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Li S, Fasipe B, Laher I. Potential harms of supplementation with high doses of antioxidants in athletes. J Exerc Sci Fit 2022; 20:269-275. [PMID: 35812825 PMCID: PMC9241084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ismail Laher
- University of British Columbia, Canada
- Corresponding author.
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2
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Muscella A, My G, Okba S, Zangla D, Bianco A, Marsigliante S. Effects of training on plasmatic cortisol and testosterone in football female referees. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15291. [PMID: 35510312 PMCID: PMC9069163 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is very little about the impact that sports training has on female football referees. Therefore, we determined the effects of a 40-week physical preparation, including a full football season, on plasma testosterone and cortisol concentrations and physical performance in female football referees. Plasma cortisol and testosterone concentrations were assayed together with fitness tests at the beginning of the training period (T0, in September), after 8 weeks from T0 (T1), at the mid of the season (T2, 24 weeks after T0), and at the end of the season (T3, in June, 40 weeks after T0). Plasma cortisol increased during the first period and up to T2 (from 15.4 ± 4.7 to 28.5 ± 3.9 µg/dl; p < 0.001), and then decreased at the end of the season (T3: 16.0 ± 2.4 µg/dl). Plasma testosterone concentration in T0 was 14.2±0.37 µg/dl and increased in T1 (57.1 ± 3.7 µg/dl) and T2 (47 ± 3.7 µg/dl) and then decreased in T3 (33.5 ± 2.8 µg/dl). Resting testosterone levels in women were very low (14,2 ± 0.37 µg/dl) (Figure 3c). Testosterone increased in T1 (57.1 ± 3.7 µg/dl) and T2 (47 ± 3.7 µg/dl) whilst, at the end of the season, its concentration decreased (33.5 ± 2.8 µg/dl) (Figure 3c). Significant improvements were observed in all physical performances during the observed period (ANOVA, p < 0.05). Finally, testosterone and cortisol concentrations significantly (p < 0.0001 for both) correlated with maximal oxygen consumption. In T1, testosterone concentration was also significantly correlated with running speed test (p < 0.001). In conclusion, training induces endocrine changes in order to maintain body homeostasis in women referees. It is important that coaches and sports scientists regularly observe changes in endocrine function induced by training and matches in female referees, because they can help maximize referees' performance and limit cases of overtraining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Muscella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.)University of SalentoLecceItaly
| | - Giulia My
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.)University of SalentoLecceItaly
| | - Selmi Okba
- Higher Institute of Sports and Physical Education of KefUniversity of JendoubaJendoubaTunisia
| | - Daniele Zangla
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research UnitDepartment of Psychology, Educational Science and Human MovementUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Antonino Bianco
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research UnitDepartment of Psychology, Educational Science and Human MovementUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Santo Marsigliante
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.)University of SalentoLecceItaly
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Muscella A, Stefàno E, Di Maglie A, Marsigliante S. Referees' physical performance over a soccer season. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-020-00655-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Setiawan MI, Susanto H, Kartasurya MI. Milk protein consumption improves muscle performance and total antioxidant status in young soccer athletes: a randomized controlled trial. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF INDONESIA 2020. [DOI: 10.13181/mji.oa.202872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle performance and antioxidant balance are closely related to an athlete achievement. Milk proteins (whey and casein) contain essential and non-essential amino acids, which benefit muscle performance through increased antioxidant levels. This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of milk protein on muscle performance and total antioxidant status (TAS) in soccer athletes.
METHODS A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 20 males 16- to 18-year-old athletes at the Central Java Soccer Club in January 2018. For 28 days, the treatment group received 24 g/d of milk protein and the control group received 24 g/d of maltodextrin. Muscle performance was measured through a 20-m sprint, shuttle run, Illinois run, standing broad jump, sit-ups, push-ups, sit-and-reach test, and one-repetition maximum (1RM) leg extension. TAS was analyzed using the 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) method.
RESULTS The treatment group had a decreased shuttle run time (-0.16 [0.11] versus 0.08 [0.14] sec), greater increase in sit-ups (6.80 [2.57] versus 1.10 [2.84] times/60 sec), greater increase in push-ups (2.40 [1.78] versus 0.30 [1.77] times/60 sec), and greater increase in 1RM leg extension (32.00 [13.78] versus 3.50 [13.75] kg). After adjustments for age, energy intake, carbohydrates, and pre-interventional performance, these parameters remained significantly improved after the intervention of milk protein. The TAS increase was greater in the treatment group than in the control group (0.36 [0.32] versus -0.12 [0.20] mmol/l) before and after adjustment for age, vitamin C, iron, selenium intake, and TAS pre-treatment.
CONCLUSIONS Milk protein supplementation for 28 days increased muscle performance and TAS.
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Tzatzakis T, Papanikolaou K, Draganidis D, Tsimeas P, Kritikos S, Poulios A, Laschou VC, Deli CK, Chatzinikolaou A, Batrakoulis A, Basdekis G, Mohr M, Krustrup P, Jamurtas AZ, Fatouros IG. Recovery Kinetics After Speed-Endurance Training in Male Soccer Players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2020; 15:395-408. [PMID: 31751937 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2018-0984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the recovery kinetics of performance, muscle damage, and neuromuscular fatigue following 2 speed-endurance production training (SEPT) protocols in soccer. METHODS Ten well-trained, male soccer athletes randomly completed 3 trials: work-to-rest ratio (SEPT) 1:5, SEPT/1:8, and a control trial. Training load during SEPT was monitored using global positioning system and heart-rate monitors. Performance (isokinetic strength of knee extensors and flexors, speed, and countermovement jump) and muscle damage (delayed-onset muscle soreness [DOMS] and creatine kinase) were evaluated at baseline and at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h posttraining. Maximal voluntary contraction (fatigue index) of knee extensors and flexors was additionally assessed at 1, 2, and 3 h posttraining. RESULTS Fatigue increased (P < .05) in SEPT/1:5 (∼4-30%) for 3 h and in SEPT/1:8 (∼8-17%) for 2 h. Strength performance declined (P < .05) in both SEPT trials (∼5-20%) for 48 h. Speed decreased (∼4-18%; P < .05) for 72 h in SEPT/1:5 and for 48 h in SEPT/1:8. Countermovement-jump performance decreased (∼7-12%; P < .05) in both SEPT trials for 24 h. DOMS increased (P < .05) in SEPT/1:5 (∼2-fold) for 72 and in SEPT/1:8 (∼1- to 2-fold) for 48 h. Creatine kinase increased (∼1- to 2-fold, P < .05) in both SEPT trials for 72 h. CONCLUSIONS SEPT induces short-term neuromuscular fatigue; provokes a prolonged deterioration of strength (48 h), speed (72 h), and jump performance (24 h); and is associated with a prolonged (72-h) rise of DOMS and creatine kinase. Time for recovery is reduced when longer work-to-rest ratios are applied. Fitness status may affect quality of SEPT and recovery kinetics.
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Dhama K, Latheef SK, Dadar M, Samad HA, Munjal A, Khandia R, Karthik K, Tiwari R, Yatoo MI, Bhatt P, Chakraborty S, Singh KP, Iqbal HMN, Chaicumpa W, Joshi SK. Biomarkers in Stress Related Diseases/Disorders: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Values. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:91. [PMID: 31750312 PMCID: PMC6843074 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Various internal and external factors negatively affect the homeostatic equilibrium of organisms at the molecular to the whole-body level, inducing the so-called state of stress. Stress affects an organism's welfare status and induces energy-consuming mechanisms to combat the subsequent ill effects; thus, the individual may be immunocompromised, making them vulnerable to pathogens. The information presented here has been extensively reviewed, compiled, and analyzed from authenticated published resources available on Medline, PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Direct, and other scientific databases. Stress levels can be monitored by the quantitative and qualitative measurement of biomarkers. Potential markers of stress include thermal stress markers, such as heat shock proteins (HSPs), innate immune markers, such as Acute Phase Proteins (APPs), oxidative stress markers, and chemical secretions in the saliva and urine. In addition, stress biomarkers also play critical roles in the prognosis of stress-related diseases and disorders, and therapy guidance. Moreover, different components have been identified as potent mediators of cardiovascular, central nervous system, hepatic, and nephrological disorders, which can also be employed to evaluate these conditions precisely, but with stringent validation and specificity. Considerable scientific advances have been made in the detection, quantitation, and application of these biomarkers. The present review describes the current progress of identifying biomarkers, their prognostic, and therapeutic values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Shyma K. Latheef
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hari Abdul Samad
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Ashok Munjal
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Rekha Khandia
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, India
| | - Mohd. Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Prakash Bhatt
- Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Sandip Chakraborty
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Agartala, India
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunil Kumar Joshi
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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7
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Dhama K, Latheef SK, Dadar M, Samad HA, Munjal A, Khandia R, Karthik K, Tiwari R, Yatoo MI, Bhatt P, Chakraborty S, Singh KP, Iqbal HMN, Chaicumpa W, Joshi SK. Biomarkers in Stress Related Diseases/Disorders: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Values. Front Mol Biosci 2019. [PMID: 31750312 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Various internal and external factors negatively affect the homeostatic equilibrium of organisms at the molecular to the whole-body level, inducing the so-called state of stress. Stress affects an organism's welfare status and induces energy-consuming mechanisms to combat the subsequent ill effects; thus, the individual may be immunocompromised, making them vulnerable to pathogens. The information presented here has been extensively reviewed, compiled, and analyzed from authenticated published resources available on Medline, PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Direct, and other scientific databases. Stress levels can be monitored by the quantitative and qualitative measurement of biomarkers. Potential markers of stress include thermal stress markers, such as heat shock proteins (HSPs), innate immune markers, such as Acute Phase Proteins (APPs), oxidative stress markers, and chemical secretions in the saliva and urine. In addition, stress biomarkers also play critical roles in the prognosis of stress-related diseases and disorders, and therapy guidance. Moreover, different components have been identified as potent mediators of cardiovascular, central nervous system, hepatic, and nephrological disorders, which can also be employed to evaluate these conditions precisely, but with stringent validation and specificity. Considerable scientific advances have been made in the detection, quantitation, and application of these biomarkers. The present review describes the current progress of identifying biomarkers, their prognostic, and therapeutic values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Shyma K Latheef
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hari Abdul Samad
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Ashok Munjal
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Rekha Khandia
- Department of Genetics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan, Mathura, India
| | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Prakash Bhatt
- Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Sandip Chakraborty
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Agartala, India
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunil Kumar Joshi
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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8
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Nocella C, Cammisotto V, Pigozzi F, Borrione P, Fossati C, D'Amico A, Cangemi R, Peruzzi M, Gobbi G, Ettorre E, Frati G, Cavarretta E, Carnevale R. Impairment between Oxidant and Antioxidant Systems: Short- and Long-term Implications for Athletes' Health. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1353. [PMID: 31208096 PMCID: PMC6627820 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of oxidative stress, an imbalance between reactive oxygen species production (ROS) and antioxidants, has been described in several patho-physiological conditions, including cardiovascular, neurological diseases and cancer, thus impacting on individuals' lifelong health. Diet, environmental pollution, and physical activity can play a significant role in the oxidative balance of an organism. Even if physical training has proved to be able to counteract the negative effects caused by free radicals and to provide many health benefits, it is also known that intensive physical activity induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and free radical-mediated muscle damage. Indeed, variations in type, intensity, and duration of exercise training can activate different patterns of oxidant-antioxidant balance leading to different responses in terms of molecular and cellular damage. The aim of the present review is to discuss (1) the role of oxidative status in athletes in relation to exercise training practice, (2) the implications for muscle damage, (3) the long-term effect for neurodegenerative disease manifestations, (4) the role of antioxidant supplementations in preventing oxidative damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Nocella
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Vittoria Cammisotto
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Speciality Paride Stefanini, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Fabio Pigozzi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135 Rome, Italy.
| | - Paolo Borrione
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135 Rome, Italy.
| | - Chiara Fossati
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra D'Amico
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135 Rome, Italy.
| | - Roberto Cangemi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Mariangela Peruzzi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy.
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Giuliana Gobbi
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T.), Anatomy and Histology Unit, University of Parma, Ospedale Maggiore, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Evaristo Ettorre
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy.
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli IS, Italy.
| | - Elena Cavarretta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy.
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy.
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122 Napoli, Italy.
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Antonioni A, Fantini C, Dimauro I, Caporossi D. Redox homeostasis in sport: do athletes really need antioxidant support? Res Sports Med 2018; 27:147-165. [PMID: 30596287 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2018.1563899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Supplementation with antioxidants received interest as suitable tool for preventing or reducing exercise-related oxidative stress possibly leading to improvement of sport performance in athletes. To date, it is difficult to reach a conclusion on the relevance of antioxidants supplementation in athletes and/or well-trained people. The general picture that emerges from the available data indicates that antioxidants requirement can be covered by dosage equal or close to the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) provided by consumption of a balanced, well-diversified diet. Nevertheless, it remains open the possibility that in specific context, such as in sports characterized by high intensity and/or exhaustive regimes, supplementation with antioxidants could be appropriated to avoid or reduce the damaging effect of these type of exercise. This review will discuss the findings of a number of key studies on the advantages and/or disadvantages for athletes of using antioxidants supplementation, either individually or in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambra Antonioni
- a Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences , University of Rome "Foro Italico" , Rome , Italy
| | - Cristina Fantini
- a Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences , University of Rome "Foro Italico" , Rome , Italy
| | - Ivan Dimauro
- a Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences , University of Rome "Foro Italico" , Rome , Italy
| | - Daniela Caporossi
- a Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences , University of Rome "Foro Italico" , Rome , Italy
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10
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Francavilla VC, Vitale F, Ciaccio M, Bongiovanni T, Marotta C, Caldarella R, Todaro L, Zarcone M, Muratore R, Bellia C, Francavilla G, Mazzucco W. Use of Saliva in Alternative to Serum Sampling to Monitor Biomarkers Modifications in Professional Soccer Players. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1828. [PMID: 30618836 PMCID: PMC6306404 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the correlation between serum and salivary concentrations of steroid hormones and IgA, and the variation in concentrations of these biomarkers, across a soccer competitive season in a sample of players playing for an Italian major League team. Thirty-five elite male soccer players were recruited and assessed for salivary hormones (cortisol, testosterone, T/C‰ and DHEA-S) and IgA at three different time-points: (t1) after the pre-season period and 16 official matches played; (t2) after a winter break and three official matches played; (t3) 2 days after the final match of the championship and 19 matches played. Players were also tested for blood biomarkers (ser-C, ser-T, ser-T/C‰, ser-IgA, ACTH) at two detection times (t1 and t3). Blood samples were collected immediately after saliva sampling. The Spearman’s rank correlation was used to explore the correlation between blood and salivary concentrations of cortisol, free testosterone and IgA in the different time points. One-way ANOVA and permutation test were performed to explore changes by time of hormones and IgA concentrations over the competitive season. We documented a positive correlation between serum and saliva concentrations for Cortisol at t1 (+58.2%; p-value = 0.002) and t3 (+54.2%; p-value = 0.018) and for Testosterone at t1 (+42.0%; p-value = 0.033). Moreover, a positive variation was documented across the season (D = t3–t1) for Cortisol (D = +6.83; SEM = ±2.70; Var% = +37.6; p-value = 0.032), Testosterone (D = +0.33; SEM = ±0.07; Var% = +27.3; p-value = 0.002) and DHEA-S (D = +44.48; SEM = ±18.54; Var% = +82.0; p-value = 0.042), while a decrease of sal-T/C ratio and no variation in salivary IgA concentrations were reported. In conclusion, our findings support for experimental use of saliva samples to monitor steroid hormones modifications in professional soccer players across a competitive season.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesco Vitale
- Department of Science for Health Promotion and Mother to Child Care "G. D'Alessandro," University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marcello Ciaccio
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, "P. Giaccone" University Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Tindaro Bongiovanni
- Nutrition, Hydration & Body Composition Department, Parma Calcio 1913, Parma, Italy
| | - Claudia Marotta
- Department of Science for Health Promotion and Mother to Child Care "G. D'Alessandro," University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosalia Caldarella
- Complex Unit of Laboratory Medicine, "P. Giaccone" University Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Zarcone
- Clinical Epidemiology and Cancer Registry Unit, "P. Giaccone" University Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Muratore
- Complex Unit of Laboratory Medicine, "P. Giaccone" University Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Bellia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, "P. Giaccone" University Hospital, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Francavilla
- Department of Surgical, Anatomical and Oncological Disciplines, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Walter Mazzucco
- Department of Science for Health Promotion and Mother to Child Care "G. D'Alessandro," University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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11
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Viana-Gomes D, Rosa F, Mello R, Paz G, Miranda H, Salerno V. Oxidative stress, muscle and liver cell damage in professional soccer players during a 2-game week schedule. Sci Sports 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Clemente FM, Sarmento H, Rabbani A, Van Der Linden CMIN, Kargarfard M, Costa IT. Variations of external load variables between medium- and large-sided soccer games in professional players. Res Sports Med 2018; 27:50-59. [PMID: 30129780 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2018.1511560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study compared the relative physical demands of official matches and sided games (medium and large) in professional soccer players by means of a global positioning system. Twenty-three professional male soccer players (24.63[Formula: see text]2.84 years old; 180.94[Formula: see text]6.49 cm; 77.19[Formula: see text]6.46 kg; 52.99[Formula: see text]5.01 VO2max) participated in the study. Total distance, running distance, sprinting distance, number of sprints, and acceleration sum were quantified per minute to compare the different games. Running distance in full match was greater than in 5vs5+GK (d = 2.303, moderate effect), 6vs6+GK (d = 1.719, moderate effect) and 9vs9+GK (d = 1.084, minimum effect) sided games. Greater values for sprinting distance were found in the full match compared to 5vs5+GK (d = 3.673, strong effect), 6vs6+GK (d = 2.606, moderate effect) and 9vs9+GK (d = 1.903, moderate effect) sided games. However, the load was greater in the 5vs5+GK game compared to the 6vs6+GK (d = 1.323, moderate effect) and 9vs9+GK (d = 1.030, minimum effect) games and the full match (d = 1.478, moderate effect). This study revealed that medium-sided games are not appropriate for simulating the sprinting conditions of official full matches. However, medium-sided games are more intense than full matches in that accelerations are made more often in medium-sided games.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Manuel Clemente
- a Sports Sciences Department , Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer , Melgaço , Portugal.,b Applied Mathematics department , Instituto de Telecomunicações, Delegação da Covilhã , Covilhã , Portugal
| | - Hugo Sarmento
- c Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education , University of Coimbra , Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Alireza Rabbani
- d Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences , University of Isfahan , Isfahan , Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Kargarfard
- d Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences , University of Isfahan , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Israel Teoldo Costa
- f Centre of Research and Studies in Soccer, Department of Physical Education , Universidade Federal de Viçosa , Viçosa , Brazil
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13
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Mendes B, Palao JM, Silvério A, Owen A, Carriço S, Calvete F, Clemente FM. Daily and weekly training load and wellness status in preparatory, regular and congested weeks: a season-long study in elite volleyball players. Res Sports Med 2018; 26:462-473. [PMID: 29969288 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2018.1492393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to assess the changes in the perceived internal load and wellness status of volleyball players in preparatory, regular (i.e. uncongested), and congested weeks during a full season. Thirteen elite volleyball players were studied (237 training sessions and 37 official matches). Session-RPE, muscle soreness, stress, fatigue, sleep quality, and the Hooper Index were measured daily using questionnaires. Training sessions were classified based on the number of matches per week and the days before or after a match: preparatory (no match), regular (one match), and congested weeks (two or more matches). Pairwise comparisons found significantly greater session-RPE scores (p < 0.05) one day before the match (304.74 A.U.), in regular weeks than in congested weeks (204.40 A.U.). Matches during the congested weeks (364.71 A.U.) had significantly higher session-RPE scores (p < 0.05) than regular weeks (252.97 A.U.). Three days before the match involved significantly higher values of muscle soreness, fatigue, stress, and sleep quality than regular weeks. Match accumulation increased the session-RPE training load of the matches. This study provides insights into the training load and well-being status before competition, for training the day of competition, and after the competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Mendes
- a Benfica LAB , Sport Lisboa e Benfica , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Jose M Palao
- b Department of Health , Exercise Science and Sport Management, University of Wisconsin Parkside , Kenosha , WI , USA
| | - André Silvério
- a Benfica LAB , Sport Lisboa e Benfica , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Adam Owen
- a Benfica LAB , Sport Lisboa e Benfica , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Sandro Carriço
- a Benfica LAB , Sport Lisboa e Benfica , Lisboa , Portugal
| | | | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- c Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer , Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo , Melgaço , Portugal.,d Delegação da Covilhã , Instituto de Telecomunicações , Covilhã , Portugal
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14
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Viana Gomes D, Santos Vigário P, Lima Piazera BK, Pereira Costa F, Vaisman M, Salerno Pinto V. Oxidative stress biomarkers after a single maximal test in blind and non-blind soccer players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2018; 59:267-273. [PMID: 29498248 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.18.08030-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to compare oxidative stress biomarkers, antioxidant capacity, muscle damage and hormone response between vision impaired and non-vision impaired athletes after a single maximal exercise test. METHODS Eight vision impaired and fifteen non-vision impaired athletes performed a maximal aerobic test with blood collected before and after. RESULTS Non-vision impaired athletes displayed greater aerobic capacity than blind individuals (P<0.05). Lactate increased by four-fold, while creatine kinase and gamma-glutamyltransferase as well as the oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidants were unchanged. Cortisol increased, but testosterone and their ratio were not altered. Differences were observed for alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase, which were increased only in non-blind athletes. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that blind soccer players, in comparison to those with vision, experienced less cellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Viana Gomes
- Department of Biosciences of Physical Activity, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (EEFD), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia Santos Vigário
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruna K Lima Piazera
- Department of Biosciences of Physical Activity, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (EEFD), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Filipe Pereira Costa
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mario Vaisman
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Veronica Salerno Pinto
- Department of Biosciences of Physical Activity, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (EEFD), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil -
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