conditional logistic regression. Overall, 1,766 (7.0%) had midlife diabetes and 5,293 (21.0%) had cancer in late-life. In multiadjusted GEE models, the odds ratios (95% CIs) of diabetes were 10.55 (2.95-37.67) for pharynx cancer, 5.78 (1.72-19.40) for small intestine cancer, 2.37 (1.14-4.91) for liver cancer and 0.48 (0.35-0.67) for prostate cancer. In people with diabetes, diabetes duration was dose-dependently associated with cancer risk. In conditional logistic regression analysis of 176 prostate cancer-discordant twin pairs, the association between midlife diabetes and prostate cancer in later life became stronger. Midlife diabetes increases the risk of pharynx, small intestine and liver cancers, but reduces prostate cancer risk in late life. Genetic and early-life environmental factors may partially contribute to the diabetes-prostate cancer association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiping Bao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rongrong Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Anna Marseglia
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Weige Xu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Gongan Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaogang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiuying Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Weili Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Daubriac J, Pandya UM, Huang KT, Pavlides SC, Gama P, Blank SV, Shukla P, Crawford SE, Gold LI. Hormonal and Growth Regulation of Epithelial and Stromal Cells From the Normal and Malignant Endometrium by Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor. Endocrinology 2017; 158:2754-2773. [PMID: 28911166 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We discovered that pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF)-null mice have endometrial hyperplasia, the precursor to human type I endometrial cancer (ECA), which is etiologically linked to unopposed estrogen (E2), suggesting that this potent antiangiogenic factor might contribute to dysregulated growth and the development of type I ECA. Treatment of both ECA cell lines and primary ECA cells with recombinant PEDF dose dependently decreased cellular proliferation via an autocrine mechanism by blocking cells in G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle. Consistent with the known opposing effects of E2 and progesterone (Pg) on endometrial proliferation, Pg increases PEDF protein synthesis and release, whereas E2 has the converse effect. Using PEDF luciferase promoter constructs containing two Pg and one E2 response elements, E2 reduced and Pg increased promoter activity due to distal response elements. Furthermore, E2 decreases and Pg increases PEDF secretion into conditioned media (CM) by both normal endometrial stromal fibroblasts (ESFs) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), but only CM from ESFs mediated growth-inhibitory activity of primary endometrial epithelial cells (EECs). In addition, in cocultures with primary EECs, Pg-induced growth inhibition is mediated by ESFs, but not CAFs. This is consistent with reduced levels of Pg receptors on CAFs surrounding human malignant glands in vivo. Taken together, the data suggest that PEDF is a hormone-regulated negative autocrine mediator of endometrial proliferation, and that paracrine growth inhibition by soluble factors, possibly PEDF, released by ESFs in response to Pg, but not CAFs, exemplifies a tumor microenvironment that contributes to the pathogenesis of ECA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Daubriac
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine, New York University School of Medicine Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016
| | - Unnati M Pandya
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine, New York University School of Medicine Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016
| | - Kuang-Tzu Huang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine, New York University School of Medicine Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016
| | - Savvas C Pavlides
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine, New York University School of Medicine Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016
| | - Patricia Gama
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paolo, Sao Paolo 05508 000, Brazil
| | - Stephanie V Blank
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, New York University School of Medicine Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016
| | - Pratibha Shukla
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016
| | - Susan E Crawford
- NorthShore University Research Institute, Affiliate of Chicago Pritizker School of Medicine, Evanston, Illinois 60201
| | - Leslie I Gold
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine, New York University School of Medicine Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016
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Feng F, Zhang J, Fan X, Yuan F, Jiang Y, Lv R, Ma Y. Downregulation of Rab27A contributes to metformin-induced suppression of breast cancer stem cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:2947-2953. [PMID: 28928832 PMCID: PMC5588170 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are associated with tumor initiation, therapeutic resistance, relapse and metastasis. However, the underlying mechanisms CSCs use to preserve stemness are not yet fully understood. The present study demonstrated that the expression of RAB27A, member RAS oncogene family (Rab27a), which was reported to promote tumor progression by upregulating exocytosis of extracellular vesicles, was higher in mammosphere cells than in adherent MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Downregulation of Rab27A inhibited mammosphere formation by decreasing the proportion of CD44+CD24-/low cells of the MDA-MB-231 cell line. Furthermore, Rab27A overexpression redistributed the cell cycle of breast (b) CSCs. The present study revealed that downregulation of Rab27A enhanced the capacity of metformin, the most widely used oral hypoglycemic drug for the treatment of type II diabetes, to inhibit mammosphere growth. Metformin reduced the expression of Rab27A dose-dependently. These data suggested that Rab27A acts as a mediator of human bCSCs by promoting the growth of mammospheres and that synergistic suppression of Rab27A, alone or in combination with metformin, holds promise for therapeutically targeting bCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixue Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The XianYang Central Hospital, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxuan Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Yinghao Jiang
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, The School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Ruihua Lv
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
| | - Yanxia Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, P.R. China
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Okonkwo UA, DiPietro LA. Diabetes and Wound Angiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1419. [PMID: 28671607 PMCID: PMC5535911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 484] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus Type II (DM2) is a growing international health concern with no end in sight. Complications of DM2 involve a myriad of comorbidities including the serious complications of poor wound healing, chronic ulceration, and resultant limb amputation. In skin wound healing, which has definite, orderly phases, diabetes leads to improper function at all stages. While the etiology of chronic, non-healing diabetic wounds is multi-faceted, the progression to a non-healing phenotype is closely linked to poor vascular networks. This review focuses on diabetic wound healing, paying special attention to the aberrations that have been described in the proliferative, remodeling, and maturation phases of wound angiogenesis. Additionally, this review considers therapeutics that may offer promise to better wound healing outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzoagu A Okonkwo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Luisa A DiPietro
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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37
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Zhang J, Li G, Chen Y, Fang L, Guan C, Bai F, Ma M, Lyu J, Meng QH. Metformin Inhibits Tumorigenesis and Tumor Growth of Breast Cancer Cells by Upregulating miR-200c but Downregulating AKT2 Expression. J Cancer 2017; 8:1849-1864. [PMID: 28819383 PMCID: PMC5556649 DOI: 10.7150/jca.19858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Metformin has been reported to inhibit the growth of various types of cancers, including breast cancer. Yet the mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of metformin are not fully understood. Growing evidence suggests that metformin's anticancer effects are mediated at least in part by modulating microRNAs, including miR-200c, which has a tumor suppressive role in breast cancer. We hypothesized that miR-200c has a role in the antitumorigenic effects of metformin on breast cancer cells. Methods: To delineate the role of miR-200c in the effects of metformin on breast cancer, plasmids containing pre-miR-200c or miR-200c inhibitor were transfected into breast cancer cell lines. The MDA-MB-231, BT549, MCF-7, and T-47-D cells' proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were assessed. The antitumor role of metformin in vivo was investigated in a MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumor model in SCID mice. Results: Metformin significantly inhibited the growth, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cells, and induced their apoptosis; these effects were dependent on both dose and time. Metformin also suppressed MDA-MB-231 tumor growth in SCID mice in vivo. Metformin treatment was associated with increased miR-200c expression and decreased c-Myc and AKT2 protein expression in both breast cancer cells and tumor tissues. Overexpression of miR-200c exhibited effects on breast cancer cells similar to those of metformin treatment. In contrast, inhibiting the expression of miR-200c increased the growth, migration, and invasion of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Conclusion: Metformin inhibits the growth and invasiveness of breast cancer cells by upregulation of miR-200c expression by targeting AKT2. These findings provide novel insight into the molecular functions of metformin that suggest its potential as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Gefei Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Lei Fang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Chen Guan
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Fumao Bai
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Mengni Ma
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jianxin Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Qing H Meng
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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38
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Yu T, Wang C, Yang J, Guo Y, Wu Y, Li X. Metformin inhibits SUV39H1-mediated migration of prostate cancer cells. Oncogenesis 2017; 6:e324. [PMID: 28459432 PMCID: PMC5523061 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2017.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer-related death among men, largely due to incurable distant metastases. Metformin, the most common used anti-type-2 diabetes medicine, has been linked to reduced cancer risk and better diagnosis. We found that metformin was able to inhibit PCa cell migration, which correlates with tumor metastatic capability. The pathogenesis and progression of tumors are closely related to dysregulated gene expression in tumor cells through epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation and histone modifications. We found that the level of SUV39H1, a histone methyltransferase of H3 Lys9, was reduced in metformin-treated PCa cells in a time-dependent manner. SUV39H1 overexpression increased PCa migration, whereas SUV39H1 depletion suppressed PCa cell migration. There is a positive correlation between SUV39H1 expression and PCa pathological stages. We further showed that both metformin treatment and SUV39H1 knockout in PCa cells can reduce integrin αV and β1 proteins, as well as their downstream phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) levels, which is essential for functional adhesion signaling and tumor cell migration. Taken together, metformin reduced SUV39H1 to inhibit migration of PCa cells via disturbing the integrin-FAK signaling. Our study suggests SUV39H1 as a novel target to inhibit PCa cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yu
- Institute of Gene Engineered Animal Models for Human Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry (NYUCD), New York, NY, USA
| | - C Wang
- Biochemistry Section, Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J Yang
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry (NYUCD), New York, NY, USA
| | - Y Guo
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry (NYUCD), New York, NY, USA
| | - Y Wu
- Institute of Gene Engineered Animal Models for Human Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry (NYUCD), New York, NY, USA
- The Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - X Li
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry (NYUCD), New York, NY, USA
- Department of Urology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Institute, New York University, Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Sarmento-Cabral A, L-López F, Gahete MD, Castaño JP, Luque RM. Metformin Reduces Prostate Tumor Growth, in a Diet-Dependent Manner, by Modulating Multiple Signaling Pathways. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:862-874. [PMID: 28385910 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostate-cancer is strongly influenced by obesity, wherein metformin could represent a promising treatment; however, the endocrine metabolic/cellular/molecular mechanisms underlying these associations and effects are still unclear. To determine the beneficial antitumoral effects of metformin on prostate cancer progression/aggressiveness and the relative contribution of high-fat diet (HFD; independently of obesity), we used HFD-fed immunosuppressed mice inoculated with PC3 cells (which exhibited partial resistance to diet-induced obesity) compared with low-fat diet (LFD)-fed control mice. Moreover, gene expression analysis was performed on cancer-associated genes in the xenografted tumors, and the antitumorigenic role of metformin on tumoral (PC3/22Rv1/LNCaP) and normal (RWPE1) prostate cells was evaluated. The results demonstrate that HFD is associated with enhanced prostate cancer growth irrespective of body weight gain and endocrine metabolic dysregulations and that metformin can reduce prostate cancer growth under LFD but more prominently under HFD, acting through the modulation of several tumoral-associated processes (e.g., cell cycle, apoptosis, and/or necrosis). Moreover, the actions observed in vivo could be mediated by the modulation of the local expression of GH/IGF1 axis components. Finally, it was demonstrated that metformin had disparate effects on proliferation, migration, and prostate-specific antigen secretion from different cell lines. Altogether, these data reveal that metformin inhibits prostate cancer growth under LFD and, specially, under HFD conditions through multiple metabolic/tumoral signaling pathways.Implications: The current study linking dietary influence on metformin-regulated signaling pathways and antitumoral response provides new and critical insight on environment-host interactions in cancer and therapy. Mol Cancer Res; 15(7); 862-74. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Sarmento-Cabral
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Córdoba, Spain.,CIBERobn, Madrid, Spain.,ceiA3, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Fernando L-López
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Córdoba, Spain.,CIBERobn, Madrid, Spain.,ceiA3, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel D Gahete
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Córdoba, Spain.,CIBERobn, Madrid, Spain.,ceiA3, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Córdoba, Spain.,CIBERobn, Madrid, Spain.,ceiA3, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain. .,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Córdoba, Spain.,CIBERobn, Madrid, Spain.,ceiA3, Córdoba, Spain
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40
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Xiao J, Yu H. Gemcitabine Conjugated Chitosan and Double Antibodies (Abc-GC-Gemcitabine Nanoparticles) Enhanced Cytoplasmic Uptake of Gemcitabine and Inhibit Proliferation and Metastasis In Human SW1990 Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:1613-1620. [PMID: 28366930 PMCID: PMC5388304 DOI: 10.12659/msm.901292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is considered a chemoresistant neoplasm with extremely dismal prognosis and gemcitabine treatment is associated with many side effects and poor overall survival. The study aimed at developing a new nanobioconjugate, which specifically delivered gemcitabine and anti-EGFR antibody into pancreatic cancer cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS The novel nanodrug is based on chitosan platform, which is non-toxic, biocompatibility and biodegradable. We measured the effects of proliferation and metastasis on SW1990 by CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, wound healing assay and Transwell assay. The expression of related proteins were evaluated by Western blot. RESULTS We synthesized Abc-GC-gemcitabine nanoparticles successfully with the encapsulation rate of nanobioconjugates was 91.63% and the drug loadings was 9.97%. Both GC-gemcitabine microspheres solution (GC group) and Abc-GC-gemcitabine microspheres solution (Abc group) inhibited cells proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion in SW1990 cells dramatically. Moreover, Abc-GC-gemcitabine microspheres expressed more significant inhibited action than GC-gemcitabine microspheres efficiently CONCLUSIONS Our data suggested that Abc-GC-gemcitabine nanoparticles could have promising potential in treating metastasized and chemoresistant pancreatic cancer by enhancing the drug efficacy and minimizing off target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xiao
- Department of Surgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Haibo Yu
- Department of Surgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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41
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Chen Y, Fang L, Zhang J, Li G, Ma M, Li C, Lyu J, Meng QH. Blockage of Glyoxalase I Inhibits Colorectal Tumorigenesis and Tumor Growth via Upregulation of STAT1, p53, and Bax and Downregulation of c-Myc and Bcl-2. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030570. [PMID: 28282916 PMCID: PMC5372586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
GlyoxalaseI (GLOI) is an enzyme that catalyzes methylglyoxal metabolism. Overexpression of GLOI has been documented in numerous tumor tissues, including colorectal cancer (CRC). The antitumor effects of GLOI depletion have been demonstrated in some types of cancer, but its role in CRC and the mechanisms underlying this activity remain largely unknown. Our purpose was to investigate the antitumor effects of depleted GLOI on CRC in vitro and in vivo. RNA interference was used to deplete GLOI activity in four CRC cell lines. The cells' proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were assessed by using the Cell Counting Kit-8, plate colony formation assay, flow cytometry, and transwell assays. Protein and mRNA levels were analyzed by western blot and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), respectively. The antitumor effect of GLOI depletion in vivo was investigated in a SW620 xenograft tumor model in BALB/c nude mice. Our results show that GLOI is over-expressed in the CRC cell lines. GLOI depletion inhibited the proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion and induced apoptosis of all CRC cells compared with the controls. The levels of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), p53, and Bcl-2 assaciated X protein (Bax) were upregulated by GLOI depletion, while cellular homologue of avian myelocytomatosis virus oncogene (c-Myc) and B cell lymphoma/lewkmia-2 (Bcl-2) were downregulated. Moreover, the growth of SW620-induced CRC tumors in BALB/c nude mice was significantly attenuated by GLOI depletion. The expression levels of STAT1, p53, and Bax were increased and those of c-Myc and Bcl-2 were decreased in the GLOI-depleted tumors. Our findings demonstrate that GLOI depletion has an antitumor effect through the STAT1 or p53 signaling pathways in CRC, suggesting that GLOI is a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Lei Fang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Jiali Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Gefei Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Mengni Ma
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Changxi Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Jianxin Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Qing H Meng
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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42
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Xia C, Chen R, Chen J, Qi Q, Pan Y, Du L, Xiao G, Jiang S. Combining metformin and nelfinavir exhibits synergistic effects against the growth of human cervical cancer cells and xenograft in nude mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43373. [PMID: 28252027 PMCID: PMC5333097 DOI: 10.1038/srep43373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cervical cancer is the fourth most common carcinoma in women worldwide. However, the emergence of drug resistance calls for continuously developing new anticancer drugs and combination chemotherapy regimens. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-cervical cancer effects of metformin, a first-line therapeutic drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus, and nelfinavir, an HIV protease inhibitor, when used alone or in combination. We found that both metformin and nelfinavir, when used alone, were moderately effective in inhibiting proliferation, inducing apoptosis and suppressing migration and invasion of human cervical cell lines HeLa, SiHa and CaSki. When used in combination, these two drugs acted synergistically to inhibit the growth of human cervical cancer cells in vitro and cervical cancer cell xenograft in vivo in nude mice, and suppress cervical cancer cell migration and invasion. The protein expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase catalytic subunit PI3K(p110α), which can promote tumor growth, was remarkably downregulated, while the tumor suppressor proteins p53 and p21 were substantially upregulated following the combinational treatment in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that clinical use of metformin and nelfinavir in combination is expected to have synergistic antitumor efficacy and significant potential for the treatment of human cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglai Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.,Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ruihong Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Jinman Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Qianqian Qi
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yanbin Pan
- Aris Pharmaceuticals Inc., Bristol, PA19007, USA
| | - Lanying Du
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Guohong Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, College of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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43
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Hou YC, Hu Q, Huang J, Fang JY, Xiong H. Metformin therapy and the risk of colorectal adenoma in patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:8843-8853. [PMID: 27903961 PMCID: PMC5352447 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing data evaluating the impact of metformin on the colorectal adenoma (CRA) risk in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes (T2D) are limited and controversial. We therefore summarized the studies currently available and assessed the relationship between metformin treatment and risk of CRA in T2D patients. METHODS We systematically searched databases for eligible studies that explored the impact of metformin treatment on the occurrence of CRA in T2D patients from inception to June 2016. The summary odds ratio (OR) estimates with their 95% confidence interval (CI) were derived using random-effect, generic inverse variance methods. Sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis were performed. RESULTS Seven studies involving 7178 participants met the inclusion criteria. The pooling showed that metformin therapy has a 27% decrease in the CRA risk (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.58 - 0.90). In subgroup analysis, we detected that metformin exhibits significant chemoprevention effects in Asia region (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.48 - 0.96). Similar results were identified in both studies with adjusted ORs and high-quality studies (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.50 - 0.86 and OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.58 - 0.84, respectively). Of note, an inverse relationship was noted that metformin therapy may result in a significant decrease in the advanced adenoma risk (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.38 - 0.72). Low heterogeneity was observed, however, the results remained robust in multiple sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis indicates that metformin therapy is correlated with a significant decrease in the risk of CRA and advanced adenoma in T2D patients. Further confirmatory studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chao Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Qiang Hu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Jiao Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Hua Xiong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai 200001, China
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44
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Sun R, Ma X, Cai X, Pan X, Liu D. The effect and mechanism of action of metformin on in vitro FaDu cell proliferation. J Int Med Res 2016; 44:1049-1054. [PMID: 27688683 PMCID: PMC5536548 DOI: 10.1177/0300060516642645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of action of metformin on proliferation of a human hypopharyngeal carcinoma cell line (FaDu). Methods FaDu cells were treated with metformin (25–125 mmol/l). Cell proliferation was evaluated via CCK-8 assay. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate microRNA (miR)-21-5p and PDCD4 (programmed cell death 4) expression. PDCD4 protein was quantified by Western blot. Results Metformin significantly inhibited FaDu cell proliferation in a dose- (25–100 mmol/l) and time-dependent manner (12 h–36 h), significantly downregulated miR-21-5p, and upregulated PDCD4 mRNA and protein expression. Conclusions Metformin significantly inhibited FaDu cell proliferation, possibly via downregulation of miR-21-5p and upregulation of PDCD4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Sun
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, China
| | - Xiaojie Ma
- 2 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao) of Shandong University, China
| | - Xiaolan Cai
- 2 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao) of Shandong University, China
| | - Xinliang Pan
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, China.,2 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao) of Shandong University, China
| | - Dayu Liu
- 1 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, China.,2 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao) of Shandong University, China
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