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Pérez H, Quintero García OJ, Amezcua-Allieri MA, Rodríguez Vázquez R. Nanotechnology as an efficient and effective alternative for wastewater treatment: an overview. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 87:2971-3001. [PMID: 37387425 PMCID: wst_2023_179 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The increase in the surface and groundwater contamination due to global population growth, industrialization, proliferation of pathogens, emerging pollutants, heavy metals, and scarcity of drinking water represents a critical problem. Because of this problem, particular emphasis will be placed on wastewater recycling. Conventional wastewater treatment methods may be limited due to high investment costs or, in some cases, poor treatment efficiency. To address these issues, it is necessary to continuously evaluate novel technologies that complement and improve these traditional wastewater treatment processes. In this regard, technologies based on nanomaterials are also being studied. These technologies improve wastewater management and constitute one of the main focuses of nanotechnology. The following review describes wastewater's primary biological, organic, and inorganic contaminants. Subsequently, it focuses on the potential of different nanomaterials (metal oxides, carbon-based nanomaterials, cellulose-based nanomaterials), membrane, and nanobioremediation processes for wastewater treatment. The above is evident from the review of various publications. However, nanomaterials' cost, toxicity, and biodegradability need to be addressed before their commercial distribution and scale-up. The development of nanomaterials and nanoproducts must be sustainable and safe throughout the nanoproduct life cycle to meet the requirements of the circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heilyn Pérez
- Centro Nacional de Estudios Avanzados de Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07360, Mexico E-mail:
| | - Omar Jasiel Quintero García
- Centro Nacional de Estudios Avanzados de Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Myriam Adela Amezcua-Allieri
- Gerencia de Transformación de Biomasa, Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo, Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas Norte 152, colonia San Bartolo Atepehuacan, Mexico City 07730, Mexico
| | - Refugio Rodríguez Vázquez
- Centro Nacional de Estudios Avanzados de Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
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2
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Prediction of Oil Sorption Capacity on Carbonized Mixtures of Shungite Using Artificial Neural Networks. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11020518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Using the mixture of carbonized rice husk and shungite from the Kazakhstan Koksu deposit and the experimentally determined oil sorption capacity from contaminated soil with oil originating in the Karazhanbas oil field, a set of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models were built for sorption predictions. The ANN architecture design, training, validation and testing methodology were performed, and the sorption capacity prediction was evaluated. The ANN models were successfully trained for capturing the sorption capacity dependence on time and on a carbonized rice husk and shungite mixture ratio for the 10% and 15% oil-contaminated soil. The best trained ANNs revealed a very good prediction capability for the testing data subset, demonstrated by the high coefficient of the determination values of R2 = 0.998 and R2 = 0.981 and the mean absolute percentage errors ranging from 1.60% to 3.16%. Furthermore, the ANN sorption models proved their interpolation ability and utility for predicting the sorption capacity for any time moments in the investigated time interval of 60 days and for new values of the shungite and rice husk mixture ratios. The ANN developed models open opportunities for planning new experiments, maximizing the sorption performance and for the design of dedicated equipment.
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Saravanan A, Kumar PS, Hemavathy RV, Jeevanantham S, Jawahar MJ, Neshaanthini JP, Saravanan R. A review on synthesis methods and recent applications of nanomaterial in wastewater treatment: Challenges and future perspectives. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135713. [PMID: 35843436 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater has been incessantly polluted by various activities such as rapid industrialization, fast growth of population and agricultural activities. Water pollution is considered as one the major threatens to human health and aquatic bodies which causes various severe harmful diseases including gastrointestinal disorders, asthma, cancer, etc. The polluted wastewater could be treated by different conventional and advanced methodologies. Amongst them, adsorption is the most utilized low cost, efficient technique to treat and remove the harmful pollutants from the wastewater. The efficiency of adsorption mainly depends on the surface properties such as functional group availability and surface area of the adsorbents used. Since various waste-based carbon derivatives are utilized as adsorbents for harmful pollutants removal; nanomaterials are employed as effective adsorbents in recent times due to its excellent surface properties. This review presents an overview of the different types of nanomaterials such as nano-particles, nanotubes, nano-sheets, nano-rods, nano-spheres, quantum dots, etc. which have been synthesized by different chemical and green synthesis methodologies using plants, microorganisms, biomolecules and carbon derivatives, metals and metal oxides and polymers. By concentrating on potential research difficulties, this study offers a new viewpoint on fundamental field of nanotechnology for wastewater treatment applications. This review paper critically reviewed the synthesis of nanomaterials more importantly green synthesis and their applications in wastewater treatment to remove the harmful pollutants such as heavy metals, dyes, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saravanan
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, 602105, Chennai, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, 603110, Chennai, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India.
| | - R V Hemavathy
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi College of Engineering, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - S Jeevanantham
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi College of Engineering, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - Marie Jyotsna Jawahar
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi College of Engineering, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - J P Neshaanthini
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi College of Engineering, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - R Saravanan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
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Mousazadeh M, Kabdaşlı I, Khademi S, Sandoval MA, Moussavi SP, Malekdar F, Gilhotra V, Hashemi M, Dehghani MH. A critical review on the existing wastewater treatment methods in the COVID-19 era: What is the potential of advanced oxidation processes in combatting viral especially SARS-CoV-2? JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING 2022; 49:103077. [PMID: 35990175 PMCID: PMC9381433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2022.103077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 epidemic has put the risk of virus contamination in water bodies on the horizon of health authorities. Hence, finding effective ways to remove the virus, especially SARS-CoV-2, from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has emerged as a hot issue in the last few years. Herein, this study first deals with the fate of SARS-CoV-2 genetic material in WWTPs, then critically reviews and compares different wastewater treatment methods for combatting COVID-19 as well as to increase the water quality. This critical review sheds light the efficiency of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) to inactivate virus, specially SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Although several physicochemical treatment processes (e.g. activated sludge) are commonly used to eliminate pathogens, AOPs are the most versatile and effective virus inactivation methods. For instance, TiO2 is the most known and widely studied photo-catalyst innocuously utilized to degrade pollutants as well as to photo-induce bacterial and virus disinfection due to its high chemical resistance and efficient photo-activity. When ozone is dissolved in water and wastewater, it generates a wide spectrum of the reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are responsible to degrade materials in virus membranes resulting in destroying the cell wall. Furthermore, electrochemical advanced oxidation processes act through direct oxidation when pathogens react at the anode surface or by indirect oxidation through oxidizing species produced in the bulk solution. Consequently, they represent a feasible choice for the inactivation of a wide range of pathogens. Nonetheless, there are some challenges with AOPs which should be addressed for application at industrial-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Mousazadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Işık Kabdaşlı
- İstanbul Technical University, Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Ayazağa Campus, 34469 Maslak, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Sara Khademi
- Health, Safety, and Environment Specialist, North Drilling Company, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Miguel Angel Sandoval
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile USACH, Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Laboratorio de Electroquímica Medio Ambiental, LEQMA, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile
- Universidad de Guanajuato, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Noria Alta S/N, 36050, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | - Fatemeh Malekdar
- Department of Foot and Mouth Disease Vaccine Production, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Vishakha Gilhotra
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Marjan Hashemi
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Dehghani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Institute for Environmental Research, Center for Solid Waste Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Brindha R, Rajeswari S, Jennet Debora J, Rajaguru P. Evaluation of global research trends in photocatalytic degradation of dye effluents using scientometrics analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 318:115600. [PMID: 35772271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalysis technology is observed to be an effective approach for its outstanding performance to eliminate wide range of organic pollutants including dyes in textile effluent. Despite growing number of studies, there is no scientometric perspective addressing the research topic "photocatalytic degradation of dye effluents". In this regard, a total of 954 documents were extracted from the Web of Science (WoS) database using keywords search to cover all the published documents during the period 1996-2020. Publications in this area started to increase exponentially from year 2007. The most dominant subject categories were Engineering, Chemistry and Environmental Science & Ecology. Applied Catalysis B-Environmental and Desalination & Water Treatment were identified as the most-impactful and productive journals respectively. Authors based in India accounted for 29.6% of total publications followed by China (14.2%); but in terms of citations Spain and Italy were more influential. Based on keyword analysis, azo dyes, TiO2, nanoparticles, adsorption, methylene blue, visible light, ZnO and kinetics are the most studied, and visible light mediated photocatalysis, hybrid treatment systems, nano based photocatalysis and more recently, metal based photocatalysis, have received most attention. Studies on cost and energy analysis, recovery of value-added products, development of more efficient photocatalytic materials and new photocatalyst regeneration approaches should be considered for future research. This study therefore, provides a comprehensive understanding about the trends and patterns of the specified research field worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Brindha
- Department of Biotechnology, University College of Engineering, BIT Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - S Rajeswari
- Department of Library, University College of Engineering, BIT Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - J Jennet Debora
- Department of Biotechnology, University College of Engineering, BIT Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, 620 024, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - P Rajaguru
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamilnadu, Thiruvarur, 610005, Tamilnadu, India.
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Kishore S, Malik S, Shah MP, Bora J, Chaudhary V, Kumar L, Sayyed RZ, Ranjan A. A comprehensive review on removal of pollutants from wastewater through microbial nanobiotechnology -based solutions. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022:1-26. [PMID: 35923085 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2106014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Increasing wastewater pollution owing to the briskly rising human population, rapid industrialization, and fast urbanization has necessitated highly efficient wastewater treatment technologies. Although several methods of wastewater treatments are in practice, expensiveness, use of noxious chemicals, generation of unsafe by-products, and longer time consumption restrain their use to a great extent. Over the last few decades, nanotechnological wastewater treatment approaches have received widespread recognition globally. Microbially fabricated nanoparticles reduce the utilization of reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents, and exhibit higher adsorptive and catalytic efficiency than chemically synthesized nanomaterials. The present review comprehensively summarizes the applications of microbial nanotechnology in the removal of a wide range of noxious wastewater pollutants. Moreover, prospects and challenges associated with the integration of nanotechnology with other biological treatment technologies including algal-membrane bioreactor, aerobic digestion, microbial fuel cells, and microbial nanofiber webs have also been briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shristi Kishore
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, India
| | - Sumira Malik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, India
| | | | - Jutishna Bora
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, India
| | - Vishal Chaudhary
- Research Cell & Department of Physics, Bhagini Nivedita College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Lamha Kumar
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Riyaz Z Sayyed
- Department of Microbiology, PSGVP Mandal's Arts, Science and Commerce College, Shahada, India
| | - Anuj Ranjan
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
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Ecofriendly synthesis and characterization of Ni 2+ codoped silica magnesium zirconium copper nanoceramics for wastewater treatment applications. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9855. [PMID: 35701523 PMCID: PMC9198069 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13785-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This article investigates the effect of Ni2+ content on structural (XRD, XPS), morphological (TEM), and magnetic behaviors of silica magnesium zirconium copper nanoceramics calcined at 800 °C. The sol–gel route is followed for the silica magnesium zirconium copper/(0.0–0.7) Ni2+ samples preparation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is employed to analyze the chemical states of elements for the samples. The three representative binding energy magnitudes for O, Ni, and Cu reside at 534, 857, and 979 eV, consecutively. The saturation magnetization constricts with the elevation of Ni2+ content, while the magnetic hysteresis loop resembles the superparamagnetic attitude. The optical spectra present the possibility of direct and indirect transitions in the prepared nanoceramics. Energy gap (value and type), refractive index, and real and imaginary dielectric constant were extracted. The energy gap approaches 3.75 eV and 3.71 eV for direct and indirect transitions correspondingly with (0.7) Ni2+. The antimicrobial and the toxicity performance of all inspected nanocomposites were conducted against pathogenic microbes. The attained results evidenced that SMZC-0.7Ni possesses energetic antimicrobial potential against all targeted microbes. The investigated SMZC-0.7Ni nanocomposite functioned to eradicate frequent waterborne pathogens in wastewater at an appropriate dose (100 mg/L), demonstrating that SMZC can be utilized as a competent disinfectant in the municipal wastewater decontamination process. Inherently, SMZC-0.7Ni can be employed as an excellent nano-weapon against multiple dangerous microorganisms.
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Kheiri K, Sohrabi N, Mohammadi R, Amini-Fazl MS. Preparation and characterization of magnetic nanohydrogel based on chitosan for 5-fluorouracil drug delivery and kinetic study. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 202:191-198. [PMID: 35033524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is currently used for most cancer treatments, but one of the significant problems of this treatment is that it affects the healthy tissues of the body. Therefore, designing new systems for the intelligent and controlled release of these drugs in cancer tissues is one of the major challenges in the world. Hence, today, huge costs are spent designing appropriate new drug delivery systems (DDS) with controlled drug release. In this study, chitosan-polyacrylic acid encapsulated Fe3O4 magnetic nanogelic core-shell (Fe3O4@CS-PAA) was synthesized in the presence of glutaraldehyde used for loaded anticancer 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) drug. Also, the prepared Fe3O4@CS-PAA was characterized by using FT-IR, SEM, XRD, and VSM analysis. Then, drug delivery tests were carried out in the in-vitro conditions that are the simulated physiological environment and tumor tissue conditions. The drug release tests indicated that the Fe3O4@CS-PAA upgraded the rate of 5-FU release from nanogelic core-shell under tumor tissue conditions (pH 4.5) than physiological environments (pH 7.4). In addition, various models were used to investigate the drug release mechanism. Results of modeling studies of drug release showed the mechanism of 5-FU release from Fe3O4@CS-PAA controlled by Fickian diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Kheiri
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Negin Sohrabi
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Mohammadi
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Amini-Fazl
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Material, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
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Shahcheraghi N, Golchin H, Sadri Z, Tabari Y, Borhanifar F, Makani S. Nano-biotechnology, an applicable approach for sustainable future. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:65. [PMID: 35186662 PMCID: PMC8828840 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is one of the most emerging fields of research within recent decades and is based upon the exploitation of nano-sized materials (e.g., nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanomembranes, nanowires, nanofibers and so on) in various operational fields. Nanomaterials have multiple advantages, including high stability, target selectivity, and plasticity. Diverse biotic (e.g., Capsid of viruses and algae) and abiotic (e.g., Carbon, silver, gold and etc.) materials can be utilized in the synthesis process of nanomaterials. "Nanobiotechnology" is the combination of nanotechnology and biotechnology disciplines. Nano-based approaches are developed to improve the traditional biotechnological methods and overcome their limitations, such as the side effects caused by conventional therapies. Several studies have reported that nanobiotechnology has remarkably enhanced the efficiency of various techniques, including drug delivery, water and soil remediation, and enzymatic processes. In this review, techniques that benefit the most from nano-biotechnological approaches, are categorized into four major fields: medical, industrial, agricultural, and environmental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikta Shahcheraghi
- Department of Engineering, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasti Golchin
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, No.43.South Moffateh Ave., 15719-14911 Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Sadri
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, No.43.South Moffateh Ave., 15719-14911 Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Tabari
- Faculty of Sciences and Advanced Technologies, Science and Culture University, 1461968151 Tehran, Iran
| | - Forough Borhanifar
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, No.43.South Moffateh Ave., 15719-14911 Tehran, Iran
| | - Shadi Makani
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, No.43.South Moffateh Ave., 15719-14911 Tehran, Iran
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González-López ME, Laureano-Anzaldo CM, Pérez-Fonseca AA, Arellano M, Robledo-Ortíz JR. A Critical Overview of Adsorption Models Linearization: Methodological and Statistical Inconsistencies. SEPARATION & PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2021.1951757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martín E. González-López
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara,Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | - Aida A. Pérez-Fonseca
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara,Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Martín Arellano
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara,Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jorge R. Robledo-Ortíz
- Departamento de Madera, Celulosa y Papel, CUCEI, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
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Saawarn B, Hait S. Occurrence, fate and removal of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater: Current knowledge and future perspectives. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021; 9:104870. [PMID: 33282675 PMCID: PMC7706426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2020.104870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a pandemic of global concern, is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Recently, many studies have documented the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in human excreta and wastewater. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in human excreta and wastewater poses serious implications for wastewater treatment. Thus, this review aims to understand the fate of SARS-CoV-2 in the urban water cycle and its inactivation in different stages of treatment in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) for effective control to prevent any recurrence of the outbreak. The viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in feces of individuals tested positive has been reported to be in the range of 104-108 copies/L depending on the infection stages. In the wastewater, dilution of feces results in the decrease of the viral load in the range of 102-106.5 copies/L. Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 in WWTP samples following the wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) can complement real epidemiological data from clinical testing to help to monitor disease outbreaks in a community. Though promising, high uncertainty involved with the WBE technique warrants further research for reliable and quantitative information. Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 in WWTPs depends on the operational parameters and is generally enhanced by the tertiary treatment and disinfection techniques with a higher dosage. However, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 dissemination by the treated effluent intended to be disposed of or reused in the urban water cycle needs to be assessed with respect to the extent of viral infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavini Saawarn
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar 801 106, India
| | - Subrata Hait
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar 801 106, India
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Lesimple A, Jasim SY, Johnson DJ, Hilal N. The role of wastewater treatment plants as tools for SARS-CoV-2 early detection and removal. JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING 2020; 38:101544. [PMID: 38620686 PMCID: PMC7377730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The world is facing the third coronavirus caused pandemic in less than twenty years. The SARS-CoV-2 virus not only affects the human respiratory system, but also the gastrointestinal tract. The virus has been found in human feces, in sewage and in wastewater treatment plants. It has the potential to become a panzootic disease, as it is now proven that several mammalian species become infected. Since it has been shown that the virus can be detected in sewage even before the onset of symptoms in the local population, Wastewater Based Epidemiology should be developed not only to localize infection clusters of the primary wave but also to detect a potential second, or subsequent, wave. To prevent a panzootic, virus removal techniques from wastewater need to be implemented to prevent the virus dissemination into the environment. In that context, this review presents recent improvements in all the fields of wastewater treatment from treatment ponds to the use of algae or nanomaterials with a particular emphasis on membrane-based techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Lesimple
- NYUAD Water Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saad Y Jasim
- SJ Environmental Consultants (Windsor) Inc., 4483 Cherry Hill Road, Windsor, Ontario, N9G 2W3 Canada
| | - Daniel J Johnson
- Centre for Water Advanced Technologies and Environmental Research (CWATER), College of Engineering, Swansea University, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom
| | - Nidal Hilal
- NYUAD Water Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Khan FSA, Mubarak NM, Khalid M, Walvekar R, Abdullah EC, Mazari SA, Nizamuddin S, Karri RR. Magnetic nanoadsorbents' potential route for heavy metals removal-a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:24342-24356. [PMID: 32306264 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08711-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to the rapid growth in the heavy metal-based industries, their effluent and local dumping have created significant environmental issues. In the past, typically, removal of heavy metals was handled by reverse osmosis and ion exchange techniques, but these methods have many disadvantages. Therefore, extensive work into the development of improved techniques has increased, especially for heavy metal removal. Many countries are currently researching new materials and techniques based on nanotechnology for various applications that involve extracting heavy metals from different water sources such as wastewater, groundwater, drinking water and surface water. Nanotechnology provides the possibility of enhancing existing techniques to tackle problems more efficiently. The development in nanotechnology has led to the discovery of many new materials such as magnetic nanoparticles. These nanoparticles demonstrate excellent properties such as surface-volume ratio, higher surface area, low toxicity and easy separation. Besides, magnetic nanoparticles can be easily and efficiently recovered after adsorption compared with other typical adsorbents. This review mainly emphasises on the efficiency of heavy metal removal using magnetic nanoadsorbent from aqueous solution. In addition, an in-depth analysis of the synthesis, characterisation and modification approaches of magnetic nanoparticles is systematically presented. Furthermore, future opportunities and challenges of using magnetic particles as an adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Saleem Ahmed Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rashmi Walvekar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ezzat Chan Abdullah
- Department of Chemical Process Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shaukat A Mazari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Rama Rao Karri
- Petroleum, and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
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