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Daswani RR, Choles CM, Kim DD, Barr AM. A systematic review and meta-analysis of synthetic cathinone use and psychosis. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:875-896. [PMID: 38446172 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06569-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Synthetic cathinones (SC), commonly referred to as "bath salts", are stimulants resembling the natural alkaloid cathinone found in the khat plant. These substances have the potential to induce serious health risks such as hallucinations, delusions, paranoia and agitation which can lead to substance-induced psychotic disorders. Despite growing concerns, there is a limited understanding of the association between SC consumption and the devolvement of such psychopathologies. METHODS We conducted a systematic review to investigate the frequency of substance-induced psychotic disorder (SIPD) and associated conditions in humans following synthetic cathinone consumption. We qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed SC exposure cases. RESULTS A total of 32 studies were included, with a diverse range of demographics, synthetic cathinone types, and consumption patterns. The proportion of individuals developing psychotic symptoms was reported at 0.380 (Random-effects model, 95% CI 0.289 - 0.475). Additionally, the significant heterogeneity in diagnostic approaches limited our ability to provide a precise estimate of prevalence. CONCLUSIONS Synthetic cathinone consumption is associated with the risk of developing psychotic symptoms as indicated by the prevalence of hallucinations and/or delusions. Due to the lack of information on classifying factors, particularly duration of symptoms, we are unable to conclude synthetic cathinone-induced psychosis. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanism linking synthetic cathinone consumption and psychosis. This review underscores the urgency of addressing the growing health risks posed by synthetic cathinone use. Additionally, it highlights the necessity of proper quantification of psychotic symptoms through scales and reporting of classification criteria to accurately diagnose SIPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishika R Daswani
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T1Z3, Canada
- Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Cassandra M Choles
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T1Z3, Canada
- International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David D Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T1Z3, Canada
- British Columbia Mental Health & Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alasdair M Barr
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T1Z3, Canada.
- British Columbia Mental Health & Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Jimenez H, Carrion J, Adrien L, Wolin A, Eun J, Cinamon E, Chang EH, Davies P, Vo A, Koppel J. The Impact of Muscarinic Antagonism on Psychosis-Relevant Behaviors and Striatal [ 11C] Raclopride Binding in Tau Mouse Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2091. [PMID: 37626588 PMCID: PMC10452133 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychosis that occurs over the course of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with increased caregiver burden and a more rapid cognitive and functional decline. To find new treatment targets, studies modeling psychotic conditions traditionally employ agents known to induce psychosis, utilizing outcomes with cross-species relevance, such as locomotive activity and sensorimotor gating, in rodents. In AD, increased burdens of tau pathology (a diagnostic hallmark of the disease) and treatment with anticholinergic medications have, separately, been reported to increase the risk of psychosis. Recent evidence suggests that muscarinic antagonists may increase extracellular tau. Preclinical studies in AD models have not previously utilized muscarinic cholinergic antagonists as psychotomimetic agents. In this report, we utilize a human-mutant-tau model (P301L/COMTKO) and an over-expressed non-mutant human tau model (htau) in order to compare the impact of antimuscarinic (scopolamine 10 mg/kg/day) treatment with dopaminergic (reboxetine 20 mg/kg/day) treatment, for 7 days, on locomotion and sensorimotor gating. Scopolamine increased spontaneous locomotion, while reboxetine reduced it; neither treatment impacted sensorimotor gating. In the P301L/COMTKO, scopolamine treatment was associated with decreased muscarinic M4 receptor expression, as quantified with RNA-seq, as well as increased dopamine receptor D2 signaling, as estimated with Micro-PET [11C] raclopride binding. Scopolamine also increased soluble tau in the striatum, an effect that partially mediated the observed increases in locomotion. Studies of muscarinic agonists in preclinical tau models are warranted to determine the impact of treatment-on both tau and behavior-that may have relevance to AD and other tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidy Jimenez
- The Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer’s Disease, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (H.J.); (J.C.); (L.A.); (A.W.); (J.E.); (E.H.C.); (P.D.); (A.V.)
| | - Joseph Carrion
- The Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer’s Disease, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (H.J.); (J.C.); (L.A.); (A.W.); (J.E.); (E.H.C.); (P.D.); (A.V.)
| | - Leslie Adrien
- The Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer’s Disease, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (H.J.); (J.C.); (L.A.); (A.W.); (J.E.); (E.H.C.); (P.D.); (A.V.)
| | - Adam Wolin
- The Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer’s Disease, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (H.J.); (J.C.); (L.A.); (A.W.); (J.E.); (E.H.C.); (P.D.); (A.V.)
| | - John Eun
- The Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer’s Disease, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (H.J.); (J.C.); (L.A.); (A.W.); (J.E.); (E.H.C.); (P.D.); (A.V.)
| | - Ezra Cinamon
- Department of Biochemistry, Queens College, Flushing, NY 11355, USA;
| | - Eric H. Chang
- The Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer’s Disease, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (H.J.); (J.C.); (L.A.); (A.W.); (J.E.); (E.H.C.); (P.D.); (A.V.)
| | - Peter Davies
- The Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer’s Disease, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (H.J.); (J.C.); (L.A.); (A.W.); (J.E.); (E.H.C.); (P.D.); (A.V.)
| | - An Vo
- The Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer’s Disease, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (H.J.); (J.C.); (L.A.); (A.W.); (J.E.); (E.H.C.); (P.D.); (A.V.)
| | - Jeremy Koppel
- The Litwin-Zucker Research Center for the Study of Alzheimer’s Disease, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (H.J.); (J.C.); (L.A.); (A.W.); (J.E.); (E.H.C.); (P.D.); (A.V.)
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Danielsson K, Stomberg R, Adermark L, Ericson M, Söderpalm B. Differential dopamine release by psychosis-generating and non-psychosis-generating addictive substances in the nucleus accumbens and dorsomedial striatum. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:472. [PMID: 34518523 PMCID: PMC8438030 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01589-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with three main categories of symptoms; positive, negative and cognitive. Of these, only the positive symptoms respond well to treatment with antipsychotics. Due to the lack of effect of antipsychotics on negative symptoms, it has been suggested that while the positive symptoms are related to a hyperdopaminergic state in associative striatum, the negative symptoms may be a result of a reduced dopamine (DA) activity in the nucleus accumbens (nAc). Drug abuse is common in schizophrenia, supposedly alleviating negative symptomatology. Some, but not all, drugs aggravate psychosis, tentatively due to differential effects on DA activity in striatal regions. Here this hypothesis was tested in rats by using a double-probe microdialysis technique to simultaneously assess DA release in the nAc and associative striatum (dorsomedial striatum; DMS) following administration of the psychosis-generating substances amphetamine (0.5 mg/kg), cocaine (15 mg/kg) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, 3 mg/kg), and the generally non-psychosis-generating substances ethanol (2.5 g/kg), nicotine (0.36 mg/kg) and morphine (5 mg/kg). The data show that amphetamine and cocaine produce identical DA elevations both in the nAc and DMS, whereas nicotine increases DA in nAc only. Ethanol and morphine both increased DMS DA, but weaker and in a qualitatively different way than in nAc, suggesting that the manner in which DA is increased might be important to the triggering of psychosis. THC elevated DA in neither region, indicating that the pro-psychotic effects of THC are not related to DA release. We conclude that psychosis-generating substances affect striatal DA release differently than non-psychosis-generating substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Danielsson
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Rosita Stomberg
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Louise Adermark
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden ,grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mia Ericson
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bo Söderpalm
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden ,grid.1649.a000000009445082XBeroendekliniken, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Sabe M, Zhao N, Kaiser S. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of cocaine-induced psychosis in cocaine users. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 109:110263. [PMID: 33524454 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Sabe
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland.
| | - N Zhao
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
| | - S Kaiser
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland
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How do medical and non-medical use of z-drugs relate to psychological distress and the use of other depressant drugs? Addict Behav 2021; 112:106606. [PMID: 32818728 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Z-drugs are hypnotic drugs used for insomnia with considerable potential of abuse. We investigated the relationship of past-year medical and non-medical use of z-drugs with past-year: i) psychological distress; ii) medical use, non-medical use, and DSM-IV use disorder of Benzodiazepine (BZD) tranquilizers; iii) use and DSM-IV alcohol and marijuana use disorders, recreational drugs with a depressant effect on the central nervous system. METHODS Data came from the 2015-2017 NSDUH (n = 128,740). Participants aged 18+ were asked if they had used any Z-Drug medically or non-medically in the past year. We investigated the associations between the three-level z-drugs variable with psychological distress and BZD, alcohol, and marijuana variables in multinomial logistic regression models. RESULTS Past-year prevalences of z-drug use were 3.3% for medical and 0.5% for non-medical use. Medical and non-medical users of z-drugs had higher risk of psychological distress, compared to non-users. Medical and non-medical users of z-drugs had higher risk of medical use, non-medical use, and BZD use disorders. Compared to non-users of z-drugs, medical users had higher risk of marijuana and alcohol use and alcohol use disorders, while non-medical users had higher risk of marijuana use and marijuana use disorders and alcohol. CONCLUSION Z-drug users have elevated risk of use and dependence of BZDs and recreational drugs, possibly due to concurrent prescribing and self-medication.
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Vannucchi G, Medda P, Pallucchini A, Bertelli M, Angst J, Azorin JM, Bowden C, Vieta E, Young AH, Mosolov S, Perugi G. The relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, bipolarity and mixed features in major depressive patients: Evidence from the BRIDGE-II-Mix Study. J Affect Disord 2019; 246:346-354. [PMID: 30597295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study primarily focused on the relationship between comorbid attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), mixed features and bipolarity in major depressive patients. METHODS The sample comprised 2777 patients with Major Depressive Episode (MDE) enrolled in a multicentre, multinational study originally designed to assess different definitions of mixed depression. Socio-demographic, familial and clinical characteristics were compared in patients with (ADHD + ) and without (ADHD-) comorbid ADHD. RESULTS Sixty-one patients (2.2%) met criteria for ADHD. ADHD was associated with a higher number of (hypo)manic symptoms during depression. Mixed depression was more represented in ADHD + patients than in ADHD- using both DSM-5 and experimental criteria. Differences were maintained after removing overlapping symptoms between (hypo)mania and ADHD. ADHD in MDE was also associated with a variety of clinical and course features such as onset before the age of 20, first-degree family history of (hypo)mania, past history of antidepressant-induced (hypo)manic switches, higher number of depressive and affective episodes, atypical depressive features, higher rates of bipolarity specifier, psychiatric comorbidities with eating, anxiety and borderline personality disorders. LIMITATIONS The study was primarily designed to address mixed features in ADHD, with slightly reduced sensitivity to the diagnosis of ADHD. Other possible diagnostic biases due to heterogeneity of participating clinicians. CONCLUSIONS In a sample of major depressive patients, the comorbid diagnosis of current ADHD is associated with bipolar diathesis, mixed features, multiple psychiatric comorbidity and a more unstable course. Further prospective studies are necessary to confirm the possible mediating role of temperamental mood instability and emotional dysregulation in such a complex clinical presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Vannucchi
- Psychiatry Unit 2, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; CREA, Research and Clinical Center, San Sebastiano Foundation, Florence, Italy; NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - P Medda
- Psychiatry Unit 2, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Pallucchini
- Psychiatry Unit 2, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Bertelli
- CREA, Research and Clinical Center, San Sebastiano Foundation, Florence, Italy
| | - J Angst
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J-M Azorin
- Department of Psychiatry, Sainte Marguerite Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - C Bowden
- University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, USA
| | - E Vieta
- Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neuroscience, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - A H Young
- King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Mosolov
- Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry, Moscow, Russia
| | - G Perugi
- Psychiatry Unit 2, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Association of Substance Use Patterns with Psychiatric Disorders in Homeless Persons with Psychiatric Disorders in Vancouver. Int J Ment Health Addict 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-018-0040-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Adolescent Exposure to the Synthetic Cannabinoid WIN 55212-2 Modifies Cocaine Withdrawal Symptoms in Adult Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017. [PMID: 28635664 PMCID: PMC5486147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic cannabinoid consumption is an increasingly common behavior among teenagers and has been shown to cause long-lasting neurobehavioral alterations. Besides, it has been demonstrated that cocaine addiction in adulthood is highly correlated with cannabis abuse during adolescence. Cocaine consumption and subsequent abstinence from it can cause psychiatric symptoms, such as psychosis, cognitive impairment, anxiety, and depression. The aim of the present research was to study the consequences of adolescent exposure to cannabis on the psychiatric-like effects promoted by cocaine withdrawal in adult mice. We pre-treated juvenile mice with the cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist WIN 55212-2 (WIN) and then subjected them to a chronic cocaine treatment during adulthood. Following these treatments, animals were tested under cocaine withdrawal in the following paradigms: pre-pulse inhibition, object recognition, elevated plus maze, and tail suspension. The long-term psychotic-like actions induced by WIN were not modified after cocaine cessation. Moreover, the memory impairments induced by cocaine withdrawal were not altered by previous adolescent WIN intake. However, WIN pre-treatment prevented the anxiogenic effects observed after cocaine abstinence, and led to greater depressive-like symptoms following cocaine removal in adulthood. This study is the first to show the long-lasting behavioral consequences of juvenile exposure to WIN on cocaine withdrawal in adult mice.
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Tasic L, de Moraes Pontes JG, de Souza RN, Brasil AJM, de Faria Cruz GC, Asevedo E, Mas CD, Poppi RJ, Brietzke E, Hayashi MAF, Lacerda ALT. NMR Spectroscopy Metabolomics Applied to Crack Cocaine Users and Patients with Schizophrenia: Similar Behavior but Different Molecular Causes. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ljubica Tasic
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Chemistry Institute, Laboratório de Química Biológica, UNICAMP; Campinas, SP P.O. Box 6154 13083-970 Brazil
| | - João Guilherme de Moraes Pontes
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Chemistry Institute, Laboratório de Química Biológica, UNICAMP; Campinas, SP P.O. Box 6154 13083-970 Brazil
| | - Rafael Nogueira de Souza
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Chemistry Institute, Laboratório de Química Biológica, UNICAMP; Campinas, SP P.O. Box 6154 13083-970 Brazil
| | - Antonio Jadson Marreiro Brasil
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Chemistry Institute, Laboratório de Química Biológica, UNICAMP; Campinas, SP P.O. Box 6154 13083-970 Brazil
| | - Guilherme Crispim de Faria Cruz
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Chemistry Institute, Laboratório de Química Biológica, UNICAMP; Campinas, SP P.O. Box 6154 13083-970 Brazil
| | - Elson Asevedo
- Department of Psychiatry; UNIFESP; São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | | | - Ronei Jesus Poppi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Chemistry Institute, Laboratório de Quimiometria em Química Analítica, UNICAMP; Campinas, SP Brazil
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Ledesma JC, Aguilar MA, Giménez-Gómez P, Miñarro J, Rodríguez-Arias M. Adolescent but not adult ethanol binge drinking modulates cocaine withdrawal symptoms in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172956. [PMID: 28291777 PMCID: PMC5349692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ethanol (EtOH) binge drinking is an increasingly common behavior among teenagers that induces long-lasting neurobehavioral alterations in adulthood. An early history of EtOH abuse during adolescence is highly correlated with cocaine addiction in adulthood. Abstinence of cocaine abuse can cause psychiatric symptoms, such as anxiety, psychosis, depression, and cognitive impairments. This study assessed the consequences of adolescent exposure to EtOH on the behavioral alterations promoted by cocaine withdrawal in adulthood. Methods We pretreated juvenile (34–47 days old) or adult (68–81 days old) mice with EtOH (1.25 g/kg) following a binge-drinking pattern. Then, after a three-week period without drug delivery, they were subjected to a chronic cocaine treatment in adulthood and tested under cocaine withdrawal by the ensuing paradigms: open field, elevated plus maze, prepulse inhibition, tail suspension test, and object recognition. Another set of mice were treated with the same EtOH binge-drinking procedure during adolescence and were tested immediately afterwards under the same behavioral paradigms. Results Adolescent EtOH pretreatment undermined the anxiogenic effects observed after cocaine abstinence, reduced prepulse inhibition, and increased immobility scores in the tail suspension test following cocaine withdrawal. Moreover, the memory deficits evoked by these substances when given separately were enhanced in cocaine-withdrawn mice exposed to EtOH during adolescence. EtOH binge drinking during adolescence also induced anxiety, depressive symptoms, and memory impairments when measured immediately afterwards. In contrast, neither EtOH nor cocaine alone or in combination altered any of these behaviors when given in adulthood. Conclusions EtOH binge drinking induces short- and long-term behavioral alterations and modulates cocaine withdrawal symptoms when given in adolescent mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Ledesma
- Departament de Psicobiologia, Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 21, Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Maria A. Aguilar
- Departament de Psicobiologia, Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 21, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Giménez-Gómez
- Departament de Psicobiologia, Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 21, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Miñarro
- Departament de Psicobiologia, Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 21, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Departament de Psicobiologia, Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 21, Valencia, Spain
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Vadivelu N, Lumermann L, Zhu R, Kodumudi G, Elhassan AO, Kaye AD. Pain Control in the Presence of Drug Addiction. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2016; 20:35. [PMID: 27068665 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-016-0561-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Drug addiction is present in a significant proportion of the population in the USA and worldwide. Drug addiction can occur with the abuse of many types of substances including cocaine, marijuana, stimulants, alcohol, opioids, and tranquilizers. There is a high likelihood that clinicians will encounter patients with substance abuse disorders on a regular basis with the prevalence of the use of illicit substances and the high rate of abuse of prescription drugs. The use of abuse deterrent formulations of prescription opioid agents, pill counts, and urine drug abuse screenings are all useful strategies. Optimum pain management of patients with addiction in the outpatient and inpatient setting is essential to minimize pain states. Careful selection of medications and appropriate oversight, including drug agreements, can reduce drug-induced impairments, including sleep deficits and diminished physical, social, and sexual functioning. This review, therefore, discusses the prevalence of illicit and prescription drug addiction, the challenges of achieving optimum pain control, and the therapeutic approaches to be considered in this challenging population. More research is warranted to develop improved therapies and routes of treatments for optimum pain relief and to prevent the development of central sensitization, chronic pain, and impaired physical and social functioning in patients with drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalini Vadivelu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| | | | - Richard Zhu
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Gopal Kodumudi
- California North State University College of Medicine, 9700 W Taron, Elk Grove, CA, 95757, USA
| | - Amir O Elhassan
- Department of Anesthesiology, LSU School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Alan David Kaye
- Department of Anesthesiology, LSU School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Kabir ZD, Lee AS, Rajadhyaksha AM. L-type Ca 2+ channels in mood, cognition and addiction: integrating human and rodent studies with a focus on behavioural endophenotypes. J Physiol 2016; 594:5823-5837. [PMID: 26913808 PMCID: PMC5063939 DOI: 10.1113/jp270673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain Cav 1.2 and Cav 1.3 L-type Ca2+ channels play key physiological roles in various neuronal processes that contribute to brain function. Genetic studies have recently identified CACNA1C as a candidate risk gene for bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia (SCZ), major depressive disorder (MDD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and CACNA1D for BD and ASD, suggesting a contribution of Cav 1.2 and Cav 1.3 Ca2+ signalling to the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. Once considered sole clinical entities, it is now clear that BD, SCZ, MDD and ASD share common phenotypic features, most likely due to overlapping neurocircuitry and common molecular mechanisms. A major future challenge lies in translating the human genetic findings to pathological mechanisms that are translatable back to the patient. One approach for tackling such a daunting scientific endeavour for complex behaviour-based neuropsychiatric disorders is to examine intermediate biological phenotypes in the context of endophenotypes within distinct behavioural domains. This will better allow us to integrate findings from genes to behaviour across species, and improve the chances of translating preclinical findings to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z D Kabir
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Autism Research Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - A S Lee
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Autism Research Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - A M Rajadhyaksha
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Weill Cornell Autism Research Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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Vergara-Moragues E, Mestre-Pintó JI, Gómez PA, Rodríguez-Fonseca F, Torrens M, González-Saiz F. Can symptoms help in differential diagnosis between substance-induced vs independent psychosis in adults with a lifetime diagnosis of cocaine use disorder? Psychiatry Res 2016; 242:94-100. [PMID: 27267440 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The main goal of this study it is explore the psychopathological differences between IPD and SIPD in a sample of 125 adults with a lifetime diagnosis of cocaine disorder recruited from treatment setting and through street contacts. A secondary analysis of six cross-sectional studies was conducted between 2000 and 2010. SIPD and IPD were diagnosed using the Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance and Mental Disorders (PRISM). 38 subjects (30.4%) were diagnosed with lifetime IPD and 87 (69.6%) with lifetime SIPD. A binomial logistic regression analysis using SIPD as the reference group showed that only previous prison admissions (OR 2.59; 95% CI 1.05, 6.36) and visual hallucinations (OR 5.21; 95% CI 1.54, 17.65) remained significant variables in the group with lifetime SIPD. In the group with lifetime IPD, grandiose delusions (OR 0.19; 95% CI 0.06, 0.60) and disorganized speech (OR 0.16; 95% CI 0.04, 0.61) remained significant. Model predicts the diagnosis of lifetime SIPD with a sensitivity of 80.3% and a specificity of 78.2%. This clinical profile of lifetime SIPD could help distinguish between IPD and SIPD among adults with lifetime diagnosis of cocaine disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esperanza Vergara-Moragues
- Department of Education and Psychobiology, Universidad Internacional de la Rioja (UNIR). Gran Vía Rey Juan Carlos I, 41, 26002 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain; Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Traslacional en Adicciones (GRINTA), Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Joan I Mestre-Pintó
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Parc de Salut Mar, Passeig Maritim, 25-29, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addictions, Parc de Salut Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Maritim, 25-29, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Araos Gómez
- FIMABIS, Mental Health Clinical Management Unit, Hospital Carlos Haya, Avda Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón de Gobierno Sótano, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Fonseca
- FIMABIS, Mental Health Clinical Management Unit, Hospital Carlos Haya, Avda Carlos Haya 82, Pabellón de Gobierno Sótano, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Marta Torrens
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Parc de Salut Mar, Passeig Maritim, 25-29, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addictions, Parc de Salut Mar, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Maritim, 25-29, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco González-Saiz
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos, Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Traslacional en Adicciones (GRINTA), Universidad de Granada, Spain; Community Mental Health Unit of Villamartin, Jerez Hospital, Andalusian Health Service, Avda Feria 58 Villamartin, 11650 Cádiz, Spain.
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