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Domas E, Starks K, Kanneganti S. Current Management of Diverticulitis. Surg Clin North Am 2024; 104:529-543. [PMID: 38677818 DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Diverticulosis and diverticulitis remain common diagnoses in western countries, and the incidence continues to rise. Diverticulitis accounts for roughly one-third of admissions to acute care hospitals annually, with even more patients being treated as outpatients due to improved understanding of risk stratification and the natural history of disease progression. Thus, having a thorough understanding of the etiology of the disease in conjunction with computed tomography findings and patient presentation can help dictate the appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Domas
- Virginia Mason Franciscan Health, St. Joseph Medical Center General Surgery Residency, 1708 South Yakima Avenue, Suite 115, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA
| | - Kiefer Starks
- Virginia Mason Franciscan Health, St. Joseph Medical Center General Surgery Residency, 1708 South Yakima Avenue, Suite 115, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA
| | - Shalini Kanneganti
- Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Virginia Mason Franciscan Health, Franciscan Surgical Associates at St. Joseph, 1708 South Yakima Avenue, Suite 105 & 112, Tacoma, WA 98405, USA.
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2
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Buldukoglu OC, Ocal S, Cekin AH. Strict diagnostic criteria can lead to underestimation of risk of acute diverticulitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 2024; 59:631. [PMID: 38328908 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2024.2314144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Osman Cagin Buldukoglu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Serkan Ocal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Hilmi Cekin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Antalya, Turkey
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3
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Schaeffer HD, Smelser DT, Rao HS, Haley JS, Long KC, Slipak SH, Carey DJ, Hoffman RL. Development of a Polygenic Risk Score to Predict Diverticulitis. Dis Colon Rectum 2024; 67:254-263. [PMID: 37844217 DOI: 10.1097/dcr.0000000000002943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite its prevalence and associated morbidity, we remain limited in our ability to predict the course of a patient with diverticular disease. Although several clinical and genetic risk factors have been identified, we do not know how these factors relate to one another. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to determine whether a polygenic risk score could improve risk prediction for diverticulitis and recurrent diverticulitis compared with a model using only clinical factors. DESIGN This is an observational study. SETTING The study examines the predictive ability of a polygenic risk score for diverticulitis developed using prior genome-wide association studies and validated using the MyCode biobank. PATIENTS This study included patients of European ancestry in the Geisinger Health System who were enrolled in the MyCode Community Health biobanking program. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The ability of a polygenic risk score to predict diverticulosis, diverticulitis, and recurrent diverticulitis was the main outcome measure of this study. RESULTS A total of 60,861 patients were included, of whom 9912 (16.3%) had diverticulosis or diverticulitis (5015 with diverticulosis and 4897 with diverticulitis). When divided into deciles, our polygenic risk score stratified patients by risk of both diverticulosis and diverticulitis with a 2-fold difference in disease risk between the highest and lowest deciles for diverticulitis and a 4.8-fold difference for recurrent complicated diverticulitis. When compared with clinical factors alone, our polygenic risk score was able to improve risk prediction of recurrent diverticulitis. LIMITATIONS Our population is largely located in a single geographic region and were classified by disease status, using international classification of diseases codes. CONCLUSIONS This predictive model stratifies patients based on genetic risk for diverticular disease. The increased frequency of recurrent disease in our high-risk patients suggests that a polygenic risk score, in addition to other factors, may help guide the discussion regarding surgical intervention. See Video Abstract . DESARROLLO DE UNA PUNTUACIN DE RIESGO POLIGNICO PARA PREDECIR LA DIVERTICULITIS ANTECEDENTES:A pesar de su prevalencia y morbilidad asociada, nuestra capacidad para predecir el curso en un paciente con enfermedad diverticular sigue siendo limitada. Si bien se han identificado varios factores de riesgo clínicos y genéticos, no sabemos cómo se relacionan estos factores entre sí.OBJETIVO:Determinar si una puntuación de riesgo poligénico podría mejorar la predicción del riesgo de diverticulitis y diverticulitis recurrente en comparación con un modelo que utiliza solo factores clínicos.DISEÑO:Un estudio observacional que examina la capacidad predictiva de una puntuación de riesgo poligénico para la diverticulitis desarrollada usando estudios previos de asociación amplia del genoma y validada usando el biobanco MyCode.ÁMBITOS Y PACIENTES:Pacientes de ascendencia europea en el Sistema de Salud Geisinger que estaban inscritos en el programa de biobancos MyCode Community Health.PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE VALORACIÓN:La capacidad de una puntuación de riesgo poligénico para predecir diverticulosis, diverticulitis y diverticulitis recurrente.RESULTADOS:Se incluyeron un total de 60.861 pacientes, de los cuales 9.912 (16,3%) presentaban diverticulosis o diverticulitis (5.015 con diverticulosis y 4.897 con diverticulitis). Cuando se dividió en deciles, nuestra puntuación de riesgo poligénico estratificó a los pacientes según el riesgo de diverticulosis y diverticulitis con una diferencia de 2 veces en el riesgo de enfermedad entre los deciles más alto y más bajo para diverticulitis y una diferencia de 4,8 veces para diverticulitis complicada recurrente. En comparación con los factores clínicos solos, nuestra puntuación de riesgo poligénico pudo mejorar la predicción del riesgo de diverticulitis recurrente.LIMITACIONES:Nuestra población se encuentra en gran parte en una sola región geográfica y se clasificó por estado de enfermedad utilizando códigos de clasificación internacional de enfermedades.CONCLUSIONES:Este modelo predictivo estratifica a los pacientes en función del riesgo genético de enfermedad diverticular. La mayor frecuencia de enfermedad recurrente en nuestros pacientes de alto riesgo sugiere que un puntaje de riesgo poligénico, además de otros factores, puede ayudar a guiar la discusión sobre la intervención quirúrgica. (Traducción- Dr. Ingrid Melo ).
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Affiliation(s)
- H David Schaeffer
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Geisinger Medical Center, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Diane T Smelser
- Department of Genomic Health, Geisinger Medical Center, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - H Shanker Rao
- Department of Genomic Health, Geisinger Medical Center, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeremy S Haley
- Department of Genomic Health, Geisinger Medical Center, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Kevin C Long
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Geisinger Medical Center, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Sasha H Slipak
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Geisinger Medical Center, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - David J Carey
- Department of Genomic Health, Geisinger Medical Center, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Rebecca L Hoffman
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Geisinger Medical Center, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Danville, Pennsylvania
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Yan L, Zhou B, Wu P, Tian Y, Lou Y. Meckel's diverticulum mimicking acute appendicitis in children: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Surg 2024; 24:40. [PMID: 38291433 PMCID: PMC10829168 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-024-02323-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of this study were to summarize the clinical presentation and histological results of 20 cases of complicated Meckel diverticulum (MD) who were presumed to have acute appendicitis before surgery, as well as to improve the diagnosis and treatment of complicated MD in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the records of 20 complicated MD admitted to our institution who were preoperatively diagnosed with acute appendicitis from January 2012 to January 2019. Patients were divided into the perforated MD group and the Meckel's diverticulitis group. Patient demographics, clinical manifestations, laboratory data, auxiliary examinations, surgical methods, and the result of heterotopic tissue were recorded. RESULTS A total of 20 cases of complicated MD (perforated or diverticulitis) were identified. Children were aged from 3 to 13 years, with a mean age of 7.75 years (median 7.75; range, 1-13 years). Perforated Meckel's diverticulum occurred in 5 of 20 (25%) cases. For perforated MD versus diverticulitis, no significant differences were found between age, time to intervention, length of hospital stay, and distance from the ileo-cecal valve. Heterotopic tissue was confirmed on histopathology in 75% of all patients, including 10 cases of gastric mucosa, 3 cases of coexistent gastric mucosa and pancreatic tissue, and 2 cases of pancreatic tissue. All patients underwent diverticulectomy or partial ileal resection under laparoscopy or laparotomy; two cases combined with appendectomy owing to slight inflammation of the appendix. CONCLUSIONS The most common presentation of symptomatic MD is painless rectal bleeding; however, it can present symptoms of acute abdomen mimicking acute appendicitis. The key point of diverticulectomy is to remove the ectopic mucosa completely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bi Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Suzhou, Anhui, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Northwest Women and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - You Tian
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Lou
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China.
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Patel M, Haider I, Cheung A. Primary Epiploic Appendagitis: A Mimicker of Abdominal Pain. Clin Med Res 2023; 21:159-162. [PMID: 37985168 PMCID: PMC10659129 DOI: 10.3121/cmr.2023.1837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Epiploic appendagitis is a rare cause of acute lower abdominal pain. Epiploic appendices are fat-filled serosal outpouchings of the cecum and sigmoid colon. Primary epiploic appendagitis (PEA) is characterized by epiploic inflammation caused by torsion of the appendage leading to ischemia or thrombosis of the appendage draining vein. Secondary epiploic appendagitis occurs in association with other inflammatory conditions of the abdomen or pelvis, most commonly diverticulitis. PEA is an important clinical mimicker of more severe causes of acute abdominal pain, such as diverticulitis, appendicitis, or gynaecological causes. The ease of access to computed tomography (CT), the diagnostic test of choice, has resulted in increased recognition of PEA. The classic CT findings of PEA are an ovoid mass measuring between 1.5 and 3.5 cm surrounded by a hyperattenuating/hyperdense ring with a centrally located hyperdense area. It is important to diagnose PEA as it is self-limiting and the correct diagnosis can prevent unnecessary hospital admission, antibiotic use, or even surgical intervention. We present a case of a 65-year-old male with a history of diverticulitis, presenting with left lower quadrant abdominal pain who was diagnosed with PEA based on CT and successfully managed with conservative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Patel
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Imran Haider
- Medical Student, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew Cheung
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Libman H, Nee JW, Lembo AJ, Burns RB. How Would You Manage This Patient With Recurrent Diverticulitis? : Grand Rounds Discussion From Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. Ann Intern Med 2023; 176:836-843. [PMID: 37307586 DOI: 10.7326/m23-0669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute diverticulitis, which refers to inflammation or infection, or both, of a colonic diverticulum, is a common medical condition that may occur repeatedly in some persons. It most often manifests with left-sided abdominal pain, which may be associated with low-grade fever and other gastrointestinal symptoms. Complications may include abscess, fistula formation, perforation, and bowel obstruction. The American College of Physicians recently published practice guidelines on the diagnosis and management of acute diverticulitis, the role of colonoscopy after resolution, and interventions to prevent recurrence of this condition. Among the recommendations were the use of abdominal computed tomography (CT) scanning in cases where there was diagnostic uncertainty, initial management of uncomplicated cases in the outpatient setting without antibiotics, referral for colonoscopy after an initial episode if not performed recently, and discussion of elective surgery to prevent recurrent disease in patients with complicated diverticulitis or frequent episodes of uncomplicated disease. Here, 2 gastroenterologists with expertise in acute diverticulitis debate CT scanning for diagnosis, antibiotics for treatment, colonoscopy to screen for underlying malignancy, and elective surgery to prevent recurrent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Libman
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (H.L., J.W.N., R.B.B.)
| | - Judy W Nee
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (H.L., J.W.N., R.B.B.)
| | - Anthony J Lembo
- Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH (A.J.L.)
| | - Risa B Burns
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (H.L., J.W.N., R.B.B.)
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7
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Yew KS, George MK, Allred HB. Acute Abdominal Pain in Adults: Evaluation and Diagnosis. Am Fam Physician 2023; 107:585-596. [PMID: 37327158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Acute abdominal pain, defined as nontraumatic abdominal pain lasting fewer than seven days, is a common presenting concern with a broad differential diagnosis. The most common causes are gastroenteritis and nonspecific abdominal pain, followed by cholelithiasis, urolithiasis, diverticulitis, and appendicitis. Extra-abdominal causes such as respiratory infections and abdominal wall pain should be considered. Pain location, history, and examination findings help guide the workup after ensuring hemodynamic stability. Recommended tests may include a complete blood count, C-reactive protein, hepatobiliary markers, electrolytes, creatinine, glucose, urinalysis, lipase, and pregnancy testing. Several diagnoses, such as cholecystitis, appendicitis, and mesenteric ischemia, cannot be confirmed clinically and typically require imaging. Conditions such as urolithiasis and diverticulitis may be diagnosed clinically in certain cases. Imaging studies are chosen based on the location of pain and index of suspicion for specific etiologies. Computed tomography with intravenous contrast media is often chosen for generalized abdominal pain, left upper quadrant pain, and lower abdominal pain. Ultrasonography is the study of choice for right upper quadrant pain. Point-of-care ultrasonography can aid in the prompt diagnosis of several etiologies of acute abdominal pain, including cholelithiasis, urolithiasis, and appendicitis. In patients who have female reproductive organs, diagnoses such as ectopic pregnancy, pelvic inflammatory disease, and adnexal torsion should be considered. If ultrasonography results are inconclusive in pregnant patients, magnetic resonance imaging is preferred over computed tomography when available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken S Yew
- Gundersen Medical Foundation Family Medicine Residency, La Crosse, Wisconsin
| | | | - Heidi B Allred
- Gundersen Medical Foundation Family Medicine Residency, La Crosse, Wisconsin
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Válek V, Svoboda M, Bartušek D, Procházka V, Mechl M, Šprláková-Puková A. Case report Ileal diverticulitis with covered perforation complicated by pulmonary embolism - case report. Rozhl Chir 2023; 102:32-36. [PMID: 36809893 DOI: 10.33699/pis.2023.102.1.32-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Diverticulitis of the ileum is an inflammatory complication of diverticulosis. It is an uncommon cause of acute abdomen that can have a very serious course, leading, for example, to intestinal perforation or bleeding. Imaging findings are very often negative and the true cause of the condition is only revealed peroperatively. In this case report, we present a case of perforated ileal diverticulitis in a patient with bilateral pulmonary embolism. This was the main reason for conservative management in the first period of time. After resolution of the pulmonary embolism, resection of the affected bowel segment was performed at the time of the next attack.
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Ramos-Cruz I, Sanjuan-Sánchez C, Castillo S, Leyva-Bohórquez P, Cruz-Lucas CF. Acute purulent diverticulitis in the cecum: case report. CIR CIR 2023; 91:716-718. [PMID: 37844895 DOI: 10.24875/ciru.21000794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
A 40-year-old female with a 24-hour course of abdominal pain suggestive of acute appendicitis. An emergency laparotomy was performed, finding plastron in the cecum and ascending colon, color changes, with purulent liquid and 5 cm in diameter, fixed to Toldt's. It was decided to perform a right hemicolectomy with an ileotransverse end-to-side anastomosis with adequate postsurgical evolution. The histopathological report showed acute purulent diverticulitis of the cecum, which is very low incidence in the Mexican population, that's why this case report is carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Ramos-Cruz
- Servicio de Coloproctología, Clínica Imagen y Diagnóstico Médico, Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca, México
| | - Carlos Sanjuan-Sánchez
- Servicio de Coloproctología, Clínica Imagen y Diagnóstico Médico, Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca, México
| | - Selene Castillo
- Servicio de Coloproctología, Clínica Imagen y Diagnóstico Médico, Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca, México
| | - Paulina Leyva-Bohórquez
- Servicio de Coloproctología, Clínica Imagen y Diagnóstico Médico, Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca, México
| | - Claudia F Cruz-Lucas
- Servicio de Coloproctología, Clínica Imagen y Diagnóstico Médico, Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca, México
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Zondervan N, Snelgrove R, Bradley N. Management of acute diverticulitis. CMAJ 2022; 194:E1171. [PMID: 36265064 PMCID: PMC9448423 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.220139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Zondervan
- Department of Surgery (Zondervan, Snelgrove, Bradley), Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta; Department of Surgery (Zondervan), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta; Department of Medicine (Bradley), Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC.
| | - Ryan Snelgrove
- Department of Surgery (Zondervan, Snelgrove, Bradley), Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta; Department of Surgery (Zondervan), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta; Department of Medicine (Bradley), Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Nori Bradley
- Department of Surgery (Zondervan, Snelgrove, Bradley), Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta; Department of Surgery (Zondervan), Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta; Department of Medicine (Bradley), Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
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Abstract
Colonic diverticulosis is one of the most common conditions of the digestive system and patients generally remain asymptomatic. However, about 20% of patients develop symptomatic diverticular disease such as acute diverticulitis or diverticular hemorrhage, and these have become a huge burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Recent understanding of the pathophysiology of diverticulosis and diverticular disease suggests the role of multiple factors including genetic and environment. Based on this understanding, a preventive strategy to reduce the risk factors of diverticulosis and diverticular disease is highly recommended. The diagnosis of the acute diverticulitis relies on imaging modalities such as an abdominal-pelvic CT scan together with symptoms and signs. Treatment of diverticular disease should be individualized and include modification of lifestyle, use of antibiotics, and surgery. Recent guidelines recommend pursuing less aggressive treatment for patients with acute diverticulitis. This review will provide an overview of both the existing and evolving understanding regarding colonic diverticulosis and diverticular disease and can help clinicians in the management of their patients with diverticular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Sun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Turner GA, O'Grady MJ, Purcell RV, Frizelle FA. Acute Diverticulitis in Young Patients: A Review of the Changing Epidemiology and Etiology. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:1156-1162. [PMID: 33786702 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-06956-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute diverticulitis is one of the leading gastrointestinal causes for hospitalization. The incidence of acute diverticulitis has been increasing in recent years, especially in patients under 50 years old. Historically, acute diverticulitis in younger patients was felt to represent a separate entity, being more virulent and associated with a higher rate of recurrence. Accordingly, young patients were often managed differently to older counterparts. Our understanding of the natural history of this condition has evolved, and current clinical practice guidelines suggest age should not alter management. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the changing epidemiology of acute diverticulitis, consider potential explanations for the observed increased incidence in younger patients, as well as review the natural history of acute diverticulitis in the younger population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg A Turner
- Department of Surgery, University of Otago, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.
- Department of Surgery, University of Otago, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.
| | - Michael J O'Grady
- Department of Surgery, University of Otago, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
- Department of Surgery, University of Otago, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Rachel V Purcell
- Department of Surgery, University of Otago, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
- Department of Surgery, University of Otago, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Frank A Frizelle
- Department of Surgery, University of Otago, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
- Department of Surgery, University of Otago, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
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13
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Moonen HPFX, Spaargaren GJ, Ponfoort ED. [A woman with right-sided abdominal pain]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2022; 166:D6328. [PMID: 35138716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A 59-year-old woman presented with right-sided abdominal pain. Ultrasound was suggestive of acute appendicitis. Laparoscopy showed inflammation of a solitary caecal diverticulum, a rare congenital malformation. Uncomplicated caecal diverticulitis can mimic appendicitis clinically and sonographically, but does not require surgical intervention. An additional CT-scan can clarify the diagnosis.
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14
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Khsiba A, Bradai S, Mahmoudi M, Mohamed AB, Bradai J, Bouzaidi K, Mona M, Hamzaoui L, Azouz MM. Jejunal diverticulitis as a rare cause of abdominal pain: a case report. Pan Afr Med J 2022; 41:222. [PMID: 35721632 PMCID: PMC9167478 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2022.41.222.29095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Jejunal diverticulitis is an uncommon and underdiagnosed condition. Due to the rarity of This disease, diagnosis is often difficult and delayed. Medical treatment is usually sufficient for jejunal diverticulitis without peritonitis. Surgery is required in case of generalized peritonitis or voluminous abscess complicating diverticulitis. We report the case of a 76-year-old woman who suffered from recent abdominal pain. Diagnosis of uncomplicated jejunal diverticulitis was based on computed tomography (CT) scan. The evolution was favorable after antibiotic treatment. Jejunal diverticulitis have to be evoked among the differential diagnosis of patients with abdominal pain especially in the elderly and it is important for clinicians and radiologists to have awareness about this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Khsiba
- Gastroenterology Department, Mohamed Tahar Maamouri Hospital, Nabeul, Tunisia
| | - Samir Bradai
- Gastroenterology Department, Mohamed Tahar Maamouri Hospital, Nabeul, Tunisia
- Corresponding author: Samir Bradai, Gastroenterology Department, Mohamed Tahar Maamouri Hospital, Nabeul, Tunisia.
| | - Moufida Mahmoudi
- Gastroenterology Department, Mohamed Tahar Maamouri Hospital, Nabeul, Tunisia
| | - Asma Ben Mohamed
- Gastroenterology Department, Mohamed Tahar Maamouri Hospital, Nabeul, Tunisia
| | - Jawhar Bradai
- Radiology Department, Mohamed Tahar Maamouri Hospital, Nabeul, Tunisia
| | - Khaled Bouzaidi
- Radiology Department, Mohamed Tahar Maamouri Hospital, Nabeul, Tunisia
| | - Medhioub Mona
- Gastroenterology Department, Mohamed Tahar Maamouri Hospital, Nabeul, Tunisia
| | - Lamine Hamzaoui
- Gastroenterology Department, Mohamed Tahar Maamouri Hospital, Nabeul, Tunisia
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Jiang Y, Rodgers B, Damiris K, Choi C, Ahlawat S. The effects of diabetes mellitus on clinical outcomes of hospitalized patients with acute diverticulitis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 33:1354-1360. [PMID: 32796358 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000001895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acute diverticulitis is a common gastrointestinal illness due to diverticular inflammation and focal necrosis. Diabetes mellitus has been reported to influence the outcomes of patients with diverticular disease. Our study aimed to examine the inpatient outcomes and complications of patients with acute diverticulitis and coexisting diabetes mellitus. METHODS The Nationwide Inpatient Sample was used to identify adult patients in 2014 admitted for acute diverticulitis. Primary outcomes were mortality, length of stay (LOS), and total hospitalization charges. Secondary outcomes were complications of acute diverticulitis and interventions. RESULTS In total, 44 330 of patients with acute diverticulitis and diabetes mellitus were included in the analysis. Acute diverticulitis patients with diabetes mellitus had a higher rate of diverticular bleeding (P < 0.0001), but lower rates of abscess (P < 0.0001), obstruction (P < 0.0001) and colectomy (P < 0.0001) when compared to acute diverticulitis patients without diabetes mellitus. Complicated diabetes mellitus was associated with a longer LOS (P = 0.00003) and greater total hospitalization charges (P = 0.0021) compared to uncomplicated diabetes mellitus when coexisting with acute diverticulitis. CONCLUSIONS Acute diverticulitis with diabetes mellitus is associated with a higher rate of diverticular bleeding, lower rates of abscess, obstruction, and colectomy compared to acute diverticulitis without diabetes mellitus. When coexisting with acute diverticulitis, complicated diabetes mellitus is not associated with higher rates of mortality or diverticulitis-related complications compared to uncomplicated diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sushil Ahlawat
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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Uhe I, Meyer J, Viviano M, Naiken S, Toso C, Ris F, Buchs NC. Caecal diverticulitis can be misdiagnosed as acute appendicitis: a systematic review of the literature. Colorectal Dis 2021; 23:2515-2526. [PMID: 34272795 PMCID: PMC9292704 DOI: 10.1111/codi.15818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM Caecal diverticulitis (CD) is an uncommon condition which can be misdiagnosed as acute appendicitis due to similar clinical presentations. Further, its management varies among medical centres. The aim of this study was to review cases of patients with CD, to identify the factors differentiating CD from acute appendicitis and to provide a summary of existing diagnostic methods and therapeutic alternatives regarding its management. METHODS This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines and the AMSTAR2 checklist. We searched MEDLINE and Embase from inception until 1 October 2018 for original publications reporting cases of CD. RESULTS Out of the 560 identified studies, 146 publications (988 patients) were included in the qualitative synthesis. Most frequent symptoms of CD were right iliac fossa pain (93.2%), nausea and/or vomiting (35.4%) and fever (26.9%). A total of 443 patients (44.8%) underwent radiological imaging, which reported CD in 225 patients (22.8%). For the other patients, the diagnosis was obtained by surgical exploration (73.9%). Among patients diagnosed with CD by imaging, 67 (29.8%) underwent surgery and 158 (70.2%) were treated conservatively. Among patients who underwent surgical exploration, treatment consisted most frequently of right hemi-colectomy (33%), appendectomy (18.8%) and diverticulectomy with appendectomy (16.3%). CONCLUSION CD can be misdiagnosed as acute appendicitis, therefore resulting in unnecessary surgical exploration. The review of the literature starting from 1930 highlights the critical role of medical imaging in supporting the clinician to diagnose this condition and administer adequate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Uhe
- Division of Digestive SurgeryUniversity Hospitals of GenevaGenèveSwitzerland
| | - Jeremy Meyer
- Division of Digestive SurgeryUniversity Hospitals of GenevaGenèveSwitzerland
- Unit of Surgical ResearchUniversity of GenevaGenèveSwitzerland
| | - Manuela Viviano
- Division of Gynaecology and ObstetricsOspedale Regionale di LuganoLuganoSwitzerland
| | - Surrennaidoo Naiken
- Unit of Surgical ResearchUniversity of GenevaGenèveSwitzerland
- Pôle santé Vallée de JouxLe ChenitSwitzerland
| | - Christian Toso
- Division of Digestive SurgeryUniversity Hospitals of GenevaGenèveSwitzerland
- Unit of Surgical ResearchUniversity of GenevaGenèveSwitzerland
| | - Frédéric Ris
- Division of Digestive SurgeryUniversity Hospitals of GenevaGenèveSwitzerland
| | - Nicolas C. Buchs
- Division of Digestive SurgeryUniversity Hospitals of GenevaGenèveSwitzerland
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Ebell MH. Acute Diverticulitis: Identifying Patients Unlikely to Have Complications. Am Fam Physician 2020; 102:495-496. [PMID: 33064428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
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18
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Saguil A. Diverticulitis: Predicting Which Patients with Acute Abdominal Pain Have the Disease. Am Fam Physician 2020; 102:371-372. [PMID: 32931221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Saguil
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
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19
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Tse W, Johns W, Acosta GA, Rivers J, Amendola M, Miller T. Jejunal/Ileal Diverticulitis: A Rare Condition with Potentially Serious Complications. Am Surg 2020; 86:e108-e110. [PMID: 32223811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
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20
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Riahi I, Fradi R, Tbini M, Jaafoura H, Lahiani R, Ben Salah M. Fissured esophageal diverticulum, a rare cervical cellulitis cause. Tunis Med 2020; 98:95-97. [PMID: 32395785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
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21
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Brown SJ. Listening to the Little Voice Inside. Fam Pract Manag 2020; 27:38. [PMID: 31934733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
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Abstract
RATIONALE Primary epiploic appendagitis (PEA) is a rare cause of acute abdomen caused by spontaneous torsion or venous thrombosis of epiploic appendices, it commonly manifests with acute lower quadrant pain, thus may mimic acute diverticulitis, appendicitis, or mesenteric infarction. PATIENT CONCERNS In this case report, we report a 44 years old man who presented with persistent sharp pain in the left lower quadrant abdomen, Laboratory tests were mostly normal, contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) revealed a slightly high density shadow with fat foci in the middle was presented around the local descending colon, accompanied by the adjacent peritoneal thickening. DIAGNOSES He was diagnosed with PEA as confirmed by an abdominal contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) scan. INTERVENTIONS He was followed up in the clinic without any dietary restrictions, antibiotic or analgesic drugs use. OUTCOMES The abdominal pain gradually subsided a week later, and there were no recurrence of the symptoms during follow-up. LESSONS In our case, the diagnosis of PEA using CECT allows the patient to avoid surgery and other invasive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, the Fifth People's Hospital of Nanchong
| | - Min Jia
- Department of radiology, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong
| | - Ping Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Gachabayov M, Orujova L, Kubachev K. Traction Diverticulum of the Small Bowel with Enterolith as a Cause of Intestinal Obstruction. Clin Med Res 2018; 16:92-94. [PMID: 30587563 PMCID: PMC6306149 DOI: 10.3121/cmr.2018.1436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahir Gachabayov
- Department of Surgery named after N.D. Monastyrski, North-Western State Medical Academy named after I.I. Mechnikov, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Lala Orujova
- Department of Surgery named after N.D. Monastyrski, North-Western State Medical Academy named after I.I. Mechnikov, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kubach Kubachev
- Department of Surgery named after N.D. Monastyrski, North-Western State Medical Academy named after I.I. Mechnikov, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Valizadeh N, Suradkar K, Kiran RP. Specific Factors Predict the Risk for Urgent and Emergent Colectomy in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Diverticulitis. Am Surg 2018; 84:1781-1786. [PMID: 30747633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify preoperative characteristics that may determine the need for emergency surgery for diverticulitis and assess postoperative outcomes for these patients when compared with elective surgery. All patients included in the ACS-NSQIP-targeted colectomy database from 2012 to 2013 who underwent colectomy with an underlying diagnosis of diverticulitis were included. Preoperative characteristics and 30-day postoperative outcomes were evaluated for patients who underwent elective versus emergent/urgent surgery using univariable and multivariable analyses. Of 8708 patients with diverticular disease, 28.1 per cent underwent emergent/urgent colectomy. Patients who underwent emergent/urgent colectomy had greater preoperative steroid use, diabetes mellitus, disseminated cancer, chronic renal failure, hypertension, chronic heart failure, chronic liver disease, COPD, and dependent functional health status (P < 0001). There were more patients with age >65 years (P < 0001), smoking history (P < 0.05), and BMI < 18.5 kg/m² (P < 0001) in the emergent/urgent colectomy group. After performing multivariable analysis, preoperative steroid use, weight loss >10 per cent, BMI < 18 kg/m², smoking, age > 65, and comorbid conditions were associated with a higher rate of emergent/urgent surgery. Mortality (5.2% vs 0.2%) and infectious and noninfectious complications were higher after nonelective colectomy. Emergent/urgent colectomy was also associated with longer hospital stay and reoperation. Emergency and urgent colectomy for diverticulitis is associated with significantly worse outcomes than after elective surgery, and patients with comorbid conditions who develop attacks of diverticulitis may in fact be the population that might best benefit from a lower threshold for an elective colectomy.
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Ceuppens AS, Dhont S, Sneyers B, Schepers C, Ramboer K, Van Hootegem P. Jejuno-ileal diverticulosis : a review of literature. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2018; 81:517-519. [PMID: 30645921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Jejunal diverticulosis is a rare entity with variable clinical and anatomical presentations. The majority of cases are discovered incidentally during radiological investigations. Based on a case of a 77 year old woman with jejunal diverticulitis, the current literature about small bowel diverticulosis is reviewed. A jejunoileal diverticulum is usually uncomplicated and can be treated conservatively. Serious complications that require surgery can occur. Abdominal CT is the preferred diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-S Ceuppens
- Department of Gastroenterology, AZ Sint-Lucas, Brugge, Belgium
| | - S Dhont
- Medicine student, University of Gent, Belgium
| | - B Sneyers
- Department of Radiology, AZ Sint-Lucas, Brugge, Belgium
| | - C Schepers
- Department of Radiology, AZ Sint-Lucas, Brugge, Belgium
| | - K Ramboer
- Department of Radiology, AZ Sint-Lucas, Brugge, Belgium
| | - P Van Hootegem
- Department of Gastroenterology, AZ Sint-Lucas, Brugge, Belgium
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Syllaios A, Koutras A, Zotos PA, Triantafyllou E, Bourganos N, Koura S, Liakos A. Jejunal Diverticulitis Mimicking Small Bowel Perforation: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Chirurgia (Bucur) 2018; 113:576-581. [PMID: 30183590 DOI: 10.21614/chirurgia.113.4.576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Jejunal diverticulitis is a rare entity with a higher prevalence among patients between 60 and 70 years. Jejunal diverticula are most often considered an incidental finding, but, they can have complications such as diverticulitis, perforation, abscess, generalized peritonitis, fistula, obstruction and bleeding.Setting the diagnosis still remains challenging. Physicians should be aware of their existence and the clinical suspicion should be raised, especially in the setting of acute abdominal pain where jejunal diverticulitis should be included in the differential diagnosis. A small amount of free air adjacent to the small bowel can be confusing and easily misdiagnosed as small bowel perforation, but, it can actually be found as a result of the inflammation itself without macroperforation or complications.This fact can change the therapeutic strategy to less aggressive, conservative treatments. We present a case of a patient coming to the emergency department with acute abdominal pain, signs of peritonitis, a small amount of extraluminal air, and jejunal diverticulitis without perforation was diagnosed on laparotomy, and a review of the current literature.
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Falk RJ, Husseini JS, Fenves AZ, Rosales IA. Case 24-2018: A 71-Year-Old Man with Acute Renal Failure and Hematuria. N Engl J Med 2018; 379:568-578. [PMID: 30089061 DOI: 10.1056/nejmcpc1802829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J Falk
- From the Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (R.J.F.); and the Departments of Radiology (J.S.H.), Medicine (A.Z.F.), and Pathology (I.A.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Radiology (J.S.H.), Medicine (A.Z.F.), and Pathology (I.A.R.), Harvard Medical School - both in Boston
| | - Jad S Husseini
- From the Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (R.J.F.); and the Departments of Radiology (J.S.H.), Medicine (A.Z.F.), and Pathology (I.A.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Radiology (J.S.H.), Medicine (A.Z.F.), and Pathology (I.A.R.), Harvard Medical School - both in Boston
| | - Andrew Z Fenves
- From the Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (R.J.F.); and the Departments of Radiology (J.S.H.), Medicine (A.Z.F.), and Pathology (I.A.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Radiology (J.S.H.), Medicine (A.Z.F.), and Pathology (I.A.R.), Harvard Medical School - both in Boston
| | - Ivy A Rosales
- From the Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (R.J.F.); and the Departments of Radiology (J.S.H.), Medicine (A.Z.F.), and Pathology (I.A.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Departments of Radiology (J.S.H.), Medicine (A.Z.F.), and Pathology (I.A.R.), Harvard Medical School - both in Boston
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Cálamo-Guzmán B, De Vinatea-Serrano L, Piscoya A. Polypoid angiodysplasia mimicking diverticular disease. Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 41:574-575. [PMID: 29884485 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Cálamo-Guzmán
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru; Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (SOCIEMUPC), Lima, Peru.
| | - Luis De Vinatea-Serrano
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru; Sociedad Científica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (SOCIEMUPC), Lima, Peru
| | - Alejandro Piscoya
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru; Complejo Hospitalario Guillermo Kaelin de la Fuente, Lima, Peru
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Špičák J, Kučera M, Suchánková G. Diverticular disease: diagnosis and treatment. Vnitr Lek 2018; 64:621-634. [PMID: 30223660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Diverticular disease is one of the most common gastroenterological diseases. Its morphological basis are diverticula, whose prevalence in adults nears 50 %, with 25% clinical symptomatology and 5% occurrence of complications. It is a disease of older age, however its incidence is also rising in younger individuals, where it takes a more severe course. Its incidence is ascribed to a diet with a relatively low fibre content, however studies do not yield such clear results. Further risk factors include smoking, use of opiates and corticoids, obesity, alcoholism and smoking, hypertension, polycystosis, immunosuppression and use of non-steroid antiflogistics. Patients with diverticular disease also present with abnormal intestinal motility, intestinal dysbiosis and other physiological and morphological abnormalities. The most types of diverticulosis occur in the sigmoid colon, though especially in Asia the colon ascendens is more frequently affected. There are several classification schemes among which an individual assessment of complications is gaining in importance. The diagnosis includes clinical data, routine laboratory tests for inflammation, calprotectin in stool, coloscopy, ultrasound, CT and magnetic resonance. The basis for the treatment of symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease consists of drugs bringing symptomatic relief, fibre, probiotics, mesalazine and non-absorbable antibiotics, nonetheless the results of a number of studies are not fully convincing. The recommended treatment should be initiated with dietary fibre and probiotics, in the case of lasting problems add a non-absorbable antibiotic rifaximine with cyclic administration. Mild diverticulitis should essentially be treated by means of hydration and adjustments in the dietary regimen, antibiotics are not necessary when its course is uncomplicated and improvement is achieved, however the decision is individual and risk factors such as immunosuppression, diabetes, old age, pregnancy etc. Antibiotics are reserved for the treatment of severe or repeated diverticulitis, sepsis and complications. As prevention of further attacks, again probiotics, mesalazine and cyclically non-absorbable antibiotics are used, e,g. for a period of 10 days at monthly intervals. The proportion of surgeries is decreasing also where acute conditions are concerned and the efficiency of conservative treatment of diverticulitis is on the increase. Abscess should primarily be treated via non-surgical drainage. Even perforation and peritonitis can be treated via laparoscopic drainage without subsequent surgery being necessary, of course considering an overall condition an individual decision needs to be made. Generalized and fecal peritonitis are treated by open surgery. Earlier, elective resection was recommended after 2 attacks of diverticulitis, currently an individual approach is emphasized with respect to age, comorbidities and a character of the complaint and it is only indicated exceptionally. The proportion of laparoscopic resections is growing. The results are basically identical for Hartmann's procedure as well as primary resection. Key words: calprotecin - diverticular disease - dietary fibre - diverticulosis - mesalazine - non-absorbable antibiotics - probiotics.
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Iannone A, Ruospo M, Wong G, Barone M, Principi M, Di Leo A, Strippoli GFM. Mesalazine for People with Diverticular Disease: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 2018:5437135. [PMID: 30320044 PMCID: PMC6167594 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5437135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diverticular disease treatment is limited to fibres, antibiotics, and surgery. There is conflicting evidence on mesalazine benefits and harms. AIM We systematically reviewed current evidence on benefits and harms of mesalazine versus all other treatments in people with diverticular disease. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, ClinicalTrials.gov for studies published to July 2018. We estimated risk ratios (RR) for dichotomous outcomes (disease remission/recurrence, acute diverticulitis in symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease, need for surgery/hospitalization, all-cause/disease-related mortality, adverse events), mean differences (MD) or standardized MD (SMD) for continuous outcomes (quality of life, symptoms score, time to recurrence/remission), and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) using random-effects models. We quantified heterogeneity by Chi2 and I2 tests. We performed subgroup analyses by disease subtype, comparator, follow-up duration, mesalazine dose, and mode of administration. RESULTS We identified 13 randomized trials (n=3028 participants). There was a higher likelihood of disease remission with mesalazine than controls in acute uncomplicated diverticulitis (1 trial, 81 participants, RR=2.67, 95%CI=1.05-6.79), but not in symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease (1 trial, 123 participants, RR=1.04, 95%CI=0.81-1.34). There was a lower likelihood of disease recurrence with mesalazine than controls in symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease (2 trials, 216 participants, RR=0.52, 95%CI=0.28-0.97), but not in acute uncomplicated diverticulitis (7 trials, 2196 participants, RR=0.90, 95%CI=0.61-1.33). There was no difference in the likelihood of developing acute diverticulitis in symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease between the two groups (3 trials, 484 participants, RR=0.26, 95%CI=0.06-1.20). There was a higher global symptoms score reduction with mesalazine than controls in symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease (2 trials, 326 participants, SMD=-1.01, 95%CI=-1.51,-0.52) and acute uncomplicated diverticulitis (2 trials, 153 participants, SMD=-0.56, 95%CI=-0.88,-0.24). CONCLUSIONS Mesalazine may reduce recurrences in symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease. There is uncertainty on the effect of mesalazine in achieving diverticular disease remission. Mesalazine may not prevent acute diverticulitis in symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Iannone
- 1Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Marinella Ruospo
- 2Diaverum Medical Scientific Office, Lund, Sweden
- 3Department of Translational Medicine, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Germaine Wong
- 4Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Australia
- 5Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michele Barone
- 1Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Mariabeatrice Principi
- 1Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Alfredo Di Leo
- 1Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni F. M. Strippoli
- 2Diaverum Medical Scientific Office, Lund, Sweden
- 4Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Australia
- 6Diaverum Academy, Lund, Sweden
- 7Section of Nephrology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Italy
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Bollom A, Austrie J, Hirsch W, Nee J, Friedlander D, Ellingson K, Cheng V, Lembo A. Emergency Department Burden of Diverticulitis in the USA, 2006-2013. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62:2694-2703. [PMID: 28332105 PMCID: PMC5610055 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4525-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
GOALS The aim of this study was to analyze recent trends in emergency department (ED) visits for diverticulitis between 2006 and 2013. BACKGROUND Acute diverticulitis is a serious medical condition that frequently leads to ED visits, hospitalizations, and surgeries resulting in a significant health care burden. METHODS Data were obtained from the National Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) records in which diverticulitis (ICD-9-CM codes 562.11 and 562.13) was the primary diagnosis in the ED between 2006 and 2013. The NEDS collects data from more than 25 million visits in over 950 hospital emergency departments and is weighted to provide national estimates. Our findings reflected patient and hospital characteristics such as demographics, geographical region, and total charges for ED and inpatient stays. RESULTS Between 2006 and 2013, the rate of diverticulitis-related ED visits increased by 26.8% from 89.8 to 113.9 visits per 100,000 population. The aggregate national cost of diverticulitis-related ED visits increased by 105%, from approximately $822 million in 2006 to over $1.6 billion in 2013. Cost data were adjusted for inflation and reported in 2015 dollars. The percentage of individuals admitted to the same hospital from the ED decreased from 58.0 to 47.1% from 2006 to 2013, respectively, while the rate of bowel surgeries per 100,000 ED visits for diverticulitis decreased by 33.7% from 2006 to 2013. CONCLUSIONS The number of ED visits due to diverticulitis and associated costs continued to rise between 2006 and 2013, while the rate of bowel surgeries and inpatient admissions through the ED for diverticulitis decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bollom
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jasmine Austrie
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - William Hirsch
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Judy Nee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Daniel Friedlander
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Kelli Ellingson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Vivian Cheng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Anthony Lembo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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López Marcano AJ, Ramia JM, De la Plaza Llamas R, Alonso S, Gonzales Aguilar JD, Kühnhardt Barrantes AW. [Complicated jejunoileal diverticular disease: a 12 cases' serie and literature review]. Rev Gastroenterol Peru 2017; 37:240-245. [PMID: 29093588 DOI: pmid/29093588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform a retrospective analysis of a series of complicated JID (jejunoileal diverticulitis) cases surgically treated in our service during the period from 2002 to 2015. MATERIALS AND METHODS We treated 12 cases of jejunoileal complicated diverticulosis. 7 women and 5 men. The mean age was 76 years. The clinical presentation in all cases was acute abdominal pain, one with gastrointestinal bleeding. All cases had leukocytosis, neutrophilia and increased acute phase reactants. All patients underwent emergency abdominal CT. RESULTS In 11 cases, there was consistency between imaging studies and surgical findings. Diverticula were located: jejunum (9) and ileum (3). Urgent exploratory laparotomy was always done and findings were: diverticular perforation with peritonitis (7 cases), diverticular perforation with abscess (4 cases) and in one case an ischemic area with diverticular perforation after embolization. Intestinal resection and anastomosis was performed in all cases. There were no patients, in which the diagnosis of diverticulosis jejunoileal was previously known. Complications were: Clavien I (2), Clavien IIIa (1), Clavien IVb (1), Clavien V (1). CONCLUSIONS Jejunoileal diverticulitis is a rare entity, usually the first sign of onset of diverticular disease not previously known. Abdominal CT is of great diagnostic value. Resection of the affected segment is the treatment of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylhin Joana López Marcano
- Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara. Guadalajara, España
| | - José Manuel Ramia
- Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara. Guadalajara, España
| | - Roberto De la Plaza Llamas
- Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara. Guadalajara, España
| | - Soledad Alonso
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara. Guadalajara, España
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Weckbecker K, Klaschik M. [Severe progression of diverticulitis]. MMW Fortschr Med 2017; 159:46-47. [PMID: 28608069 DOI: 10.1007/s15006-017-9790-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Weckbecker
- Institut für Hausarztmedizin der medizinischen Fakultät der Universität Bonn, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Haus 303, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, D-53105, Bonn, Deutschland.
| | - Manuela Klaschik
- Institut für Hausarztmedizin der medizinischen Fakultät der Universität Bonn, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Haus 303, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, D-53105, Bonn, Deutschland
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Finding a Meckel's diverticulum during a laparotomy is rare, operating on a patient for a complication of diverticulum is rare, but if this complication is the result of a perforation of the diverticulum by a foreign body, then we are in the presence of a medical curiosity. OBJECTIVE To present the following case because despite being known, the etiological agent that caused the perforation is very unusual. METHOD male 53 years old with a history of emergency surgically underwent surgery for acute appendicitis 10 years where he underwent an appendectomy and a non-complicated Meckel's diverticulum was identified. For the record, the clinical picture and complementary examinations Meckel diverticulitis was diagnosed and we decided to intervene with surgically emergency. During surgery a Meckel's diverticulum perforated by a fishbone was identified. Segmental bowel resection and an ileo-ileoanastomosis performed manually. CONCLUSIONS Meckel's diverticulum perforated by fishbone is extremely rare. Its diagnosis is challenging because of their variable clinical presentation.
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Hammad Alam SM. Appendicular Diverticulosis with Appendicitis. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2017; 27:183-184. [PMID: 28406778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Appendicular diverticulosis is one of the very rare diseases which is also difficult to diagnose, especially clinically, due to its silent course and non-specific symptoms. It comes under the notation usually due to its complications like diverticulitis or perforation, but sometimes it also presents with acute appendicitis. This report describes a 44-year male patient who presented with the complain of right iliac fossa pain and was clinically diagnosed as acute appendicitis; but intraoperatively, it was found that the appendix also had diverticulosis along with appendicitis.
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Abstract
Diverticular disease is common and accounts for substantial health care utilization in the USA. Recent publications in the areas of diverticulosis and diverticular disease have highlighted several notable advances that are now changing practice. Despite colonic diverticula being common, only 1-4 % of individuals with colonic diverticula will develop diverticulitis. After a first occurrence of acute diverticulitis, the risk of recurrence is 20 % at 5 years. Complications most commonly occur with the first occurrence of acute diverticulitis and not with recurrent episodes. After an episode of diverticulitis, many patients continue to experience chronic gastrointestinal symptoms. Prophylactic surgery is an option to reduce the risk of recurrence and its negative impact on quality of life. Importantly, the rationale for surgery is no longer to prevent complications because this risk is low. The review concludes with practical recommendations for patients with diverticulosis and diverticular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne F Peery
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Bioinformatics Building, CB # 7080, 130 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7555, USA.
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Kunovsky L, Kala Z, Mitas L, Can V, Dolina J, Nemcová E, Klvacova L, Gajdosova T, Penka I. Rare cases imitating acute appendicitis: Three case reports and a review of literature. Rozhl Chir 2017; 96:82-87. [PMID: 28429952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute appendicitis with its characteristic clinical course is one of the most common diagnoses that require urgent surgery. The following three case reports present patients with symptoms typical of acute appendicitis which was, however, not confirmed intraoperatively. Preoperative CT or MRI were not requested because symptoms clearly indicated acute appendicitis. The first case describes a male patient with right-sided diverticulitis, the second case report involves a pregnant woman in 33rd week of gestation with right adnexal torsion due to a dermoid cyst, and in the last report, a case of spontaneous perforation of appendiceal mucinous neoplasm is presented.Key words: right-sided diverticulitis - dermoid cyst - adnexal torsion - mucinous neoplasm - pseudomyxoma peritonei - appendicitis.
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Abstract
Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) are believed to be chemically inert agents, but larger PEG polymers could have immunogenicity. A 39-year-old man was referred to emergency room for loss of consciousness and dyspnea after taking of PEG-3350 (Colyte®). In laboratory findings, the initial serum tryptase level was increased to 91.9 mg/L (normal range: 0.00-11.40 mg/L) without any other laboratory abnormalities. The intradermal test with 10 mg/mL Colyte® showed a 5 × 5 mm wheal, but basophil activation and histamine releasability tests were negative. PEG-3350 is widely used as an osmotic laxative due to its lack of absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. However, the loss of mucosal integrity at gastrointestinal membrane such as diverticulitis may be a predisposing factor for anaphylaxis to Colyte®. We report a case of anaphylaxis induced by the ingestion of PEG-3350 in a patient with diverticulitis which might be a risk factor of anaphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Hee Lee
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sun Hyuk Hwang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jin Soo Park
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hae Sim Park
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yoo Seob Shin
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
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Parlakgumus A, Ezer A, Tarim A. A Rare Cause of Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Jejunal Diverticulosis. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2016; 26:870-871. [PMID: 27806823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alper Parlakgumus
- Department of General Surgery, Baskent University School of Medicine, Adana Teaching and Research Center, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ali Ezer
- Department of General Surgery, Baskent University School of Medicine, Adana Teaching and Research Center, Adana, Turkey
| | - Akin Tarim
- Department of General Surgery, Baskent University School of Medicine, Adana Teaching and Research Center, Adana, Turkey
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Gregersen R, Andresen K, Burcharth J, Pommergaard HC, Rosenberg J. Short-term mortality, readmission, and recurrence in treatment of acute diverticulitis with abscess formation: a nationwide register-based cohort study. Int J Colorectal Dis 2016; 31:983-990. [PMID: 27029799 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-016-2568-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to investigate short-term mortality, readmission, and recurrence in a national cohort of patients with Hinchey Ib-II diverticulitis. METHODS The retrospective cohort-investigation was conducted using a database consisting of the entire Danish population (n = 6,641,672) in year 2000-2012, formed by linking the Danish Registers. Patients admitted with acute Hinchey Ib-II diverticulitis were identified from ICD-10 discharge codes and stratified according to treatment into an operative, drainage, and antibiotics group. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality from admission, secondary outcomes were mortality, readmission, and recurrence within 30 days post-discharge. The study was reported using RECORD guidelines. RESULTS A total of 3148 eligible patients were identified. The cohort had a mean age of 65.1 year, 25.6 % had previously been admitted with diverticulitis, and 48.1 % had registered comorbidities. Within 30 days from admission, 8.7 % of the patients died. Of patients discharged, 2.5 % died, 23.8 % was readmitted, and 5.9 % was readmitted due to diverticulitis within 30 days from discharge. In multivariate analyses, increasing age was associated with mortality at odds-ratio (95 % CI) 1.10 (1.09-1.12). Previous complicated and uncomplicated diverticulitis reduced mortality with odds-ratio 0.50 (0.33-0.76) and 0.73 (0.58-0.92), while uncomplicated diverticulitis also increased risk of recurrence with odds-ratio 1.51 (1.24-1.84). Glucocorticoid usage was associated with mortality with odds-ratio 1.49 (1.23-1.81) and readmission with odds-ratio 2.91 (1.24-6.80). CONCLUSION Acute diverticulitis with abscess formation is a severe and life-threatening condition. Direct comparisons of treatment groups were not possible due to possible confounding by indication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Gregersen
- Centre for Perioperative Optimization, Department of Surgery, Herlev Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark.
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Kristoffer Andresen
- Centre for Perioperative Optimization, Department of Surgery, Herlev Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Burcharth
- Centre for Perioperative Optimization, Department of Surgery, Herlev Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Jacob Rosenberg
- Centre for Perioperative Optimization, Department of Surgery, Herlev Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jaung R, Robertson J, Rowbotham D, Bissett I. Current management of acute diverticulitis: a survey of Australasian surgeons. N Z Med J 2016; 129:23-29. [PMID: 27005870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the current practice and degree of consensus amongst Australasian surgeons regarding non-surgical management of acute diverticulitis (AD) and to determine whether newer approaches to management are being translated into practice. METHODS An online survey was distributed to all Australasian colorectal surgeons and all general surgeons in the Auckland region. Responses were collected over two months and analysed to identify points of consensus and areas of significant difference in opinion between these groups. RESULTS Responses were received from a total of 99 of 200 (49.5%) colorectal surgeons, and 19 of 36 (52.7%) general surgeons. The Hinchey Classification was the most commonly used measure of disease severity, used by 67 (95.7%) colorectal surgeons and 12 (92.3%) general surgeons. There was lack of consensus around important aspects of AD management, including antibiotic therapy, and use and modality of follow-up imaging. Selective antibiotic therapy and use of anti-inflammatory medication as adjuncts to treatment were practised by a minority of those surveyed. CONCLUSIONS Newer approaches to management were being utilised by some respondents. The lack of consensus regarding management of AD may be a consequence of a paucity of high-level evidence to support specific management approaches, particularly in patients with uncomplicated AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ian Bissett
- Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, New Zealand and Department of Surgery, Auckland City Hospital, New Zealand.
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Lahner E, Bellisario C, Hassan C, Zullo A, Esposito G, Annibale B. Probiotics in the Treatment of Diverticular Disease. A Systematic Review. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis 2016; 25:79-86. [PMID: 27014757 DOI: 10.15403/jgld.2014.1121.251.srw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Diverticular disease is a common gastrointestinal condition. Low-grade inflammation and altered intestinal microbiota have been identified as factors contributing to abdominal symptoms. Probiotics may lead to symptoms improvement by modifying the gut microbiota and are promising treatments for diverticular disease. The aim of this study was to systematically review the efficacy of probiotics in diverticular disease in terms of remission of abdominal symptoms and prevention of acute diverticulitis. METHODS According to PRISMA, we identified studies on diverticular disease patients treated with probiotics (Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane). The quality of these studies was evaluated by the Jadad scale. Main outcomes measures were remission of abdominal symptoms and prevention of acute diverticulitis. RESULTS 11 studies (2 double-blind randomized placebo-controlled, 5 open randomized, 4 non-randomized open studies) were eligible. Overall, diverticular disease patients were 764 (55.1% females, age 58-75 years). Three studies included patients with symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease, 4 studies with symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease in remission, 4 studies with complicated or acute diverticulitis. Mainly (72.7%) single probiotic strains had been used, most frequently Lactobacilli. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 24 months. Interventions were variable: in 8 studies the probiotic was administered together with antibiotic or anti-inflammatory agents and compared with the efficacy of the drug alone; in 3 studies the probiotic was compared with a high-fibre diet or used together with phytoextracts. As an outcome measure, 4 studies evaluated the occurrence rate of acute diverticulitis, 6 studies the reduction of abdominal symptoms, and 6 studies the recurrence of abdominal symptoms. Meta-analysis on the efficacy of probiotics in diverticular disease could not be performed due to the poor quality of retrieved studies. CONCLUSION This systematic review showed that high-quality data on the efficacy of probiotics in diverticular disease are scant: the available data do not permit conclusions. Further investigation is required to understand how probiotics can be employed in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Lahner
- Dipartimento Medico-Chirurgico di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale, Sant'Andrea Hospital, School of Medicine, University Sapienza, Rome,Italy
| | - Cristina Bellisario
- Department of Cancer Screening, Centre for Epidemiology and Prevention in Oncology (CPO), University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Cesare Hassan
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Ospedale Nuovo Regina Margherita, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Zullo
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Ospedale Nuovo Regina Margherita, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Esposito
- Dipartimento Medico-Chirurgico di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale, Sant'Andrea Hospital, School of Medicine, University Sapienza, Rome,Italy
| | - Bruno Annibale
- Dipartimento Medico-Chirurgico di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale, Sant'Andrea Hospital, School of Medicine, University Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
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Andrei GN, Popa B, Gulie L, Diaconescu BI, Martian BV, Bejenaru M, Beuran M. Highlighted Steps of the Management Algorithm in Acute Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding - Case Reports and Literature Review. Chirurgia (Bucur) 2016; 111:74-79. [PMID: 26988545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding is a major problem worldwide, being a rare and life threatening condition, with a mortality rate situated between 2 and 4%. Acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding is solvent for 1 - 2% of the entire hospital emergencies, 15% presenting as massive bleeding and up to 5% requiring surgery. Lower gastrointestinal bleeding can be classified depending on their location in the small or large intestine. The small bowel is the rarest site of lower gastrointestinal bleeding, at the same time being the commonest cause of obscure bleeding. 5% of total lower GI bleeding appears in the small bowel. When endoscopic therapy associated with medical treatment are insufficient, endovascular intervention can be lifesaving. Unfortunately in some rare cases of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding with hemo-dynamic instability and the angiography performed being unable to locate the source of bleeding, the last therapeutic resource remains surgery. In the following we exemplify two cases of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding which were resolved in different ways, followed by a thorough description of the different types of available treatment and finally, in the conclusions, we systematize the most important stages of the management algorithm in acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding.
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van Dijk S, Boermeester MA. [Current treatment for diverticulitis: state of affairs in 2016]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2016; 160:D69. [PMID: 27334091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
- Uncomplicated diverticulitis does not routinely require antibiotic treatment and can even be managed in the outpatient setting.- As yet no medical therapies have proven themselves useful in the prevention of recurrence.- Complicated diverticulitis with an abscess smaller than 4 cm is treated with antibiotics, larger abscesses are treated by percutaneous drainage, and only if treatment fails surgery is required.- Laparoscopic lavage is no better than partial resection in purulent peritonitis.- Perforated diverticulitis with faecal peritonitis is treated by a Hartmann's procedure; in selected cases resection and primary anastomosis may be considered.- The decision whether a resection should be laparoscopic or open is based on the surgeon's experience.- The choice for elective resection for recurrent diverticulitis is still made on a patient-by-patient basis.- Only high-risk patients should have a follow-up colonoscopy to exclude malignancy. The remaining patients are referred back to the Dutch national colorectal cancer screening programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- S van Dijk
- Academisch Medisch Centrum, afd. Chirurgie, Amsterdam
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Grieser C. [Man with severe abdominal pain]. MMW Fortschr Med 2015; 157:70-72. [PMID: 26759893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Ozaki A, Tsukada M, Watanabe K, Tsubokura M, Kato S, Tanimoto T, Kami M, Ohira H, Kanazawa Y. Perforated appendiceal diverticulitis associated with appendiceal neurofibroma in neurofibromatosis type 1. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:9817-9821. [PMID: 26361430 PMCID: PMC4562967 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i33.9817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An appendiceal neurofibroma (ANF) is a rare neoplasm associated with neurofibromatosis type 1(NF-1), an inheritable neurocutaneous disorder that involves multiple systems including the intraabdominal organs. Appendiceal diverticulitis occasionally ruptures in the absence of intense abdominal pain, which can lead to serious consequences. Recent reports highlight the association between appendiceal diverticulum and appendiceal neoplasms; however, there is still little information on the association between appendiceal diverticulitis and ANF in NF-1. A 51-year-old Japanese male with NF-1 was referred to the division of surgery for mild right lower quadrant pain. It was suspected he had perforated acute appendicitis with periappendiceal abscess based on clinical manifestations and findings of computed tomography. An emergency appendectomy was conducted. The pathological examination revealed diffusely proliferated tumor cells of a neurofibroma, coexistent with multiple appendiceal diverticulums, leading to the diagnosis of perforated appendiceal diverticulitis associated with ANF. Although he developed a remnant abscess, he recovered with the conservative treatments of antibiotics and drainage. This case suggests that appendiceal diverticulitis might be a complication of appendiceal involvement of NF-1, and that it occasionally ruptures in the absence of intense abdominal pain. Clinicians should recognize that NF-1 can cause various abdominal manifestations.
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Nespoli L, Lo Bianco G, Uggeri F, Romano F, Nespoli A, Bernasconi DP, Gianotti L. Effect of oral mesalamine on inflammatory response in acute uncomplicated diverticulitis. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:8366-8372. [PMID: 26217088 PMCID: PMC4507106 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i27.8366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the impact of mesalamine administration on inflammatory response in acute uncomplicated diverticulitis.
METHODS: We conducted a single centre retrospective cohort study on patients admitted to our surgical department between January 2012 and May 2014 with a computed tomography -confirmed diagnosis of acute uncomplicated diverticulitis. A total of 50 patients were included in the analysis, 20 (study group) had received 3.2 g/d of mesalamine starting from the day of admission in addition to the usual standard treatment, 30 (control group) had received standard therapy alone. Data was retrieved from a prospective database. Our primary study endpoints were: C reactive protein mean levels over time and their variation from baseline (ΔCRP) over the first three days of treatment. Secondary end points included: mean white blood cell and neutrophile count over time, time before regaining of regular bowel movements (passing of stools), time before reintroduction of food intake, intensity of lower abdominal pain over time, analgesic consumption and length of hospital stay.
RESULTS: Patients characteristics and inflammatory parameters were similar at baseline in the two groups. The evaluation of CRP levels over time showed, in treated patients, a distinct trend towards a faster decrease compared to controls. This difference approached statistical significance on day 2 (mean CRP 6.0 +/- 4.2 mg/dL and 10.0 +/- 6.7 mg/dL respectively in study group vs controls, P = 0.055). ΔCRP evaluation evidenced a significantly greater increment of this inflammatory marker in the control group on day 1 (P = 0.03). A similar trend towards a faster resolution of inflammation was observed evaluating the total white blood cell count. Neutrophile levels were significantly lower in treated patients on day 2 and on day 3 (P < 0.05 for both comparisons). Mesalamine administration was also associated with an earlier reintroduction of food intake (median 1.5 d and 3 d, study group vs controls respectively, P < 0.001) and with a shorter hospital stay (median 5 d and 5.5 d, study group vs controls respectively, P = 0.03).
CONCLUSION: Despite its limitations, this study suggests that mesalamine may allow for a faster recovery and for a reduction of inflammatory response in acute uncomplicated diverticulitis.
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Arsenyuk VV, Minchekov YV, Gryniv OV, Vasylyanov DS, Voytenko II, Arsenyuk TL. [RECURRENT HEMORRHANGE FROM MECKEL'S DIVERTICULUM]. Klin Khir 2015:76. [PMID: 26263653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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Liljekvist MS, Pommergaard HC, Burcharth J, Rosenberg J. [Diagnostic imaging and acute abdominal pain]. Ugeskr Laeger 2015; 177:V06140339. [PMID: 25613211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Acute abdominal pain is a common clinical condition. Clinical signs and symptoms can be difficult to interpret, and diagnostic imaging may help to identify intra-abdominal disease. Conventional X-ray, ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen vary in usability between common surgical causes of acute abdominal pain. Overall, conventional X-ray cannot confidently diagnose or rule out disease. US and CT are equally trustworthy for most diseases. US with subsequent CT may enhance diagnostic precision. Magnetic resonance seems promising for future use in acute abdominal imaging.
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