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Jiang H, Yuan L, Ma L, Qi K, Zhang Y, Zhang B, Ma G, Qi J. Histone H3 N-Terminal Lysine Acetylation Governs Fungal Growth, Conidiation, and Pathogenicity through Regulating Gene Expression in Fusarium pseudograminearum. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:379. [PMID: 38921366 PMCID: PMC11204548 DOI: 10.3390/jof10060379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The acetylation of histone lysine residues regulates multiple life processes, including growth, conidiation, and pathogenicity in filamentous pathogenic fungi. However, the specific function of each lysine residue at the N-terminus of histone H3 in phytopathogenic fungi remains unclear. In this study, we mutated the N-terminal lysine residues of histone H3 in Fusarium pseudograminearum, the main causal agent of Fusarium crown rot of wheat in China, which also produces deoxynivalenol (DON) toxins harmful to humans and animals. Our findings reveal that all the FpH3K9R, FpH3K14R, FpH3K18R, and FpH3K23R mutants are vital for vegetative growth and conidiation. Additionally, FpH3K14 regulates the pathogen's sensitivity to various stresses and fungicides. Despite the slowed growth of the FpH3K9R and FpH3K23R mutants, their pathogenicity towards wheat stems and heads remains unchanged. However, the FpH3K9R mutant produces more DON. Furthermore, the FpH3K14R and FpH3K18R mutants exhibit significantly reduced virulence, with the FpH3K18R mutant producing minimal DON. In the FpH3K9R, FpH3K14R, FpH3K18R, and FpH3K23R mutants, there are 1863, 1400, 1688, and 1806 downregulated genes, respectively, compared to the wild type. These downregulated genes include many that are crucial for growth, conidiation, pathogenicity, and DON production, as well as some essential genes. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis indicates that genes downregulated in the FpH3K14R and FpH3K18R mutants are enriched for ribosome biogenesis, rRNA processing, and rRNA metabolic process. This suggests that the translation machinery is abnormal in the FpH3K14R and FpH3K18R mutants. Overall, our findings suggest that H3 N-terminal lysine residues are involved in regulating the expression of genes with important functions and are critical for fungal development and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Jiang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (H.J.); (L.M.); (K.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.Z.); (G.M.)
| | - Lifang Yuan
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China;
| | - Liguo Ma
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (H.J.); (L.M.); (K.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.Z.); (G.M.)
| | - Kai Qi
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (H.J.); (L.M.); (K.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.Z.); (G.M.)
| | - Yueli Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (H.J.); (L.M.); (K.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.Z.); (G.M.)
| | - Bo Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (H.J.); (L.M.); (K.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.Z.); (G.M.)
| | - Guoping Ma
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (H.J.); (L.M.); (K.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.Z.); (G.M.)
| | - Junshan Qi
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (H.J.); (L.M.); (K.Q.); (Y.Z.); (B.Z.); (G.M.)
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Liu J, Xiao Y, Cao L, Lu S, Zhang S, Yang R, Wang Y, Zhang N, Yu Y, Wang X, Guo W, Wang Z, Xu H, Xing C, Song X, Cao L. Insights on E1-like enzyme ATG7: functional regulation and relationships with aging-related diseases. Commun Biol 2024; 7:382. [PMID: 38553562 PMCID: PMC10980737 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a dynamic self-renovation biological process that maintains cell homeostasis and is responsible for the quality control of proteins, organelles, and energy metabolism. The E1-like ubiquitin-activating enzyme autophagy-related gene 7 (ATG7) is a critical factor that initiates classic autophagy reactions by promoting the formation and extension of autophagosome membranes. Recent studies have identified the key functions of ATG7 in regulating the cell cycle, apoptosis, and metabolism associated with the occurrence and development of multiple diseases. This review summarizes how ATG7 is precisely programmed by genetic, transcriptional, and epigenetic modifications in cells and the relationship between ATG7 and aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Liu
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Department of Anus and Intestine Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yutong Xiao
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Liangzi Cao
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Songming Lu
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Siyi Zhang
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ruohan Yang
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yubang Wang
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Naijin Zhang
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Yu
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiwen Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wendong Guo
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongde Xu
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Chengzhong Xing
- Department of Anus and Intestine Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Liu Cao
- The College of Basic Medical Science, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology of Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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Wu Z, Shi H, Li Y, Yan F, Sun Z, Lin C, Xu M, Lin F, Kou Y, Tao Z. Transcriptional Regulation of Autophagy-Related Genes by Sin3 Negatively Modulates Autophagy in Magnaporthe oryzae. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0017123. [PMID: 37191531 PMCID: PMC10269650 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00171-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved degradation and recycling pathway in eukaryotes and is important for their normal growth and development. An appropriate status of autophagy is crucial for organisms which is tightly regulated both temporally and continuously. Transcriptional regulation of autophagy-related genes (ATGs) is an important layer in autophagy regulation. However, the transcriptional regulators and their mechanisms are still unclear, especially in fungal pathogens. Here, we identified Sin3, a component of the histone deacetylase complex, as a transcriptional repressor of ATGs and negative regulator of autophagy induction in the rice fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. A loss of SIN3 resulted in upregulated expression of ATGs and promoted autophagy with an increased number of autophagosomes under normal growth conditions. Furthermore, we found that Sin3 negatively regulated the transcription of ATG1, ATG13, and ATG17 through direct occupancy and changed levels of histone acetylation. Under nutrient-deficient conditions, the transcription of SIN3 was downregulated, and the reduced occupancy of Sin3 from those ATGs resulted in histone hyperacetylation and activated their transcription and in turn promoted autophagy. Thus, our study uncovers a new mechanism of Sin3 in modulating autophagy through transcriptional regulation. IMPORTANCE Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved metabolic process and is required for the growth and pathogenicity of phytopathogenic fungi. The transcriptional regulators and precise mechanisms of regulating autophagy, as well as whether the induction or repression of ATGs is associated with autophagy level, are still poorly understood in M. oryzae. In this study, we revealed that Sin3 acts as a transcriptional repressor of ATGs to negatively regulate autophagy level in M. oryzae. Under the nutrient-rich conditions, Sin3 inhibits autophagy with a basal level through directly repressing the transcription of ATG1-ATG13-ATG17. Upon nutrient-deficient treatment, the transcriptional level of SIN3 would decrease and dissociation of Sin3 from those ATGs associates with histone hyperacetylation and activates their transcriptional expression and in turn contributes to autophagy induction. Our findings are important as we uncover a new mechanism of Sin3 for the first time to negatively modulate autophagy at the transcriptional level in M. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongling Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huanbin Shi
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
| | - Fei Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziyue Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuyu Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengting Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fucheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Kou
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zeng Tao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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4
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Abstract
Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination and acetylation, play crucial roles in the regulation of autophagy. Acetylation has emerged as an important regulatory mechanism for autophagy. Acetylation regulates autophagy initiation and autophagosome formation by targeting core components of the ULK1 complex, the BECN1-PIK3C3 complex, and the LC3 lipidation system. Recent studies have shown that acetylation occurs on the key proteins participating in autophagic cargo assembly and autophagosome-lysosome fusion, such as SQSTM1/p62 and STX17. In addition, acetylation controls autophagy at the transcriptional level by targeting histones and the transcription factor TFEB. Here, we review the current knowledge on acetylation of autophagy proteins and their regulations and functions in the autophagy pathway with focus on recent findings.Abbreviations : ACAT1: acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 1; ACSS2: acyl-CoA synthetase short chain family member 2; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATG: autophagy-related; CALCOCO2/NDP52: calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2; CCAR2/DBC1: cell cycle and apoptosis regulator 2; BECN1: beclin 1; CMA: chaperone-mediated autophagy; CREBBP/CBP: CREB binding protein; EP300/p300: E1A binding protein p300; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GSK3: glycogen synthase kinase 3; HDAC6: histone deacetylase 6; HSPA8/HSC70: heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 8; KAT2A/GCN5: lysine acetyltransferase 2A; KAT2B/PCAF: lysine acetyltransferase 2B; KAT5/TIP60: lysine acetyltransferase 5; KAT8/MOF: lysine acetyltransferase 8; LAMP2A: lysosomal associated membrane protein 2A; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NBR1: NBR1 autophagy cargo receptor; OPTN: optineurin; PD: Parkinson disease; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine; PIK3C3/VPS34: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; PKM2: pyruvate kinase M1/2; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; PTM: post-translational modification; RB1CC1/FIP200: RB1 inducible coiled-coil 1; RUBCN/Rubicon: rubicon autophagy regulator; RUBCNL/Pacer: rubicon like autophagy enhancer; SIRT1: sirtuin 1; SNAP29: synaptosome associated protein 29; SNARE: soluble N-ethylamide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; STX17: syntaxin 17; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TP53/p53: tumor protein p53; TP53INP2/DOR: tumor protein p53 inducible nuclear protein 2; UBA: ubiquitin-associated; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; VAMP8: vesicle associated membrane protein 8; WIPI2: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfeng Xu
- Laboratory of Basic Biology, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Wan
- Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Thoracic Surgery of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China,CONTACT Wei Wan Research Building B, Room 716, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310058, China
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Zhai J, Kongsberg WH, Pan Y, Hao C, Wang X, Sun J. Caloric restriction induced epigenetic effects on aging. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1079920. [PMID: 36712965 PMCID: PMC9880295 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1079920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is the subject of many studies, facilitating the discovery of many interventions. Epigenetic influences numerous life processes by regulating gene expression and also plays a crucial role in aging regulation. Increasing data suggests that dietary changes can alter epigenetic marks associated with aging. Caloric restriction (CR)is considered an intervention to regulate aging and prolong life span. At present, CR has made some progress by regulating signaling pathways associated with aging as well as the mechanism of action of intercellular signaling molecules against aging. In this review, we will focus on autophagy and epigenetic modifications to elaborate the molecular mechanisms by which CR delays aging by triggering autophagy, epigenetic modifications, and the interaction between the two in caloric restriction. In order to provide new ideas for the study of the mechanism of aging and delaying aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jie Sun
- *Correspondence: Xiaojing Wang, ; Jie Sun,
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Luan S, Chen Y, Wang X, Yan D, Xu J, Cui H, Huang Q. Synergy of cystamine and pyraclostrobin against Fusarium graminearum involves membrane permeability mitigation and autophagy enhancement. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:105287. [PMID: 36464340 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The application of fungicide mixture is one of the most important measures to extend the service life of highly selective fungicides. Pyraclostrobin (PYR), which has been extensively used to control plant diseases by inhibiting mitochondrial respiration of pathogenic fungi, is at a high risk of resistance development. In this study, the potential of PYR alone or in combination with cystamine, an inhibitor of microbial transglutaminase, to suppress Fusarium graminearum was tested in vitro and in vivo. A synergistic effect of PYR/CYS mixture was observed both in vitro and when applied to etiolated wheat coleoptile. The control effect of PYR/CYS mixture on F. graminearum was better than that of PYR alone, which was reflected by the increased protection effect. The discrepancies of membrane permeability and the redox-physiological state were observed between PYR and PYR/CYS treatments, suggesting that an increased PYR availability in F. graminearum mycelia could be related with the observed synergistic action. Moreover, a synergistic profile was observed between PYR and CYS in regard of massive autophagosomes in mycelia, indicating that enhanced autophagy could be involved in the mode of action of PYR/CYS mixture. The differential content of mitochondrial metabolites between PYR and PYR/CYS treatments also provided evidence for CYS contribution to the fungicidal action of PYR/CYS mixture. The results provide insight into the synergistic mechanism of action of PYR/CYS mixture and an effective way to enhance the efficiency of PYR to combat F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaorong Luan
- College of Life Science, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, 430223,PR China; Synergy Innovation Center of Biological Peptide Antidiabetics of Hubei Province, College of Life Science, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, 430223,PR China
| | - Yongjun Chen
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- College of Life Science, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, 430223,PR China; Synergy Innovation Center of Biological Peptide Antidiabetics of Hubei Province, College of Life Science, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, 430223,PR China
| | - Dongmei Yan
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Jialin Xu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Hairong Cui
- College of Life Science, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, 430223,PR China; Synergy Innovation Center of Biological Peptide Antidiabetics of Hubei Province, College of Life Science, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, 430223,PR China.
| | - Qingchun Huang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
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The Plant Homeodomain Protein Clp1 Regulates Fungal Development, Virulence, and Autophagy Homeostasis in Magnaporthe oryzae. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0102122. [PMID: 36036638 PMCID: PMC9602895 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01021-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is a serious threat to global grain yield and food security. Cti6 is a nuclear protein containing a plant homeodomain (PHD) that is involved in transcriptional regulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The biological function of its homologous protein in M. oryzae has been elusive. Here, we report Clp1 with a PHD domain in M. oryzae, a homologous protein of the yeast Cti6. Clp1 was mainly located in the nucleus and partly in the vesicles. Clp1 colocalized and interacted with the autophagy-related proteins Atg5, Atg7, Atg16, Atg24, and Atg28 at preautophagosomal structures (PAS) and autophagosomes, and the loss of Clp1 increased the fungal background autophagy level. Δclp1 displayed reduced hyphal growth and hyperbranching, abnormal fungal morphology (including colony, spore, and appressorium), hindered appressorial glycogen metabolism and turgor production, weakened plant infection, and decreased virulence. The PHD is indispensable for the function of Clp1. Therefore, this study revealed that Clp1 regulates development and pathogenicity by maintaining autophagy homeostasis and affecting gene transcription in M. oryzae. IMPORTANCE The fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae causes serious diseases of grasses such as rice and wheat. Autophagy plays an indispensable role in the pathogenic process of M. oryzae. Here, we report a Cti6-like protein, Clp1, that is involved in fungal development and infection of plants through controlling autophagy homeostasis in the cytoplasm and gene transcription in the nucleus in M. oryzae. This study will help us to understand an elaborated molecular mechanism of autophagy, gene transcription, and virulence in the rice blast fungus.
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Pereira de Sa N, Del Poeta M. Sterylglucosides in Fungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:1130. [PMID: 36354897 PMCID: PMC9698648 DOI: 10.3390/jof8111130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterylglucosides (SGs) are sterol conjugates widely distributed in nature. Although their universal presence in all living organisms suggests the importance of this kind of glycolipids, they are yet poorly understood. The glycosylation of sterols confers a more hydrophilic character, modifying biophysical properties of cell membranes and altering immunogenicity of the cells. In fungi, SGs regulate different cell pathways to help overcome oxygen and pH challenges, as well as help to accomplish cell recycling and other membrane functions. At the same time, the level of these lipids is highly controlled, especially in wild-type fungi. In addition, modulating SGs metabolism is becoming a novel tool for vaccine and antifungal development. In the present review, we bring together multiple observations to emphasize the underestimated importance of SGs for fungal cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivea Pereira de Sa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Maurizio Del Poeta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery (ICB&DD), Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, Northport, NY 11768, USA
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9
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Liang M, Dong L, Deng YZ. Circadian Redox Rhythm in Plant-Fungal Pathogen Interactions. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:726-738. [PMID: 35044223 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Circadian-controlled cellular growth, differentiation, and metabolism are mainly achieved by a classical transcriptional-translational feedback loop (TTFL), as revealed by investigations in animals, plants, and fungi. Recent Advances: Recently, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been reported as part of a cellular network synchronizing nontranscriptional oscillators with established TTFL components, adding complexity to regulatory mechanisms of circadian rhythm. Both circadian rhythm and ROS homeostasis have a great impact on plant immunity as well as fungal pathogenicity, therefore interconnections of these two factors are implicit in plant-fungus interactions. Critical Issues: In this review, we aim to summarize the recent advances in circadian-controlled ROS homeostasis, or ROS-modulated circadian clock, in plant-fungus pathosystems, particularly using the rice (Oryza sativa) blast fungus (Magnaporthe oryzae) pathosystem as an example. Understanding of such bidirectional interaction between the circadian timekeeping machinery and ROS homeostasis/signaling would provide a theoretical basis for developing disease control strategies for important plants/crops. Future Directions: Questions remain unanswered about the detailed mechanisms underlying circadian regulation of redox homeostasis in M. oryzae, and the consequent fungal differentiation and death in a time-of-day manner. We believe that the rice-M. oryzae pathobiosystem would provide an excellent platform for investigating such issues in circadian-ROS interconnections in a plant-fungus interaction context. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 726-738.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Liang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhen Deng
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Lin C, Wu Z, Shi H, Yu J, Xu M, Lin F, Kou Y, Tao Z. The additional PRC2 subunit and Sin3 histone deacetylase complex are required for the normal distribution of H3K27me3 occupancy and transcriptional silencing in Magnaporthe oryzae. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:576-589. [PMID: 35842786 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Development in higher organisms requires proper gene silencing, partially achieved through trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3). However, how the normal distribution of this modification is established and maintained and how it affects gene expression remains unclear, especially in fungi. Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) catalyses H3K27me3 to assemble transcriptionally repressed facultative heterochromatin and is crucial in animals, plants, and fungi. Here, we report on the critical role of an additional PRC2 subunit in the normal distribution of H3K27me3 occupancy and the stable maintenance of gene repression in the rice fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. P55, identified as an additional PRC2 subunit, is physically associated with core subunits of PRC2 and is required for a complete level of H3K27me3 modification. Loss of P55 caused severe global defects in the normal distribution of H3K27me3 and transcriptional reprogramming on the H3K27me3-occupied genes. Furthermore, we found that the Sin3 histone deacetylase complex was required to sustain H3K27me3 occupancy and stably maintain gene repression by directly interacting with P55. Our results revealed a novel mechanism by which P55 and Sin3 participate in the normal distribution of facultative heterochromatic modifications and the stable maintenance of gene repression in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyu Lin
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Zhongling Wu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Huanbin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Jinwei Yu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mengting Xu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fucheng Lin
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Yanjun Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Zeng Tao
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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11
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De Mandal S, Jeon J. Nuclear Effectors in Plant Pathogenic Fungi. MYCOBIOLOGY 2022; 50:259-268. [PMID: 36404902 PMCID: PMC9645283 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2022.2118928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear import of proteins is a fundamental process in the eukaryotes including plant. It has become evident that such basic process is exploited by nuclear effectors that contain nuclear localization signal (NLS) and are secreted into host cells by fungal pathogens of plants. However, only a handful of nuclear effectors have been known and characterized to date. Here, we first summarize the types of NLSs and prediction tools available, and then delineate examples of fungal nuclear effectors and their roles in pathogenesis. Based on the knowledge on NLSs and what has been gleaned from the known nuclear effectors, we point out the gaps in our understanding of fungal nuclear effectors that need to be filled in the future researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surajit De Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Junhyun Jeon
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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12
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The CfSnt2-Dependent Deacetylation of Histone H3 Mediates Autophagy and Pathogenicity of Colletotrichum fructicola. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8090974. [PMID: 36135699 PMCID: PMC9506038 DOI: 10.3390/jof8090974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Camellia oleifera is one of the most valuable woody edible-oil crops, and anthracnose seriously afflicts its yield and quality. We recently showed that the CfSnt2 regulates the pathogenicity of Colletotrichum fructicola, the dominant causal agent of anthracnose on C. oleifera. However, the molecular mechanisms of CfSnt2-mediated pathogenesis remain largely unknown. Here, we found that CfSnt2 is localized to the nucleus to regulate the deacetylation of histone H3. The further transcriptomic analysis revealed that CfSnt2 mediates the expression of global genes, including most autophagy-related genes. Furthermore, we provided evidence showing that CfSnt2 negatively regulates autophagy and is involved in the responses to host-derived ROS and ER stresses. These combined functions contribute to the pivotal roles of CfSnt2 on pathogenicity. Taken together, our studies not only illustrate how CfSnt2 functions in the nucleus, but also link its roles on the autophagy and responses to host-derived stresses with pathogenicity in C. fructicola.
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13
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Histone Acetyltransferase CfGcn5-Mediated Autophagy Governs the Pathogenicity of Colletotrichum fructicola. mBio 2022; 13:e0195622. [PMID: 35975920 PMCID: PMC9600425 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01956-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Camellia oleifera is a woody edible-oil plant in China, and anthracnose occurs wherever it is grown, causing serious losses each year. We previously identified that the histone acetyltransferase CfGcn5 orchestrates growth, development, and pathogenicity in Colletotrichum fructicola, the major causal agent of anthracnose on C. oleifera. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, we conducted a transcriptome analysis and found that CfGcn5 is mainly involved in ribosomes, catalytic and metabolic processes, primary metabolism, and autophagy. In addition, we provided evidence showing that CfGcn5 serves as an autophagy repressor to mediate the expression of many autophagy-related genes (ATG) and undergoes degradation during autophagy. Moreover, we found that the CfATG8 and CfATG9 gene-deletion mutants had defects in mitosis and autophagy, resulting in their decreased appressoria formation rates and lower turgor pressure. These combined effects caused the failure of their appressoria functions and caused defects on their pathogenicity, revealing the importance of autophagy in pathogenicity. Taken together, our study illustrates that the autophagy repressor CfGcn5 undergoes degradation in order to regulate autophagy-dependent pathogenicity in C. fructicola.
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14
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Sun L, Xiong H, Chen L, Dai X, Yan X, Wu Y, Yang M, Shan M, Li T, Yao J, Jiang W, He H, He F, Lian J. Deacetylation of ATG4B promotes autophagy initiation under starvation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo0412. [PMID: 35921421 PMCID: PMC9348796 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotes initiate autophagy when facing environmental changes such as a lack of external nutrients. However, the mechanisms of autophagy initiation are still not fully elucidated. Here, we showed that deacetylation of ATG4B plays a key role in starvation-induced autophagy initiation. Specifically, we demonstrated that ATG4B is activated during starvation through deacetylation at K39 by the deacetylase SIRT2. Moreover, starvation triggers SIRT2 dephosphorylation and activation in a cyclin E/CDK2 suppression-dependent manner. Meanwhile, starvation down-regulates p300, leading to a decrease in ATG4B acetylation at K39. K39 deacetylation also enhances the interaction of ATG4B with pro-LC3, which promotes LC3-II formation. Furthermore, an in vivo experiment using Sirt2 knockout mice also confirmed that SIRT2-mediated ATG4B deacetylation at K39 promotes starvation-induced autophagy initiation. In summary, this study reveals an acetylation-dependent regulatory mechanism that controls the role of ATG4B in autophagy initiation in response to nutritional deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangbo Sun
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Haojun Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lingxi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xufang Dai
- Department of Educational College, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 400047, China
| | - Xiaojing Yan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yaran Wu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Mingzhen Yang
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Meihua Shan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jie Yao
- Institute of Digital Medicine, Biomedical Engineering College, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Wenbin Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Haiyan He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Fengtian He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jiqin Lian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
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15
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Regulation of Autophagy Machinery in Magnaporthe oryzae. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158366. [PMID: 35955497 PMCID: PMC9369213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant diseases cause substantial loss to crops all over the world, reducing the quality and quantity of agricultural goods significantly. One of the world’s most damaging plant diseases, rice blast poses a substantial threat to global food security. Magnaporthe oryzae causes rice blast disease, which challenges world food security by causing substantial damage in rice production annually. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved breakdown and recycling system in eukaryotes that regulate homeostasis, stress adaption, and programmed cell death. Recently, new studies found that the autophagy process plays a vital role in the pathogenicity of M. oryzae and the regulation mechanisms are gradually clarified. Here we present a brief summary of the recent advances, concentrating on the new findings of autophagy regulation mechanisms and summarize some autophagy-related techniques in rice blast fungus. This review will help readers to better understand the relationship between autophagy and the virulence of plant pathogenic fungi.
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16
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Lai Y, Wang L, Zheng W, Wang S. Regulatory Roles of Histone Modifications in Filamentous Fungal Pathogens. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8060565. [PMID: 35736048 PMCID: PMC9224773 DOI: 10.3390/jof8060565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungal pathogens have evolved diverse strategies to infect a variety of hosts including plants and insects. The dynamic infection process requires rapid and fine-tuning regulation of fungal gene expression programs in response to the changing host environment and defenses. Therefore, transcriptional reprogramming of fungal pathogens is critical for fungal development and pathogenicity. Histone post-translational modification, one of the main mechanisms of epigenetic regulation, has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of gene expressions, and is involved in, e.g., fungal development, infection-related morphogenesis, environmental stress responses, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and pathogenicity. This review highlights recent findings and insights into regulatory mechanisms of histone methylation and acetylation in fungal development and pathogenicity, as well as their roles in modulating pathogenic fungi–host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Lai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China; (L.W.); (W.Z.)
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Lili Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China; (L.W.); (W.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weilu Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China; (L.W.); (W.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sibao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200032, China; (L.W.); (W.Z.)
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (S.W.)
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17
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Tang L, Chu T, Shang J, Yang R, Song C, Bao D, Tan Q, Jian H. Oxidative Stress and Autophagy Are Important Processes in Post Ripeness and Brown Film Formation in Mycelium of Lentinula edodes. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:811673. [PMID: 35283832 PMCID: PMC8908433 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.811673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler, the shiitake mushroom, is one of the most important mushrooms in the global mushroom industry. Although mycelium post ripeness and brown film (BF) formation are crucial for fruiting body initiation, the underlying molecular mechanisms of BF formation are largely unknown. In this study, proteomic quantification (relative and absolute) and metabolomic profiling of L. edodes were performed using isobaric tags and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, respectively. A total of 2,474 proteins were identified, which included 239 differentially expressed proteins. Notably, several proteins associated with autophagy were upregulated, including RPD3, TOR1, VAC8, VPS1, and VPS27. Transmission electron microscopy also indicated that autophagy occurred in post ripeness and BF formation. In time-dependent analysis of the metabolome, metabolites associated with oxidative stress and autophagy changed significantly, including mannitol, trehalose, myo-inositol, glucose, leucine, valine, glutamine, and 4-aminobutyric acid. Thus, oxidative stress and autophagy were important processes in post ripeness and BF formation in L. edodes, and new insights were gained into molecular mechanisms at proteome and metabolome levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Tang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (China), National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Chu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (China), National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai, China.,School of Food Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjun Shang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (China), National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiheng Yang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (China), National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyan Song
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (China), National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai, China
| | - Dapeng Bao
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (China), National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Tan
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (China), National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai, China
| | - Huahua Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Cai YY, Wang JY, Wu XY, Liang S, Zhu XM, Li L, Lu JP, Liu XH, Lin FC. MoOpy2 is essential for fungal development, pathogenicity, and autophagy in Magnaporthe oryzae. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:1653-1671. [PMID: 35229430 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The development and pathogenicity of the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of destructive rice blast disease, require it to perceive external environmental signals. Opy2, an overproduction-induced pheromone-resistant protein 2, is a crucial protein for sensing external signals in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, the biological functions of the homolog of Opy2 in M. oryzae are unclear. In this study, we identified that MoOPY2 is involved in fungal development, pathogenicity, and autophagy in M. oryzae. Deletion of MoOPY2 resulted in pleiotropic defects in hyphal growth, conidiation, germ tube extension, appressorium formation, appressorium turgor generation, and invasive growth, therefore leading to attenuated pathogenicity. Furthermore, MoOpy2 participates in the Osm1 MAPK pathway and the Mps1 MAPK pathway by interacting with the adaptor protein Mst50. The interaction sites of Mst50 and MoOpy2 colocalized with the autophagic marker protein MoAtg8 in the preautophagosomal structure sites (PAS). Notably, the ΔMoopy2 mutant caused cumulative MoAtg8 lipidation and rapid GFP-MoAtg8 degradation in response to nitrogen starvation, showing that MoOpy2 is involved in the negative regulation of autophagy activity. Taken together, our study revealed that MoOpy2 of M. oryzae plays an essential role in the orchestration of fungal development, appressorium penetration, autophagy and pathogenesis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jing-Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xi-Yu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Central Laboratory, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Xue-Ming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Jian-Ping Lu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fu-Cheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
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19
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Yu J, He X, Xu C, Yu M, Song T, Cao H, Pan X, Qi Z, Du Y, Zhang R, Liang D, Liu Y. Autophagy-related protein UvAtg7 contributes to mycelial growth, virulence, asexual reproduction and cell stress response in rice false smut fungus Ustilaginoidea virens. Fungal Genet Biol 2022; 159:103668. [PMID: 35041987 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2022.103668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved mechanism for nutrient and cytoplasmic components recycling in eukaryotic cell, in which E1-like enzyme Atg7 activates ubiquitin-like conjugation in the autophagy pathway. In plant pathogenic fungi Ustilaginoidea virens, UvAtg7, an ortholog of ATG7 in baker's yeast was identified and functionally investigated. UvAtg7 was confirmed to be essential for autophagy, because the disruption of UvATG7 gene in U. virens completely blocked the fusion of autophagosome-like into vacuoles and catalytic degradation of GFP-UvAtg8 under N-starving condition. The fluorescent signal indicated UvAtg7 protein was dispersed in cytoplasma, but spatially coordinated with core autophagy protein UvAtg8 on occasion. Interestingly, disruption of UvATG7 in U. virens caused slightly reduction in mycelial growth, but resulted in a considerable decrease in virulence, conidia production in YT broth and chlamydospore formation on rice false smut balls. Moreover, the UvATG7 deletion mutants exhibited increased sensitivity to cell wall integrity stress caused by congo red and calcofluor white , meanwhile the UvATG7 deletion mutants showed decreased sensitivity to osmotic stress, cell membrane stress and reactiveoxygen stress caused by sorbitol, sodium dodecyl sulfate and H2O2, respectively. All of these defects in UvATG7 deletion mutants could be partially or completely restored by gene complementation. In general, our study indicates that UvAtg7 is essential in autophagy pathway and contributes to mycelial growth, virulence, asexual reproduction and cell stress response in U. virens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Yu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiang He
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Cunfa Xu
- Central Labotory, Jiangu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Mina Yu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Tianqiao Song
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Huijuan Cao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiayan Pan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhongqiang Qi
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yan Du
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Rongsheng Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Dong Liang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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20
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Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic degradative process in which damaged cellular organelles, unwanted proteins and different cytoplasmic components get recycled to maintain cellular homeostasis or metabolic balance. During autophagy, a double membrane vesicle is formed to engulf these cytosolic materials and fuse to lysosomes wherein the entire cargo degrades to be used again. Because of this unique recycling ability of cells, autophagy is a universal stress response mechanism. Dysregulation of autophagy leads to several diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration and microbial infection. Thus, autophagy machineries have become targets for therapeutics. This chapter provides an overview of the paradoxical role of autophagy in tumorigenesis in the perspective of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Sikder
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Atanu Mondal
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
- Homi Bhaba National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Chandrima Das
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
- Homi Bhaba National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Tapas K Kundu
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, India.
- Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.
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21
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Liu J, An B, Luo H, He C, Wang Q. The histone acetyltransferase FocGCN5 regulates growth, conidiation, and pathogenicity of the banana wilt disease causal agent Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense tropical race 4. Res Microbiol 2021; 173:103902. [PMID: 34838989 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2021.103902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Chromatin structure modifications by histone acetyltransferase are involved in multiple biological processes in eukaryotes. In the present study, the GCN5 homologue FocGCN5 was identified in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc TR4). The coding gene was then knocked out to investigate the roles of FocGNC5. The mutant ΔFocGCN5 was found significantly reduced in growth rate and conidiation, and almost completely lost pathogenicity to banana plantlets. The RNA-seq analysis provide an insight into the underlying mechanism. Firstly, transcription of the genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and fungal cell wall synthesis was reduced in ΔFocGCN5, leading to the impairment of apical deposition of cell-wall material. Secondly, FocabaA, one of the pivotal regulators of conidiation, was significantly reduced in expression in ΔFocGCN5, which might be the main cause of the conidiation reduction. Thirdly, the pathogenicity-associated factors, including effectors and plant cell wall degrading enzymes, were almost all down-regulated in ΔFocGCN5, which accounts for the decrease of pathogenicity. In addition, the stress tolerance to salt, heat, and cell wall inhibitors was slightly increased in ΔFocGCN5. Taken together, our studies clarify the roles of FocGCN5 in growth, conidiation, and pathogenicity of Foc TR4, and explore the possible mechanism behind its biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bang An
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongli Luo
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaozu He
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiannan Wang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Yan Y, Tang J, Yuan Q, Liu H, Huang J, Hsiang T, Bao C, Zheng L. Ornithine decarboxylase of the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum higginsianum plays an important role in regulating global metabolic pathways and virulence. Environ Microbiol 2021; 24:1093-1116. [PMID: 34472183 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Colletotrichum higginsianum is an important fungal pathogen causing anthracnose disease of cruciferous plants. In this study, we characterized a putative orthologue of yeast SPE1 in C. higginsianum, named ChODC. Deletion mutants of ChODC were defective in hyphal and conidial development. Importantly, deletion of ChODC significantly affected appressorium-mediated penetration in C. higginsianum. However, polyamines partially restore appressorium function and virulence indicating that loss of ChODC caused significantly decreased virulence by the crosstalk between polyamines and other metabolic pathways. Subsequently, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses demonstrated that ChODC played an important role in metabolism of various carbon and nitrogen compounds including amino acids, carbohydrates and lipids. Along with these clues, we found deletion of ChODC affected glycogen and lipid metabolism, which were important for conidial storage utilization and functional appressorium formation. Loss of ChODC affected the mTOR signalling pathway via modulation of autophagy. Interestingly, cAMP treatment restored functional appressoria to the ΔChODC mutant, and rapamycin treatment also stimulated formation of functional appressoria in the ΔChODC mutant. Overall, ChODC was associated with the polyamine biosynthesis pathway, as a mediator of cAMP and mTOR signalling pathways to regulate appressorium function. Our study provides evidence of a link between ChODC and the cAMP signalling pathway and defines a novel mechanism by which ChODC regulates infection-associated autophagy and plant infection by fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Yan
- Institute of Vegetable, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, 310021, China.,State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology/Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jintian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology/Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qinfeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology/Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology/Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Junbin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology/Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tom Hsiang
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Chonglai Bao
- Institute of Vegetable, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology/Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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23
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Liu W, Triplett L, Chen XL. Emerging Roles of Posttranslational Modifications in Plant-Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 59:99-124. [PMID: 33909479 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-021320-010948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) play crucial roles in regulating protein function and thereby control many cellular processes and biological phenotypes in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Several recent studies illustrate how plant fungal and bacterial pathogens use these PTMs to facilitate development, stress response, and host infection. In this review, we discuss PTMs that have key roles in the biological and infection processes of plant-pathogenic fungi and bacteria. The emerging roles of PTMs during pathogen-plant interactions are highlighted. We also summarize traditional tools and emerging proteomics approaches for PTM research. These discoveries open new avenues for investigating the fundamental infection mechanisms of plant pathogens and the discovery of novel strategies for plant disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wende Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Lindsay Triplett
- Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA;
| | - Xiao-Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Provincial Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
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24
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Wang J, Liu C, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Ma Z. Protein acetylation and deacetylation in plant-pathogen interactions. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:4841-4855. [PMID: 34398483 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein acetylation and deacetylation catalysed by lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) and deacetylases (KDACs), respectively, are major mechanisms regulating various cellular processes. During the fight between microbial pathogens and host plants, both apply a set of measures, including acetylation interference, to strengthen themselves while suppressing the other. In this review, we first summarize KATs and KDACs in plants and their pathogens. Next, we introduce diverse acetylation and deacetylation mechanisms affecting protein functions, including the regulation of enzyme activity and specificity, protein-protein or protein-DNA interactions, subcellular localization and protein stability. We then focus on the current understanding of acetylation and deacetylation in plant-pathogen interactions. Additionally, we also discuss potential acetylation-related approaches for controlling plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youfu Zhao
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Zhonghua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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25
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The GCN5: its biological functions and therapeutic potentials. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:231-257. [PMID: 33443284 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
General control non-depressible 5 (GCN5) or lysine acetyltransferase 2A (KAT2A) is one of the most highly studied histone acetyltransferases. It acts as both histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and lysine acetyltransferase (KAT). As an HAT it plays a pivotal role in the epigenetic landscape and chromatin modification. Besides, GCN5 regulates a wide range of biological events such as gene regulation, cellular proliferation, metabolism and inflammation. Imbalance in the GCN5 activity has been reported in many disorders such as cancer, metabolic disorders, autoimmune disorders and neurological disorders. Therefore, unravelling the role of GCN5 in different diseases progression is a prerequisite for both understanding and developing novel therapeutic agents of these diseases. In this review, we have discussed the structural features, the biological function of GCN5 and the mechanical link with the diseases associated with its imbalance. Moreover, the present GCN5 modulators and their limitations will be presented in a medicinal chemistry perspective.
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26
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Xue Y, Hu M, Chen S, Hu A, Li S, Han H, Lu G, Zeng L, Zhou J. Enterobacter asburiae and Pantoea ananatis Causing Rice Bacterial Blight in China. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:2078-2088. [PMID: 33342235 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-20-2292-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rice bacterial blight is a devastating bacterial disease threatening rice yield all over the world and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is traditionally believed to be the pathogen. In recent years, we have received diseased rice samples with symptoms of blighted leaves from Sichuan and Guangdong provinces, China. Pathogen isolation and classification identified two different enterobacteria as the causal agents, namely Enterobacter asburiae and Pantoea ananatis. Among them, E. asburiae was isolated from samples of both provinces, and P. ananatis was only isolated from the Sichuan samples. Different from rice foot rot pathogen Dickeya zeae EC1 and rice bacterial blight pathogen X. oryzae pv. oryzae PXO99A, strains SC1, RG1, and SC7 produced rare cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) but more extrapolysaccharides (EPS). E. asburiae strains SC1 and RG1 produced bacteriostatic substances while P. ananatis strain SC7 produced none. Pathogenicity tests indicated that all of them infected monocotyledonous rice and banana seedlings, but not dicotyledonous potato, radish, or cabbage. Moreover, strain RG1 was most virulent, while strains SC1 and SC7 were similarly virulent on rice leaves, even though strain SC1 propagated significantly faster in rice leaf tissues than strain SC7. This study firstly discovered E. asburiae as a new pathogen of rice bacterial blight, and in some cases, P. ananatis could be a companion pathogen. Analysis on production of virulence factors suggested that both pathogens probably employ a different mechanism to infect hosts other than using cell wall degrading enzymes to break through host cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xue
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ming Hu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Anqun Hu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shimao Li
- Agricultural Technology Service Centre of Daojiao Town, Dongguan 523170, China
| | - Haiya Han
- Dongguan Agricultural Technology Extension Management Office, Dongguan 523010, China
| | - Guangtao Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Lisha Zeng
- Dongguan Banana and Vegetable Research Institute, Dongguan 523061, China
| | - Jianuan Zhou
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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27
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Lin C, Cao X, Qu Z, Zhang S, Naqvi NI, Deng YZ. The Histone Deacetylases MoRpd3 and MoHst4 Regulate Growth, Conidiation, and Pathogenicity in the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. mSphere 2021; 6:e0011821. [PMID: 34190584 PMCID: PMC8265625 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00118-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As the causal agent of the blast disease, Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most destructive fungal pathogens of rice. Histone acetylation/deacetylation is important for remodeling of chromatin superstructure and thus altering gene expression. In this study, two genes encoding histone deacetylases, namely, MoRPD3 and MoHST4, were identified and functionally characterized in M. oryzae. MoHst4 was required for proper mycelial growth and pathogenicity, whereas overproduction of MoRpd3 led to loss of pathogenicity, likely due to a block in conidial cell death and restricted invasive growth within the host plants. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-MoRpd3 localized to the nucleus and cytoplasm in vegetative hyphae and developing conidia. By comparative transcriptomics analysis, we identified potential target genes epigenetically regulated by histone deacetylases (HDACs) containing MoRpd3 or MoHst4, which may contribute to conidia formation and/or conidial cell death, which is a prerequisite for successful appressorium-mediated host invasion. Taken together, our results suggest that histone deacetylases MoRpd3 and MoHst4 differentially regulate mycelial growth, asexual development, and pathogenesis in M. oryzae. IMPORTANCE HDACs (histone deacetylases) regulate various aspects of growth, development, and pathogenesis in plant-pathogenic fungi. Most members of HDAC classes I to III have been functionally characterized, except for orthologous Rpd3 and Hst4, in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. In this study, we assessed the function of MoRpd3 and MoHst4 by reverse genetics and found that they differentially regulate M. oryzae vegetative growth, asexual development, and infection. Particularly, MoRpd3 negatively regulates M. oryzae pathogenicity, likely through suppression of conidial cell death, which we recently reported as being critical for appressorium maturation and functioning. Overall, this study broadens our understanding of fungal pathobiology and its critical regulation by histone modification(s) during cell death and in planta differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxiang Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Cao
- Laboratory of Plant Virology, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziwei Qu
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shulin Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Naweed I. Naqvi
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Zhen Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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28
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Zhang S, Guo Y, Chen S, Li H. The Histone Acetyltransferase CfGcn5 Regulates Growth, Development, and Pathogenicity in the Anthracnose Fungus Colletotrichum fructicola on the Tea-Oil Tree. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:680415. [PMID: 34248895 PMCID: PMC8260702 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.680415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The tea-oil tree (Camellia oleifera Abel.) is a commercial edible-oil tree in China, and anthracnose commonly occurs in its plantations, causing great losses annually. We have previously revealed that CfSnf1 is essential for pathogenicity in Colletotrichum fructicola, the major pathogen of anthracnose on the tea-oil tree. Here, we identified CfGcn5 as the homolog of yeast histone acetyltransferase ScGcn5, which cooperates with ScSnf1 to modify histone H3 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Targeted gene deletion revealed that CfGcn5 is important in fungi growth, conidiation, and responses to environmental stresses. Pathogenicity assays indicated that CfGcn5 is essential for C. fructicola virulence both in unwounded and wounded tea-oil tree leaves. Further, we found that CfGcn5 is localized to the nucleus and this specific localization is dependent on both NLS region and HAT domain. Moreover, we provided evidence showing that the nuclear localization is essential but not sufficient for the full function of CfGcn5, and the NLS, HAT, and Bromo domains were proven to be important for normal CfGcn5 functions. Taken together, our studies not only illustrate the key functions of CfGcn5 in growth, development, and pathogenicity but also highlight the relationship between its locations with functions in C. fructicola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengpei Zhang
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of National Forestry, Grassland Administration on Control of Artificial Forest Diseases and Pests in South China, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory for Non-wood Forest Cultivation and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan Guo
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of National Forestry, Grassland Administration on Control of Artificial Forest Diseases and Pests in South China, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory for Non-wood Forest Cultivation and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Siqi Chen
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of National Forestry, Grassland Administration on Control of Artificial Forest Diseases and Pests in South China, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory for Non-wood Forest Cultivation and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - He Li
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of National Forestry, Grassland Administration on Control of Artificial Forest Diseases and Pests in South China, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory for Non-wood Forest Cultivation and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
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29
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Shi Y, Shen HM, Gopalakrishnan V, Gordon N. Epigenetic Regulation of Autophagy Beyond the Cytoplasm: A Review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:675599. [PMID: 34195194 PMCID: PMC8237754 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.675599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process induced under various stress conditions to protect the cell from harm and allow survival in the face of nutrient- or energy-deficient states. Regulation of autophagy is complex, as cells need to adapt to a continuously changing microenvironment. It is well recognized that the AMPK and mTOR signaling pathways are the main regulators of autophagy. However, various other signaling pathways have also been described to regulate the autophagic process. A better understanding of these complex autophagy regulatory mechanisms will allow the discovery of new potential therapeutic targets. Here, we present a brief overview of autophagy and its regulatory pathways with emphasis on the epigenetic control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Shi
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han-Ming Shen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Vidya Gopalakrishnan
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nancy Gordon
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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30
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Wang J, Xu C, Sun Q, Xu J, Chai Y, Berg G, Cernava T, Ma Z, Chen Y. Post-translational regulation of autophagy is involved in intra-microbiome suppression of fungal pathogens. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:131. [PMID: 34092253 PMCID: PMC8182927 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01077-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbiome interactions are important determinants for ecosystem functioning, stability, and health. In previous studies, it was often observed that bacteria suppress potentially pathogenic fungal species that are part of the same plant microbiota; however, the underlying microbe-microbe interplay remains mostly elusive. Here, we explored antagonistic interactions of the fungus Fusarium graminearum and bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus at the molecular level. Both are ubiquitous members of the healthy wheat microbiota; under dysbiosis, the fungus causes devastating diseases. RESULTS In co-cultures, we found that Streptomyces alters the fungal acetylome leading to substantial induction of fungal autophagy. The bacterium secrets rapamycin to inactivate the target of rapamycin (TOR), which subsequently promotes the degradation of the fungal histone acetyltransferase Gcn5 through the 26S proteasome. Gcn5 negatively regulates fungal autophagy by acetylating the autophagy-related protein Atg8 at the lysine site K13 and blocking cellular relocalization of Atg8. Thus, degradation of Gcn5 triggered by rapamycin was found to reduce Atg8 acetylation, resulting in autophagy induction in F. graminearum. CONCLUSIONS Autophagy homeostasis plays an essential role in fungal growth and competition, as well as for virulence. Our work reveals a novel post-translational regulation of autophagy initiated by a bacterial antibiotic. Rapamycin was shown to be a powerful modulator of bacteria-fungi interactions with potential importance in explaining microbial homeostasis in healthy plant microbiomes. The autophagic process provides novel possibilities and targets to biologically control pathogens. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chaoyun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qiming Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jinrong Xu
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Yunrong Chai
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gabriele Berg
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Tomislav Cernava
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Zhonghua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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31
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Zhang W, Huang J, Cook DE. Histone modification dynamics at H3K27 are associated with altered transcription of in planta induced genes in Magnaporthe oryzae. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009376. [PMID: 33534835 PMCID: PMC7886369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional dynamic in response to environmental and developmental cues are fundamental to biology, yet many mechanistic aspects are poorly understood. One such example is fungal plant pathogens, which use secreted proteins and small molecules, termed effectors, to suppress host immunity and promote colonization. Effectors are highly expressed in planta but remain transcriptionally repressed ex planta, but our mechanistic understanding of these transcriptional dynamics remains limited. We tested the hypothesis that repressive histone modification at H3-Lys27 underlies transcriptional silencing ex planta, and that exchange for an active chemical modification contributes to transcription of in planta induced genes. Using genetics, chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing and RNA-sequencing, we determined that H3K27me3 provides significant local transcriptional repression. We detail how regions that lose H3K27me3 gain H3K27ac, and these changes are associated with increased transcription. Importantly, we observed that many in planta induced genes were marked by H3K27me3 during axenic growth, and detail how altered H3K27 modification influences transcription. ChIP-qPCR during in planta growth suggests that H3K27 modifications are generally stable, but can undergo dynamics at specific genomic locations. Our results support the hypothesis that dynamic histone modifications at H3K27 contributes to fungal genome regulation and specifically contributes to regulation of genes important during host infection. Fungal pathogens of crops and humans pose annual threats to our food and health. There are many steps to the host infection process, during which fungal pathogens display unique growth, and use specific genes to cause disease. Despite this knowledge, many aspects of how pathogens regulate their genome to enact this process remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate how chemical modification of lysine residues on the histone H3, which helps organize and control DNA usage, play an important regulatory role in the model fungal pathogen causing rice blast disease. Our analysis shows a significant association between genes important for host infection and H3 lysine 27 methylation. We show that by experimentally changing histone modifications, many fungal genes normally used during plant infection are turned on outside of the host. Furthermore, we detail how histone modifications can change naturally in the fungus during plant infection. These findings help broaden our knowledge of genome regulation for these pathogens, and advances the goal of a more comprehensive understanding of the infection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Kansas State University, Department of Plant Pathology, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Jun Huang
- Kansas State University, Department of Plant Pathology, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - David E. Cook
- Kansas State University, Department of Plant Pathology, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Soni N, Hegde N, Dhariwal A, Kushalappa AC. Role of laccase gene in wheat NILs differing at QTL-Fhb1 for resistance against Fusarium head blight. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 298:110574. [PMID: 32771175 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused mainly by Fusarium graminearum (Fg), is one of the most severe diseases of wheat. It affects grain yield and quality due to mycotoxin contamination, which is harmful for both human and livestock consumption. Cell wall lignification, following pathogen invasion, is one of the innate defense responses. Plant laccases are known to lignify the secondary cell walls. A metabolo-genomics study identified laccase as one of the candidate genes in QTL-Fhb1 of wheat NILs derived from Sumai 3*5/Thatcher cross. Based on phylogenetics, it was named as TaLAC4. Real-time qPCR revealed a strongly induced expression of TaLAC4 in NIL-R. The VIGS based transient silencing of TaLAC4 in NIL-R resulted in an increased susceptibility leading to Fg spread within the entire spike in 15dpi, contrasting to non-silenced where the infection was limited to inoculated spikelets. Histopathology revealed thickened cell walls, mainly due to G-lignin, in non-silenced NIL-R, relative to silenced, in conjunction with higher total lignin content. Metabolic profiling of TaLAC4 silenced NILs identified the accumulation of several precursor metabolites higher in abundances upstream TaLAC4. These results confirm that the resistance function of TaLAC4 in NIL-R is due to pathogen-induced lignification of secondary cell walls in the rachis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Soni
- Plant Science Department, McGill University, Ste.-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Niranjan Hegde
- Plant Science Department, McGill University, Ste.-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
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Shi HB, Chen N, Zhu XM, Su ZZ, Wang JY, Lu JP, Liu XH, Lin FC. The casein kinase MoYck1 regulates development, autophagy, and virulence in the rice blast fungus. Virulence 2020; 10:719-733. [PMID: 31392921 PMCID: PMC8647852 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2019.1649588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Casein kinases are serine/threonine protein kinases that are evolutionarily conserved in yeast and humans and are involved in a range of important cellular processes. However, the biological functions of casein kinases in the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of destructive rice blast disease, are not characterized. Here, two casein kinases, MoYCK1 and MoHRR25, were identified and targeted for replacement, but only MoYCK1 was further characterized due to the possible nonviability of the MoHRR25 deletion mutant. Disruption of MoYCK1 caused pleiotropic defects in growth, conidiation, conidial germination, and appressorium formation and penetration, therefore resulting in reduced virulence in rice seedlings and barley leaves. Notably, the MoYCK1 deletion triggered quick lipidation of MoAtg8 and degradation of the autophagic marker protein GFP-MoAtg8 under nitrogen starvation conditions, in contrast to the wild type, indicating that autophagy activity was negatively regulated by MoYck1. Furthermore, we found that HOPS (homotypic fusion and vacuolar protein sorting) subunit MoVps41, a putative substrate of MoYck1, was co-located with MoAtg8 and positively required for the degradation of MoAtg8-PE and GFP-MoAtg8. In addition, MoYCK1 is also involved in the response to ionic hyperosmotic and heavy metal cation stresses. Taken together, our results revealed crucial roles of the casein kinase MoYck1 in regulating development, autophagy and virulence in M. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Bin Shi
- a State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Biotechnology Institute, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China.,b State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute , Hangzhou , China
| | - Nan Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Biotechnology Institute, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Xue-Ming Zhu
- a State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Biotechnology Institute, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Zhen-Zhu Su
- a State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Biotechnology Institute, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Jiao-Yu Wang
- c State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science , Hangzhou , China
| | - Jian-Ping Lu
- d College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Xiao-Hong Liu
- a State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Biotechnology Institute, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Fu-Cheng Lin
- a State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Biotechnology Institute, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
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Li J, Hu M, Xue Y, Chen X, Lu G, Zhang L, Zhou J. Screening, Identification and Efficacy Evaluation of Antagonistic Bacteria for Biocontrol of Soft Rot Disease Caused by Dickeya zeae. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8050697. [PMID: 32397545 PMCID: PMC7285164 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dickeya zeae is the causal agent of bacterial soft rot disease, with a wide range of hosts all over the world. At present, chemical agents, especially agricultural antibiotics, are commonly used in the prevention and control of bacterial soft rot, causing the emergence of resistant pathogens and therefore increasing the difficulty of disease prevention and control. This study aims to provide a safer and more effective biocontrol method for soft rot disease caused by D. zeae. The spot-on-lawn assay was used to screen antagonistic bacteria, and three strains including SC3, SC11 and 3-10 revealed strong antagonistic effects and were identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. parafulva and Bacillus velezensis, respectively, using multi-locus sequence analysis (MLSA) based on the sequences of 16S rRNA and other housekeeping genes. In vitro antimicrobial activity showed that two Pseudomonas strains SC3 and SC11 were only antagonistic to some pathogenic bacteria, while strain 3-10 had broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity on both pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Evaluation of control efficacy in greenhouse trials showed that they all restrained the occurrence and development of soft rot disease caused by D. zeae MS2 or EC1. Among them, strain SC3 had the most impressive biocontrol efficacy on alleviating the soft rot symptoms on both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous hosts, and strain 3-10 additionally reduced the occurrence of banana wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubensis. This is the first report of P. fluorescens, P. parafulva and B. velezensis as potential bio-reagents on controlling soft rot disease caused by D. zeae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieling Li
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.L.); (M.H.); (Y.X.); (X.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Ming Hu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.L.); (M.H.); (Y.X.); (X.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Yang Xue
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.L.); (M.H.); (Y.X.); (X.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Xia Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.L.); (M.H.); (Y.X.); (X.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Guangtao Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
| | - Lianhui Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.L.); (M.H.); (Y.X.); (X.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Jianuan Zhou
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (J.L.); (M.H.); (Y.X.); (X.C.); (L.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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Li Y, Liu X, Yin Z, You Y, Zou Y, Liu M, He Y, Zhang H, Zheng X, Zhang Z, Wang P. MicroRNA-like milR236, regulated by transcription factor MoMsn2, targets histone acetyltransferase MoHat1 to play a role in appressorium formation and virulence of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Fungal Genet Biol 2020; 137:103349. [PMID: 32006681 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2020.103349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in various cellular growth and developmental processes through post-transcriptional gene regulation via mRNA cleavage and degradation and the inhibition of protein translation. To explore if miRNAs play a role in appressoria formation and virulence that are also governed by the regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, we have compared small RNA (sRNA) production between several ΔMorgs mutant and the wild-type strains. We have identified sRNA236 as a microRNA-like milR236 that targets the encoding sequence of MoHat1, a histone acetyltransferase type B catalytic subunit involved in appressorium function and virulence. We have also found that milR236 overexpression induces delayed appressorium formation and virulence attenuation, similar to those displayed by the ΔMohat1 mutant strain. Moreover, we have shown that the transcription factor MoMsn2 binds to the promoter sequence of milR236 to further suppress MoHAT1 transcription and MoHat1-regulated appressorium formation and virulence. In summary, by identifying a novel regulatory role of sRNA in the blast fungus, our studies reveal a new paradigm in the multifaceted regulatory pathways that govern the appressorium formation and virulence of M. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ziyi Yin
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yimei You
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yibin Zou
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Muxing Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanglan He
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaobo Zheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhengguang Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, and Pediatrics Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Li Z, Wu L, Wu H, Zhang X, Mei J, Zhou X, Wang GL, Liu W. Arginine methylation is required for remodelling pre-mRNA splicing and induction of autophagy in rice blast fungus. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:413-429. [PMID: 31478201 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) regulate many physiological processes, including autophagy. However, the direct roles of the various PRMTs during autophagosome formation remain unclear. Here, we characterised the function of MoHMT1 in the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae. Knockout of MoHMT1 results in inhibited growth and a decreased ability to cause disease lesions on rice seedlings. MoHMT1 catalyses the di-methylation of arginine 247, 251, 261 and 271 residues of MoSNP1, a U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) component, likely in a manner dependent on direct interaction. RNA-seq analysis revealed that alternative splicing of pre-mRNAs of 558 genes, including the autophagy-related (ATG) gene MoATG4, was altered in MoHMT1 deletion mutants, compared with wild-type strains under normal growth conditions. During light exposure or nitrogen starvation, MoHMT1 localises to autophagosomes and MoHMT1 mutants display defects in autophagy induction. Under nitrogen starvation, six additional MoATG genes were identified with retained introns in their mRNA transcripts, corresponding with a significant reduction in transcripts of intron-spliced isoforms in the MoHMT1 mutant strain. Our study shows that arginine methylation plays an essential role in accurate pre-mRNA splicing necessary for a range of developmental processes, including autophagosome formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liye Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xixi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jie Mei
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guo-Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Wende Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
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37
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Dubey A, Lee J, Kwon S, Lee Y, Jeon J. A MYST family histone acetyltransferase, MoSAS3, is required for development and pathogenicity in the rice blast fungus. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2019; 20:1491-1505. [PMID: 31364260 PMCID: PMC6804344 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Histone acetylation has been established as a principal epigenetic regulatory mechanism in eukaryotes. Sas3, a histone acetyltransferase belonging to the largest family of acetyltransferase, MYST, is the catalytic subunit of a conserved histone acetyltransferase complex. To date, the functions of Sas3 and its orthologues have been extensively studied in yeast, humans and flies in relation to global acetylation and transcriptional regulation. However, its precise impact on development and pathogenicity in fungal plant pathogens has yet to be elucidated. Considering the importance of Sas3 in H3K14 acetylation, here we investigate the roles of its orthologue in the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae (Pyricularia oryzae). Unlike a previously reported Sas3 deletion in yeast, which led to no remarkable phenotypic changes, we found that MoSAS3 deletion alone had a profound effect on fungal growth and development, including asexual reproduction, germination and appressorium formation in M. oryzae. Such defects in pre-penetration development resulted in complete loss of pathogenicity in the deletion mutant. Furthermore, genetic analysis of MoSAS3 and MoGCN5 encoding a Gcn5-related N-acetyltransferase family histone acetyltransferase suggested that two conserved components of histone acetylation are integrated differently into epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in the yeast and a filamentous fungus. RNA-seq analysis of ΔMosas3 showed two general trends: many DNA repair and DNA damage response genes are up-regulated, while carbon and nitrogen metabolism genes are down-regulated in ΔMosas3. Our work demonstrates the importance of MYST family histone acetyltransferase as a developmental regulator and illuminates a degree of functional variation in conserved catalytic subunits among different fungal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Dubey
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life and Applied SciencesYeungnam UniversityGyeongsanGyeongbuk38541Korea
| | - Jongjune Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life and Applied SciencesYeungnam UniversityGyeongsanGyeongbuk38541Korea
| | - Seomun Kwon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Korea
- Present address:
Heinrich‐Heine University Düsseldorf, Institute for Microbiology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant SciencesDüsseldorf40204Germany
| | - Yong‐Hwan Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Korea
- Center for Fungal Genetic ResourcesSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Korea
- Plant Immunity Research CenterSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Korea
| | - Junhyun Jeon
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life and Applied SciencesYeungnam UniversityGyeongsanGyeongbuk38541Korea
- Plant Immunity Research CenterSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826Korea
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38
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Abstract
The blast disease, caused by the ascomycete Magnaporthe oryzae, poses a great threat to rice production worldwide. Increasing use of fungicides and/or blast-resistant varieties of rice (Oryza sativa) has proved to be ineffective in long-term control of blast disease under field conditions. To develop effective and durable resistance to blast, it is important to understand the cellular mechanisms underlying pathogenic development in M. oryzae. In this review, we summarize the latest research in phototropism, autophagy, nutrient and redox signaling, and intrinsic phytohormone mimics in M. oryzae for cellular and metabolic adaptation(s) during its interactions with the host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhen Deng
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre and State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Naweed I Naqvi
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory and the Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604;
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Zhang S, Lin C, Zhou T, Zhang LH, Deng YZ. Karyopherin MoKap119-mediated nuclear import of cyclin-dependent kinase regulator MoCks1 is essential for Magnaporthe oryzae pathogenicity. Cell Microbiol 2019; 22:e13114. [PMID: 31487436 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear import of proteins relies on nuclear import receptors called importins/karyopherins (Kaps), whose functions were reported in yeasts, fungi, plants, and animal cells, including cell cycle control, morphogenesis, stress sensing/response, and also fungal pathogenecity. However, limited is known about the physiological function and regulatory mechanism of protein import in the rice-blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Here, we identified an ortholog of β-importin in M. oryzae encoded by an ortholog of KAP119 gene. Functional characterisation of this gene via reverse genetics revealed that it is required for vegetative growth, conidiation, melanin pigmentation, and pathogenicity of M. oryzae. The mokap119Δ mutant was also defective in formation of appressorium-like structure from hyphal tips. By affinity assay and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, we identified potential MoKap119-interacting proteins and further verified that MoKap119 interacts with the cyclin-dependent kinase subunit MoCks1 and mediates its nuclear import. Transcriptional profiling indicated that MoKap119 may regulate transcription of infection-related genes via MoCks1 regulation of MoSom1. Overall, our findings provide a novel insight into the regulatory mechanism of M. oryzae pathogenesis likely by MoKap119-mediated nuclear import of the cyclin-dependent kinase subunit MoCks1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Integrative Microbiology Research Centre/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoxiang Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Integrative Microbiology Research Centre/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Integrative Microbiology Research Centre/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lian-Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Integrative Microbiology Research Centre/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhen Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Integrative Microbiology Research Centre/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Elías-Villalobos A, Barrales RR, Ibeas JI. Chromatin modification factors in plant pathogenic fungi: Insights from Ustilago maydis. Fungal Genet Biol 2019; 129:52-64. [PMID: 30980908 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation to the environment is a requirement for the survival of every organism. For pathogenic fungi this also implies coping with the different conditions that occur during the infection cycle. After detecting changes to external media, organisms must modify their gene expression patterns in order to accommodate the new circumstances. Control of gene expression is a complex process that involves the coordinated action of multiple regulatory elements. Chromatin modification is a well-known mechanism for controlling gene expression in response to environmental changes in all eukaryotes. In pathogenic fungi, chromatin modifications are known to play crucial roles in controlling host interactions and their virulence capacity, yet little is known about the specific genes they directly target and to which signals they respond. The smut fungus Ustilago maydis is an excellent model system in which multiple molecular and cellular approaches are available to study biotrophic interactions. Many target genes regulated during the infection process have been well studied, however, how they are controlled and specifically how chromatin modifications affect gene regulation in the context of infection is not well known in this organism. Here, we analyse the presence of chromatin modifying enzymes and complexes in U. maydis and discuss their putative roles in this plant pathogen in the context of findings from other organisms, including other plant pathogens such as Magnaporthe oryzae and Fusarium graminearum. We propose U. maydis as a remarkable organism with interesting chromatin features, which would allow finding new functions of chromatin modifications during plant pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Elías-Villalobos
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), UMR5237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Ramón R Barrales
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - José I Ibeas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, de Sevilla-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain
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Lin HY, Wang JJ, Feng MG, Ying SH. Autophagy-related gene ATG7 participates in the asexual development, stress response and virulence of filamentous insect pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. Curr Genet 2019; 65:1015-1024. [PMID: 30879087 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-019-00955-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a sophisticated mechanism for maintaining cellular homeostasis, in which E1-like enzyme (ATG7) controls the activation of ubiquitin-like conjugation system in the autophagy pathway. In the insect pathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana, a yeast ortholog of ATG7 was identified and functionally analyzed. Ablation of BbATG7 gene blocks the autophagic process under starvation stress. The mutant ΔBbATG7 exhibited impaired growth on the media with chitin as single nitrogen source. On rich media, gene loss did not cause notable effect on vegetative growth, but resulted in a considerable reduction in conidiation (71.6%) and blastospore yield (61.1%) in the mutant. In addition, the ΔBbATG7 mutant displayed increased sensitivity to stress caused by menadione and Congo red. The virulence of ΔBbATG7 mutant was significantly attenuated as indicated in topical and intrahemocoel injection assays. Our study indicates that BbATG7 contributes to B. bassiana virulence via regulating autophagy pathway and playing non-autophagic functions in the infection cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Lin
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jia-Jia Wang
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ming-Guang Feng
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Sheng-Hua Ying
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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42
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Yin Z, Chen C, Yang J, Feng W, Liu X, Zuo R, Wang J, Yang L, Zhong K, Gao C, Zhang H, Zheng X, Wang P, Zhang Z. Histone acetyltransferase MoHat1 acetylates autophagy-related proteins MoAtg3 and MoAtg9 to orchestrate functional appressorium formation and pathogenicity in Magnaporthe oryzae. Autophagy 2019; 15:1234-1257. [PMID: 30776962 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1580104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is critical for normal appressorium formation and pathogenicity of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, but the molecular base of autophagy linked to pathogenicity remains elusive in this or other pathogenic fungi. We found that MoHat1, a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) homolog, had a role in the regulation of autophagy through the acetylation of autophagy related proteins MoAtg3 and MoAtg9. We also found that MoHat1 was subject to regulation by the protein kinase MoGsk1 that modulated the translocation of MoHat1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm with the assistance of MoSsb1, a protein chaperone. The alternation of intracellular location affected MoHat1 in the modification of cytosolic autophagy proteins that maintained normal autophagy. Furthermore, we provided evidence linking acetylation of MoAtg3 and MoAtg9 by MoHat1 to functional appressorium development and pathogenicity. Together with the first report of MoAtg9 being subject to acetylation regulation by MoHat1, our studies depicted how MoHat1 regulated autophagy in conjunction with MoGsk1 and how normal autophagy was linked to appressorium formation and function and pathogenicity of M. oryzae. Abbreviations: A/Ala: alanine; AP: autophagosome; Atg genes/proteins: autophagy-related genes/proteins; BiFC: bimolecular fluorescence complementation; co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; DAPI: 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; D/Asp: aspartic acid; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GSK3: glycogen synthase kinase 3; HAT: histone acetyltransferase; Hsp70: heat-shock protein 70; IH: invasive hyphae; K/Lys: lysine; MMS: methyl methanesulfonate; Mo: Magnaporthe oryzae; PAS: phagophore assembly site; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine; PtdIns3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; R/Arg: arginine; S/Ser: serine; T/Thr: threonine; TOR: target of rapamycin; WT: wild type; YFP: yellow fluorescent protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Yin
- a Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China.,b Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests , Ministry of Education , Nanjing , China
| | - Chen Chen
- a Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China.,b Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests , Ministry of Education , Nanjing , China
| | - Jie Yang
- a Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China.,b Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests , Ministry of Education , Nanjing , China
| | - Wanzhen Feng
- a Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China.,b Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests , Ministry of Education , Nanjing , China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- a Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China.,b Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests , Ministry of Education , Nanjing , China
| | - Rongfang Zuo
- a Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China.,b Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests , Ministry of Education , Nanjing , China
| | - Jingzhen Wang
- a Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China.,b Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests , Ministry of Education , Nanjing , China
| | - Lina Yang
- a Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China.,b Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests , Ministry of Education , Nanjing , China
| | - Kaili Zhong
- a Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China.,b Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests , Ministry of Education , Nanjing , China
| | - Chuyun Gao
- a Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China.,b Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests , Ministry of Education , Nanjing , China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- a Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China.,b Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests , Ministry of Education , Nanjing , China
| | - Xiaobo Zheng
- a Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China.,b Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests , Ministry of Education , Nanjing , China
| | - Ping Wang
- c Departments of Pediatrics, and Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology , Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center , New Orleans , LA , USA
| | - Zhengguang Zhang
- a Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China.,b Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests , Ministry of Education , Nanjing , China
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Abstract
The interaction between pathogens and their host plants is a ubiquitous process. Some plant fungal pathogens can form a specific infection structure, such as an appressorium, which is formed by the accumulation of a large amount of glycerin and thereby the creation of an extremely high intracellular turgor pressure, which allows the penetration peg of the appressorium to puncture the leaf cuticle of the host. Previous studies have shown that autophagy energizes the accumulation of pressure by appressoria, which induces its pathogenesis. Similar to other eukaryotic organisms, autophagy processes are highly conserved pathways that play important roles in filamentous fungal pathogenicity. This review aims to demonstrate how the autophagy process affects the pathogenicity of plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ming Zhu
- a State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Lin Li
- a State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Min Wu
- a State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Shuang Liang
- a State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Huan-Bin Shi
- a State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Xiao-Hong Liu
- a State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Fu-Cheng Lin
- a State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
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Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics of Lysine Acetylome Identifies Substrates of Gcn5 in Magnaporthe oryzae Autophagy and Epigenetic Regulation. mSystems 2018; 3:mSystems00270-18. [PMID: 30505942 PMCID: PMC6247014 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00270-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gcn5 is a histone acetyltransferase that was previously shown to regulate phototropic and starvation-induced autophagy in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, likely via modification on autophagy protein Atg7. In this study, we identified more potential substrates of Gcn5-mediated acetylation by quantitative and comparative acetylome analyses. By epifluorescence microscopy and biochemistry experiments, we verified that Gcn5 may regulate autophagy induction at both the epigenetic and posttranslational levels and regulate autophagic degradation of a critical metabolic enzyme pyruvate kinase (Pk) likely via acetylation. Overall, our findings reveal comprehensive posttranslational modification executed by Gcn5, in response to various external stimuli, to synergistically promote cellular differentiation in a fungal pathogen. The rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae poses a great threat to global food security. During its conidiation (asexual spore formation) and appressorium (infecting structure) formation, autophagy is induced, serving glycogen breakdown or programmed cell death function, both essential for M. oryzae pathogenicity. Recently, we identified an M. oryzae histone acetyltransferase (HAT) Gcn5 as a key regulator in phototropic induction of autophagy and asexual spore formation while serving a cellular function other than autophagy induction during M. oryzae infection. To further understand the regulatory mechanism of Gcn5 on M. oryzae pathogenicity, we set out to identify more Gcn5 substrates by comparative acetylome between the wild-type (WT) and GCN5 overexpression (OX) mutant and between OX mutant and GCN5 deletion (knockout [KO]) mutant. Our results showed that Gcn5 regulates autophagy induction and other important aspects of fungal pathogenicity, including energy metabolism, stress response, cell toxicity and death, likely via both epigenetic regulation (histone acetylation) and posttranslational modification (nonhistone protein acetylation). IMPORTANCE Gcn5 is a histone acetyltransferase that was previously shown to regulate phototropic and starvation-induced autophagy in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, likely via modification on autophagy protein Atg7. In this study, we identified more potential substrates of Gcn5-mediated acetylation by quantitative and comparative acetylome analyses. By epifluorescence microscopy and biochemistry experiments, we verified that Gcn5 may regulate autophagy induction at both the epigenetic and posttranslational levels and regulate autophagic degradation of a critical metabolic enzyme pyruvate kinase (Pk) likely via acetylation. Overall, our findings reveal comprehensive posttranslational modification executed by Gcn5, in response to various external stimuli, to synergistically promote cellular differentiation in a fungal pathogen.
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Hu M, Li J, Chen R, Li W, Feng L, Shi L, Xue Y, Feng X, Zhang L, Zhou J. Dickeya zeae strains isolated from rice, banana and clivia rot plants show great virulence differentials. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:136. [PMID: 30336787 PMCID: PMC6194671 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1300-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dickeya zeae is the causal agent of maize and rice foot rot diseases, but recently it was also found to infect banana and cause severe losses in China. Strains from different sources showed significant diversity in nature, implying complicated evolution history and pathogenic mechanisms. RESULTS D. zeae strains were isolated from soft rot banana plants and ornamental monocotyledonous Clivia miniata. Compared with D. zeae strain EC1 isolated from rice, clivia isolates did not show any antimicrobial activity, produced less extracellular enzymes, had a much narrow host ranges, but released higher amount of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS). In contrast, the banana isolates in general produced more extracellular enzymes and EPS than strain EC1. Furthermore, we provided evidence that the banana D. zeae isolate MS2 produces a new antibiotic/phytotoxin(s), which differs from the zeamine toxins produced by rice pathogen D. zeae strain EC1 genetically and in its antimicrobial potency. CONCLUSIONS The findings from this study expanded the natural host range of D. zeae and highlighted the genetic and phenotypic divergence of D. zeae strains. Conclusions can be drawn from a series of tests that at least two types of D. zeae strains could cause the soft rot disease of banana, with one producing antimicrobial compound while the other producing none, and the D. zeae clivia strains could only infect monocot hosts. D. zeae strains isolated from different sources have diverse virulence characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hu
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Department of Plant Pathology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Jieling Li
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Department of Plant Pathology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Ruiting Chen
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Department of Plant Pathology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Department of Plant Pathology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Luwen Feng
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Department of Plant Pathology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Lei Shi
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Department of Plant Pathology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Yang Xue
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Department of Plant Pathology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Xiaoyin Feng
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Department of Plant Pathology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Lianhui Zhang
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Department of Plant Pathology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Jianuan Zhou
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Department of Plant Pathology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
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He M, Xu Y, Chen J, Luo Y, Lv Y, Su J, Kershaw MJ, Li W, Wang J, Yin J, Zhu X, Liu X, Chern M, Ma B, Wang J, Qin P, Chen W, Wang Y, Wang W, Ren Z, Wu X, Li P, Li S, Peng Y, Lin F, Talbot NJ, Chen X. MoSnt2-dependent deacetylation of histone H3 mediates MoTor-dependent autophagy and plant infection by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Autophagy 2018; 14:1543-1561. [PMID: 29929416 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1458171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is essential for appressorium-mediated plant infection by Magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of rice blast disease and a major threat to global food security. The regulatory mechanism of pathogenicity-associated autophagy, however, remains largely unknown. Here, we report the identification and functional characterization of a plausible ortholog of yeast SNT2 in M. oryzae, which we term MoSNT2. Deletion mutants of MoSNT2 are compromised in autophagy homeostasis and display severe defects in autophagy-dependent fungal cell death and pathogenicity. These mutants are also impaired in infection structure development, conidiation, oxidative stress tolerance and cell wall integrity. MoSnt2 recognizes histone H3 acetylation through its PHD1 domain and thereby recruits the histone deacetylase complex, resulting in deacetylation of H3. MoSnt2 binds to promoters of autophagy genes MoATG6, 15, 16, and 22 to regulate their expression. In addition, MoTor controls MoSNT2 expression to regulate MoTor signaling which leads to autophagy and rice infection. Our study provides evidence of a direct link between MoSnt2 and MoTor signaling and defines a novel epigenetic mechanism by which MoSNT2 regulates infection-associated autophagy and plant infection by the rice blast fungus. ABBREVIATIONS M. oryzae: Magnaporthe oryzae; S. cerevisiae: Saccharomyces cerevisiae; F. oxysporum: Fusarium oxysporum; U. maydis: Ustilago maydis; Compl.: complemented strains of ΔMosnt2 expressing MoSNT2-GFP; ATG: autophagy-related; HDAC: histone deacetylase complex; Tor: target of rapamycin kinase; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase in mammals; MoSnt2: DNA binding SaNT domain protein in M. oryzae; MoTor: target of rapamycin kinase in M. oryzae; MoAtg8: autophagy-related protein 8 in M. oryzae; MoHos2: hda one similar protein in M. oryzae; MoeIf4G: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 G in M. oryzae; MoRs2: ribosomal protein S2 in M. oryzae; MoRs3: ribosomal protein S3 in M. oryzae; MoIcl1: isocitrate lyase in M. oryzae; MoSet1: histone H3K4 methyltransferase in M. oryzae; Asd4: ascus development 4; Abl1: AMP-activated protein kinase β subunit-like protein; Tig1: TBL1-like gene required for invasive growth; Rpd3: reduced potassium dependency; KAT8: lysine (K) acetyltransferase 8; PHD: plant homeodomain; ELM2: Egl-27 and MTA1 homology 2; GFP: green fluorescent protein; YFP: yellow fluorescent protein; YFPCTF: C-terminal fragment of YFP; YFPNTF: N-terminal fragment of YFP; GST: glutathione S-transferase; bp: base pairs; DEGs: differentially expressed genes; CM: complete medium; MM-N: minimum medium minus nitrogen; CFW: calcofluor white; CR: congo red; DAPI: 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; BiFC: bimolecular fluorescence complementation; RT: reverse transcription; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; qPCR: quantitative polymerase chain reaction; RNAi: RNA interference; ChIP: chromatin immunoprecipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min He
- a State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases & Collaborative Innovation Center for Hybrid Rice in Yangtze River Basin, Rice Research Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China.,b School of Biosciences , University of Exeter , Exeter , UK
| | - Youpin Xu
- a State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases & Collaborative Innovation Center for Hybrid Rice in Yangtze River Basin, Rice Research Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - Jinhua Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases & Collaborative Innovation Center for Hybrid Rice in Yangtze River Basin, Rice Research Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - Yuan Luo
- a State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases & Collaborative Innovation Center for Hybrid Rice in Yangtze River Basin, Rice Research Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - Yang Lv
- a State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases & Collaborative Innovation Center for Hybrid Rice in Yangtze River Basin, Rice Research Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - Jia Su
- a State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases & Collaborative Innovation Center for Hybrid Rice in Yangtze River Basin, Rice Research Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | | | - Weitao Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases & Collaborative Innovation Center for Hybrid Rice in Yangtze River Basin, Rice Research Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - Jing Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases & Collaborative Innovation Center for Hybrid Rice in Yangtze River Basin, Rice Research Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - Junjie Yin
- a State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases & Collaborative Innovation Center for Hybrid Rice in Yangtze River Basin, Rice Research Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - Xiaobo Zhu
- a State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases & Collaborative Innovation Center for Hybrid Rice in Yangtze River Basin, Rice Research Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- c State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Biotechnology Institute , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | - Mawsheng Chern
- d Department of Plant Pathology , University of California , Davis , CA , USA
| | - Bingtian Ma
- a State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases & Collaborative Innovation Center for Hybrid Rice in Yangtze River Basin, Rice Research Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - Jichun Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases & Collaborative Innovation Center for Hybrid Rice in Yangtze River Basin, Rice Research Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - Peng Qin
- a State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases & Collaborative Innovation Center for Hybrid Rice in Yangtze River Basin, Rice Research Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - Weilan Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases & Collaborative Innovation Center for Hybrid Rice in Yangtze River Basin, Rice Research Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - Yuping Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases & Collaborative Innovation Center for Hybrid Rice in Yangtze River Basin, Rice Research Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - Wenming Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases & Collaborative Innovation Center for Hybrid Rice in Yangtze River Basin, Rice Research Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - Zhenglong Ren
- a State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases & Collaborative Innovation Center for Hybrid Rice in Yangtze River Basin, Rice Research Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - Xianjun Wu
- a State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases & Collaborative Innovation Center for Hybrid Rice in Yangtze River Basin, Rice Research Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - Ping Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases & Collaborative Innovation Center for Hybrid Rice in Yangtze River Basin, Rice Research Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - Shigui Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases & Collaborative Innovation Center for Hybrid Rice in Yangtze River Basin, Rice Research Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
| | - Youliang Peng
- e State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and MOA, Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China
| | - Fucheng Lin
- c State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Biotechnology Institute , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China
| | | | - Xuewei Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases & Collaborative Innovation Center for Hybrid Rice in Yangtze River Basin, Rice Research Institute , Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu , China
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Yang G, Hu Y, Fasoyin OE, Yue Y, Chen L, Qiu Y, Wang X, Zhuang Z, Wang S. The Aspergillus flavus Phosphatase CDC14 Regulates Development, Aflatoxin Biosynthesis and Pathogenicity. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:141. [PMID: 29868497 PMCID: PMC5950752 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible protein phosphorylation is known to play important roles in the regulation of various cellular processes in eukaryotes. Phosphatase-mediated dephosphorylation are integral components of cellular signal pathways by counteracting the phosphorylation action of kinases. In this study, we characterized the functions of CDC14, a dual-specificity phosphatase in the development, secondary metabolism and crop infection of Aspergillus flavus. Deletion of AflCDC14 resulted in a growth defect and abnormal conidium morphology. Inactivation of AflCDC14 caused defective septum and failure to generate sclerotia. Additionally, the AflCDC14 deletion mutant (ΔCDC14) displayed increased sensitivity to osmotic and cell wall integrity stresses. Importantly, it had a significant increase in aflatoxin production, which was consistent with the up-regulation of the expression levels of aflatoxin biosynthesis related genes in ΔCDC14 mutant. Furthermore, seeds infection assays suggested that AflCDC14 was crucial for virulence of A. flavus. It was also found that the activity of amylase was decreased in ΔCDC14 mutant. AflCDC14-eRFP mainly localized to the cytoplasm and vesicles during coidial germination and mycelial development stages. Taken together, these results not only reveal the importance of the CDC14 phosphatase in the regulation of development, aflatoxin biosynthesis and virulence in A. flavus, but may also provide a potential target for controlling crop infections of this fungal pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yule Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Opemipo E Fasoyin
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuewei Yue
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lijie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiuna Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhenhong Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Cai Q, Wang JJ, Fu B, Ying SH, Feng MG. Gcn5-dependent histone H3 acetylation and gene activity is required for the asexual development and virulence of Beauveria bassiana. Environ Microbiol 2018; 20:1484-1497. [PMID: 29417710 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gcn5 is a core histone acetyltransferase that catalyzes histone H3 acetylation on N-terminal lysine residues in yeasts and was reported to catalyze H3K9/K14 acetylation required for activating asexual development in Aspergillus. Here, we report a localization of Gcn5 ortholog in the nucleus and cytoplasm of Beauveria bassiana, a fungal insect pathogen. Deletion of gcn5 led to hypoacetylated H3 at K9/14/18/27 and 97% reduction in conidiation capacity as well as severe defects in colony growth and conidial thermotolerance. Two master conidiation genes, namely brlA and abaA, were transcriptionally repressed to undetectable level in Δgcn5, but sharply upregulated in wild-type, at the beginning time of conidiation. Based on chromatin immunoprecipitation, both DNA and acetylation levels of the distal and proximal fragments of the brlA promoter bound by acetylated H3K14 alone were upregulated in wild-type, but not in Δgcn5, at the mentioned time. In Δgcn5, normal cuticle infection was abolished while virulence through cuticle-bypassing infection was greatly attenuated, accompanied by drastically reduced activities of putative cuticle-degrading enzymes, retarded dimorphic transition and transcriptional repression of associated genes. These findings unveil a novel mechanism by which Gcn5 activates asexual development pathway by acetylating H3K14 and regulates the virulence-related cellular events in B. bassiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Cai
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan-Juan Wang
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, People's Republic of China.,School of Biological Science and Biotechnology, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Fu
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Hua Ying
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Guang Feng
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, People's Republic of China
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Shi Y, Wang H, Yan Y, Cao H, Liu X, Lin F, Lu J. Glycerol-3-Phosphate Shuttle Is Involved in Development and Virulence in the Rice Blast Fungus Pyricularia oryzae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:687. [PMID: 29875789 PMCID: PMC5974175 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The glycerol-3-phosphate (G-3-P) shuttle is an important pathway for delivery of cytosolic reducing equivalents into mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and plays essential physiological roles in yeast, plants, and animals. However, its role has been unclear in filamentous and pathogenic fungi. Here, we characterize the function of the G-3-P shuttle in Pyricularia oryzae by genetic and molecular analyses. In P. oryzae, a glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (PoGpd1) is involved in NO production, conidiation, and utilization of several carbon sources (pyruvate, sodium acetate, glutamate, and glutamine). A glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 (PoGpd2) is essential for glycerol utilization and fungal development. Deletion of PoGPD2 led to delayed aerial hyphal formation, accelerated aerial hyphal collapse, and reduced conidiation on complete medium (CM) under a light-dark cycle. Aerial mycelial surface hydrophobicity to water and Tween 20 was decreased in ΔPogpd2. Melanin synthesis genes required for cell wall construction and two transcription factor genes (COS1 and CONx2) required for conidiation and/or aerial hyphal differentiation were down-regulated in the aerial mycelia of ΔPogpd2 and ΔPogpd1. Culturing under continuous dark could complement the defects of aerial hyphal differentiation of ΔPogpd2 observed in a light-dark cycle. Two light-sensitive protein genes (PoSIR2 encoding an NAD+-dependent deacetylase and TRX2 encoding a thioredoxin 2) were up-regulated in ΔPogpd2 cultured on CM medium in a light-dark cycle. ΔPogpd2 showed an increased intracellular NAD+/NADH ratio and total NAD content, and alteration of intracellular ATP production. Culturing on minimal medium also could restore aerial hyphal differentiation of ΔPogpd2, which is deficient on CM medium in a light-dark cycle. Two glutamate synthesis genes, GDH1 and PoGLT1, which synthesize glutamate coupled with oxidation of NADH to NAD+, were significantly up-regulated in ΔPogpd2 in a light-dark cycle. Moreover, deletion of PoGpd1 or PoGpd2 led to reduced virulence of conidia or hyphae on rice. The glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle is involved in cellular redox, fungal development, and virulence in P. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkai Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Cao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Biotechnology Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fucheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Biotechnology Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianping Lu,
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Li XY, Wang SS, Han Z, Han F, Chang YP, Yang Y, Xue M, Sun B, Chen LM. Triptolide Restores Autophagy to Alleviate Diabetic Renal Fibrosis through the miR-141-3p/PTEN/Akt/mTOR Pathway. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 9:48-56. [PMID: 29246323 PMCID: PMC5602517 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis is the major pathological feature of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Autophagy, a process to maintain metabolic homeostasis, is obviously inhibited in DKD. Triptolide (TP) is a traditional Chinese medicine extract known for immune suppression and anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. In this study, we investigated the effects of TP on autophagy and fibrosis in DKD. TP restored autophagy and alleviated fibrosis in DKD rats and high-glucose-incubated human mesangial cells. After we applied 3-methyladenine (an autophagy inhibitor) and autophagy-related gene 5-small interfering RNA (siRNA), we found that the improvement of fibrosis on TP was related to the restoration of autophagy. In addition, miR-141-3p levels were increased under high glucose but reduced after TP treatment. miR-141-3p overexpression aggravated the fibrosis and restrained the autophagy further, while miR-141-3p inhibition imitated the effects of TP. As an action target, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) showed corresponding opposite changes. After PTEN-siRNA transfection, the effects of TP on autophagy and fibrosis were inhibited. PTEN levels were downregulated, with downstream phosphorylated protein kinase B (Akt) and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) upregulated in high glucose, which were reversed by TP treatment. These findings indicate that TP alleviates fibrosis by restoring autophagy through the miR-141-3p/PTEN/Akt/mTOR pathway and is a novel therapeutic option for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Shan-Shan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Zhe Han
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Fei Han
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yun-Peng Chang
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Mei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Bei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Li-Ming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
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