1
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An Z, Ding W. Syntaxin17 Restores Lysosomal Function and Inhibits Pyroptosis Caused by Acinetobacter baumannii. J Microbiol 2024; 62:315-325. [PMID: 38451450 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-024-00109-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) causes autophagy flux disorder by degrading STX17, resulting in a serious inflammatory response. It remains unclear whether STX17 can alter the inflammatory response process by controlling autolysosome function. This study aimed to explore the role of STX17 in the regulation of pyroptosis induced by A. baumannii. Our findings indicate that overexpression of STX17 enhances autophagosome degradation, increases LAMP1 expression, reduces Cathepsin B release, and improves lysosomal function. Conversely, knockdown of STX17 suppresses autophagosome degradation, reduces LAMP1 expression, augments Cathepsin B release, and accelerates lysosomal dysfunction. In instances of A. baumannii infection, overexpression of STX17 was found to improve lysosomal function and reduce the expression of mature of GSDMD and IL-1β, along with the release of LDH, thus inhibiting pyroptosis caused by A. baumannii. Conversely, knockdown of STX17 led to increased lysosomal dysfunction and further enhanced the expression of mature of GSDMD and IL-1β, and increased the release of LDH, exacerbating pyroptosis induced by A. baumannii. These findings suggest that STX17 regulates pyroptosis induced by A. baumannii by modulating lysosomal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan An
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenyi Ding
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
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2
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Wang L, Zhu H, Shi Z, Chen B, Huang H, Lin G, Li J, Yu H, Xu S, Chen G, Ou R, Dai C. MK8722 initiates early-stage autophagy while inhibiting late-stage autophagy via FASN-dependent reprogramming of lipid metabolism. Theranostics 2024; 14:75-95. [PMID: 38164137 PMCID: PMC10750195 DOI: 10.7150/thno.83051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and objective: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is associated with latent onset and poor prognosis, with drug resistance being a main concern in improving the prognosis of these patients. The resistance of cancer cells to most chemotherapeutic agents can be related to autophagy mechanisms. This study aimed to assess the therapeutic effect of MK8722, a small-molecule compound that activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), on EOC cells and to propose a novel strategy for the treatment of EOC. Purpose: To explore the therapeutic effects of MK8722 on EOC cells, and to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Methods and results: It was found that MK8722 effectively inhibited the malignant biological behaviors of EOC cells. In vitro experiments showed that MK8722 targeted and decreased the lipid metabolic pathway-related fatty acid synthase (FASN) expression levels, causing the accumulation of lipid droplets. In addition, transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of autophagosome-affected mitochondria. Western blotting confirmed that MK8722 plays a role in activating autophagy upstream (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) and inhibiting autophagy downstream via FASN-dependent reprogramming of lipid metabolism. Plasmid transient transfection demonstrated that MK8722 suppressed late-stage autophagy by blocking autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Immunofluorescence and gene silencing revealed that this effect was achieved by inhibiting the interaction of FASN with the SNARE complexes STX17-SNP29-VAMP8. Furthermore, the antitumor effect of MK8722 was verified using a subcutaneous xenograft mouse model. Conclusion: The findings suggest that using MK8722 may be a new strategy for treating EOC, as it has the potential to be a new autophagy/mitophagy inhibitor. Its target of action, FASN, is a molecular crosstalk between lipid metabolism and autophagy, and exploration of the underlying mechanism of FASN may provide a new research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luhui Wang
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Zhehao Shi
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China
| | - Huirong Huang
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Ganglian Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China
| | - Jiacheng Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China
| | - Haitao Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China
| | - Shihao Xu
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China
| | - Rongying Ou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China
| | - Chunxiu Dai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China
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3
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Zhang R, Yang Y, He C, Zhang X, Torraca V, Wang S, Liu N, Yang J, Liu S, Yuan J, Gou D, Li S, Dong X, Xie Y, He J, Bai H, Hu M, Liao Z, Huang Y, Lyu H, Xiao S, Guo D, Ali DW, Michalak M, Ma C, Chen XZ, Tang J, Zhou C. RUNDC1 inhibits autolysosome formation and survival of zebrafish via clasping ATG14-STX17-SNAP29 complex. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:2231-2248. [PMID: 37684417 PMCID: PMC10589263 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01215-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy serves as a pro-survival mechanism for a cell or a whole organism to cope with nutrient stress. Our understanding of the molecular regulation of this fusion event remains incomplete. Here, we identified RUNDC1 as a novel ATG14-interacting protein, which is highly conserved across vertebrates, including zebrafish and humans. By gain and loss of function studies, we demonstrate that RUNDC1 negatively modulates autophagy by blocking fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes via inhibiting the assembly of the STX17-SNAP29-VAMP8 complex both in human cells and the zebrafish model. Moreover, RUNDC1 clasps the ATG14-STX17-SNAP29 complex via stimulating ATG14 homo-oligomerization to inhibit ATG14 dissociation. This also prevents VAMP8 from binding to STX17-SNAP29. We further identified that phosphorylation of RUNDC1 Ser379 is crucial to inhibit the assembly of the STX17-SNAP29-VAMP8 complex via promoting ATG14 homo-oligomerization. In line with our findings, RunDC1 is crucial for zebrafish in their response to nutrient-deficient conditions. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that RUNDC1 is a negative regulator of autophagy that restricts autophagosome fusion with lysosomes by clasping the ATG14-STX17-SNAP29 complex to hinder VAMP8 binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuyan Yang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao He
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Vincenzo Torraca
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Shen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nan Liu
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaren Yang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shicheng Liu
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinglei Yuan
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongzhi Gou
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shi Li
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueying Dong
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufei Xie
- School of food science and bioengineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Junling He
- Department of Nephrology, Daping hospital, Army Medical Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Bai
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengyu Hu
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiquan Liao
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Lyu
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Xiao
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Guo
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Marek Michalak
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Cong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing-Zhen Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jingfeng Tang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Cefan Zhou
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China.
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4
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Chen Q, Zhang Y, Yang H, Wang X, Ren J, Jia D, Chen H, Wei T. GAPDH mediates plant reovirus-induced incomplete autophagy for persistent viral infection in leafhopper vector. Autophagy 2023; 19:1100-1113. [PMID: 36036160 PMCID: PMC10012898 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2115830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a conserved mechanism launched by host organisms to fight against virus infection. Double-membraned autophagosomes in arthropod vectors can be remodeled by arboviruses to accommodate virions and facilitate persistent viral propagation, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Rice gall dwarf virus (RGDV), a plant nonenveloped double-stranded RNA virus, induces the formation of virus-containing double-membraned autophagosomes to benefit persistent viral propagation in leafhopper vectors. In this study, it was found that the capsid protein P2 of RGDV alone induced autophagy. P2 specifically interacted with GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) and ATG4B both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the GAPDH-ATG4B complex could be recruited to virus-induced autophagosomes. Silencing of GAPDH or ATG4B expression suppressed ATG8 lipidation, autophagosome formation, and efficient viral propagation. Thus, P2 could directly recruit the GAPDH-ATG4B complex to induce the formation of initial autophagosomes. Furthermore, such autophagosomes were modified to evade fusion with lysosomes for degradation, and thus could be persistently exploited by viruses to facilitate efficient propagation. GAPDH bound to ATG14 and inhibited the interaction of ATG14 with SNAP29, thereby preventing ATG14-SNARE proteins from mediating autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Taken together, these results highlight how RGDV activates GAPDH to initiate autophagosome formation and block autophagosome degradation, finally facilitating persistent viral propagation in insect vectors. The findings reveal a positive regulation of immune response in insect vectors during viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yuele Zhang
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hengsong Yang
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jiping Ren
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Dongsheng Jia
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Taiyun Wei
- Vector-borne Virus Research Center, Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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5
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Abstract
Significance: Autophagy is a self-degrading process that determines cell fate in response to various environmental stresses. In contrast to autophagy-mediated cell survival, the signals, mechanisms, and effects of autophagy-dependent cell death remain obscure. The discovery of autophagy-dependent ferroptosis provides a paradigm for understanding the relationship between aberrant degradation pathways and excessive lipid peroxidation in driving regulated cell death. Recent Advances: Ferroptosis was originally described as an autophagy-independent and iron-mediated nonapoptotic cell death. Current studies reveal that the level of intracellular autophagy is positively correlated with ferroptosis sensitivity. Selective autophagic degradation of proteins (e.g., ferritin, SLC40A1, ARNTL, GPX4, and CDH2) or organelles (e.g., lipid droplets or mitochondria) promotes ferroptosis by inducing iron overload and/or lipid peroxidation. Several upstream autophagosome regulators (e.g., TMEM164), downstream autophagy receptors (e.g., HPCAL1), or danger signals (e.g., DCN) are selectively required for ferroptosis-related autophagy, but not for starvation-induced autophagy. The induction of autophagy-dependent ferroptosis is an effective approach to eliminate drug-resistant cancer cells. Critical Issues: How different organelles selectively activate autophagy to modulate ferroptosis sensitivity is not fully understood. Identifying direct protein effectors of ferroptotic cell death remains a challenge. Future Directions: Further understanding of the molecular mechanics and immune consequences of autophagy-dependent ferroptosis is critical for the development of precision antitumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangquan Chen
- DAMP Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiutao Cai
- DAMP Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jiao Liu
- DAMP Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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6
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Mitophagy and Traumatic Brain Injury: Regulatory Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potentials. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:1649842. [PMID: 36846712 PMCID: PMC9957633 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1649842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), a kind of external trauma-induced brain function alteration, has posed a financial burden on the public health system. TBI pathogenesis involves a complicated set of events, including primary and secondary injuries that can cause mitochondrial damage. Mitophagy, a process in which defective mitochondria are specifically degraded, segregates and degrades defective mitochondria allowing a healthier mitochondrial network. Mitophagy ensures that mitochondria remain healthy during TBI, determining whether neurons live or die. Mitophagy acts as a critical regulator in maintaining neuronal survival and healthy. This review will discuss the TBI pathophysiology and the consequences of the damage it causes to mitochondria. This review article will explore the mitophagy process, its key factors, and pathways and reveal the role of mitophagy in TBI. Mitophagy will be further recognized as a therapeutic approach in TBI. This review will offer new insights into mitophagy's role in TBI progression.
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7
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Zhang Y, Han X, Tang Y, Zhang J, Hu Z, Xu W, Yao P, Niu Q. Weakened interaction of ATG14 and the SNARE complex blocks autophagosome-lysosome fusion contributes to fluoride-induced developmental neurotoxicity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 230:113108. [PMID: 34953272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride is capable of inducing developmental neurotoxicity, but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. We aimed to explore the role of autophagosome-lysosome fusion in developmental fluoride neurotoxicity, particularly focusing on the interaction between ATG14 and the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex. We developed in vivo models of Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to sodium fluoride (NaF) from the pregnancy of parental rats until the offspring were two months old and in vitro models of NaF and/or Ad-ATG14-treated SH-SY5Y cells. We assessed neurobehavioral changes in offspring and further investigated the effects of NaF exposure on autophagic flux, apoptosis, autophagosome-lysosome fusion, and the interaction between ATG14 and the SNARE complex. NaF exposure impaired offspring learning and memory capabilities and induced the accumulation of autophagosomes and autophagic flux blockage and apoptosis, as indicated by increased LC3-II, p62, and cleaved-caspase-3 expression in vivo and in vitro. In addition, NaF treatment downregulated the protein expression of ATG14 and the SNARE complex and induced autophagosome-lysosome fusion blockage as evidenced by decreased ATG14, STX17, SNAP29, and VAMP8 expression and diminished colocalization of autophagosomes and lysosomes in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, ATG14 upregulation enhanced the interaction of ATG14 and the SNARE complex to facilitate autophagosome-lysosome fusion, thereby restoring autophagic flux and alleviating NaF-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, NaF exhibited developmental neurotoxicity by restraining the interaction of ATG14 with the SNARE complex and hindering autophagosome-lysosome fusion, thereby participating in the occurrence and development of fluoride neurotoxicity. Notably, ATG14 upregulation protects against developmental fluoride neurotoxicity, and ATG14 may serve as a promising biomarker for further epidemiological investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanli Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xie Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanling Tang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Hu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanjing Xu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Yao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Niu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases (Ministry of Education), School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Maity S, Saha A. Therapeutic Potential of Exploiting Autophagy Cascade Against Coronavirus Infection. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:675419. [PMID: 34054782 PMCID: PMC8160449 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.675419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its emergence in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) created a worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) with nearly 136 million cases and approximately 3 million deaths. Recent studies indicate that like other coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 also hijacks or usurps various host cell machineries including autophagy for its replication and disease pathogenesis. Double membrane vesicles generated during initiation of autophagy cascade act as a scaffold for the assembly of viral replication complexes and facilitate RNA synthesis. The use of autophagy inhibitors - chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine initially appeared to be as a potential treatment strategy of COVID-19 patients but later remained at the center of debate due to high cytotoxic effects. In the absence of a specific drug or vaccine, there is an urgent need for a safe, potent as well as affordable drug to control the disease spread. Given the intricate connection between autophagy machinery and viral pathogenesis, the question arises whether targeting autophagy pathway might show a path to fight against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review we will discuss about our current knowledge linking autophagy to coronaviruses and how that is being utilized to repurpose autophagy modulators as potential COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abhik Saha
- School of Biotechnology, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
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9
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Li D, Vogel P, Li-Harms X, Wang B, Kundu M. ATG14 and RB1CC1 play essential roles in maintaining muscle homeostasis. Autophagy 2021; 17:2576-2585. [PMID: 33794726 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1911549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Defects in macroautophagy/autophagy are implicated in the pathogenesis of neuromuscular and heart diseases. To precisely define the roles of autophagy-related genes in skeletal and cardiac muscles, we generated muscle-specific rb1cc1- and atg14-conditional knockout (cKO) mice by using Ckm/Ckmm2-Cre and compared their phenotypes to those of ulk1 ulk2-conditional double-knockout (cDKO) mice. atg14-cKO mice developed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, which was associated with abnormal accumulation of autophagic cargoes in the heart and early mortality. Skeletal muscles of both atg14-cKO and rb1cc1-cKO mice showed features of autophagic vacuolar myopathy with ubiquitin+ SQSTM1+ deposits, but only those of rb1cc1-cKO mice showed TARDBP/TDP-43+ pathology and other features of the inclusion body myopathy-like disease we previously described in ulk1 ulk2-cDKO mice. Herein, we highlight tissue-specific differences between skeletal and cardiac muscles in their reliance on core autophagy proteins and unique roles for ULK1-ULK2 and RB1CC1 among these proteins in the development of TARDBP+ pathology.ABBREVIATIONS:AVM: autophagic vacuolar myopathy; cDKO: conditional double knockout; cKO: conditional knockout; H&E: hematoxylin and eosin; IBM: inclusion body myopathy; mtDNA: mitochondrial DNA; PFA: paraformaldehyde; RNP: ribonucleoprotein; TBST: Tris-buffered saline with 0.2% Triton X-100.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Li
- Departments of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Peter Vogel
- Departments of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.,Veterinary Pathology Core, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Xiujie Li-Harms
- Departments of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Departments of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, Fujian Province, China
| | - Mondira Kundu
- Departments of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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10
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Autophagy differentially regulates macrophage lipid handling depending on the lipid substrate (oleic acid vs. acetylated-LDL) and inflammatory activation state. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:158527. [PMID: 31520777 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of lipid droplet (LD) dynamics by autophagy in naïve macrophages is complex: Inhibiting autophagosome initiation steps attenuates oleic acid (OA) induced LD (OA-LD) biogenesis, whereas interfering with later-autophagosome maturation/lysosomal steps accelerates OA-LD biogenesis rate, but not OA-LD degradation. Here we hypothesized that regulation of macrophage lipid handling by autophagy may be lipid-substrate and activation-state-specific. Using automated quantitative live-cell imaging, initial LD biogenesis rate was ~30% slower when the lipid source was acetylated low density lipoprotein (acLDL) compared to OA. Yet, both were similarly affected by triacsin-C, an inhibitor of acyl-CoA synthase, which inhibited, and etomoxir, an inhibitor of acylcarnitine palmitoyl transferase (fatty acid oxidation), which augmented, LD biogenesis rates. An autophagy inducing peptide, Tat-Beclin1, enhanced the degradation, and inhibited (by 37%) the biogenesis of acLDL induced LD (acLDL-LD). Yet, Tat-Beclin1 increased OA-LD biogenesis rate by 70%. When macrophages were pre-activated with LPS + INFG they exhibited increased autophagosome number and area, and reduced BECN1 and ATG14 protein levels, which associated with a markedly attenuated autophagic flux. Concomitantly, OA-LD and acLDL-LD biogenesis rates increased 3 and 7.4-fold, respectively, but could not be further modulated by Tat-Beclin1, as observed in non-activated/naïve macrophages. We propose that macrophage autophagy, and/or components of its machinery, differentially regulate LD/foam-cell biogenesis depending on the lipid-source, and that inflammatory activation uncouples autophagy from LD biogenesis.
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11
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Cheng S, Sun C, Lao W, Kang H. Association of VAMP8 rs1010 Polymorphism with Host Susceptibility to Pulmonary Tuberculosis in a Chinese Han Population. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2019; 23:299-303. [PMID: 30945947 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2018.0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: Autophagic eradication of pathogenic microbes, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is an effective host immune process that protects hosts from developing diseases associated with intracellular pathogens. This study was designed to investigate the association between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the autophagy-related genes VAMP8 and VTI1B, and the susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in a Chinese Han population. Materials and Methods: Two SNPs, rs1010 from the VAMP8 gene and rs15493 from the VTI1B gene, were examined in 202 PTB patients and 216 healthy controls using high-resolution melt-polymerase chain reaction. Results: The rs1010 SNP genotypes AG (p = 0.028) and GG (p = 0.016) were associated with increased susceptibility to PTB. However, the VTI1B rs15493 SNP had no impact on the susceptibility to PTB (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that the rs1010 SNP of VAMP8 gene was significantly associated with the susceptibility to PTB. This result suggests that rs1010 genotyping could be used as prognostic biomarker to predict the risk of Mtb infection and/or PTB disease development after Mtb infection in the Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shitong Cheng
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Chao Sun
- 2 Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Wenting Lao
- 2 Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China.,3 Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Hui Kang
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
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12
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Huang L, Yuan P, Yu P, Kong Q, Xu Z, Yan X, Shen Y, Yang J, Wan R, Hong K, Tang Y, Hu J. O-GlcNAc-modified SNAP29 inhibits autophagy-mediated degradation via the disturbed SNAP29-STX17-VAMP8 complex and exacerbates myocardial injury in type I diabetic rats. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:3278-3290. [PMID: 30221662 PMCID: PMC6202107 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification and autophagy are associated with diabetic myocardial injury, however, the molecular mechanisms between the two processes remain to be fully elucidated. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the molecular regulation of autophagy by O-GlcNAc-modified synaptosomal-associated protein 29 (SNAP29) in diabetic myocardial injury. A rat model of type I diabetes was established via intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 55 mg/kg). Significant increases in the O-GlcNAc modification and accumulation of the autophagy markers microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3α II/I and P62, which suggest that autophagic flux is inhibited, were observed in rats 8 weeks following STZ induction. Subsequently, the selective O-GlcNAcase inhibitor, thiamet G, increased the level of O-GlcNAc modification, which further disrupted autophagic flux; deteriorated cardiac diastolic function, as indicated by an increased left ventricular filling peak velocity/atrial contraction flow peak velocity ratio shown by echocardiography; and exacerbated myocardial abnormalities, as characterized by cardiomyocyte disorganization and fat and interstitial fibrosis accumulation. By contrast, 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine, an inhibitor of glucosamine fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase isomerizing 1, acted as an O-GlcNAc antagonist and reduced the level of O-GlcNAc modification, which maintained autophagic flux and improved cardiac diastolic function. In vitro, high glucose (25 mM) was used to stimulate primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs). Consistent with the myocardium of diabetic rats, it was also shown in the NRCMs that O-GlcNAc modification of SNAP29 negatively regulated autophagic flux. The application of the short hairpin RNA interference lysosome-associated membrane protein (LAMP2) and the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine demonstrated that high glucose inhibited autophagy-mediated degradation rather than affected the initial stage of autophagy. Finally, co-immunoprecipitation was used to determine the role of the O-GlcNAc-modified substrate protein SNAP29, which acted as an SNAP29-syntaxin-17 (STX17)-vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 (VAMP8) complex during disease progression. The present study is the first, to the best of our knowledge, to demonstrate that SNAP29 is an O-GlcNAc substrate and that an increase in O-GlcNAc-modified SNAP29 inhibits SNAP29-STX17-VAMP8 complex formation, thereby inhibiting the degradation of autophagy and exacerbating myocardial injury in type I diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qiling Kong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zixuan Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xia Yan
- The Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yang Shen
- The Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Juesheng Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Rong Wan
- The Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Kui Hong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yanhua Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jinzhu Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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13
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Kellner R, De la Concepcion JC, Maqbool A, Kamoun S, Dagdas YF. ATG8 Expansion: A Driver of Selective Autophagy Diversification? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 22:204-214. [PMID: 28038982 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Selective autophagy is a conserved homeostatic pathway that involves engulfment of specific cargo molecules into specialized organelles called autophagosomes. The ubiquitin-like protein ATG8 is a central player of the autophagy network that decorates autophagosomes and binds to numerous cargo receptors. Although highly conserved across eukaryotes, ATG8 diversified from a single protein in algae to multiple isoforms in higher plants. We present a phylogenetic overview of 376 ATG8 proteins across the green plant lineage that revealed family-specific ATG8 clades. Because these clades differ in fixed amino acid polymorphisms, they provide a mechanistic framework to test whether distinct ATG8 clades are functionally specialized. We propose that ATG8 expansion may have contributed to the diversification of selective autophagy pathways in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronny Kellner
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK; Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, Cologne 50829, Germany
| | - Juan Carlos De la Concepcion
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK; John Innes Centre, Department of Biological Chemistry, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Abbas Maqbool
- John Innes Centre, Department of Biological Chemistry, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Sophien Kamoun
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
| | - Yasin F Dagdas
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK; The Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
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14
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Medvedev R, Hildt E, Ploen D. Look who's talking-the crosstalk between oxidative stress and autophagy supports exosomal-dependent release of HCV particles. Cell Biol Toxicol 2016; 33:211-231. [PMID: 27987184 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-016-9376-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved and regulated intracellular lysosomal degradation pathway that is essential for cell survival. Dysregulation has been linked to the development of various human diseases, including neurodegeneration and tumorigenesis, infection, and aging. Besides, many viruses hijack the autophagosomal pathway to support their life cycle. The hepatitis C virus (HCV), a major cause of chronic liver diseases worldwide, has been described to induce autophagy. The autophagosomal pathway can be further activated in response to elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). HCV impairs the Nrf2/ARE-dependent induction of ROS-detoxifying enzymes by a so far unprecedented mechanism. In line with this, this review aims to discuss the relevance of HCV-dependent elevated ROS levels for the induction of autophagy as a result of the impaired Nrf2 signaling and the described crosstalk between p62 and the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway. Moreover, autophagy is functionally connected to the endocytic pathway as components of the endosomal trafficking are involved in the maturation of autophagosomes. The release of HCV particles is still not fully understood. Recent studies suggest an involvement of exosomes that originate from the endosomal pathway in viral release. In line with this, it is tempting to speculate whether HCV-dependent elevated ROS levels induce autophagy to support exosome-mediated release of viral particles. Based on recent findings, in this review, we will further highlight the impact of HCV-induced autophagy and its interplay with the endosomal pathway as a novel mechanism for the release of HCV particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Medvedev
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Eberhard Hildt
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225, Langen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Gießen, Marburg, Langen, Germany
| | - Daniela Ploen
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225, Langen, Germany.
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15
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Ramos-Torres Á, Bort A, Morell C, Rodríguez-Henche N, Díaz-Laviada I. The pepper's natural ingredient capsaicin induces autophagy blockage in prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:1569-83. [PMID: 26625315 PMCID: PMC4811481 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin, the pungent ingredient of red hot chili peepers, has been shown to have anti-cancer activities in several cancer cells, including prostate cancer. Several molecular mechanisms have been proposed on its chemopreventive action, including ceramide accumulation, endoplasmic reticulum stress induction and NFκB inhibition. However, the precise mechanisms by which capsaicin exerts its anti-proliferative effect in prostate cancer cells remain questionable. Herein, we have tested the involvement of autophagy on the capsaicin mechanism of action on prostate cancer LNCaP and PC-3 cells. The results showed that capsaicin induced prostate cancer cell death in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, increased the levels of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II (LC3-II, a marker of autophagy) and the accumulation of the cargo protein p62 suggesting an autophagy blockage. Moreover, confocal microscopy revealed that capsaicin treatment increased lysosomes which co-localized with LC3 positive vesicles in a similar extent to that produced by the lysosomal protease inhibitors E64 and pepstatin pointing to an autophagolysosomes breakdown inhibition. Furthermore, we found that capsaicin triggered ROS generation in cells, while the levels of ROS decreased with N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger. Co-treatment of cells with NAC and capsaicin abrogated the effects of capsaicin on autophagy and cell death. Normal prostate PNT2 and RWPE-1 cells were more resistant to capsaicin-induced cytotoxicity and did not accumulate p62 protein. Taken together, these results suggest that ROS-mediated capsaicin-induced autophagy blockage contributes to antiproliferation in prostate cancer cells, which provides new insights into the anticancer molecular mechanism of capsaicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágata Ramos-Torres
- Department of System Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, Alcala University, Alcala de Henares 28871, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Bort
- Department of System Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, Alcala University, Alcala de Henares 28871, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilia Morell
- Department of System Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, Alcala University, Alcala de Henares 28871, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nieves Rodríguez-Henche
- Department of System Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, Alcala University, Alcala de Henares 28871, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Díaz-Laviada
- Department of System Biology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, Alcala University, Alcala de Henares 28871, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Kilchrist KV, Evans BC, Brophy CM, Duvall CL. Mechanism of Enhanced Cellular Uptake and Cytosolic Retention of MK2 Inhibitory Peptide Nano-polyplexes. Cell Mol Bioeng 2016; 9:368-381. [PMID: 27818713 PMCID: PMC5089375 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-016-0446-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrostatic complexation of a cationic MAPKAP kinase 2 inhibitory (MK2i) peptide with the anionic, pH-responsive polymer poly(propylacrylic acid) (PPAA) yields MK2i nano-polyplexes (MK2i-NPs) that significantly increase peptide uptake and intracellular retention. This study focused on elucidating the mechanism of MK2i-NP cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking in vascular smooth muscle cells. Small molecule inhibition of various endocytic pathways showed that MK2i-NP cellular uptake involves both macropinocytosis and clathrin mediated endocytosis, whereas the free peptide exclusively utilizes clathrin mediated endocytosis for cell entry. Scanning electron microscopy studies revealed that MK2i-NPs, but not free MK2i peptide, induce cellular membrane ruffling consistent with macropinocytosis. TEM confirmed that MK2i-NPs induce macropinosome formation and achieve MK2i endo-lysosomal escape and cytosolic delivery. Finally, a novel technique based on recruitment of Galectin-8-YFP was utilized to demonstrate that MK2i-NPs cause endosomal disruption within 30 minutes of uptake. These new insights on the relationship between NP physicochemical properties and cellular uptake and trafficking can potentially be applied to further optimize the MK2i-NP system and more broadly toward the rational engineering of nano-scale constructs for the intracellular delivery of biologic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kameron V Kilchrist
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Brian C Evans
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Colleen M Brophy
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville TN 37212, USA
| | - Craig L. Duvall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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17
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The effect of quercetin nanoparticle on cervical cancer progression by inducing apoptosis, autophagy and anti-proliferation via JAK2 suppression. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:595-605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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18
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Zhuang H, Tian W, Li W, Zhang X, Wang J, Yang Y, Liu X, Xia Z, Feng D, Zhang L. Autophagic Cell Death and Apoptosis Jointly Mediate Cisatracurium Besylate-Induced Cell Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:515. [PMID: 27058536 PMCID: PMC4848971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisatracurium besylate is an ideal non-depolarizing muscle relaxant which is widely used in clinical application. However, some studies have suggested that cisatracurium besylate can affect cell proliferation. Moreover, its specific mechanism of action remains unclear. Here, we found that the number of GFP-LC3 (green fluoresent protein-light chain 3) positive autophagosomes and the rate of mitochondria fracture both increased significantly in drug-treated GFP-LC3 and MitoDsRed stable HeLa cells. Moreover, cisatracurium promoted the co-localization of LC3 and mitochondria and induced formation of autolysosomes. Levels of mitochondrial proteins decreased, which were reversed by the lysosome inhibitor Bafinomycin A1. Similar results with evidence of dose-dependent effects were found in both HeLa and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs). Cisatracurium lowered HUVEC viability to 0.16 (OD490) at 100 µM and to 0.05 (OD490) after 48 h in vitro; it increased the cell death rate to 56% at 100 µM and to 60% after 24 h in a concentration- and time-dependent manner (p < 0.01). Cell proliferation decreased significantly by four fold in Atg5 WT (wildtype) MEF (mouse embryonic fibroblast) (p < 0.01) but was unaffected in Atg5 KO (Knockout) MEF, even upon treatment with a high dose of cisatracurium. Cisatracurium induced significant increase in cell death of wild-type MEFs even in the presence of the apoptosis inhibitor zVAD. Thus, we conclude that activation of both the autophagic cell death and cell apoptosis pathways contributes to cisatracurium-mediated cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Zhuang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China.
| | - Weili Tian
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac-Cerebral Vascular Disease, Institute of Neurology, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China.
| | - Wen Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac-Cerebral Vascular Disease, Institute of Neurology, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China.
| | - Xingli Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac-Cerebral Vascular Disease, Institute of Neurology, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China.
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China.
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China.
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China.
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Anesthesiology Research Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Du Feng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac-Cerebral Vascular Disease, Institute of Neurology, Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China.
- The Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Liangqing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China.
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