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Al-Nuaimi DA, Rütsche D, Abukar A, Hiebert P, Zanetti D, Cesarovic N, Falk V, Werner S, Mazza E, Giampietro C. Hydrostatic pressure drives sprouting angiogenesis via adherens junction remodelling and YAP signalling. Commun Biol 2024; 7:940. [PMID: 39097636 PMCID: PMC11297954 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06604-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell physiology is governed by its unique microenvironment at the interface between blood and tissue. A major contributor to the endothelial biophysical environment is blood hydrostatic pressure, which in mechanical terms applies isotropic compressive stress on the cells. While other mechanical factors, such as shear stress and circumferential stretch, have been extensively studied, little is known about the role of hydrostatic pressure in the regulation of endothelial cell behavior. Here we show that hydrostatic pressure triggers partial and transient endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in endothelial monolayers of different vascular beds. Values mimicking microvascular pressure environments promote proliferative and migratory behavior and impair barrier properties that are characteristic of a mesenchymal transition, resulting in increased sprouting angiogenesis in 3D organotypic model systems ex vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, this response is linked to differential cadherin expression at the adherens junctions, and to an increased YAP expression, nuclear localization, and transcriptional activity. Inhibition of YAP transcriptional activity prevents pressure-induced sprouting angiogenesis. Together, this work establishes hydrostatic pressure as a key modulator of endothelial homeostasis and as a crucial component of the endothelial mechanical niche.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominic Rütsche
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Experimental Continuum Mechanics, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Asra Abukar
- ETH Zürich, DMAVT, Experimental Continuum Mechanics, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Paul Hiebert
- Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
- Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, The University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Dominik Zanetti
- Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nikola Cesarovic
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Volkmar Falk
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Werner
- Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo Mazza
- ETH Zürich, DMAVT, Experimental Continuum Mechanics, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland.
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Experimental Continuum Mechanics, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland.
| | - Costanza Giampietro
- ETH Zürich, DMAVT, Experimental Continuum Mechanics, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland.
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Experimental Continuum Mechanics, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland.
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2
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Park A, Kim S, Yu J, Son D, Kim K, Koh E, Park K. Cadherin-6 is a novel mediator for the migration of mesenchymal stem cells to glioblastoma cells in response to stromal cell-derived factor-1. FEBS Open Bio 2024; 14:1192-1204. [PMID: 38719785 PMCID: PMC11216932 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma recruits various nontransformed cells from distant tissues. Although bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been observed migrating to glioblastoma, the underlying mechanism driving MSC migration toward glioblastoma remains unclear. Tumor vascularity is critical in the context of recurrent glioblastoma and is closely linked to the expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1). We demonstrated that cadherin-6 mediated MSC migration both toward SDF-1 and toward glioblastoma cells. Cadherin-6 knockdown resulted in the downregulation of MSCs capacity to migrate in response to SDF-1. Furthermore, MSCs with cadherin-6 knockdown exhibited impaired migration in response to conditioned media derived from glioblastoma cell lines (U87 and U373) expressing SDF-1, thus simulating the glioblastoma microenvironment. Moreover, MSCs enhanced the vasculogenic capacity of U87 cells without increasing the proliferation, cancer stem cell characteristics, or migration of U87. These results suggest that the current strategy of utilizing MSCs as carriers for antiglioblastoma drugs requires careful examination. Furthermore, cadherin-6 may represent a novel potential target for controlling the recruitment of MSCs toward glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aran Park
- Graduate School of BiotechnologyKyung Hee UniversityYonginKorea
| | - Seung‐Eun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate SchoolKyung Hee UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Jinyeong Yu
- Industry‐Academic Cooperation FoundationKyung Hee UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Donghyun Son
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate SchoolKyung Hee UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Kyung‐Sup Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of MedicineYonsei UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Eunjin Koh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of MedicineYonsei UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Ki‐Sook Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate SchoolKyung Hee UniversitySeoulKorea
- East‐West Medical Research InstituteKyung Hee UniversitySeoulKorea
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3
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Seo T, Lowery AM, Xu H, Giang W, Troyanovsky SM, Vincent PA, Kowalczyk AP. MARCH family E3 ubiquitin ligases selectively target and degrade cadherin family proteins. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0290485. [PMID: 38722959 PMCID: PMC11081302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cadherin family proteins play a central role in epithelial and endothelial cell-cell adhesion. The dynamic regulation of cell adhesion is achieved in part through endocytic membrane trafficking pathways that modulate cadherin cell surface levels. Here, we define the role for various MARCH family ubiquitin ligases in the regulation of cadherin degradation. We find that MARCH2 selectively downregulates VE-cadherin, resulting in loss of adherens junction proteins at cell borders and a loss of endothelial barrier function. Interestingly, N-cadherin is refractory to MARCH ligase expression, demonstrating that different classical cadherin family proteins are differentially regulated by MARCH family ligases. Using chimeric cadherins, we find that the specificity of different MARCH family ligases for different cadherins is conferred by the cadherin transmembrane domain. Further, juxta-membrane lysine residues are required for cadherin degradation by MARCH proteins. These findings expand our understanding of cadherin regulation and highlight a new role for mammalian MARCH family ubiquitin ligases in differentially regulating cadherin turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadahiko Seo
- Departments of Dermatology and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Anthony M. Lowery
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Haifang Xu
- Departments of Dermatology and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - William Giang
- Departments of Dermatology and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sergey M. Troyanovsky
- Department of Dermatology, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Peter A. Vincent
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Andrew P. Kowalczyk
- Departments of Dermatology and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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4
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Hu Q, Qu W, Zhang T, Feng J, Dong X, Nie R, Chen J, Wang X, Peng C, Ke X. C1q/Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Protein-9 Is a Novel Vasculoprotective Cytokine That Restores High Glucose-Suppressed Endothelial Progenitor Cell Functions by Activating the Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e030054. [PMID: 38348774 PMCID: PMC11010095 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.030054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated whether gCTRP9 (globular C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein-9) could restore high-glucose (HG)-suppressed endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) functions by activating the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). METHODS AND RESULTS EPCs were treated with HG (25 mmol/L) and gCTRP9. Migration, adhesion, and tube formation assays were performed. Adiponectin receptor 1, adiponectin receptor 2, and N-cadherin expression and AMP-activated protein kinase, protein kinase B, and eNOS phosphorylation were measured by Western blotting. eNOS activity was determined using nitrite production measurement. In vivo reendothelialization and EPC homing assays were performed using Evans blue and immunofluorescence in mice. Treatment with gCTRP9 at physiological levels enhanced migration, adhesion, and tube formation of EPCs. gCTRP9 upregulated the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase, protein kinase B, and eNOS and increased nitrite production in a concentration-dependent manner. Exposure of EPCs to HG-attenuated EPC functions induced cellular senescence and decreased eNOS activity and nitric oxide synthesis; the effects of HG were reversed by gCTRP9. Protein kinase B knockdown inhibited eNOS phosphorylation but did not affect gCTRP9-induced AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. HG impaired N-cadherin expression, but treatment with gCTRP9 restored N-cadherin expression after HG stimulation. gCTRP9 restored HG-impaired EPC functions through both adiponectin receptor 1 and N-cadherin-mediated AMP-activated protein kinase /protein kinase B/eNOS signaling. Nude mice that received EPCs treated with gCTRP9 under HG medium showed a significant enhancement of the reendothelialization capacity compared with those with EPCs incubated under HG conditions. CONCLUSIONS CTRP9 promotes EPC migration, adhesion, and tube formation and restores these functions under HG conditions through eNOS-mediated signaling mechanisms. Therefore, CTRP9 modulation could eventually be used for vascular healing after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Hu
- Department of CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Wan Qu
- Health Management CenterFirst Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jianyi Feng
- Department of CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaobian Dong
- Department of CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ruqiong Nie
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and ElectrophysiologySun Yat‐Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Junyu Chen
- Department of CardiologyFuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (Shenzhen Sun Yat‐Sen Cardiovascular Hospital)ShenzhenChina
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Department of CardiologyFuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (Shenzhen Sun Yat‐Sen Cardiovascular Hospital)ShenzhenChina
| | - Changnong Peng
- Department of CardiologyFuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (Shenzhen Sun Yat‐Sen Cardiovascular Hospital)ShenzhenChina
| | - Xiao Ke
- Department of CardiologyFuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (Shenzhen Sun Yat‐Sen Cardiovascular Hospital)ShenzhenChina
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5
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Bhattarai P, Lu W, Hardikar A, Dey S, Gaikwad AV, Shahzad AM, Chia C, Williams A, Singhera GK, Hackett TL, Eapen MS, Sohal SS. Endothelial to mesenchymal transition is an active process in smokers and patients with early COPD contributing to pulmonary arterial pathology. ERJ Open Res 2024; 10:00767-2023. [PMID: 38348240 PMCID: PMC10860200 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00767-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously reported pulmonary arterial remodelling in smokers and patients with early COPD, which can be attributed to endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT). In this study, we aimed to evaluate if EndMT is an active mechanism in smokers and COPD. Methods Immunohistochemical staining for the EndMT biomarkers CD31, N-cadherin, vimentin and S100A4 was done on lung resection tissue from 49 subjects. These comprised 15 nonsmoker controls (NC), six normal lung function smokers (NLFS), nine patients with small airway disease (SAD), nine current smokers with mild-moderate COPD (COPD-CS) and 10 ex-smokers with COPD (COPD-ES). Pulmonary arteries were analysed using Image ProPlus software v7.0. Results We noted reduced junctional CD31+ endothelial cells (p<0.05) in the intimal layer of all smoking groups compared to NC. We also observed increased abundance of the mesenchymal markers N-cadherin (p<0.05) and vimentin (p<0.001) in all smoking groups and across all arterial sizes versus NC, except for N-cadherin in large arteries in COPD-CS. The abundance of S100A4 correlated with arterial thickness (small: r=0.29, p=0.05; medium: r=0.33, p=0.03; large: r=0.35, p=0.02). Vimentin in the small arterial wall negatively correlated with forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity (r= -0.35, p=0.02) and forced expiratory flow rate at 25-75% of forced vital capacity (r= -0.34, p=0.03), while increased cytoplasmic CD31 abundance in the intimal layer of medium and large arteries negatively correlated with predicted diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (medium: r= -0.35, p=0.04; large: r= -0.39, p=0.03). Conclusion This is the first study showing the acquisition of mesenchymal traits by pulmonary endothelial cells from NLFS, SAD and mild-moderate COPD patients through EndMT. This informs on the potential early origins of pulmonary hypertension in smokers and patients with early COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Bhattarai
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
- Launceston Respiratory and Sleep Centre, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Wenying Lu
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
- Launceston Respiratory and Sleep Centre, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Ashutosh Hardikar
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Surajit Dey
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Archana Vijay Gaikwad
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Affan Mahmood Shahzad
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Collin Chia
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
- Launceston Respiratory and Sleep Centre, Launceston, TAS, Australia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Launceston General Hospital, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Andrew Williams
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Gurpreet Kaur Singhera
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tillie-Louise Hackett
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mathew Suji Eapen
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Sukhwinder Singh Sohal
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
- Launceston Respiratory and Sleep Centre, Launceston, TAS, Australia
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6
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Seo T, Lowery AM, Xu H, Giang W, Troyanovsky SM, Vincent PA, Kowalczyk AP. MARCH family E3 ubiquitin ligases selectively target and degrade cadherin family proteins. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.10.552739. [PMID: 37609155 PMCID: PMC10441400 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.10.552739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Cadherin family proteins play a central role in epithelial and endothelial cell-cell adhesion. The dynamic regulation of cell adhesion is achieved in part through endocytic membrane trafficking pathways that modulate cadherin cell surface levels. Here, we define the role for various MARCH family ubiquitin ligases in the regulation of cadherin degradation. We find that MARCH2 selectively downregulates VE-cadherin, resulting in loss of adherens junction proteins at cell borders and a loss of endothelial barrier function. Interestingly, N-cadherin is refractory to MARCH ligase expression, demonstrating that different classical cadherin family proteins are differentially regulated by MARCH family ligases. Using chimeric cadherins, we find that the specificity of different MARCH family ligases for different cadherins is conferred by the cadherin transmembrane domain. Further, juxta-membrane lysine residues are required for cadherin degradation by MARCH proteins. These findings expand our understanding of cadherin regulation and highlight a new role for mammalian MARCH family ubiquitin ligases in differentially regulating cadherin turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadahiko Seo
- Departments of Dermatology and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Anthony M. Lowery
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Haifang Xu
- Departments of Dermatology and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - William Giang
- Departments of Dermatology and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sergey M. Troyanovsky
- Department of Dermatology, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Peter A. Vincent
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Andrew P. Kowalczyk
- Departments of Dermatology and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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7
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Ibata N, Terentjev EM. Nucleation of cadherin clusters on cell-cell interfaces. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18485. [PMID: 36323859 PMCID: PMC9630535 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23220-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadherins mediate cell-cell adhesion and help the cell determine its shape and function. Here we study collective cadherin organization and interactions within cell-cell contact areas, and find the cadherin density at which a 'gas-liquid' phase transition occurs, when cadherin monomers begin to aggregate into dense clusters. We use a 2D lattice model of a cell-cell contact area, and coarse-grain to the continuous number density of cadherin to map the model onto the Cahn-Hilliard coarsening theory. This predicts the density required for nucleation, the characteristic length scale of the process, and the number density of clusters. The analytical predictions of the model are in good agreement with experimental observations of cadherin clustering in epithelial tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Ibata
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - Eugene M. Terentjev
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
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8
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Suarez-Ramirez JE, Cauley LS, Chandiran K. CTLs Get SMAD When Pathogens Tell Them Where to Go. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:1025-1032. [PMID: 36130123 PMCID: PMC9512391 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines protect against infections by eliciting both Ab and T cell responses. Because the immunity wanes as protective epitopes get modified by accruing mutations, developing strategies for immunization against new variants is a major priority for vaccine development. CTLs eliminate cells that support viral replication and provide protection against new variants by targeting epitopes from internal viral proteins. This form of protection has received limited attention during vaccine development, partly because reliable methods for directing pathogen-specific memory CD8 T cells to vulnerable tissues are currently unavailable. In this review we examine how recent studies expand our knowledge of mechanisms that contribute to the functional diversity of CTLs as they respond to infection. We discuss the role of TGF-β and the SMAD signaling cascade during genetic programming of pathogen-specific CTLs and the pathways that promote formation of a newly identified subset of terminally differentiated memory CD8 T cells that localize in the vasculature.
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9
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Endothelial cell spreading on lipid bilayers with combined integrin and cadherin binding ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 68:116850. [PMID: 35714536 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells play a central role in the vascular system, where their function is tightly regulated by both cell-extracellular matrix (e.g., via integrins) and cell-cell interactions (e.g., via cadherins). In this study, we incorporated cholesterol-modified integrin and N-cadherin peptide binding ligands in fluid supported lipid bilayers. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell adhesion, spreading and vinculin localization in these cells were dependent on ligand density. One composition led to observe a higher extent of cell spreading, where cells exhibited extensive lamellipodia formation and a qualitatively more distinct N-cadherin localization at the cell periphery, which is indicative of N-cadherin clustering and a mimic of cell-cell contact formation. The results can be used to reconstitute the endothelial-pericyte interface on biomedical devices and materials.
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10
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Rauti R, Shahoha M, Leichtmann-Bardoogo Y, Nasser R, Paz E, Tamir R, Miller V, Babich T, Shaked K, Ehrlich A, Ioannidis K, Nahmias Y, Sharan R, Ashery U, Maoz BM. Effect of SARS-CoV-2 proteins on vascular permeability. eLife 2021; 10:69314. [PMID: 34694226 PMCID: PMC8545399 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 infection leads to severe disease associated with cytokine storm, vascular dysfunction, coagulation, and progressive lung damage. It affects several vital organs, seemingly through a pathological effect on endothelial cells. The SARS-CoV-2 genome encodes 29 proteins, whose contribution to the disease manifestations, and especially endothelial complications, is unknown. We cloned and expressed 26 of these proteins in human cells and characterized the endothelial response to overexpression of each, individually. Whereas most proteins induced significant changes in endothelial permeability, nsp2, nsp5_c145a (catalytic dead mutant of nsp5), and nsp7 also reduced CD31, and increased von Willebrand factor expression and IL-6, suggesting endothelial dysfunction. Using propagation-based analysis of a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, we predicted the endothelial proteins affected by the viral proteins that potentially mediate these effects. We further applied our PPI model to identify the role of each SARS-CoV-2 protein in other tissues affected by coronavirus disease (COVID-19). While validating the PPI network model, we found that the tight junction (TJ) proteins cadherin-5, ZO-1, and β-catenin are affected by nsp2, nsp5_c145a, and nsp7 consistent with the model prediction. Overall, this work identifies the SARS-CoV-2 proteins that might be most detrimental in terms of endothelial dysfunction, thereby shedding light on vascular aspects of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Rauti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Meishar Shahoha
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Rami Nasser
- Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eyal Paz
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Rina Tamir
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Victoria Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tal Babich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Kfir Shaked
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Avner Ehrlich
- Grass Center for Bioengineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Yaakov Nahmias
- Grass Center for Bioengineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Roded Sharan
- Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Uri Ashery
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ben Meir Maoz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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11
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Inglut CT, Gray KM, Vig S, Jung JW, Stabile J, Zhang Y, Stroka KM, Huang HC. Photodynamic Priming Modulates Endothelial Cell-Cell Junction Phenotype for Light-activated Remote Control of Drug Delivery. IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS : A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY 2021; 27:7200311. [PMID: 33519171 PMCID: PMC7839980 DOI: 10.1109/jstqe.2020.3024014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) remains a major obstacle for drug delivery to the central nervous system. In particular, the tight and adherens junctions that join the brain capillary endothelial cells limit the diffusion of various molecules from the bloodstream into the brain. Photodynamic priming (PDP) is a non-cytotoxic modality that involves light activation of photosensitizers to photochemically modulate nearby molecules without killing the cells. Here we investigate the effects of sub-lethal photochemistry on junction phenotype (i.e., continuous, punctate, or perpendicular), as well as the BBB permeability in a transwell model of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs). We showed that PDP decreases the continuous junction architecture by ~20%, increases the perpendicular junction architecture by ~40%, and has minimal impact on cell morphology in HBMECs. Furthermore, transwell permeability assay revealed that PDP improves the HBMEC permeability to dextran or nanoliposomes by up to 30-fold for 6-9 days. These results suggest that PDP could safely reverse the mature brain endothelial junctions without killing the HBMECs. This study not only emphasizes the critical roles of PDP in the modulation junction phenotype, but also highlights the opportunity to further develop PDP-based combinations that opens the cerebrum endothelium for enhanced drug transporter across the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin T Inglut
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Kelsey M Gray
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Shruti Vig
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Jae W Jung
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Jillian Stabile
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Yuji Zhang
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Kimberly M Stroka
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Huang-Chiao Huang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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12
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Weber P, Baltus D, Jatho A, Drews O, Zelarayan LC, Wieland T, Lutz S. RhoGEF17-An Essential Regulator of Endothelial Cell Death and Growth. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040741. [PMID: 33801779 PMCID: PMC8067313 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor RhoGEF17 was described to reside in adherens junctions (AJ) in endothelial cells (EC) and to play a critical role in the regulation of cell adhesion and barrier function. The purpose of this study was to analyze signal cascades and processes occurring subsequent to AJ disruption induced by RhoGEF17 knockdown. Primary human and immortalized rat EC were used to demonstrate that an adenoviral-mediated knockdown of RhoGEF17 resulted in cell rounding and an impairment in spheroid formation due to an enhanced proteasomal degradation of AJ components. In contrast, β-catenin degradation was impaired, which resulted in an induction of the β-catenin-target genes cyclin D1 and survivin. RhoGEF17 depletion additionally inhibited cell adhesion and sheet migration. The RhoGEF17 knockdown prevented the cells with impeded cell–cell and cell–matrix contacts from apoptosis, which was in line with a reduction in pro-caspase 3 expression and an increase in Akt phosphorylation. Nevertheless, the cells were not able to proliferate as a cell cycle block occurred. In summary, we demonstrate that a loss of RhoGEF17 disturbs cell–cell and cell–substrate interaction in EC. Moreover, it prevents the EC from cell death and blocks cell proliferation. Non-canonical β-catenin signaling and Akt activation could be identified as a potential mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamina Weber
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim (EPM), European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (P.W.); (D.B.)
| | - Doris Baltus
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim (EPM), European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (P.W.); (D.B.)
| | - Aline Jatho
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (A.J.); (L.C.Z.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Drews
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Laura C. Zelarayan
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (A.J.); (L.C.Z.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Wieland
- Experimental Pharmacology Mannheim (EPM), European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (P.W.); (D.B.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- Correspondence: (T.W.); (S.L.)
| | - Susanne Lutz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (A.J.); (L.C.Z.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Correspondence: (T.W.); (S.L.)
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13
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Grimsley-Myers CM, Isaacson RH, Cadwell CM, Campos J, Hernandes MS, Myers KR, Seo T, Giang W, Griendling KK, Kowalczyk AP. VE-cadherin endocytosis controls vascular integrity and patterning during development. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:151601. [PMID: 32232465 PMCID: PMC7199849 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201909081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue morphogenesis requires dynamic intercellular contacts that are subsequently stabilized as tissues mature. The mechanisms governing these competing adhesive properties are not fully understood. Using gain- and loss-of-function approaches, we tested the role of p120-catenin (p120) and VE-cadherin (VE-cad) endocytosis in vascular development using mouse mutants that exhibit increased (VE-cadGGG/GGG) or decreased (VE-cadDEE/DEE) internalization. VE-cadGGG/GGG mutant mice exhibited reduced VE-cad-p120 binding, reduced VE-cad levels, microvascular hemorrhaging, and decreased survival. By contrast, VE-cadDEE/DEE mutants exhibited normal vascular permeability but displayed microvascular patterning defects. Interestingly, VE-cadDEE/DEE mutant mice did not require endothelial p120, demonstrating that p120 is dispensable in the context of a stabilized cadherin. In vitro, VE-cadDEE mutant cells displayed defects in polarization and cell migration that were rescued by uncoupling VE-cadDEE from actin. These results indicate that cadherin endocytosis coordinates cell polarity and migration cues through actin remodeling. Collectively, our results indicate that regulated cadherin endocytosis is essential for both dynamic cell movements and establishment of stable tissue architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin H Isaacson
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Chantel M Cadwell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jazmin Campos
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Marina S Hernandes
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Kenneth R Myers
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Tadahiko Seo
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - William Giang
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Kathy K Griendling
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Andrew P Kowalczyk
- Department of Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
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14
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Dömer P, Kayal J, Janssen-Bienhold U, Kewitz B, Kretschmer T, Heinen C. Rapid and efficient immunomagnetic isolation of endothelial cells from human peripheral nerves. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1951. [PMID: 33479384 PMCID: PMC7820485 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81361-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) have gained an increased scientific focus since they were reported to provide guidance for Schwann cells and subsequently following axons after nerve injuries. However, previous protocols for the isolation of nerve-derived ECs from human nerves are ineffective regarding time and yield. Therefore, we established a novel and efficient protocol for the isolation of ECs from human peripheral nerves by means of immunomagnetic CD31-antibody conjugated Dynabeads and assessed the purity of the isolated cells. The easy-to-follow and time-effective isolation method allows the isolation of > 95% pure ECs. The isolated ECs were shown to express highly specific EC marker proteins and revealed functional properties by formation of CD31 and VE-cadherin positive adherens junctions, as well as ZO-1 positive tight-junctions. Moreover, the formation of capillary EC-tubes was observed in-vitro. The novel protocol for the isolation of human nerve-derived ECs allows and simplifies the usage of ECs in research of the human blood-nerve-barrier and peripheral nerve regeneration. Additionally, a potential experimental application of patient-derived nerve ECs in the in-vitro vascularization of artificial nerve grafts is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Dömer
- Department of Neuroscience, Carl Von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky Str. 9-11, Oldenburg, Germany.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Campus Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Janine Kayal
- Department of Neuroscience, Carl Von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky Str. 9-11, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Janssen-Bienhold
- Department of Neuroscience, Carl Von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky Str. 9-11, Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Center Neurosensory Science, Carl Von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Kewitz
- Department of Neuroscience, Carl Von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky Str. 9-11, Oldenburg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Campus Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kretschmer
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurorestauration, Klinikum Klagenfurt Am Wörthersee, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Christian Heinen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Evangelisches Krankenhaus, Campus Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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15
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Hair follicle germs containing vascular endothelial cells for hair regenerative medicine. Sci Rep 2021; 11:624. [PMID: 33436760 PMCID: PMC7804392 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79722-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair regenerative medicine has emerged as a promising approach for the treatment of severe hair loss. Recent advances in three-dimensional tissue engineering, such as formation of hair follicle germs (HFGs), have considerably improved hair regeneration after transplantation in animal models. Here, we proposed an approach for fabricating HFGs containing vascular endothelial cells. Epithelial, dermal papilla, and vascular endothelial cells initially formed a single aggregate, which subsequently became a dumbbell-shaped HFG, wherein the vascular endothelial cells localized in the region of dermal papilla cells. The HFGs containing vascular endothelial cells exhibited higher expression of hair morphogenesis-related genes in vitro, along with higher levels of hair shaft regeneration upon transplantation to the dorsal side of nude mice, than those without vascular endothelial cells. The generated hair follicles represented functional characteristics, such as piloerection, as well as morphological characteristics comparable to those of natural hair shafts. This approach may provide a promising strategy for fabricating tissue grafts with higher hair inductivity for hair regenerative medicine.
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16
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Han JH, Ko UH, Kim HJ, Kim S, Jeon JS, Shin JH. Electrospun Microvasculature for Rapid Vascular Network Restoration. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 18:89-97. [PMID: 32914287 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-020-00292-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sufficient blood supply through neo-vasculature is a major challenge in cell therapy and tissue engineering in order to support the growth, function, and viability of implanted cells. However, depending on the implant size and cell types, the natural process of angiogenesis may not provide enough blood supply for long term survival of the implants, requiring supplementary strategy to prevent local ischemia. Many researchers have reported the methodologies to form pre-vasculatures that mimic in vivo microvessels for implantation to promote angiogenesis. These approaches successfully showed significant enhancement in long-term survival and regenerative functions of implanted cells, yet there remains room for improvement. METHODS This paper suggests a proof-of-concept strategy to utilize novel scaffolds of dimpled/hollow electrospun fibers that enable the formation of highly mature pre-vasculatures with adequate dimensions and fast degrading in the tissue. RESULT Higher surface roughness improved the maturity of endothelial cells mediated by increased cell-scaffold affinity. The degradation of scaffold material for functional restoration of the neo-vasculatures was also expedited by employing the hollow scaffold design based on co-axial electrospinning techniques. CONCLUSION This unique scaffold-based pre-vasculature can hold implanted cells and tissue constructs for a prolonged time while minimizing the cellular loss, manifesting as a gold standard design for transplantable scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je-Hyun Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ung Hyun Ko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunggyu Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jessie S Jeon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jennifer H Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Mrozik KM, Cheong CM, Hewett DR, Noll JE, Opperman KS, Adwal A, Russell DL, Blaschuk OW, Vandyke K, Zannettino ACW. LCRF-0006, a small molecule mimetic of the N-cadherin antagonist peptide ADH-1, synergistically increases multiple myeloma response to bortezomib. FASEB Bioadv 2020; 2:339-353. [PMID: 32617520 PMCID: PMC7325588 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2019-00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
N-cadherin is a homophilic cell-cell adhesion molecule that plays a critical role in maintaining vascular stability and modulating endothelial barrier permeability. Pre-clinical studies have shown that the N-cadherin antagonist peptide, ADH-1, increases the permeability of tumor-associated vasculature thereby increasing anti-cancer drug delivery to tumors and enhancing tumor response. Small molecule library screens have identified a novel compound, LCRF-0006, that is a mimetic of the classical cadherin His-Ala-Val sequence-containing region of ADH-1. Here, we evaluated the vascular permeability-enhancing and anti-cancer properties of LCRF-0006 using in vitro vascular disruption and cell apoptosis assays, and a well-established pre-clinical model (C57BL/KaLwRij/5TGM1) of the hematological cancer multiple myeloma (MM). We found that LCRF-0006 disrupted endothelial cell junctions in a rapid, transient and reversible manner, and increased vascular permeability in vitro and at sites of MM tumor in vivo. Notably, LCRF-0006 synergistically increased the in vivo anti-MM tumor response to low-dose bortezomib, a frontline anti-MM agent, leading to regression of disease in 100% of mice. Moreover, LCRF-0006 and bortezomib synergistically induced 5TGM1 MM tumor cell apoptosis in vitro. Our findings demonstrate the potential clinical utility of LCRF-0006 to significantly increase bortezomib effectiveness and enhance the depth of tumor response in patients with MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof M. Mrozik
- Myeloma Research LaboratoryAdelaide Medical SchoolFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Precision Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI)AdelaideAustralia
| | - Chee M. Cheong
- Myeloma Research LaboratoryAdelaide Medical SchoolFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Precision Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI)AdelaideAustralia
| | - Duncan R. Hewett
- Myeloma Research LaboratoryAdelaide Medical SchoolFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Precision Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI)AdelaideAustralia
| | - Jacqueline E. Noll
- Myeloma Research LaboratoryAdelaide Medical SchoolFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Precision Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI)AdelaideAustralia
| | - Khatora S. Opperman
- Myeloma Research LaboratoryAdelaide Medical SchoolFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Precision Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI)AdelaideAustralia
| | - Alaknanda Adwal
- Ovarian and Reproductive Cancer Biology LaboratoryRobinson Research InstituteThe University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
| | - Darryl L. Russell
- Ovarian and Reproductive Cancer Biology LaboratoryRobinson Research InstituteThe University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
| | - Orest W. Blaschuk
- Division of UrologyDepartment of SurgeryMcGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Kate Vandyke
- Myeloma Research LaboratoryAdelaide Medical SchoolFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Precision Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI)AdelaideAustralia
| | - Andrew C. W. Zannettino
- Myeloma Research LaboratoryAdelaide Medical SchoolFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia
- Precision Medicine ThemeSouth Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI)AdelaideAustralia
- Central Adelaide Local Health NetworkAdelaideAustralia
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18
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Iendaltseva O, Orlova VV, Mummery CL, Danen EHJ, Schmidt T. Fibronectin Patches as Anchoring Points for Force Sensing and Transmission in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Pericytes. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 14:1107-1122. [PMID: 32470326 PMCID: PMC7355144 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericytes (PCs) have been reported to contribute to the mechanoregulation of the capillary diameter and blood flow in health and disease. How this is realized remains poorly understood. We designed several models representing basement membrane (BM) in between PCs and endothelial cells (ECs). These models captured a unique protein organization with micron-sized FN patches surrounded by laminin (LM) and allowed to obtain quantitative information on PC morphology and contractility. Using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived PCs, we could address mechanical aspects of mid-capillary PC behavior in vitro. Our results showed that PCs strongly prefer FN patches over LM for adhesion formation, have an optimal stiffness for spreading in the range of EC rigidity, and react in a non-canonical way with increased traction forces and reduced spreading on other stiffness then the optimal. Our approach opens possibilities to further study PC force regulation under well-controlled conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Iendaltseva
- Physics of Life Processes, Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, South Holland 2333 CC, the Netherlands; Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, South Holland 2333 CC, the Netherlands
| | - Valeria V Orlova
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, South Holland, the Netherlands
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, South Holland, the Netherlands
| | - Erik H J Danen
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, South Holland 2333 CC, the Netherlands.
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Physics of Life Processes, Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, South Holland 2333 CC, the Netherlands.
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19
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Urbanczyk M, Zbinden A, Layland SL, Duffy G, Schenke-Layland K. Controlled Heterotypic Pseudo-Islet Assembly of Human β-Cells and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Using Magnetic Levitation. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 26:387-399. [PMID: 31680653 PMCID: PMC7187983 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Cell functionality and survival are highly dependent on the cells' microenvironment and cell–cell interactions. Since the pancreas is a highly vascularized organ, the crosstalk between β-cells and endothelial cells (ECs) is vital to ensure proper function. To understand the interaction of pancreatic β-cells with vascular ECs, we sought to investigate the impact of the spatial distribution on the interaction of human cell line-based β-cells (EndoC-βH3) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). We focused on the evaluation of three major spatial distributions, which can be found within human islets in vivo, in tissue-engineered heterotypic cell spheroids, so-called pseudo-islets, by controlling the aggregation process using magnetic levitation. We report that heterotypic spheroids formed by spontaneous aggregation cannot be maintained in culture due to HUVEC disassembly over time. In contrast, magnetic levitation allows the formation of stable heterotypic spheroids with defined spatial distribution and significantly facilitated HUVEC integration. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that introduces a human-only cell line-based in vitro test system composed of a coculture of β-cells and ECs with a successful stimulation of β-cell secretory function monitored by a glucose-stimulated insulin secretion assays. In addition, we systematically investigate the impact of the spatial distribution on cocultures of human β-cells and ECs, showing that the architecture of pseudo-islets significantly affects β-cell functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Urbanczyk
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Aline Zbinden
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Shannon L Layland
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Garry Duffy
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,The Natural and Medical Sciences Institute (NMI) at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, University of California, Los Angeles, California
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20
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Post A, Diaz-Rodriguez P, Balouch B, Paulsen S, Wu S, Miller J, Hahn M, Cosgriff-Hernandez E. Elucidating the role of graft compliance mismatch on intimal hyperplasia using an ex vivo organ culture model. Acta Biomater 2019; 89:84-94. [PMID: 30878448 PMCID: PMC6558989 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing clinical need to address high failure rates of small diameter (<6 mm) synthetic vascular grafts. Although there is a strong empirical correlation between low patency rates and low compliance of synthetic grafts, the mechanism by which compliance mismatch leads to intimal hyperplasia is poorly understood. To elucidate this relationship, synthetic vascular grafts were fabricated that varied compliance independent of other graft variables. A computational model was then used to estimate changes in fluid flow and wall shear stress as a function of graft compliance. The effect of compliance on arterial remodeling in an ex vivo organ culture model was then examined to identify early markers of intimal hyperplasia. The computational model prediction of low wall shear stress of low compliance grafts and clinical control correlated well with alterations in arterial smooth muscle cell marker, extracellular matrix, and inflammatory marker staining patterns at the distal anastomoses. Conversely, high compliance grafts displayed minimal changes in fluid flow and arterial remodeling, similar to the sham control. Overall, this work supports the intrinsic link between compliance mismatch and intimal hyperplasia and highlights the utility of this ex vivo organ culture model for rapid screening of small diameter vascular grafts. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: We present an ex vivo organ culture model as a means to screen vascular grafts for early markers of intimal hyperplasia, a leading cause of small diameter vascular graft failure. Furthermore, a computational model was used to predict the effect of graft compliance on wall shear stress and then correlate these values to changes in arterial remodeling in the organ culture model. Combined, the ex vivo bioreactor system and computational model provide insight into the mechanistic relationship between graft-arterial compliance mismatch and the onset of intimal hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Post
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Patricia Diaz-Rodriguez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States
| | - Bailey Balouch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States
| | - Samantha Paulsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States
| | - Siliang Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Jordan Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States
| | - Mariah Hahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States.
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21
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Trigiani LJ, Hamel E. An endothelial link between the benefits of physical exercise in dementia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:2649-2664. [PMID: 28617071 PMCID: PMC5536816 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17714655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The current absence of a disease-modifying treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) highlights the necessity for investigating the benefits of non-pharmacological approaches such as physical exercise (PE). Although evidence exists to support an association between regular PE and higher scores on cognitive function tests, and a slower rate of cognitive decline, there is no clear consensus on the underlying molecular mechanisms of the advantages of PE. This review seeks to summarize the positive effects of PE in human and animal studies while highlighting the vascular link between these benefits. Lifestyle factors such as cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, and sleep apnea will be addressed in relation to the risk they pose in developing AD and VCID, as will molecular factors known to have an impact on either the initiation or the progression of AD and/or VCID. This will include amyloid-beta clearance, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, neurogenesis, angiogenesis, glucose metabolism, and white matter integrity. Particularly, this review will address how engaging in PE can counter factors that contribute to disease pathogenesis, and how these alterations are linked to endothelial cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianne J Trigiani
- Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Research, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Edith Hamel
- Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Research, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
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Stolwijk JA, Zhang X, Gueguinou M, Zhang W, Matrougui K, Renken C, Trebak M. Calcium Signaling Is Dispensable for Receptor Regulation of Endothelial Barrier Function. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:22894-22912. [PMID: 27624938 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.756114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial barrier function is tightly regulated by plasma membrane receptors and is crucial for tissue fluid homeostasis; its dysfunction causes disease, including sepsis and inflammation. The ubiquitous activation of Ca2+ signaling upon phospholipase C-coupled receptor ligation leads quite naturally to the assumption that Ca2+ signaling is required for receptor-regulated endothelial barrier function. This widespread hypothesis draws analogy from smooth muscle and proposes the requirement of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-generated Ca2+ signaling in activating the endothelial contractile apparatus and generating interendothelial gaps. Notwithstanding endothelia being non-excitable in nature, the hypothesis of Ca2+-induced endothelial contraction has been invoked to explain actions of GPCR agonists that either disrupt or stabilize endothelial barrier function. Here, we challenge this correlative hypothesis by showing a lack of causal link between GPCR-generated Ca2+ signaling and changes in human microvascular endothelial barrier function. We used three endogenous GPCR agonists: thrombin and histamine, which disrupt endothelial barrier function, and sphingosine-1-phosphate, which stabilizes barrier function. The qualitatively different effects of these three agonists on endothelial barrier function occur independently of Ca2+ entry through the ubiquitous store-operated Ca2+ entry channel Orai1, global Ca2+ entry across the plasma membrane, and Ca2+ release from internal stores. However, disruption of endothelial barrier function by thrombin and histamine requires the Ca2+ sensor stromal interacting molecule-1 (STIM1), whereas sphingosine-1-phosphate-mediated enhancement of endothelial barrier function occurs independently of STIM1. We conclude that although STIM1 is required for GPCR-mediated disruption of barrier function, a causal link between GPCR-induced cytoplasmic Ca2+ increases and acute changes in barrier function is missing. Thus, the cytosolic Ca2+-induced endothelial contraction is a cum hoc fallacy that should be abandoned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Stolwijk
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033.,the Applied Biophysics Inc., Troy, New York 12180
| | - Xuexin Zhang
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Maxime Gueguinou
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Wei Zhang
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| | - Khalid Matrougui
- the Department of Physiological Sciences, East Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507, and
| | | | - Mohamed Trebak
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033,
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23
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Koudelkova P, Weber G, Mikulits W. Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells Escape Senescence by Loss of p19ARF. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142134. [PMID: 26528722 PMCID: PMC4631446 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) represent a highly differentiated cell type that lines hepatic sinusoids. LSECs form a discontinuous endothelium due to fenestrations under physiological conditions, which are reduced upon chronic liver injury. Cultivation of rodent LSECs associates with a rapid onset of stress-induced senescence a few days post isolation, which limits genetic and biochemical studies ex vivo. Here we show the establishment of LSECs isolated from p19ARF-/- mice which undergo more than 50 cell doublings in the absence of senescence. Isolated p19ARF-/- LSECs display a cobblestone-like morphology and show the ability of tube formation. Analysis of DNA content revealed a stable diploid phenotype after long-term passaging without a gain of aneuploidy. Notably, p19ARF-/- LSECs express the endothelial markers CD31, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2, VE-cadherin, von Willebrand factor, stabilin-2 and CD146 suggesting that these cells harbor and maintain an endothelial phenotype. In line, treatment with small molecule inhibitors against VEGFR-2 caused cell death, demonstrating the sustained ability of p19ARF-/- LSECs to respond to anti-angiogenic therapeutics. From these data we conclude that loss of p19ARF overcomes senescence of LSECs, allowing immortalization of cells without losing endothelial characteristics. Thus, p19ARF-/- LSECs provide a novel cellular model to study endothelial cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Koudelkova
- Department of Medicine I, Division: Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Weber
- Department of Medicine I, Division: Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Mikulits
- Department of Medicine I, Division: Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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24
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Lagendijk AK, Yap AS, Hogan BM. Endothelial cell-cell adhesion during zebrafish vascular development. Cell Adh Migr 2015; 8:136-45. [PMID: 24621476 DOI: 10.4161/cam.28229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate vasculature is an essential organ network with major roles in health and disease. The establishment of balanced cell-cell adhesion in the endothelium is crucial for the functionality of the vascular system. Furthermore, the correct patterning and integration of vascular endothelial cell-cell adhesion drives the morphogenesis of new vessels, and is thought to couple physical forces with signaling outcomes during development. Here, we review insights into this process that have come from studies in zebrafish. First, we describe mutants in which endothelial adhesion is perturbed, second we describe recent progress using in vivo cell biological approaches that allow the visualization of endothelial cell-cell junctions. These studies underline the profound potential of this model system to dissect in great detail the function of both known and novel regulators of endothelial cell-cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K Lagendijk
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience; The University of Queensland;Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alpha S Yap
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience; The University of Queensland;Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Benjamin M Hogan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience; The University of Queensland;Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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25
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Kim NH, Jung HI, Choi WS, Son BW, Seo YB, Choi JS, Kim GD. Toluhydroquinone, the secondary metabolite of marine algae symbiotic microorganism, inhibits angiogenesis in HUVECs. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 70:129-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Abstract
The arrival of multicellularity in evolution facilitated cell-cell signaling in conjunction with adhesion. As the ectodomains of cadherins interact with each other directly in trans (as well as in cis), spanning the plasma membrane and associating with multiple other entities, cadherins enable the transduction of "outside-in" or "inside-out" signals. We focus this review on signals that originate from the larger family of cadherins that are inwardly directed to the nucleus, and thus have roles in gene control or nuclear structure-function. The nature of cadherin complexes varies considerably depending on the type of cadherin and its context, and we will address some of these variables for classical cadherins versus other family members. Substantial but still fragmentary progress has been made in understanding the signaling mediators used by varied cadherin complexes to coordinate the state of cell-cell adhesion with gene expression. Evidence that cadherin intracellular binding partners also localize to the nucleus is a major point of interest. In some models, catenins show reduced binding to cadherin cytoplasmic tails favoring their engagement in gene control. When bound, cadherins may serve as stoichiometric competitors of nuclear signals. Cadherins also directly or indirectly affect numerous signaling pathways (e.g., Wnt, receptor tyrosine kinase, Hippo, NFκB, and JAK/STAT), enabling cell-cell contacts to touch upon multiple biological outcomes in embryonic development and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre D McCrea
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Program in Genes & Development, Graduate School in Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - Meghan T Maher
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Cara J Gottardi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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N-cadherin participated in invasion and metastasis of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via taking part in the formation of vasculogenic mimicry. Med Oncol 2015; 32:480. [PMID: 25575439 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0480-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) refers to the unique ability of highly aggressive tumor cells to mimic the pattern of embryonic vasculogenic networks, and the presence of VM correlates to an increased risk of metastasis and poor clinical outcome of cancers. Several key molecules, including N-cadherin, have been implicated in VM. However, the role of N-cadherin in the formation of VM in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) had not been elucidated. In this study, firstly we aimed to identify VM patterns in ESCC tissues and to explore their clinical significance. VM was present in 12 out of 56 samples, and ESCC with lymph node metastasis had a higher incidence of VM than that without lymph node metastasis. More importantly, VM channels were associated with the expression of N-cadherin in ESCC tissues. In order to further explore the role of N-cadherin in VM formation and invasion and metastasis in ESCC, secondly, we silenced the expression of N-cadherin with small hairpin RNA in ESCC cell line KYSE-70; herein, we showed that KYSE-70 cells with N-cadherin silencing lost not only the capacity to form tube-like structures on collagen (VM) but also the invasion, metastasis and proliferation ability in KYSE-70 cells in vitro. Taken together, antivascular therapies targeting tumor cell VM may be an effective approach to the treatment of patients with highly metastatic ESCC.
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28
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Alvarez JI, Saint-Laurent O, Godschalk A, Terouz S, Briels C, Larouche S, Bourbonnière L, Larochelle C, Prat A. Focal disturbances in the blood-brain barrier are associated with formation of neuroinflammatory lesions. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 74:14-24. [PMID: 25448765 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Early changes in the normal appearing white matter of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients precede the appearance of gadolinium-enhancing lesions. Although these findings suggest blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown as an important feature in MS pathogenesis, limited information is available on the BBB alterations during lesion genesis. Here, we perform a longitudinal characterization of the vascular, neuropathological and immunological changes before lesion formation in mice developing spontaneous relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (sRR-EAE). We found a significant upregulation of Th1 and Th17 cytokines in the periphery of sRR-EAE mice before any evident neuropathology. In the CNS, BBB and astroglial activations were the first pathological changes occurring after 45days of age and were followed by immune cell infiltration by day 50. These pathological alterations subsequently led to perivascular demyelination and disease onset. In MS, (p)reactive lesions mirrored the changes seen in early sRR-EAE by displaying considerable BBB disruption, perivascular astrogliosis, redistribution of junctional proteins and increased expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules. Our findings suggest that BBB breach occurs before significant immune cell infiltration and demyelination. In addition, peripheral immune activation during sRR-EAE precedes CNS pathology, suggesting that outside in signaling mechanisms play a role in the development of neuroinflammatory lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Ivan Alvarez
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada.
| | - Olivia Saint-Laurent
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Alisha Godschalk
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Simone Terouz
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Casper Briels
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Sandra Larouche
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Lyne Bourbonnière
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Catherine Larochelle
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Alexandre Prat
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
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29
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Sun Z, Parrish AR, Hill MA, Meininger GA. N-cadherin, A Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell-Cell Adhesion Molecule: Function and Signaling for Vasomotor Control. Microcirculation 2014; 21:208-18. [DOI: 10.1111/micc.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Sun
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center; University of Missouri; Columbia Missouri USA
| | - Alan R. Parrish
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology; University of Missouri; Columbia Missouri USA
| | - Michael A. Hill
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center; University of Missouri; Columbia Missouri USA
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology; University of Missouri; Columbia Missouri USA
| | - Gerald A. Meininger
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center; University of Missouri; Columbia Missouri USA
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology; University of Missouri; Columbia Missouri USA
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30
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Amsellem V, Dryden NH, Martinelli R, Gavins F, Almagro LO, Birdsey GM, Haskard DO, Mason JC, Turowski P, Randi AM. ICAM-2 regulates vascular permeability and N-cadherin localization through ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) proteins and Rac-1 signalling. Cell Commun Signal 2014; 12:12. [PMID: 24593809 PMCID: PMC4015342 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-12-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial junctions control functions such as permeability, angiogenesis and contact inhibition. VE-Cadherin (VECad) is essential for the maintenance of intercellular contacts. In confluent endothelial monolayers, N-Cadherin (NCad) is mostly expressed on the apical and basal membrane, but in the absence of VECad it localizes at junctions. Both cadherins are required for vascular development. The intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-2, also localized at endothelial junctions, is involved in leukocyte recruitment and angiogenesis. Results In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), both VECad and NCad were found at nascent cell contacts of sub-confluent monolayers, but only VECad localized at the mature junctions of confluent monolayers. Inhibition of ICAM-2 expression by siRNA caused the appearance of small gaps at the junctions and a decrease in NCad junctional staining in sub-confluent monolayers. Endothelioma lines derived from WT or ICAM-2-deficient mice (IC2neg) lacked VECad and failed to form junctions, with loss of contact inhibition. Re-expression of full-length ICAM-2 (IC2 FL) in IC2neg cells restored contact inhibition through recruitment of NCad at the junctions. Mutant ICAM-2 lacking the binding site for ERM proteins (IC2 ΔERM) or the cytoplasmic tail (IC2 ΔTAIL) failed to restore junctions. ICAM-2-dependent Rac-1 activation was also decreased in these mutant cell lines. Barrier function, measured in vitro via transendothelial electrical resistance, was decreased in IC2neg cells, both in resting conditions and after thrombin stimulation. This was dependent on ICAM-2 signalling to the small GTPase Rac-1, since transendothelial electrical resistance of IC2neg cells was restored by constitutively active Rac-1. In vivo, thrombin-induced extravasation of FITC-labeled albumin measured by intravital fluorescence microscopy in the mouse cremaster muscle showed that permeability was increased in ICAM-2-deficient mice compared to controls. Conclusions These results indicate that ICAM-2 regulates endothelial barrier function and permeability through a pathway involving N-Cadherin, ERMs and Rac-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna M Randi
- Imperial College for Translational and Experimental Medicine, NHLI Vascular Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12, ONN, UK.
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31
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Kowalczyk AP, Nanes BA. Adherens junction turnover: regulating adhesion through cadherin endocytosis, degradation, and recycling. Subcell Biochem 2014; 60:197-222. [PMID: 22674073 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-4186-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adherens junctions are important mediators of intercellular adhesion, but they are not static structures. They are regularly formed, broken, and rearranged in a variety of situations, requiring changes in the amount of cadherins, the main adhesion molecule in adherens junctions, present at the cell surface. Thus, endocytosis, degradation, and recycling of cadherins are crucial for dynamic regulation of adherens junctions and control of intercellular adhesion. In this chapter, we review the involvement of cadherin endocytosis in development and disease. We discuss the various endocytic pathways available to cadherins, the adaptors involved, and the sorting of internalized cadherin for recycling or lysosomal degradation. In addition, we review the regulatory pathways controlling cadherin endocytosis and degradation, including regulation of cadherin endocytosis by catenins, cadherin ubiquitination, and growth factor receptor signaling pathways. Lastly, we discuss the proteolytic cleavage of cadherins at the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Kowalczyk
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, 30332, Atlanta, GA, USA,
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32
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Shinde AV, Motiani RK, Zhang X, Abdullaev IF, Adam AP, González-Cobos JC, Zhang W, Matrougui K, Vincent PA, Trebak M. STIM1 controls endothelial barrier function independently of Orai1 and Ca2+ entry. Sci Signal 2013; 6:ra18. [PMID: 23512989 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2003425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial barrier function is critical for tissue fluid homeostasis, and its disruption contributes to various pathologies, including inflammation and sepsis. Thrombin is an endogenous agonist that impairs endothelial barrier function. We showed that the thrombin-induced decrease in transendothelial electric resistance of cultured human endothelial cells required the endoplasmic reticulum-localized, calcium-sensing protein stromal interacting molecule 1 (STIM1), but was independent of Ca2+ entry across the plasma membrane and the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channel protein Orai1, which is the target of STIM1 in the store-operated calcium entry pathway. We found that STIM1 coupled the thrombin receptor to activation of the guanosine triphosphatase RhoA, stimulation of myosin light chain phosphorylation, formation of actin stress fibers, and loss of cell-cell adhesion. Thus, STIM1 functions in pathways that are dependent on and independent of Ca2+ entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti V Shinde
- The Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
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Nanes BA, Chiasson-MacKenzie C, Lowery AM, Ishiyama N, Faundez V, Ikura M, Vincent PA, Kowalczyk AP. p120-catenin binding masks an endocytic signal conserved in classical cadherins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 199:365-80. [PMID: 23071156 PMCID: PMC3471230 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201205029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
p120 regulates adhesive junction dynamics through binding to a dual-function motif in classical cadherins that alternately serves as a p120-binding interface and an endocytic signal. p120-catenin (p120) binds to the cytoplasmic tails of classical cadherins and inhibits cadherin endocytosis. Although p120 regulation of cadherin internalization is thought to be important for adhesive junction dynamics, the mechanism by which p120 modulates cadherin endocytosis is unknown. In this paper, we identify a dual-function motif in classical cadherins consisting of three highly conserved acidic residues that alternately serve as a p120-binding interface and an endocytic signal. Mutation of this motif resulted in a cadherin variant that was both p120 uncoupled and resistant to endocytosis. In endothelial cells, in which dynamic changes in adhesion are important components of angiogenesis and inflammation, a vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) mutant defective in endocytosis assembled normally into cell–cell junctions but potently suppressed cell migration in response to vascular endothelial growth factor. These results reveal the mechanistic basis by which p120 stabilizes cadherins and demonstrate that VE-cadherin endocytosis is crucial for endothelial cell migration in response to an angiogenic growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Nanes
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Selective activation of p120ctn-Kaiso signaling to unlock contact inhibition of ARPE-19 cells without epithelial-mesenchymal transition. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36864. [PMID: 22590627 PMCID: PMC3348893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Contact-inhibition ubiquitously exists in non-transformed cells and explains the poor regenerative capacity of in vivo human retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) during aging, injury and diseases. RPE injury or degeneration may unlock mitotic block mediated by contact inhibition but may also promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributing to retinal blindness. Herein, we confirmed that EMT ensued in post-confluent ARPE-19 cells when contact inhibition was disrupted with EGTA followed by addition of EGF and FGF-2 because of activation of canonical Wnt and Smad/ZEB signaling. In contrast, knockdown of p120-catenin (p120) unlocked such mitotic block by activating p120/Kaiso, but not activating canonical Wnt and Smad/ZEB signaling, thus avoiding EMT. Nuclear BrdU labeling was correlated with nuclear release of Kaiso through p120 nuclear translocation, which was associated with activation of RhoA-ROCK signaling, destabilization of microtubules. Prolonged p120 siRNA knockdown followed by withdrawal further expanded RPE into more compact monolayers with a normal phenotype and a higher density. This new strategy based on selective activation of p120/Kaiso but not Wnt/β-catenin signaling obviates the need of using single cells and the risk of EMT, and may be deployed to engineer surgical grafts containing RPE and other tissues.
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35
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Zhu YT, Chen HC, Chen SY, Tseng SCG. Nuclear p120 catenin unlocks mitotic block of contact-inhibited human corneal endothelial monolayers without disrupting adherent junctions. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:3636-48. [PMID: 22505615 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.103267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Contact inhibition ubiquitously exists in non-transformed cells that are in contact with neighboring cells. This phenomenon explains the poor regenerative capacity of in vivo human corneal endothelial cells during aging, injury and surgery. This study demonstrated that the conventional approach of expanding human corneal endothelial cells by disrupting contact inhibition with EDTA followed by bFGF activated canonical Wnt signaling and lost the normal phenotype to endothelial-mesenchymal transition, especially if TGFβ1 was added. By contrast, siRNA against p120 catenin (CTNND1) also uniquely promoted proliferation of the endothelial cells by activating trafficking of p120 catenin to the nucleus, thus relieving repression by nuclear Kaiso. This nuclear p120-catenin-Kaiso signaling is associated with activation of RhoA-ROCK signaling, destabilization of microtubules and inhibition of Hippo signaling, but not with activation of Wnt-β-catenin signaling. Consequently, proliferating human corneal endothelial cells maintained a hexagonal shape, with junctional expression of N-cadherin, ZO-1 and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase. Further expansion of human corneal endothelial monolayers with a normal phenotype and a higher density was possible by prolonging treatment with p120 catenin siRNA followed by its withdrawal. This new strategy of perturbing contact inhibition by selective activation of p120-catenin-Kaiso signaling without disrupting adherent junction could be used to engineer surgical grafts containing normal human corneal endothelial cells to meet a global corneal shortage and for endothelial keratoplasties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ting Zhu
- Research and Development Department, TissueTech Inc, Ocular Surface Center and Ocular Surface Research and Education Foundation, Miami, FL 33173, USA
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36
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Overlapping and divergent signaling pathways of N-cadherin and VE-cadherin in endothelial cells. Blood 2012; 119:2159-70. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-09-381012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) express 2 members of the cadherin family, VE and N-cadherin. Although VE-cadherin induces EC homotypic adhesion, N-cadherin function in ECs remains largely unknown. EC-specific inactivation of either VE or N-cadherin leads to early fetal lethality suggesting that these cadherins play a nonredundant role in vascular development. We report here that VE-cadherin negatively controls junctional localization and expression of N-cadherin by limiting p120-catenin availability and reducing β-catenin transcriptional activity. Using EC lines expressing either VE or N-cadherin we found that both cadherins inhibit cell proliferation and apoptosis. Both trigger the phosphatidylinositol-3-OH-kinase (PI3K)–AKT-Forkhead-box protein-O1 (FoxO1) pathway and reduce β-catenin transcriptional activity. The extent of signaling correlates with the total level of cadherins regardless of the type of cadherin expressed. In contrast, basal and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)–induced cell motility is promoted by N-cadherin and strongly inhibited by VE-cadherin. This opposite effect is partly because of the ability of VE-cadherin to associate with FGF receptor and the density-enhanced phosphatase-1 (Dep-1) which, in turn, inhibits receptor signaling. We conclude that VE and N-cadherin have both additive and divergent effects on ECs. Differences in signaling are due, in part, to cadherin association with growth factor receptors and modulation of their downstream signaling.
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Herron CR, Lowery AM, Hollister PR, Reynolds AB, Vincent PA. p120 regulates endothelial permeability independently of its NH2 terminus and Rho binding. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 300:H36-48. [PMID: 20971762 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00812.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The association of p120-catenin (p120) with the juxtamembrane domain (JMD) of vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin is required to maintain VE-cadherin levels and transendothelial resistance (TEER) of endothelial cell monolayers. To distinguish whether decreased TEER was due to a loss of p120 and not to the decrease in VE-cadherin, we established a system in which p120 was depleted by short hairpin RNA delivered by lentivirus and VE-cadherin was restored via expression of VE-cadherin fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP). Loss of p120 resulted in decreased TEER, which was associated with decreased expression of VE-cadherin, β-catenin, plakoglobin, and α-catenin. Decreased TEER was rescued by restoration of p120 but not by the expression of VE-cadherin-GFP, despite localization of VE-cadherin-GFP at cell-cell borders. Expression of VE-cadherin-GFP restored levels of β-catenin and α-catenin but not plakoglobin, indicating that p120 may be important for recruitment of plakoglobin to the VE-cadherin complex. To evaluate the role of p120 interaction with Rho GTPase in regulating endothelial permeability, we expressed a recombinant form of p120, lacking the NH(2) terminus and containing alanine substitutions, that eliminates binding of Rho to p120. Expression of this isoform restored expression of the adherens junction complex and rescued permeability as measured by TEER. These results demonstrate that p120 is required for maintaining VE-cadherin expression and TEER independently of its NH(2) terminus and its role in regulating Rho.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal R Herron
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
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Gentil-dit-Maurin A, Oun S, Almagro S, Bouillot S, Courçon M, Linnepe R, Vestweber D, Huber P, Tillet E. Unraveling the distinct distributions of VE- and N-cadherins in endothelial cells: A key role for p120-catenin. Exp Cell Res 2010; 316:2587-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Revised: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 06/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Oas RG, Xiao K, Summers S, Wittich KB, Chiasson CM, Martin WD, Grossniklaus HE, Vincent PA, Reynolds AB, Kowalczyk AP. p120-Catenin is required for mouse vascular development. Circ Res 2010; 106:941-51. [PMID: 20110533 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.109.207753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE p120-catenin (p120) is an armadillo family protein that binds to the cytoplasmic domain of classical cadherins and prevents cadherin endocytosis. The role of p120 in vascular development is unknown. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to examine the role of p120 in mammalian vascular development by generating a conditionally mutant mouse lacking endothelial p120 and determining the effects of the knockout on vasculogenesis, angiogenic remodeling, and the regulation of endothelial cadherin levels. METHODS AND RESULTS A conditional Cre/loxP gene deletion strategy was used to ablate p120 expression, using the Tie2 promoter to drive endothelial Cre recombinase expression. Mice lacking endothelial p120 died embryonically beginning at embryonic day 11.5. Major blood vessels appeared normal at embryonic day 9.5. However, both embryonic and extraembryonic vasculature of mutant animals were disorganized and displayed decreased microvascular density by embryonic day 11.5. Importantly, both vascular endothelial cadherin and N-cadherin levels were significantly reduced in vessels lacking p120. This decrease in cadherin expression was accompanied by reduced pericyte recruitment and hemorrhaging. Furthermore, p120-null cultured endothelial cells exhibited proliferation defects that could be rescued by exogenous expression of vascular endothelial cadherin. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal a fundamental role for p120 in regulating endothelial cadherin levels during vascular development, as well as microvascular patterning, vessel integrity, and endothelial cell proliferation. Loss of endothelial p120 results in lethality attributable to decreased microvascular density and hemorrhages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca G Oas
- Department of Cell Biology, 615 Michael St, Room 465, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Adam AP, Sharenko AL, Pumiglia K, Vincent PA. Src-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of VE-cadherin is not sufficient to decrease barrier function of endothelial monolayers. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:7045-55. [PMID: 20048167 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.079277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of Src family kinases (SFK) and the subsequent phosphorylation of VE-cadherin have been proposed as major regulatory steps leading to increases in vascular permeability in response to inflammatory mediators and growth factors. To investigate Src signaling in the absence of parallel signaling pathways initiated by growth factors or inflammatory mediators, we activated Src and SFKs by expression of dominant negative Csk, expression of constitutively active Src, or knockdown of Csk. Activation of SFK by overexpression of dominant negative Csk induced VE-cadherin phosphorylation at tyrosines 658, 685, and 731. However, dominant negative Csk expression was unable to induce changes in the monolayer permeability. In contrast, expression of constitutively active Src decreased barrier function and promoted VE-cadherin phosphorylation on tyrosines 658 and 731, although the increase in VE-cadherin phosphorylation preceded the increase in permeability by 4-6 h. Csk knockdown induced VE-cadherin phosphorylation at sites 658 and 731 but did not induce a loss in barrier function. Co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence studies suggest that phosphorylation of those sites did not impair VE-cadherin ability to bind p120 and beta-catenin or the ability of these proteins to localize at the plasma membrane. Taken together, our data show that Src-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of VE-cadherin is not sufficient to promote an increase in endothelial cell monolayer permeability and suggest that signaling leading to changes in vascular permeability in response to inflammatory mediators or growth factors may require VE-cadherin tyrosine phosphorylation concurrently with other signaling pathways to promote loss of barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro P Adam
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208, USA
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Askmyr M, Sims NA, Martin TJ, Purton LE. What is the true nature of the osteoblastic hematopoietic stem cell niche? Trends Endocrinol Metab 2009; 20:303-9. [PMID: 19595609 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2009.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2009] [Revised: 03/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The recently revitalized interest in the regulation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the bone marrow microenvironment has resulted in the identification of some important cell types that potentially form the HSC niche. The term 'osteoblast' has commonly been used to describe the endosteal elements of the HSC niche, but these cells are part of a larger family that functions in bone at different stages of differentiation. Given that there is much controversy as to what cell types have important roles in the HSC niche, this review offers an overview of the diverse osteoblastic cell types and discusses the current evidence regarding what roles they have in the HSC niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Askmyr
- St Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria, 3065, Australia
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Joshi MB, Kyriakakis E, Pfaff D, Rupp K, Philippova M, Erne P, Resink TJ. Extracellular cadherin repeat domains EC1 and EC5 of T-cadherin are essential for its ability to stimulate angiogenic behavior of endothelial cells. FASEB J 2009; 23:4011-21. [PMID: 19638398 DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-133611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
T-cadherin (T-cad) promotes survival, proliferation, and migration of endothelial cells and induces angiogenesis. We aimed to identify domains of T-cad functionally relevant to its effects on endothelial cell behavior. To specifically target the functional properties of the 5 cadherin repeat domains (EC1-EC5) of T-cad, endothelial cells were transduced with lentivectors containing specific T-cad-domain-deletion mutant constructs (DeltaI, DeltaII, DeltaIII, DeltaIV, DeltaV). Empty (E) lentivector-transduced cells served as control. Similarly to overexpression of native T-cad, cells expressing DeltaII, DeltaIII, or DeltaIV displayed elevated levels of p-Akt and p-GSK3beta and increased proliferation rates (for DeltaII, DeltaIII) vs. E. DeltaI- and DeltaV-transduced cells exhibited reduced levels of p-Akt and p-GSK3beta and retarded growth rates vs. E. Stimulatory effects of native T-cad overexpression on Akt and GSK3beta phosphorylation were dose dependently inhibited by coexpression of DeltaI or DeltaV. Subsequent functional analyses compared only DeltaI-, DeltaII-, and DeltaV-mutant constructs with E as a negative control. Unlike DeltaII cells, DeltaI and DeltaV cells failed to exhibit homophilic ligation and deadhesion responses on a substratum of T-cad protein. In the wound assay, migration was increased for DeltaII cells but impaired for DeltaI and DeltaV cells. In endothelial cell-spheroid assay, angiogenic sprouting was augmented for DeltaII cells but inhibited for DeltaI and DeltaV cells. We conclude that EC1 and EC5 domains of T-cad are essential for its proangiogenic effects. DeltaI and DeltaV constructs may serve as dominant-negative mutants and as potential tools targeting excessive angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjunath B Joshi
- Basel University Hospital, Department of Biomedicine, Laboratory for Signal Transduction, ZLF 316, Hebelstrasse 20, CH 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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Downes M, François M, Ferguson C, Parton RG, Koopman P. Vascular defects in a mouse model of hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia syndrome indicate a role for SOX18 in blood vessel maturation. Hum Mol Genet 2009; 18:2839-50. [PMID: 19429912 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddp219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the transcription factor gene SOX18 cause vascular, lymphatic and hair follicle defects in humans with dominant and recessive forms of hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia (HLT) syndrome. Here, we clarify the role of SOX18 in the vascular dysfunction in HLT by ultrastructural, immunofluorescence, molecular and functional analysis of vascular anomalies in embryos of the naturally occurring Sox18-mutant mouse strain ragged-opossum (Ra(Op)). Early genesis and patterning of vasculature was unimpaired in Ra(Op) embryos, but surface capillaries became enlarged from 12.5 dpc and embryos developed massive surface hemorrhage by 14.5 dpc. Large focal breaches in the endothelial barrier were observed, in addition to endothelial hyperplasia associated with impaired pericyte recruitment to the microvasculature. Expression of the genes encoding the endothelial factors MMP7, IL7R and N-cadherin was reduced in Ra(Op) embryos, suggesting that these are downstream targets of SOX18. Together, our results indicate that vascular anomalies in HLT arise from defects in regulation of genes required for the acquisition of structural integrity during microvascular maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Downes
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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