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McKee AS, Atif SM, Falta MT, Fontenot AP. Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Noninfectious Granulomatous Lung Disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 208:1835-1843. [PMID: 35418504 PMCID: PMC9106315 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis and chronic beryllium disease are noninfectious lung diseases that are characterized by the presence of noncaseating granulomatous inflammation. Chronic beryllium disease is caused by occupational exposure to beryllium containing particles, whereas the etiology of sarcoidosis is not known. Genetic susceptibility for both diseases is associated with particular MHC class II alleles, and CD4+ T cells are implicated in their pathogenesis. The innate immune system plays a critical role in the initiation of pathogenic CD4+ T cell responses as well as the transition to active lung disease and disease progression. In this review, we highlight recent insights into Ag recognition in chronic beryllium disease and sarcoidosis. In addition, we discuss the current understanding of the dynamic interactions between the innate and adaptive immune systems and their impact on disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy S McKee
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO; and
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Shaikh M Atif
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO; and
| | - Michael T Falta
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO; and
| | - Andrew P Fontenot
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO; and
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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Li F, Zhu M, Niu B, Liu L, Peng X, Yang H, Qin B, Wang M, Ren X, Zhou X. Generation and expression analysis of BAC humanized mice carrying HLA-DP401 haplotype. Animal Model Exp Med 2021; 4:116-128. [PMID: 34179719 PMCID: PMC8212823 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DP is much less studied than other HLA class II antigens, that is, HLA-DR and HLA-DQ, etc. However, the accumulating data have suggested the important roles of DP-restricted responses in the context of cancer, allergy, and infectious disease. Lack of animal models expressing these genes as authentic cis-haplotypes blocks our understanding for the role of HLA-DP haplotypes in immunity. Methods To explore the potential cis-acting control elements involved in the transcriptional regulation of the HLA-DPA1/DPB1 gene, we performed the expression analysis using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-based transgenic humanized mice in the C57BL/6 background, which carried the entire HLA-DP401 gene locus. We further developed a mouse model of Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia in HLA-DP401 humanized transgenic mice, and performed the analysis on the expression pattern of HLA-DP401 and immunological responses in the model. Results In this study, we screened and identified a BAC clone spanning the entire HLA-DP gene locus. DNA from this clone was analyzed for integrity by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and then microinjected into fertilized mouse oocytes to produce transgenic founder animals. Nine sets of PCR primers for regional markers with an average distance of 15 kb between each primer were used to confirm the integrity of the transgene in the five transgenic lines carrying the HLA-DPA1/DPB1 gene. Transgene copy numbers were determined by real-time PCR analysis. HLA-DP401 gene expression was analyzed at the mRNA and protein level. Although infection with S aureus Newman did not alter the percentage of immune cells in the spleen and thymus from the HLA-DP401-H2-Aβ1 humanized mice. Increased expression of HLA-DP401 was observed in the thymus of the humanized mice infected by S aureus. Conclusions We generated several BAC transgenic mice, and analyzed the expression of HLA-DPA1/DPB1 in those mice. A model of Saureus-induced pneumonia in the HLA-DP401-H2-Aβ1-/- humanized mice was further developed, and S aureus infection upregulated the HLA-DP401 expression in thymus of those humanized mice. These findings demonstrate the potential of those HLA-DPA1/DPB1 transgenic humanized mice for developing animal models of infectious diseases and MHC-associated immunological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Department of Laboratory Animal ScienceShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterFudan UniveristyShanghaiChina
| | - Meng‐min Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Animal ScienceShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterFudan UniveristyShanghaiChina
| | - Bo‐wen Niu
- Department of Laboratory Animal ScienceShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterFudan UniveristyShanghaiChina
| | - Ling‐ling Liu
- Department of Laboratory Animal ScienceShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterFudan UniveristyShanghaiChina
| | - Xiu‐hua Peng
- Department of Laboratory Animal ScienceShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterFudan UniveristyShanghaiChina
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Laboratory Animal ScienceShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterFudan UniveristyShanghaiChina
| | - Bo‐yin Qin
- Department of Laboratory Animal ScienceShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterFudan UniveristyShanghaiChina
| | - Meixiang Wang
- Department of Scientific ResearchShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterFudan UniveristyShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaonan Ren
- Department of Laboratory Animal ScienceShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterFudan UniveristyShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Animal ScienceShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterFudan UniveristyShanghaiChina
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Susukida T, Aoki S, Shirayanagi T, Yamada Y, Kuwahara S, Ito K. HLA transgenic mice: application in reproducing idiosyncratic drug toxicity. Drug Metab Rev 2020; 52:540-567. [PMID: 32847422 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2020.1800725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Various types of transgenic mice carrying either class I or II human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules are readily available, and reports describing their use in a variety of studies have been published for more than 30 years. Examples of their use include the discovery of HLA-specific antigens against viral infection as well as the reproduction of HLA-mediated autoimmune diseases for the development of therapeutic strategies. Recently, HLA transgenic mice have been used to reproduce HLA-mediated idiosyncratic drug toxicity (IDT), a rare and unpredictable adverse drug reaction that can result in death. For example, abacavir-induced IDT has successfully been reproduced in HLA-B*57:01 transgenic mice. Several reports using HLA transgenic mice for IDT have proven the utility of this concept for the evaluation of IDT using various HLA allele combinations and drugs. It has become apparent that such models may be a valuable tool to investigate the mechanisms underlying HLA-mediated IDT. This review summarizes the latest findings in the area of HLA transgenic mouse models and discusses the current challenges that must be overcome to maximize the potential of this unique animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Susukida
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Immunology, Section of Host Defenses, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shigeki Aoki
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Shirayanagi
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yushiro Yamada
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Saki Kuwahara
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kousei Ito
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Atif SM, Mack DG, McKee AS, Rangel-Moreno J, Martin AK, Getahun A, Maier LA, Cambier JC, Tuder R, Fontenot AP. Protective role of B cells in sterile particulate-induced lung injury. JCI Insight 2019; 5:125494. [PMID: 31094704 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.125494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility to chronic beryllium (Be) disease is linked to HLA-DP molecules possessing a glutamic acid at the 69th position of the β-chain (βGlu69), with the most prevalent βGlu69-containing molecule being HLA-DP2. We have previously shown that HLA-DP2 transgenic (Tg) mice exposed to Be oxide (BeO) develop mononuclear infiltrates in a peribronchovascular distribution and a beryllium-specific, HLA-DP2-restricted CD4+ T cell response. In addition to T cells, B cells constituted a major portion of infiltrated leukocytes in the lung of BeO-exposed HLA-DP2 Tg mice and sequester BeO particles within ectopic lymphoid aggregates and granulomas. B cell depletion was associated with a loss of lymphoid aggregates and granulomas as well as a significant increase in lung injury in BeO-exposed mice. The protective role of B cells was innate in origin, and BeO-induced B cell recruitment to the lung was dependent on MyD88 signaling. Similar to BeO-exposed HLA-DP2 mice, B cells also accumulate in the lungs of CBD subjects, located at the periphery and surrounding the granuloma. Overall, our data suggest a novel modulatory role for B cells in the protection of the lung against sterile particulate exposure, with B cell recruitment to the inflamed lung occurring in an antigen-independent and MyD88-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaikh M Atif
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Douglas G Mack
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Amy S McKee
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Javier Rangel-Moreno
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Allison K Martin
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Andrew Getahun
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lisa A Maier
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - John C Cambier
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Rubin Tuder
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Andrew P Fontenot
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Fontenot AP, Falta MT, Kappler JW, Dai S, McKee AS. Beryllium-Induced Hypersensitivity: Genetic Susceptibility and Neoantigen Generation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:22-7. [PMID: 26685315 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic beryllium (Be) disease is a granulomatous lung disorder that results from Be exposure in a genetically susceptible host. The disease is characterized by the accumulation of Be-responsive CD4(+) T cells in the lung, and genetic susceptibility is primarily linked to HLA-DPB1 alleles possessing a glutamic acid at position 69 of the β-chain. Recent structural analysis of a Be-specific TCR interacting with a Be-loaded HLA-DP2-peptide complex revealed that Be is coordinated by amino acid residues derived from the HLA-DP2 β-chain and peptide and showed that the TCR does not directly interact with the Be(2+) cation. Rather, the TCR recognizes a modified HLA-DP2-peptide complex with charge and conformational changes. Collectively, these findings provide a structural basis for the development of this occupational lung disease through the ability of Be to induce posttranslational modifications in preexisting HLA-DP2-peptide complexes, resulting in the creation of neoantigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Fontenot
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045;
| | - Michael T Falta
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - John W Kappler
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206; and Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Shaodong Dai
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045; Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Amy S McKee
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
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Falta MT, Tinega AN, Mack DG, Bowerman NA, Crawford F, Kappler JW, Pinilla C, Fontenot AP. Metal-specific CD4+ T-cell responses induced by beryllium exposure in HLA-DP2 transgenic mice. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:218-28. [PMID: 26129650 PMCID: PMC4698108 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic beryllium disease (CBD) is a granulomatous lung disorder that is associated with the accumulation of beryllium (Be)-specific CD4(+) T cells into the lung. Genetic susceptibility is linked to HLA-DPB1 alleles that possess a glutamic acid at position 69 (βGlu69), and HLA-DPB1*02:01 is the most prevalent βGlu69-containing allele. Using HLA-DP2 transgenic (Tg) mice, we developed a model of CBD that replicates the major features of the human disease. Here we characterized the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire of Be-responsive CD4(+) T cells derived from the lungs of Be oxide-exposed HLA-DP2 Tg mice. The majority of Be-specific T-cell hybridomas expressed TCR Vβ6, and a subset of these hybridomas expressed identical or nearly identical β-chains that were paired with different α-chains. We delineated mimotopes that bind to HLA-DP2 and form a complex recognized by Be-specific CD4(+) T cells in the absence of Be. These Be-independent peptides possess an arginine at p5 and a tryptophan at p7 that surround the Be-binding site within the HLA-DP2 acidic pocket and likely induce charge and conformational changes that mimic those induced by the Be(2+) cation. Collectively, these data highlight the interplay between peptides and Be in the generation of an adaptive immune response in metal-induced hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Falta
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Alex N. Tinega
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Douglas G. Mack
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Natalie A. Bowerman
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Frances Crawford
- Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206 USA
| | - John W. Kappler
- Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206 USA
| | - Clemencia Pinilla
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, San Diego, CA 92121 USA
| | - Andrew P. Fontenot
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
,Department of Immunology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
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7
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Li L, Huang Z, Gillespie M, Mroz PM, Maier LA. p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in beryllium-induced dendritic cell activation. Hum Immunol 2014; 75:1155-62. [PMID: 25454621 PMCID: PMC4258464 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) play a role in the regulation of immune responses to haptens, which in turn impact DC maturation. Whether beryllium (Be) is able to induce DC maturation and if this occurs via the MAPK pathway is not known. Primary monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) models were generated from Be non-exposed healthy volunteers as a non-sensitized cell model, while PBMCs from BeS (Be sensitized) and CBD (chronic beryllium disease) were used as disease models. The response of these cells to Be was evaluated. The expression of CD40 was increased significantly (p<0.05) on HLA-DP Glu69+ moDCs after 100 μM BeSO₄-stimulation. BeSO₄ induced p38MAPK phosphorylation, while IκB-α was degraded in Be-stimulated moDCs. The p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 blocked Be-induced NF-κB activation in moDCs, suggesting that p38MAPK and NF-κB are dependently activated by BeSO₄. Furthermore, in BeS and CBD subjects, SB203580 downregulated Be-stimulated proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, and decreased Be-stimulated TNF-α and IFNγ cytokine production. Taken together, this study suggests that Be-induces non-sensitized Glu69+ DCs maturation, and that p38MAPK signaling is important in the Be-stimulated DCs activation as well as subsequent T cell proliferation and cytokine production in BeS and CBD. In total, the MAPK pathway may serve as a potential therapeutic target for human granulomatous lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Li
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Sciences, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Denver, CO, United States.
| | - Z Huang
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - M Gillespie
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - P M Mroz
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - L A Maier
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Sciences, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Denver, CO, United States; Environmental Occupational Health Department, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Denver, CO, United States
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8
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Regulatory T cells modulate granulomatous inflammation in an HLA-DP2 transgenic murine model of beryllium-induced disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:8553-8. [PMID: 24912188 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1408048111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility to chronic beryllium disease (CBD) is linked to certain HLA-DP molecules, including HLA-DP2. To elucidate the molecular basis of this association, we exposed mice transgenic (Tg) for HLA-DP2 to beryllium oxide (BeO) via oropharyngeal aspiration. As opposed to WT mice, BeO-exposed HLA-DP2 Tg mice developed mononuclear infiltrates in a peribronchovascular distribution that were composed of CD4(+) T cells and included regulatory T (Treg) cells. Beryllium-responsive, HLA-DP2-restricted CD4(+) T cells expressing IFN-γ and IL-2 were present in BeO-exposed HLA-DP2 Tg mice and not in WT mice. Using Be-loaded HLA-DP2-peptide tetramers, we identified Be-specific CD4(+) T cells in the mouse lung that recognize identical ligands as CD4(+) T cells derived from the human lung. Importantly, a subset of HLA-DP2 tetramer-binding CD4(+) T cells expressed forkhead box P3, consistent with the expansion of antigen-specific Treg cells. Depletion of Treg cells in BeO-exposed HLA-DP2 Tg mice exacerbated lung inflammation and enhanced granuloma formation. These findings document, for the first time to our knowledge, the development of a Be-specific adaptive immune response in mice expressing HLA-DP2 and the ability of Treg cells to modulate the beryllium-induced granulomatous immune response.
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Stefaniak AB, Virji MA, Day GA. Release of beryllium into artificial airway epithelial lining fluid. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2012; 67:219-228. [PMID: 23074979 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2011.619218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Inhaled beryllium particles that deposit in the lung airway lining fluid may dissolve and interact with immune-competent cells resulting in sensitization. As such, solubilization of 17 beryllium-containing materials (ore, hydroxide, metal, oxide, alloys, and process intermediates) was investigated using artificial human airway epithelial lining fluid. The maximum beryllium release in 7 days was 11.78% (from a beryl ore melter dust), although release from most materials was < 1%. Calculated dissolution half-times ranged from 30 days (reduction furnace material) to 74,000 days (hydroxide). Despite rapid mechanical clearance, billions of beryllium ions may be released in the respiratory tract via dissolution in airway lining fluid. Beryllium-containing particles that deposit in the respiratory tract dissolve in artificial lung epithelial lining fluid, thereby providing ions for absorption in the lung and interaction with immune-competent cells in the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr B Stefaniak
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA.
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Yoshida T, Ohnuma A, Horiuchi H, Harada T. Pulmonary fibrosis in response to environmental cues and molecular targets involved in its pathogenesis. J Toxicol Pathol 2011; 24:9-24. [PMID: 22272040 PMCID: PMC3234628 DOI: 10.1293/tox.24.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lung injury resulting from a variety of different causes is frequently associated with the develop ment of pulmonary fibrosis in humans. Although the etiology of pulmonary fibrosis is generally unknown, several sources of evidence support the hypothesis that a number of environmental and occupational agents play an etiologic role in the pathogenesis of this disease. The agents discussed in this review include beryllium, nylon flock, textile printing aerosols, polyvinyl chloride and didecyldimethylammonium chloride. The authors also describe a variety of animal models, including genetically modified mice, in order to investigate the molecular mechanism of pulmonary fibrosis, focusing on chemokine receptors, regulatory T cells and transforming growth factor-β and bone morphogenetic protein signaling. Overall, we propose the concept of toxicological pulmonary fibrosis as a lung disease induced in response to environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Yoshida
- Laboratory of Pathology, Toxicology Division, The Institute
of Environmental Toxicology, 4321 Uchimoriya-machi, Joso, Ibaraki 303-0043, Japan
| | - Aya Ohnuma
- Laboratory of Pathology, Toxicology Division, The Institute
of Environmental Toxicology, 4321 Uchimoriya-machi, Joso, Ibaraki 303-0043, Japan
| | - Haruka Horiuchi
- Laboratory of Pathology, Toxicology Division, The Institute
of Environmental Toxicology, 4321 Uchimoriya-machi, Joso, Ibaraki 303-0043, Japan
| | - Takanori Harada
- The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, 4321
Uchimoriya-machi, Joso, Ibaraki 303-0043, Japan
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Hubbs AF, Mercer RR, Benkovic SA, Harkema JACK, Sriram K, Schwegler-Berry D, Goravanahally MP, Nurkiewicz TR, Castranova V, Sargent LM. Nanotoxicology--a pathologist's perspective. Toxicol Pathol 2011; 39:301-24. [PMID: 21422259 PMCID: PMC9808592 DOI: 10.1177/0192623310390705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Advances in chemistry and engineering have created a new technology, nanotechnology, involving the tiniest known manufactured products. These products have a rapidly increasing market share and appear poised to revolutionize engineering, cosmetics, and medicine. Unfortunately, nanotoxicology, the study of nanoparticulate health effects, lags behind advances in nanotechnology. Over the past decade, existing literature on ultrafine particles and respirable durable fibers has been supplemented by studies of first-generation nanotechnology products. These studies suggest that nanosizing increases the toxicity of many particulates. First, as size decreases, surface area increases, thereby speeding up dissolution of soluble particulates and exposing more of the reactive surface of durable but reactive particulates. Second, nanosizing facilitates movement of particulates across cellular and intracellular barriers. Third, nanosizing allows particulates to interact with, and sometimes even hybridize with, subcellular structures, including in some cases microtubules and DNA. Finally, nanosizing of some particulates, increases pathologic and physiologic responses, including inflammation, fibrosis, allergic responses, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity, and may alter cardiovascular and lymphatic function. Knowing how the size and physiochemical properties of nanoparticulates affect bioactivity is important in assuring that the exciting new products of nanotechnology are used safely. This review provides an introduction to the pathology and toxicology of nanoparticulates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann F. Hubbs
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Robert R. Mercer
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Stanley A. Benkovic
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - JACK Harkema
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Krishnan Sriram
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Diane Schwegler-Berry
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Madhusudan P. Goravanahally
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Timothy R. Nurkiewicz
- Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Vincent Castranova
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Linda M. Sargent
- Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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Chronic beryllium disease: an updated model interaction between innate and acquired immunity. Biometals 2010; 24:1-17. [PMID: 20981472 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-010-9376-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
During the last decade, there have been concerted efforts to reduce beryllium (Be) exposure in the workplace and thereby reduce potential cases of this occupational lung disorder. Despite these efforts, it is estimated that there are at least one million Be-exposed individuals in the U.S. who are potentially at risk for developing chronic beryllium disease (CBD). Previously, we reviewed the current CBD literature and proposed that CBD represents a model interaction between innate and acquired immunity (Sawyer et al., Int Immunopharmacol 2:249-261, 2002). We closed this review with a section on "future directions" that identified key gaps in our understanding of the pathogenesis of CBD. In the intervening period, progress has been made to fill in some of these gaps, and the current review will provide an update on that progress. Based on recent findings, we provide a new hypothesis to explain how Be drives sustained chronic inflammation and granuloma formation in CBD leading to progressive compromised lung function in CBD patients. This paradigm has direct implications for our understanding of the development of an immune response to Be, but is also likely applicable to other immune-mediated lung diseases of known and unknown etiology.
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