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Qian H, Ye Z, Hu Y, Wu M, Chen L, Li L, Hu Z, Zhao Q, Zhang C, Yang M, Xudong W, Ye Q, Qin K. Molecular targets associated with ulcerative colitis and the benefits of atractylenolides-based therapy. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1398294. [PMID: 38860174 PMCID: PMC11163078 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1398294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the intestines that can significantly impact quality of life and lead to various complications. Currently, 5-aminosalicylic acid derivatives, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and biologics are the major treatment strategies for UC, but their limitations have raised concerns. Atractylenolides (ATs), sesquiterpene metabolites found in Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz., have shown promising effects in treating UC by exerting immune barrier modulation, alleviating oxidative stress, gut microbiota regulation, improving mitochondrial dysfunction and repairing the intestinal barrier. Furthermore, ATs have been shown to possess remarkable anti-fibrosis, anti-thrombus, anti-angiogenesis and anti-cancer. These findings suggest that ATs hold important potential in treating UC and its complications. Therefore, this review systematically summarizes the efficacy and potential mechanisms of ATs in treating UC and its complications, providing the latest insights for further research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanzhu Qian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhen Ye
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingquan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liulin Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Linzhen Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhipeng Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Maoyi Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen Xudong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chengdu Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiaobo Ye
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kaihua Qin
- Health Preservation and Rehabilitation College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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He L, Deng T, Huang Y, Yang W, Yang J, Song G. Association between 23 drugs and inflammatory bowel disease: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1371362. [PMID: 38835788 PMCID: PMC11149542 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1371362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of diseases characterized by chronic and recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The etiology of IBD remains multifaceted and poorly understood, resulting in limited treatment options that primarily target disease induction and remission maintenance. Thus, the exploration of novel therapeutic options for IBD among existing medications is advantageous. Mendelian randomization analysis (MR) serves as a valuable tool in investigating the relationship between drugs and diseases. In this study, MR analysis was employed to investigate the potential causal relationship between 23 approved drugs for the treatment of various diseases and IBD. Method We performed a two-sample MR analysis using publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) statistics. The inverse variance weighting (IVW) method was used as the main analysis method, supplemented by the remaining four methods (weighted median, MR Egger regression, simple and weighted models), and Meta-analysis was performed to expand the sample size to obtain a more reliable composite causal effect. Finally, Cochran's Q statistic and the MR-Egger test for directed pleiotropy were applied to determine whether significant heterogeneity or directed pleiotropy existed. Results In the main MR analysis (IVW), drugs with a negative causal association with the risk of IBD were immunosuppressant {OR (95% CI) = 0.7389 [0.6311-0.8651], p = 0.0046} and diabetes drugs {OR (95% CI) = 0.9266 [0.8876-0.9674], p = 0.0058}. A positive causal association with the risk of IBD was found for salicylic acid and derivatives {OR (95% CI) = 1.2737 [1.0778-1.5053], p = 0.0345}. Negative causal associations with UC risk were identified for immunosuppressants {OR (95% CI) = 0.6660 [0.5133-0.8640], p = 0.0169} and diabetes medications {OR (95% CI) = 0.9020 [0.8508-0.9551], p = 0.0046}; positive causal associations with UC risk were found for β-receptor blockers {OR (95% CI) = 1.1893 [1.0823-1.3070], p = 0.0046}. A negative causal association with the risk of CD was found for immunosuppressants {OR (95% CI) = 0.6957 [0.5803-0.8341], p = 0.0023}. There was no statistically significant association between the remaining 19 drugs and IBD and subtypes. Conclusion This MR study provides evidence suggesting that immunosuppressants have a mitigating effect on the risk of IBD and demonstrate consistent efficacy in subtypes of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Additionally, diabetes medications show potential in reducing the risk of IBD, particularly in cases of UC, while β-blockers may elevate the risk of UC. Conversely, salicylic acid and its derivatives may increase the risk of IBD, although this effect is not consistently observed in the subtypes of the disease. These findings offer new insights into the prevention and management of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tuo Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yurong Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liupanshui People's Hospital, Liupanshui, Guizhou, China
| | - Wangliu Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liupanshui People's Hospital, Liupanshui, Guizhou, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Gengqing Song
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Metrohealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Wu Z, Xiao C, Li F, Huang W, You F, Li X. Mitochondrial fusion-fission dynamics and its involvement in colorectal cancer. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:1058-1075. [PMID: 38158734 PMCID: PMC11076987 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer have elevated its status as a significant public health concern. Recent research has elucidated the crucial role of mitochondrial fusion-fission dynamics in the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer. Elevated mitochondrial fission or fusion activity can contribute to the metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells, thereby activating oncogenic pathways that drive cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and drug resistance. Nevertheless, excessive mitochondrial fission can induce apoptosis, whereas moderate mitochondrial fusion can protect cells from oxidative stress. This imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics can exert dual roles as both promoters and inhibitors of colorectal cancer progression. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the fusion-fission dynamics and the underlying pathological mechanisms in colorectal cancer cells. Additionally, it offers partial insights into the mitochondrial kinetics in colorectal cancer-associated cells, such as immune and endothelial cells. This review is aimed at identifying key molecular events involved in colorectal cancer progression and highlighting the potential of mitochondrial dynamic proteins as emerging targets for pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihong Wu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChina
| | - Chong Xiao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChina
- Oncology Teaching and Research DepartmentChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChina
| | - Fang Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChina
| | - Wenbo Huang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChina
| | - Fengming You
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChina
- Institute of OncologyChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChina
| | - Xueke Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChina
- Oncology Teaching and Research DepartmentChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChina
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Wu Z, Xiao C, Long J, Huang W, You F, Li X. Mitochondrial dynamics and colorectal cancer biology: mechanisms and potential targets. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:91. [PMID: 38302953 PMCID: PMC10835948 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01490-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant public health concern, and its development is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria can adapt to the high metabolic demands of cancer cells owing to their plasticity and dynamic nature. The fusion-fission dynamics of mitochondria play a crucial role in signal transduction and metabolic functions of CRC cells. Enhanced mitochondrial fission promotes the metabolic reprogramming of CRC cells, leading to cell proliferation, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Excessive fission can also trigger mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. In contrast, excessive mitochondrial fusion leads to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) overproduction and abnormal tumor proliferation, whereas moderate fusion protects intestinal epithelial cells from oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial damage, thus preventing colitis-associated cancer (CAC). Therefore, an imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics can either promote or inhibit CRC progression. This review provides an overview of the mechanism underlying mitochondrial fusion-fission dynamics and their impact on CRC biology. This revealed the dual role of mitochondrial fusion-fission dynamics in CRC development and identified potential drug targets. Additionally, this study partially explored mitochondrial dynamics in immune and vascular endothelial cells in the tumor microenvironment, suggesting promising prospects for targeting key fusion/fission effector proteins against CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihong Wu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Chong Xiao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
- Oncology Teaching and Research Department of Chengdu, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Jing Long
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Wenbo Huang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Fengming You
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
- Institute of Oncology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Xueke Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
- Oncology Teaching and Research Department of Chengdu, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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Sánchez-Quintero MJ, Rodríguez-Díaz C, Rodríguez-González FJ, Fernández-Castañer A, García-Fuentes E, López-Gómez C. Role of Mitochondria in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17124. [PMID: 38069446 PMCID: PMC10707203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are key cellular organelles whose main function is maintaining cell bioenergetics by producing ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. However, mitochondria are involved in a much higher number of cellular processes. Mitochondria are the home of key metabolic pathways like the tricarboxylic acid cycle and β-oxidation of fatty acids, as well as biosynthetic pathways of key products like nucleotides and amino acids, the control of the redox balance of the cell and detoxifying the cell from H2S and NH3. This plethora of critical functions within the cell is the reason mitochondrial function is involved in several complex disorders (apart from pure mitochondrial disorders), among them inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). IBD are a group of chronic, inflammatory disorders of the gut, mainly composed of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. In this review, we present the current knowledge regarding the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of IBD. The role of mitochondria in both intestinal mucosa and immune cell populations are discussed, as well as the role of mitochondrial function in mechanisms like mucosal repair, the microbiota- and brain-gut axes and the development of colitis-associated colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Sánchez-Quintero
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain; (M.J.S.-Q.); (C.R.-D.); (A.F.-C.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain; (M.J.S.-Q.); (C.R.-D.); (A.F.-C.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Rodríguez-González
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain; (M.J.S.-Q.); (C.R.-D.); (A.F.-C.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Alejandra Fernández-Castañer
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain; (M.J.S.-Q.); (C.R.-D.); (A.F.-C.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Fuentes
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain; (M.J.S.-Q.); (C.R.-D.); (A.F.-C.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos López-Gómez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain; (M.J.S.-Q.); (C.R.-D.); (A.F.-C.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain
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Li G, Xu Y, Li Y, Chang D, Zhang P, Ma Z, Chen D, You Y, Huang X, Cai J. Qiangjing tablets ameliorate asthenozoospermia via mitochondrial ubiquitination and mitophagy mediated by LKB1/AMPK/ULK1 signaling. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2023; 61:271-280. [PMID: 36655371 PMCID: PMC9858429 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2023.2168021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Therapeutic effects of Qiangjing tablets (QJT) on sperm vitality and asthenozoospermia (AZS) have been confirmed. However, the mechanism of action remains unclear. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the effects of QJT on AZS and the underlying mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: Control, ORN (ornidazole; 200 mg/kg), ORN + QJT-low (0.17 g/mL), ORN + QJT-middle (0.33 g/mL), ORN + QJT-high (0.67 g/mL), and ORN + QJT + Radicicol (0.67 g/mL QJT and 20 mg/kg radicicol) groups. Pathological evaluation and analysis of mitophagy were conducted by H&E staining and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Reactive oxygen species were detected by flow cytometry. Protein expression was determined by Western blotting. RESULTS QJT significantly improved ORN-treated sperm motility and kinematic parameters, as well as the pathological symptoms of testicular and epididymal tissues. In particular, QJT mitigated impaired mitochondrial morphology, and increased the PHB, Beclin-1, LC3-II protein, and ROS levels (p < 0.05), and reduced the protein expression levels of LC3-I and p62 (p < 0.05). Mechanistically, QJT antagonized the downregulation of SCF and Parkin protein levels (p < 0.05). Furthermore, QJT significantly increased the protein expressions levels of LKB1, AMPKα, p-AMPKα, ULK1 and p-ULK1 (p < 0.05). The ameliorative effect of QJT on pathological manifestations, mitochondrial morphology, and the expressions of mitophagy and mitochondrial ubiquitination-related proteins was counteracted by radicicol. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS QJT improved AZS via mitochondrial ubiquitination and mitophagy mediated by the LKB1/AMPK/ULK1 signaling pathway. Our study provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of AZS and male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangsen Li
- Department of Urology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanjie Xu
- Department of Urology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingxi Li
- Department of Urology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Degui Chang
- Department of Urology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Peihai Zhang
- Department of Urology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziyang Ma
- Department of Urology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Di’ang Chen
- Department of Urology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaodong You
- Department of Urology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaopeng Huang
- Department of Urology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Cai
- Department of Urology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Wanchaitanawong W, Thinrungroj N, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N, Shinlapawittayatorn K. Repurposing metformin as a potential treatment for inflammatory bowel disease: Evidence from cell to the clinic. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 112:109230. [PMID: 36099786 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises a group of intestinal disorders, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Currently, the incidence and prevalence of IBD are increasing globally. Although both biologic agents and small molecule drugs have been available for treatment of IBD patients, approximately one third of treated patients do not respond to these treatments. Therefore, novel therapy or repurposing of drugs have been extensively studied to obtain an effective therapy for IBD patients. Among these drugs, metformin has been reported to exert beneficial effects in many organs via its anti-inflammatory effect. Additionally, evidence from cellular to clinical models of IBD demonstrated significant positive effects of metformin on inflammatory pathways, oxidative stress, gut barrier integrity, and gut microbiota. In this review, the beneficial effects of metformin on IBD are comprehensively summarized and discussed using the results of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. Increased understanding of these protective effects and the underlying mechanisms may pave the way for effective use of metformin in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasuwit Wanchaitanawong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nithi Thinrungroj
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Krekwit Shinlapawittayatorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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Chemically Induced Colitis-Associated Cancer Models in Rodents for Pharmacological Modulation: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11102739. [PMID: 35628865 PMCID: PMC9146029 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models for colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CACC) represent an important tool to explore the mechanistic basis of cancer-related inflammation, providing important evidence that several inflammatory mediators play specific roles in the initiation and perpetuation of colitis and CACC. Although several original articles have been published describing the CACC model in rodents, there is no consensus about the induction method. This review aims to identify, summarize, compare, and discuss the chemical methods for the induction of CACC through the PRISMA methodology. METHODS We searched MEDLINE via the Pubmed platform for studies published through March 2021, using a highly sensitive search expression. The inclusion criteria were only original articles, articles where a chemically-induced animal model of CACC is described, preclinical studies in vivo with rodents, and articles published in English. RESULTS Chemically inducible models typically begin with the administration of a carcinogenic compound (as azoxymethane (AOM) or 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)), and inflammation is caused by repeated cycles of colitis-inducing agents (such as 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) or dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)). The strains mostly used are C57BL/6 and Balb/c with 5-6 weeks. To characterize the preclinical model, the parameters more used include body weight, stool consistency and morbidity, inflammatory biomarkers such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, angiogenesis markers such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), marker of proliferation Ki-67, and caspase 3, the presence of ulcers, thickness or hyperemia in the colon, and histological evaluation of inflammation. CONCLUSION The AOM administration seems to be important to the CACC induction method, since the carcinogenic effect is achieved with just one administration. DSS has been the more used inflammatory agent; however, the TNBS contribution should be more studied, since it allows a reliable, robust, and a highly reproducible animal model of intestinal inflammation.
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Atractylenolide III Improves Mitochondrial Function and Protects Against Ulcerative Colitis by Activating AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:9129984. [PMID: 35431653 PMCID: PMC9012613 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9129984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a complex inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) associated with mitochondrial function. Atractylenolide III (AT III) is a natural product with anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this work is to investigate the protective effect of AT III on UC and its underlying mechanisms. Herein, dextran sulfate sodium- (DSS-) induced mice and lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) were employed to mimic UC pathologies in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that in DSS-induced mice, AT III significantly reversed the body weight loss, colon length reduction, disease activity index (DAI) increase, and histological damage. The production of proinflammatory factors and reduction of antioxidants in colitis were suppressed by AT III. In addition, we demonstrated that AT III attenuated the intestinal epithelial barrier destruction and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by DSS, which was similar to the in vitro results in LPS-treated IEC-6 cells. The protein levels of p-AMPK, SIRT1, and PGC-1α along with acetylated PGC-1α were also upregulated by AT III in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, these findings support that AT III may protect against mitochondrial dysfunction by the activation of the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway during UC development.
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Zhang B, Liu K, Yang H, Jin Z, Ding Q, Zhao L. Gut Microbiota: The Potential Key Target of TCM's Therapeutic Effect of Treating Different Diseases Using the Same Method-UC and T2DM as Examples. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:855075. [PMID: 35433500 PMCID: PMC9005880 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.855075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese herbal medicine often exerts the therapeutic effect of "treating different diseases with the same method" in clinical practice; in other words, it is a kind of herbal medicine that can often treat two or even multiple diseases; however, the biological mechanism underlying its multi-path and multi-target pharmacological effects remains unclear. Growing evidence has demonstrated that gut microbiota dysbiosis plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of several diseases, and that the root cause of herbal medicine plays a therapeutic role in different diseases, a phenomenon potentially related to the improvement of the gut microbiota. We used local intestinal diseases, such as ulcerative colitis, and systemic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, as examples; comprehensively searched databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure; and summarized the related studies. The results indicate that multiple individual Chinese herbal medicines, such as Rhizoma coptidis (Huang Lian), Curcuma longa L (Jiang Huang), and Radix Scutellariae (Huang Qin), and Chinese medicinal compounds, such as Gegen Qinlian Decoction, Banxia Xiexin Decoction, and Shenling Baizhu Powder, potentially treat these two diseases by enriching the diversity of the gut microbiota, increasing beneficial bacteria and butyrate-producing bacteria, reducing pathogenic bacteria, improving the intestinal mucosal barrier, and inhibiting intestinal and systemic inflammation. In conclusion, this study found that a variety of traditional Chinese herbal medicines can simultaneously treat ulcerative colitis and type 2 diabetes, and the gut microbiota may be a significant target for herbal medicine as it exerts its therapeutic effect of "treating different diseases with the same method".
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxun Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haoyu Yang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zishan Jin
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyou Ding
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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11
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Feng J, Wang X, Ye X, Ares I, Lopez-Torres B, Martínez M, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Wang X, Anadón A, Martínez MA. Mitochondria as an important target of metformin: The mechanism of action, toxic and side effects, and new therapeutic applications. Pharmacol Res 2022; 177:106114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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12
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Zhao XX, Ma SB, Wen JP, Hu DT, Gao JS, Peng Q, Zhang YC, Wang JQ, Wang K, Shi XP. Reactive Oxygen Species-Responsive Polyether Micelle Nanomaterials for Targeted Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2022; 18:120-131. [PMID: 35180905 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2022.3233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most challenging inflammatory diseases, the incidence of ulcerative colitis (UC) is increasing year by year, but the existing therapeutic drugs are not effective and lack of targeting. Nanomaterials are expected to become promising delivery system due to their good targeting effects. Here, we designed a nanomaterial sensitive to reactive oxygen species, which can be used to treat IBD, especially UC. It is a self-assembled polyether micelle that can be oxidized at the inflammation site where the concentration of reactive oxygen increases, and effectively release the encapsulated budesonide (Bud). Experiments have proved that for DSS-induced colitis, the synthetic drug-loaded nanoparticles have excellent therapeutic effects, can effectively repair intestinal barrier, and significantly improve the damaged colon tissue. At the same time, it has a beneficial regulatory effect on inflammatory factors. Molecular mechanism studies have shown that it achieves its therapeutic effects by activating the peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors-γ (PPAR-γ) pathway and inhibiting the nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway. This study proves that oral nano-micelles have an important impact on improving the efficacy of UC treatment drugs and have far-reaching significance for the targeted treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Shan-Bo Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jin-Peng Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Da-Tao Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ju-Shan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qiao Peng
- Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yu-Chen Zhang
- Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jin-Qing Wang
- Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ke Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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13
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Meng J, Yang J, Pan T, Qu X, Cui S. ZnO nanoparticles promote the malignant transformation of colorectal epithelial cells in APC min/+ mice. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:106923. [PMID: 34634619 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As the use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in everyday products grows, so does concern about health risks. However, no findings on the gastrointestinal toxicity of ZnO NPs have been published. We investigated the possible malignant transformation of ZnO NPs in the mice's colonic tissues using the APCmin/+ mouse model with a premalignant lesion in intestinal epithelial cells. Higher doses and long-term oral exposure to ZnO NPs were found to mildly promote colonic inflammation in WT mice, while they moderately or strongly exacerbated the severity of chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis in APCmin/+ mice with intestinal adenomatous polyposis. The ZnO NPs-induced inflammation and tumorigenesis in colonic epithelial cells was linked to the activation of CXCR2/NF-κB/STAT3/ERK and AKT pathways. Analysis of the ZnO NPs-exacerbated intestinal adenomatous polyposis in APCmin/+ mice revealed that ZnO NPs could activate the APC-driven Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, exacerbating intestinal tumorigenesis. In fact, ZnO NPs have been shown to increase intestinal inflammation and tumorigenesis in APCmin/+ mice by releasing free Zn2+. In WT mice, a low dose of ZnO NPs (26 mg/kg/day) did not cause intestinal inflammation. In conclusion, higher doses and prolonged exposure to ZnO NPs promote the malignant transformation of precancerous epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming, East China Normal University, Shanghai 202162, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ting Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xianjun Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shuxiang Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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WGCNA-Based Identification of Hub Genes and Key Pathways Involved in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5633211. [PMID: 34938809 PMCID: PMC8687832 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5633211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background The morbidity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been rising, but the pathogenesis of NAFLD is still elusive. This study is aimed at determining NAFLD-related hub genes based on weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). Methods GSE126848 dataset based construction of coexpression networks was performed based on WGCNA. Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) was utilized for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Hub genes were identified and validated in independent datasets and mouse model. Results We found that the steelblue module was most significantly correlated with NAFLD. Total 15 hub genes (NDUFA9, UQCRQ, NDUFB8, COPS5, RPS17, UBL5, PSMA3, PSMA1, SF3B5, MRPL27, RPL26, PDCD5, PFDN6, SNRPD2, PSMB3) were derived from both the coexpression and PPI networks and considered “true” hub genes. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the hub genes were related to NAFLD pathway and oxidative phosphorylation. Independent dataset-based analysis and the establishment of NAFLD mouse model confirmed the involvement of two hub genes NDUFA9 and UQCRQ in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Conclusions Oxidative phosphorylation and NAFLD pathway may be crucially involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, and two hub genes NDUFA9 and UQCRQ might be diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for NAFLD.
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Ala M, Ala M. Metformin for Cardiovascular Protection, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Osteoporosis, Periodontitis, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, Neurodegeneration, Cancer, Inflammation and Senescence: What Is Next? ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:1747-1770. [PMID: 34927008 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is accompanied by several complications. Higher prevalence of cancers, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease (CKD), obesity, osteoporosis, and neurodegenerative diseases has been reported among patients with diabetes. Metformin is the oldest oral antidiabetic drug and can improve coexisting complications of diabetes. Clinical trials and observational studies uncovered that metformin can remarkably prevent or alleviate cardiovascular diseases, obesity, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), osteoporosis, cancer, periodontitis, neuronal damage and neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), tuberculosis, and COVID-19. In addition, metformin has been proposed as an antiaging agent. Numerous mechanisms were shown to be involved in the protective effects of metformin. Metformin activates the LKB1/AMPK pathway to interact with several intracellular signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms. The drug modifies the biologic function of NF-κB, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, SIRT1/PGC-1α, NLRP3, ERK, P38 MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin, Nrf2, JNK, and other major molecules in the intracellular signaling network. It also regulates the expression of noncoding RNAs. Thereby, metformin can regulate metabolism, growth, proliferation, inflammation, tumorigenesis, and senescence. Additionally, metformin modulates immune response, autophagy, mitophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and apoptosis and exerts epigenetic effects. Furthermore, metformin protects against oxidative stress and genomic instability, preserves telomere length, and prevents stem cell exhaustion. In this review, the protective effects of metformin on each disease will be discussed using the results of recent meta-analyses, clinical trials, and observational studies. Thereafter, it will be meticulously explained how metformin reprograms intracellular signaling pathways and alters molecular and cellular interactions to modify the clinical presentations of several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Ala
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), 1416753955 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahan Ala
- School of Dentistry, Golestan University of Medical Sciences (GUMS), 4814565589 Golestan, Iran
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16
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Metformin Corrects Glucose Metabolism Reprogramming and NLRP3 Inflammasome-Induced Pyroptosis via Inhibiting the TLR4/NF- κB/PFKFB3 Signaling in Trophoblasts: Implication for a Potential Therapy of Preeclampsia. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:1806344. [PMID: 34804360 PMCID: PMC8601820 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1806344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis is a crucial event in the preeclamptic pathogenesis, tightly linked with the uteroplacental TLR4/NF-κB signaling. Trophoblastic glycometabolism reprogramming has now been noticed in the preeclampsia pathogenesis, plausibly modulated by the TLR4/NF-κB signaling as well. Intriguingly, cellular pyroptosis and metabolic phenotypes may be inextricably linked and interacted. Metformin (MET), a widely accepted NF-κB signaling inhibitor, may have therapeutic potential in preeclampsia while the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we investigated the role of MET on trophoblastic pyroptosis and its relevant metabolism reprogramming. The safety of pharmacologic MET concentration to trophoblasts was verified at first, which had no adverse effects on trophoblastic viability. Pharmacological MET concentration suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome-induced pyroptosis partly through inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling in preeclamptic trophoblast models induced via low-dose lipopolysaccharide. Besides, MET corrected the glycometabolic reprogramming and oxidative stress partly via suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB signaling and blocking transcription factor NF-κB1 binding on the promoter PFKFB3, a potent glycolytic accelerator. Furthermore, PFKFB3 can also enhance the NF-κB signaling, reduce NLRP3 ubiquitination, and aggravate pyroptosis. However, MET suppressed pyroptosis partly via inhibiting PFKFB3 as well. These results provided that the TLR4/NF-κB/PFKFB3 pathway may be a novel link between metabolism reprogramming and NLRP3 inflammasome-induced pyroptosis in trophoblasts. Further, MET alleviates the NLRP3 inflammasome-induced pyroptosis, which partly relies on the regulation of TLR4/NF-κB/PFKFB3-dependent glycometabolism reprogramming and redox disorders. Hence, our results provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and propose MET as a potential therapy.
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17
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SFRP2 Improves Mitochondrial Dynamics and Mitochondrial Biogenesis, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9265016. [PMID: 34790288 PMCID: PMC8592716 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9265016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background The mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial biogenesis are essential for maintaining the bioenergy function of mitochondria in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Previous studies have revealed that secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (SFRP2) is beneficial against apoptosis and oxidative stress. However, no research has confirmed whether SFRP2 regulates oxidative stress and apoptosis through mitochondrial function in DCM. Methods Exposure of H9C2 cardiomyocytes in high glucose (HG) 25 mM and palmitic acid (PAL) 0.2 mM was used to simulate DCM in vitro. H9C2 cells with SFRP2 overexpression or SFRP2 knockdown were constructed and cultured under glucolipotoxicity or normal glucose conditions. An SD rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was generated using a high-fat diet combined with a low-dose STZ injection. Overexpression of SFRP2 in the rat model was generated by using an adeno-associated virus approach. CCK-8, TUNEL assay, and DHE staining were used to detect cell viability, and MitoTracker Red CMXRos was used to detect changes in mitochondrial membrane potential. We used qRT-PCR and western blot to further explore the mechanisms of SFRP2 regulating mitochondrial dynamics through the AMPK/PGC1-α pathway to improve diabetic cardiomyocyte injury. Results Our results indicated that SFRP2 was significantly downregulated in H9C2 cells and cardiac tissues in T2DM conditions, accompanied by decreased expression of mitochondrial dysfunction. The mitochondrial membrane potential was reduced, and the cells were led to oxidative stress injury and apoptosis. Furthermore, the overexpression of SFRP2 could reverse apoptosis and promote mitochondrial function in T2DM conditions in vitro and in vivo. We also found that silencing endogenous SFRP2 could further promote glucolipotoxicity-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes, accompanied by downregulation of p-AMPK. Conclusion SFRP2 exerted cardioprotective effects by salvaging mitochondrial function in an AMPK-PGC1-α-dependent manner, which modulates mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial biogenesis, reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis. SFRP2 may be a promising therapeutic biomarker in DCM.
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Wang Q, Huang Y, Jia M, Lu D, Zhang HW, Huang D, Liu SH, Lv C. Safflower Polysaccharide Inhibits AOM/DSS-Induced Mice Colorectal Cancer Through the Regulation of Macrophage Polarization. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:761641. [PMID: 34744741 PMCID: PMC8569377 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.761641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Safflower polysaccharide (SPS) is one of the active fractions extracted from safflower petals (Carthamus tinctorius L.) which has been reported to possess antitumor and immune control roles. However, its antitumor mechanisms by regulating the immune pathway remain barely understood. In this study, a mouse model was established by azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to evaluate the antitumor effect of SPS on colorectal cancer (CRC). The results showed that 50 mg/kg SPS-1, an active fraction isolated from SPS, could significantly inhibit CRC induced by AOM/DSS and changed the polarization of macrophages to the M1 phenotype. Meanwhile, SPS-1 treatment significantly alleviated the characteristic AOM/DSS-induced pathological symptoms, in terms of decreasing the nucleoplasmic ratio, nuclear polarity extinction, and gland hyperplasia. However, the results in vitro showed that SPS-1 did not directly inhibit the growth of CRC cells but could upregulate the NF-κB signal and trigger M1 macrophage transformation. Thus, the condition medium (CM) of Mφ pretreated with SPS-1 was used against CRC cells. As expected, SPS-1–activated Raw 264.7 markedly exhibited antitumor effects by inhibiting cell proliferation and suppressing cell colony formation. In addition, SPS-1–activated Raw 264.7 could also induce CRC cell apoptosis by upregulating the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO). Further results suggested that SPS-1–induced transition of the macrophage phenotype could be suppressed by an NF-κB inhibitor, PDTC. Moreover, SPS-1–activated Raw 264.7 inhibiting CRC cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis were also rescued by PDTC. Taken together, all results suggested that SPS-1 could be a therapeutic option for the prevention and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Jia
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dong Lu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Wei Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - San-Hong Liu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Lv
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Jiang Y, Rodgers B, Damiris K, Choi C, Ahlawat S. The effects of diabetes mellitus on clinical outcomes of hospitalized patients with acute diverticulitis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 33:1354-1360. [PMID: 32796358 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000001895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acute diverticulitis is a common gastrointestinal illness due to diverticular inflammation and focal necrosis. Diabetes mellitus has been reported to influence the outcomes of patients with diverticular disease. Our study aimed to examine the inpatient outcomes and complications of patients with acute diverticulitis and coexisting diabetes mellitus. METHODS The Nationwide Inpatient Sample was used to identify adult patients in 2014 admitted for acute diverticulitis. Primary outcomes were mortality, length of stay (LOS), and total hospitalization charges. Secondary outcomes were complications of acute diverticulitis and interventions. RESULTS In total, 44 330 of patients with acute diverticulitis and diabetes mellitus were included in the analysis. Acute diverticulitis patients with diabetes mellitus had a higher rate of diverticular bleeding (P < 0.0001), but lower rates of abscess (P < 0.0001), obstruction (P < 0.0001) and colectomy (P < 0.0001) when compared to acute diverticulitis patients without diabetes mellitus. Complicated diabetes mellitus was associated with a longer LOS (P = 0.00003) and greater total hospitalization charges (P = 0.0021) compared to uncomplicated diabetes mellitus when coexisting with acute diverticulitis. CONCLUSIONS Acute diverticulitis with diabetes mellitus is associated with a higher rate of diverticular bleeding, lower rates of abscess, obstruction, and colectomy compared to acute diverticulitis without diabetes mellitus. When coexisting with acute diverticulitis, complicated diabetes mellitus is not associated with higher rates of mortality or diverticulitis-related complications compared to uncomplicated diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sushil Ahlawat
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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20
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Effect of metformin use on the risk and prognosis of colorectal cancer in diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. Anticancer Drugs 2021; 33:191-199. [PMID: 34620743 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether metformin is a protective factor of colorectal cancer (CRC) among CRC patients is still not entirely clear. Thus, we conducted this systemic review and meta-analysis to provide a comprehensive review of associations between metformin therapy and CRC risk or survival outcomes for clinical decisions. METHODS Articles published before July 2021 were searched in databases (PubMed and Web of Science). Odds ratio (OR)/risk ratio (RR) or hazard ratio (HR) and their confidence intervals (CIs) were computed using STATA 12.0 software. Q test and I2 were conducted to explore heterogeneities between studies. RESULTS The present meta-analysis showed that metformin use was associated with decreased risk and lower all-cause mortality of CRC in diabetes mellitus (DM) with random-effects models (risk: OR/RR = 0.71, 95% CI, 0.64-0.80, I2 = 89.3%, P < 0.001; all-cause mortality: HR = 0.72, 95% CI, 0.62-0.83, I2 = 60.1%, P = 0.014). In addition, the study showed that metformin use was associated with a lower CRC-specific mortality in DM in cohort studies with a fixed-effects model (HR = 0.80, 95% CI, 0.70-0.92, I2 = 34.7%, P = 0.190). CONCLUSION Overall, in this meta-analysis, we found that metformin may be a protective factor for CRC risk and prognosis in patients with DM. Further well-designed, large-scale clinical studies are needed to evaluate the accuracy of our findings and more preclinical experiments are needed to reveal the underlying mechanism of metformin.
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21
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Shoshan-Barmatz V, Anand U, Nahon-Crystal E, Di Carlo M, Shteinfer-Kuzmine A. Adverse Effects of Metformin From Diabetes to COVID-19, Cancer, Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Aging: Is VDAC1 a Common Target? Front Physiol 2021; 12:730048. [PMID: 34671273 PMCID: PMC8521008 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.730048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin has been used for treating diabetes mellitus since the late 1950s. In addition to its antihyperglycemic activity, it was shown to be a potential drug candidate for treating a range of other diseases that include various cancers, cardiovascular diseases, diabetic kidney disease, neurodegenerative diseases, renal diseases, obesity, inflammation, COVID-19 in diabetic patients, and aging. In this review, we focus on the important aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction in energy metabolism and cell death with their gatekeeper VDAC1 (voltage-dependent anion channel 1) as a possible metformin target, and summarize metformin's effects in several diseases and gut microbiota. We question how the same drug can act on diseases with opposite characteristics, such as increasing apoptotic cell death in cancer, while inhibiting it in neurodegenerative diseases. Interestingly, metformin's adverse effects in many diseases all show VDAC1 involvement, suggesting that it is a common factor in metformin-affecting diseases. The findings that metformin has an opposite effect on various diseases are consistent with the fact that VDAC1 controls cell life and death, supporting the idea that it is a target for metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Uttpal Anand
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | | | - Marta Di Carlo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Shteinfer-Kuzmine
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
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22
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Chen Y, Cheng X, Sun C, Kim NH, Kailas S, Qureshi F, Karadsheh Z, Wu Y, Hu L, Zhou Z, Bhan C, Kim KY, Manem R, Cheng C, Zhou Q. Is metformin use associated with a reduced risk of oesophageal cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Postgrad Med J 2021; 98:866-870. [PMID: 37063031 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2021-140432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies on the association between metformin use and the risk of oesophageal cancer (OC) have generated controversial findings. This updated meta-analysis was conducted to reassess the effects of metformin on OC. METHODS A comprehensive search strategy was conducted to select relevant studies from origination to February 2021. Heterogeneity was evaluated through the Q test and I2 statistics. HRs and 95% CIs were pooled through either random-effect or fixed-effect models. Meta-regression, subgroup analyses, sensitivity analysis and publication bias diagnosis were also performed. RESULTS Seven studies with 5 426 343 subjects were included. Metformin use was associated with reduced risk of OC (HR=0.69, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.87, p<0.001). Sensitivity analysis suggested that the results were relatively stable. CONCLUSION Metformin is associated with a reduced risk of OC. More well-designed studies are still needed to further elaborate on these associations. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021237127.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of the First Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xingyu Cheng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of the First Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chenyu Sun
- AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Na Hyun Kim
- AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sujatha Kailas
- AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Faisal Qureshi
- AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Zeid Karadsheh
- AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yile Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Center for Evidence-Based Practice, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of the First Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Chandur Bhan
- AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Keun Young Kim
- AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Raveena Manem
- AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ce Cheng
- The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Banner-University Medical Center South, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Qin Zhou
- Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Silva C, Rodrigues I, Andrade S, Costa R, Soares R. Metformin Reduces Vascular Assembly in High Glucose-Treated Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells in An AMPK-Independent Manner. CELL JOURNAL 2021; 23:174-183. [PMID: 34096218 PMCID: PMC8181317 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2021.7212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim is to examine the effect of metformin in human microvascular endothelial cells exposed to high
glucose (HG) concentration and compare them with the effects of other 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein
kinase (AMPK) modulators under the same condition.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, human microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs) were treated
with 15 mM metformin, 1 mM 5-aminoimidazol-4-carboxamideribonucleotide (AICAR) and 10 mM compound C in the
presence of 20 mM glucose (hyperglycemic condition). Migration, invasion and proliferation were evaluated as well as
the capillary-like structures formation. Moreover, the expression of angiogenic genes was assessed.
Results Metformin significantly inhibited vessel formation and migration, although it did not change HMECs proliferation
and invasion. In addition, metformin significantly reduced collagen formation as evidenced by histological staining.
Concomitantly, expression of several genes implicated in angiogenesis and fibrosis, namely TGFß2, VEGFR2, ALK1,
JAG1, TIMP2, SMAD5, SMAD6 and SMAD7, was slightly upregulated. Immunostaining for proteins involved in ALK5
receptor signaling, the alternative TGFß signaling pathway, revealed significant differences in SMAD2/3 expression.
Conclusion Our data showed that metformin prevents vessel assembly in HMECs, probably through an AMPK-
independent mechanism. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which this pharmacological agent affects
endothelial dysfunction is of paramount importance and paves the way to its particular use in preventing development
of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy, two processes where angiogenesis is exacerbated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Silva
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.,i3S, Institute of Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ilda Rodrigues
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Andrade
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.,i3S, Institute of Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,IPATIMUP, Institute of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Costa
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.,i3S, Institute of Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Soares
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal. .,i3S, Institute of Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Yang Y, Long X, Li K, Li G, Yu X, Wen P, Luo J, Tian X, Zhao J. Development and validation of an oxidative stress-associated prognostic risk model for melanoma. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11258. [PMID: 33976978 PMCID: PMC8063880 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress (OS) is key to various diseases and is implicated in cancer progression and oncogenesis. However, the potential diagnostic value of OS-related genes in skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) remains unclear. Methods We used data of RNA sequencing from 471 tumor tissues and one healthy tissue acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-SKCM cohort. The Genome Tissue Expression database was used to acquire transcriptome data from 812 healthy samples. OS-related genes that were differentially expressed between SKCM and healthy samples were investigated and 16 prognosis-associated OS genes were identified. The prognostic risk model was built using univariate and Cox multivariate regressions. The prognostic value of the hub genes was validated in the GSE65904 cohort, which included 214 SKCM patients. Results The overall survival rate of SKCM patients in the high-risk group was decreased compared to the low-risk group. In both TCGA and GSE65904 cohorts, the ROC curves suggested that our prognostic risk model was more accurate than other clinicopathological characteristics to diagnose SKCM. Moreover, risk score and nomograms associated with the expression of hub genes were developed. These presented reiterated our prognostic risk model. Altogether, this study provides novel insights with regards to the pathogenesis of SKCM. The 16 hub genes identified may help in SKCM prognosis and individualized clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xuan Long
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kun Li
- The Second People's Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, China
| | - Guiyun Li
- The Second People's Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaohong Yu
- The Second People's Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, China
| | - Ping Wen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | | | - Jinmin Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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El-Mahdy NA, El-Sayad MES, El-Kadem AH, Abu-Risha SES. Metformin alleviates inflammation in oxazolone induced ulcerative colitis in rats: plausible role of sphingosine kinase 1/sphingosine 1 phosphate signaling pathway. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2021; 43:192-202. [PMID: 33504231 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2021.1878214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that is associated with high sphingosine kinase 1(SPHK1) expression in the colon, however its role in pathogenesis of UC is not clearly understood so, the aim of the present study was to clarify the role of SPHK1 and investigate whether the anti-inflammatory effects of metformin in UC is mediated by Sphingosine kinase 1/sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P) signaling pathway. MATERIAL AND METHODS Colitis was induced in adult male wistar rats by intra rectal administration of oxazolone in the fifth and seventh days from initial presensitization. Oxazolone treated rats were divided into untreated oxazolone group, metformin and mesalazine treated groups both in a dose of 100 mg/kg/day orally for 21 days. Along with these groups normal control and saline groups were used .Colitis was assessed by colon length, disease activity index (DAI) and histological examination of colontissue. Plasma samples were used to measure S1P.SPHK1 activity, signal transducer and activator of transcription -3(STAT-3), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nitric oxide (NO), myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), reduced glutathione (GSH) and tissue expression of intracellular cell adhesion molecule -1(ICAM-1) and caspase-3 genes were measured in tissue. RESULTS Metformin successfully attenuated oxazolone colitis by increasing colon length, decreasing DAI and improved colon histologic picture. Metformin also induced a significant decrease in Plasma SIP, SPHK1 activity, inflammatory, oxidative stress markers, ICAM-1 and Caspase-3 genes expression compared to oxazolone group. CONCLUSION It is revealed that metformin alleviated inflammation and underlying mechanism may result from inhibition of SPHK1/S1P signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nageh Ahmed El-Mahdy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Magda El-Sayed El-Sayad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Aya Hassan El-Kadem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Jiang S, Lu Q. A new contribution for an old drug: Prospect of metformin in colorectal oncotherapy. J Cancer Res Ther 2021; 17:1608-1617. [DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1824_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Huang QY, Yao F, Zhou CR, Huang XY, Wang Q, Long H, Wu QM. Role of gut microbiome in regulating the effectiveness of metformin in reducing colorectal cancer in type 2 diabetes. World J Clin Cases 2020; 8:6213-6228. [PMID: 33392303 PMCID: PMC7760447 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i24.6213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of colorectal cancer (CRC) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing globally. It is rarely noticed that the incidence of CRC is higher in patients with T2DM. What needs to be mentioned is that metformin, a commonly used clinical drug for T2DM, attracts scholars’ attention because of its benefits in lowering the risk of developing CRC. Hence, we try to find the common grounds of initiation of T2DM and CRC and the reason why metformin reduces the risk of CRC in patients with T2DM. We noticed consistent changes of gut microbiota, such as elevated Bacteroides, Prevotella and Bifidobacterium and depressed Firmicutes and Lactobacillus. Furthermore, many studies in recent years have proved that the efficacy of metformin, such as improving blood glucose, depends on the gut microbiota. Coincidentally, the progression of CRC is inseparable from the contributions of gut microbiota. Therefore, we first proposed the concept of the metformin-gut microbiota–CRC (in T2DM) axis to explain the effect of metformin in reducing CRC in patients with T2DM. In this review, we elaborated the new concept and its potential clinical application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-You Huang
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fei Yao
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chuan-Ren Zhou
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Huang
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hui Long
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianyou Affiliated Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430064, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qing-Ming Wu
- Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei Province, China
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Chen X, Chen H, Zhang Z, Fu Y, Han X, Zhang Y, Xu J, Ding H, Cui H, Dong T, Shang H, Jiang Y. Elevated CD54 Expression Renders CD4+ T Cells Susceptible to Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Killing. J Infect Dis 2020; 220:1892-1903. [PMID: 31433832 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural killer (NK) cells are an important type of effector cell in the innate immune response, and also have a role in regulation of the adaptive immune response. Several studies have indicated that NK cells may influence CD4+ T cells during HIV infection. METHODS In total, 51 HIV-infected individuals and 15 healthy controls participated in this study. We performed the flow cytometry assays and real-time PCR for the phenotypic analysis and the functional assays of NK cell-mediated deletion of CD4+ T cells, phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB/p65) and the intervention of metformin. RESULTS Here we detected high CD54 expression on CD4+ T cells in HIV-infected individuals, and demonstrate that upregulated CD54 is associated with disease progression in individuals infected with HIV. We also show that CD54 expression leads to the deletion of CD4+ T cells by NK cells in vitro, and that this is modulated by NF-κB/p65 signaling. Further, we demonstrate that metformin can suppress CD54 expression on CD4+ T cells by inhibiting NF-κB/p65 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that further studies to evaluate the potential role of metformin as adjunctive therapy to reconstitute immune function in HIV-infected individuals are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huihui Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine.,Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zining Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yajing Fu
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxu Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haibo Ding
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hualu Cui
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Dong
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford University, United Kingdom
| | - Hong Shang
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), Department of Laboratory Medicine.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang.,Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenyang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
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Abstract
The gastrointestinal microbiome plays a pivotal role in physiological homeostasis of the intestine as well as in the pathophysiology of diseases including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota signal to the mitochondria of mucosal cells, including epithelial cells and immune cells. Gut microbiota signaling to mitochondria has been shown to alter mitochondrial metabolism, activate immune cells, induce inflammasome signaling, and alter epithelial barrier function. Both dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and mitochondrial dysfunction are associated with chronic intestinal inflammation and CRC. This review discusses mitochondrial metabolism of gut mucosal cells, mitochondrial dysfunction, and known gut microbiota-mediated mitochondrial alterations during IBD and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakota N. Jackson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Arianne L. Theiss
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,CONTACT Arianne L. Theiss Division of Gastroenterology, Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, 250 Hoblitzelle, 3500 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX75246, USA
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Perturbed Mitochondrial Dynamics Is a Novel Feature of Colitis That Can Be Targeted to Lessen Disease. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 10:287-307. [PMID: 32298841 PMCID: PMC7327843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Mitochondria exist in a constantly remodelling network, and excessive fragmentation can be pathophysiological. Mitochondrial dysfunction can accompany enteric inflammation, but any contribution of altered mitochondrial dynamics (ie, fission/fusion) to gut inflammation is unknown. We hypothesized that perturbed mitochondrial dynamics would contribute to colitis. METHODS Quantitative polymerase chain reaction for markers of mitochondrial fission and fusion was applied to tissue from dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-treated mice. An inhibitor of mitochondrial fission, P110 (prevents dynamin related protein [Drp]-1 binding to mitochondrial fission 1 protein [Fis1]) was tested in the DSS and di-nitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS) models of murine colitis, and the impact of DSS ± P110 on intestinal epithelial and macrophage mitochondria was assessed in vitro. RESULTS Analysis of colonic tissue from mice with DSS-colitis revealed increased mRNA for molecules associated with mitochondrial fission (ie, Drp1, Fis1) and fusion (optic atrophy factor 1) and increased phospho-Drp1 compared with control. Systemic delivery of P110 in prophylactic or treatment regimens reduced the severity of DSS- or DNBS-colitis and the subsequent hyperalgesia in DNBS-mice. Application of DSS to epithelial cells or macrophages caused mitochondrial fragmentation. DSS-evoked perturbation of epithelial cell energetics and mitochondrial fragmentation, but not cell death, were ameliorated by in vitro co-treatment with P110. CONCLUSIONS We speculate that the anti-colitic effect of systemic delivery of the anti-fission drug, P110, works at least partially by maintaining enterocyte and macrophage mitochondrial networks. Perturbed mitochondrial dynamics can be a feature of intestinal inflammation, the suppression of which is a potential novel therapeutic direction in inflammatory bowel disease.
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Oral Administration of Microencapsulated B. Longum BAA-999 and Lycopene Modulates IGF-1/IGF-1R/IGFBP3 Protein Expressions in a Colorectal Murine Model. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174275. [PMID: 31480481 PMCID: PMC6747182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Insulin-like growth factor-I/Insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-1/IGF-1R) system is a major determinant in colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis. Probiotics (Bifidobacterium longum, BF) and lycopene (LYC) have been individually researched for their beneficial effects in the prevention of CRC. However, the effect of a combined treatment of microencapsulated BF and LYC on IGF-1/IGF-1R/IGFBPs (Insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins) expression in an azoxymethane (AOM)-dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced CRC model have not been demonstrated. BF was microencapsulated by the spray drying technique, with high viability, and daily gavaged with LYC for 16 weeks to CD-1 mice in an AOM-DSS model. The results indicated that BF- and BF + LYC-treated groups had significantly lower inflammation grade, tumor incidence (13–38%) and adenocarcinoma (13–14%) incidence compared to the AOM + DSS group (80%), whereas LYC treatment only protected against inflammation grade and incidence. Caecal, colonic and fecal pH and β-glucuronidase (β-GA) values were significantly normalized by BF and LYC. Similarly, BF and BF + LYC treatments significantly reduced both the positive rate and expression grade of IGF-1 and IGF-1R proteins and normalized Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP3) expression. Based on intestinal parameters related to the specific colon carcinogenesis in an AOM-DSS-induced model, LYC and microencapsulated BF supplementation resulted in a significant chemopreventive potential through the modulation of IGF-1/IGF-1R system.
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