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Rong X, Liu C, Li M, Shi J, Yu M, Sheng W, Zhu B, Wang Z. A long-wavelength mitochondria-targeted CO fluorescent probe for living cells and zebrafish imaging. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:442-448. [PMID: 38165694 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01886e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) not only causes damage to life and health as an environmental pollutant, but also undertakes many physiological functions in organisms. In particular, developing means that can be used for the determination of CO in organelles will provide insight into the vital role it plays. Studies have shown that mitochondrial respiration is closely related to CO concentrations, so it is critical to develop tools for CO detection in mitochondria. Here, we use a rhodamine derivative that can target mitochondria as fluorophores to construct a mitochondrial-labeled CO fluorescence probe (Rh-CO) with high sensitivity (detection limit: 9.4 nM), excellent water-solubility, and long emission (λem = 630 nm). Prominently, the probe has outstanding mitochondria-targeting capabilities. Moreover, we used transient glucose deprivation (TGD) and heme to stimulate endogenous CO production in living cells and zebrafish, respectively, and the probe exhibited excellent imaging capabilities. All in all, we expect this probe to contribute to a deeper understanding of the role played by CO in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Rong
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Caiyun Liu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Mingzhu Li
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Jiafan Shi
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Miaohui Yu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China.
| | - Wenlong Sheng
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China.
| | - Baocun Zhu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Zhongpeng Wang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
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Mavroudis CD, Lewis A, Greenwood JC, Kelly M, Ko TS, Forti RM, Shin SS, Shofer FS, Ehinger JK, Baker WB, Kilbaugh TJ, Jang DH. Investigation of Cerebral Mitochondrial Injury in a Porcine Survivor Model of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. J Med Toxicol 2024; 20:39-48. [PMID: 37847352 PMCID: PMC10774472 DOI: 10.1007/s13181-023-00971-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless and odorless gas that is a leading cause of environmental poisoning in the USA with substantial mortality and morbidity. The mechanism of CO poisoning is complex and includes hypoxia, inflammation, and leukocyte sequestration in brain microvessel segments leading to increased reactive oxygen species. Another important pathway is the effects of CO on the mitochondria, specifically at cytochrome c oxidase, also known as Complex IV (CIV). One of the glaring gaps is the lack of rigorous experimental models that may recapitulate survivors of acute CO poisoning in the early phase. The primary objective of this preliminary study is to use our advanced swine platform of acute CO poisoning to develop a clinically relevant survivor model to perform behavioral assessment and MRI imaging that will allow future development of biomarkers and therapeutics. METHODS Four swine (10 kg) were divided into two groups: control (n = 2) and CO (n = 2). The CO group received CO at 2000 ppm for over 120 min followed by 30 min of re-oxygenation at room air for one swine and 150 min followed by 30 min of re-oxygenation for another swine. The two swine in the sham group received room air for 150 min. Cerebral microdialysis was performed to obtain semi real-time measurements of cerebral metabolic status. Following exposures, all surviving animals were observed for a 24-h period with neurobehavioral assessment and imaging. At the end of the 24-h period, fresh brain tissue (cortical and hippocampal) was immediately harvested to measure mitochondrial respiration. RESULTS While a preliminary ongoing study, animals in the CO group showed alterations in cerebral metabolism and cellular function in the acute exposure phase with possible sustained mitochondrial changes 24 h after the CO exposure ended. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary research further establishes a large animal swine model investigating survivors of CO poisoning to measure translational metrics relevant to clinical medicine that includes a basic neurobehavioral assessment and post exposure cellular measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantine D Mavroudis
- Divisions of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Alistair Lewis
- Divisions of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine Mitochondrial Unit (ACMU), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Lab 6200, Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - John C Greenwood
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Matthew Kelly
- Divisions of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine Mitochondrial Unit (ACMU), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Lab 6200, Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Emergency Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Tiffany S Ko
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine Mitochondrial Unit (ACMU), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Lab 6200, Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Rodrigo M Forti
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine Mitochondrial Unit (ACMU), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Lab 6200, Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Samuel S Shin
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Frances S Shofer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Johannes K Ehinger
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Wesley B Baker
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine Mitochondrial Unit (ACMU), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Lab 6200, Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Todd J Kilbaugh
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine Mitochondrial Unit (ACMU), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Lab 6200, Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David H Jang
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine Mitochondrial Unit (ACMU), The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Lab 6200, Colket Translational Research Building, 3501 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Fox C, Ekaney ML, Runyon M, Nguyen HM, Turk PJ, McKillop IH, Murphy CM. Assessing Platelet Mitochondrial Dysfunction in a Murine Model of Acute Acetaminophen Toxicity. J Med Toxicol 2023; 19:341-351. [PMID: 37644341 PMCID: PMC10522545 DOI: 10.1007/s13181-023-00964-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity remains a significant cause of adult and pediatric liver failure in North America and Europe. Previous research has evaluated the impaired mitochondrial function associated with APAP toxicity. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of APAP toxicity on platelet mitochondrial function using platelet oxygen consumption in a murine model in vivo. Our secondary objectives were to determine the effect of 4-MP on platelet mitochondrial function and hepatic toxicity in the setting of APAP overdose, and to correlate platelet mitochondrial function with other markers of APAP toxicity. METHODS Male C57Bl/6 mice were randomized to receive APAP (300 or 500 mg/kg) or vehicle followed 90 minutes later by either 4-MP (50 mg/kg) or vehicle via intraperitoneal injection. Mice were euthanized 0, 12, or 24 hours later and platelets isolated from cardiac blood and counted. Platelet oxygen consumption (POC) was determined using a closed-system respirometer. Liver injury was assessed by measuring alanine transferase (ALT) and histological evaluation. RESULTS Injection of 500 mg/kg APAP led to increased POC versus pair-matched control (vehicle) (p < 0.001). Administration of 4-MP did not affect POC in control or 300 mg/kg APAP mice. In mice receiving 500 mg/kg APAP and 4-MP, POC decreased significantly compared to mice receiving 500 mg/kg APAP alone (p < 0.01). Serum and histological analysis confirmed APAP-induced hepatic damage in mice receiving 500 mg/kg APAP and these effects blunted by treatment with 4-MP. CONCLUSIONS Platelet oxygen consumption as a measure of mitochondrial function may be useful as a biomarker of hepatic APAP toxicity in the setting of moderate to severe overdose. Treatment with 4-MP decreases hepatic necrosis and may mitigate the harmful effects of APAP on platelet mitochondrial function detected via POC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Fox
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Atrium Health's Carolinas Medical Center, 1000 Blythe Blvd., Medical Education Building 3rd Floor, Charlotte, NC, 28203, USA
| | - Michael L Ekaney
- Department of Surgery, Atrium Health's Carolinas Medical Center, 1000 Blythe Blvd., Cannon Research Building, Charlotte, NC, 28203, USA
| | - Michael Runyon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Atrium Health's Carolinas Medical Center, 1000 Blythe Blvd., Medical Education Building 3rd Floor, Charlotte, NC, 28203, USA
| | - Hieu M Nguyen
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (CORE), 1300 Scott Ave, Office 124, Charlotte, NC, 28204, USA
| | - Philip J Turk
- Department of Data Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N State St, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Iain H McKillop
- Department of Surgery, Atrium Health's Carolinas Medical Center, 1000 Blythe Blvd., Cannon Research Building, Charlotte, NC, 28203, USA
| | - Christine M Murphy
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Atrium Health's Carolinas Medical Center, 1000 Blythe Blvd., Medical Education Building 3rd Floor, Charlotte, NC, 28203, USA.
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Hossain T, Eckmann DM. Hyperoxic exposure alters intracellular bioenergetics distribution in human pulmonary cells. Life Sci 2023:121880. [PMID: 37356749 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Pulmonary oxygen toxicity is caused by exposure to a high fraction of inspired oxygen, which damages multiple cell types within the lung. The cellular basis for pulmonary oxygen toxicity includes mitochondrial dysfunction. The aim of this study was to identify the effects of hyperoxic exposure on mitochondrial bioenergetic and dynamic functions in pulmonary cells. MAIN METHODS Mitochondrial respiration, inner membrane potential, dynamics (including motility), and distribution of mitochondrial bioenergetic capacity in two intracellular regions were quantified using cultured human lung microvascular endothelial cells, human pulmonary artery endothelial cells and A549 cells. Hyperoxic (95 % O2) exposures lasted 24, 48 and 72 h, durations relevant to mechanical ventilation in intensive care settings. KEY FINDINGS Mitochondrial motility was altered following all hyperoxic exposures utilized in experiments. Inhomogeneities in inner membrane potential and respiration parameters were present in each cell type following hyperoxia. The partitioning of ATP-linked respiration was also hyperoxia-duration and cell type dependent. Hyperoxic exposure lasting 48 h or longer provoked the largest alterations in mitochondrial motility and the greatest decreases in ATP-linked respiration, with a suggestion of decreases in respiration complex protein levels. SIGNIFICANCE Hyperoxic exposures of different durations produce intracellular inhomogeneities in mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics in pulmonary cells. Oxygen therapy is utilized commonly in clinical care and can induce undesirable decrements in bioenergy function needed to maintain pulmonary cell function and viability. There may be adjunctive or prophylactic measures that can be employed during hyperoxic exposures to prevent the mitochondrial dysfunction that signals the presence of oxygen toxcity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Hossain
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - David M Eckmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America; Center for Medical and Engineering Innovation, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America.
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Preliminary Research: Application of Non-Invasive Measure of Cytochrome c Oxidase Redox States and Mitochondrial Function in a Porcine Model of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. J Med Toxicol 2022; 18:214-222. [PMID: 35482181 PMCID: PMC9198167 DOI: 10.1007/s13181-022-00892-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless and odorless gas that is a leading cause of environmental poisoning in the USA with substantial mortality and morbidity. The mechanism of CO poisoning is complex and includes hypoxia, inflammation, and leukocyte sequestration in brain microvessel segments leading to increased reactive oxygen species. Another important pathway is the effects of CO on the mitochondria, specifically at cytochrome c oxidase, also known as Complex IV (CIV). The purpose of this ongoing study is the preliminary development of a porcine model of CO poisoning for investigation of alterations in brain mitochondrial physiology. METHODS Four pigs (10 kg) were divided into two groups: Sham (n = 2) and CO (n = 2). Administration of a dose of CO at 2000 ppm to the CO group over 120 minutes followed by 30 minutes of re-oxygenation at room air. The control group received room air for 150 minutes. Non-invasive optical monitoring was used to measure CIV redox states. Cerebral microdialysis was performed to obtain semi real-time measurements of cerebral metabolic status. At the end of the exposure, fresh brain tissue (cortical and hippocampal) was immediately harvested to measure mitochondrial respiration. Snap frozen cortical tissue was also used for ATP concentrations and western blotting. RESULTS While a preliminary ongoing study, animals in the CO group showed possible early decreases in brain mitochondrial respiration, citrate synthase density, CIV redox changes measured with optics, and an increase in the lactate-to-pyruvate ratio. CONCLUSIONS There is a possible observable phenotype highlighting the important role of mitochondrial function in the injury of CO poisoning.
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Li S, Yang K, Zeng J, Xia Y, Cheng D, He L. A NIR-emissive probe with a remarkable Stokes shift for CO-releasing molecule-3 detection in cells and in vivo. Analyst 2022; 147:1169-1174. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an00038e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A NIR-emitting probe with a remarkable Stokes shift for detecting CO-releasing molecule-3 in living cells and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songjiao Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jiayu Zeng
- Cancer Research Institute, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yuqing Xia
- Clinical Research Institute, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Dan Cheng
- Clinical Research Institute, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Longwei He
- Cancer Research Institute, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Jang DH, Piel S, Greenwood JC, Ehinger JK, Kilbaugh TJ. Emerging cellular-based therapies in carbon monoxide poisoning. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C269-C275. [PMID: 34133239 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00022.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is an odorless and colorless gas with multiple sources that include engine exhaust, faulty furnaces, and other sources of incomplete combustion of carbon compounds such as house fires. The most serious complications for survivors of consequential CO exposure are persistent neurological sequelae occurring in up to 50% of patients. CO inhibits mitochondrial respiration by specifically binding to the heme a3 in the active site of CIV-like hydrogen sulfide, cyanide, and phosphides. Although hyperbaric oxygen remains the cornerstone for treatment, it has variable efficacy requiring new approaches to treatment. There is a paucity of cellular-based therapies in the area of CO poisoning, and there have been recent advancements that include antioxidants and a mitochondrial substrate prodrug. The succinate prodrugs derived from chemical modification of succinate are endeavored to enhance delivery of succinate to cells, increasing uptake of succinate into the mitochondria, and providing metabolic support for cells. The therapeutic intervention of succinate prodrugs is thus potentially applicable to patients with CO poisoning via metabolic support for fuel oxidation and possibly improving efficacy of HBO therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Jang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Resuscitation Science Center CHOP Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sarah Piel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Resuscitation Science Center CHOP Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John C Greenwood
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Johannes K Ehinger
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Todd J Kilbaugh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Resuscitation Science Center CHOP Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Hyperbaric oxygen alters intracellular bioenergetics distribution in human dermal fibroblasts. Life Sci 2021; 278:119616. [PMID: 34015286 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), used to promote wound healing, has limited efficacy in many clinical conditions. Wound healing exerts bioenergetic demands on cells that can exceed their intrinsic bioenergetic capacity to proliferate and migrate. The aim of this investigation was to quantify the effects of HBOT on mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics functions in cells relevant to wound healing. MAIN METHODS High-resolution respirometry and fluorescence microscopy were used to quantify mitochondrial respiration, intermembrane potential, dynamics, including motility, and the intracellular distribution of mitochondrial bioenergetic capacity partitioned into perinuclear and cell peripheral regions in cultured human dermal fibroblasts. Cells were subjected to a range of gas mixtures and hyperbaric pressures, including conditions utilized in clinical care. KEY FINDINGS Motility was reduced immediately following all HBOT exposures utilized in experiments. Inhomogeneities in intermembrane potential and respiration parameters were produced by different HBOT conditions. The partitioning of ATP-linked respiration was also HBOT-condition dependent. Application of HBOT at common clinical pressure and oxygen conditions resulted in the largest immediate decrement in mitochondrial motility and reductions in ATP-linked respiration in both the cell periphery and perinuclear zones. Aberrations in motility and respiration were also present 6 h after exposure. SIGNIFICANCE HBOT produces intracellular distinctions and inhomogeneities in mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics. HBOT as is commonly applied in clinical medicine induced undesirable and persistent alterations in bioenergy function needed to support cell migration and/or proliferation. There may be alternative HBOT parameters that more effectively engender maintenance and adequacy of intracellular bioenergy supply to promote wound healing.
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Jang DH, Piel S, Greenwood JC, Kelly M, Mazandi VM, Ranganathan A, Lin Y, Starr J, Hallowell T, Shofer FS, Baker WB, Lafontant A, Andersen K, Ehinger JK, Kilbaugh TJ. Alterations in cerebral and cardiac mitochondrial function in a porcine model of acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2021; 59:801-809. [PMID: 33529085 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2020.1870691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is the development of a porcine model of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning to investigate alterations in brain and heart mitochondrial function. DESIGN Two group large animal model of CO poisoning. SETTING Laboratory. SUBJECTS Ten swine were divided into two groups: Control (n = 4) and CO (n = 6). INTERVENTIONS Administration of a low dose of CO at 200 ppm to the CO group over 90 min followed by 30 min of re-oxygenation at room air. The Control group received room air for 120 min. MEASUREMENTS Non-invasive optical monitoring was used to measure cerebral blood flow and oxygenation. Cerebral microdialysis was performed to obtain semi real time measurements of cerebral metabolic status. At the end of the exposure, both fresh brain (cortical and hippocampal tissue) and heart (apical tissue) were immediately harvested to measure mitochondrial respiration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and blood was collected to assess plasma cytokine concentrations. MAIN RESULTS Animals in the CO group showed significantly decreased Complex IV-linked mitochondrial respiration in hippocampal and apical heart tissue but not cortical tissue. There also was a significant increase in mitochondrial ROS generation across all measured tissue types. The CO group showed a significantly higher cerebral lactate-to-pyruvate ratio. Both IL-8 and TNFα were significantly increased in the CO group compared with the Control group obtained from plasma. While not significant there was a trend to an increase in optically measured cerebral blood flow and hemoglobin concentration in the CO group. CONCLUSIONS Low-dose CO poisoning is associated with early mitochondrial disruption prior to an observable phenotype highlighting the important role of mitochondrial function in the pathology of CO poisoning. This may represent an important intervenable pathway for therapy and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Jang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarah Piel
- Resuscitation Science Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John C Greenwood
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Kelly
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | | | - Yuxi Lin
- Resuscitation Science Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Frances S Shofer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wesley B Baker
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alec Lafontant
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kristen Andersen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Johannes K Ehinger
- Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
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Owiredu S, Ranganathan A, Greenwood JC, Piel S, Janowska JI, Eckmann DM, Kelly M, Ehinger JK, Kilbaugh TJ, Jang DH. In vitro comparison of hydroxocobalamin (B12a) and the mitochondrial directed therapy by a succinate prodrug in a cellular model of cyanide poisoning. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:1263-1271. [PMID: 33005568 PMCID: PMC7511654 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the use of hydroxocobalamin (B12a) and a succinate prodrug to evaluate for improvement in mitochondrial function in an in vitro model of cyanide poisoning. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC) incubated with 50 mM of sodium cyanide (CN) for five minutes serving as the CN group compared to controls. We investigated the following: (1) Mitochondrial respiration; (2) Superoxide and mitochondrial membrane potential with microscopy; (3) Citrate synthase protein expression. All experiments were performed with a cell concentration of 2-3 × 106 cells/ml for both PBMC and HASMC. There were four conditions: (1) Control (no exposure); (2) Cyanide (exposure only); (3) B12a (cyanide exposure followed by B12a treatment); (4) NV118 (cyanide followed by NV118 treatment). In this study the key findings include: (1) Improvement in key mitochondrial respiratory states with the succinate prodrug (NV118) but not B12a; (2) Attenuation of superoxide production with treatment of NV118 but not with B12a treatment; (3) The changes in respiration were not secondary to increased mitochondrial content as measured by citrate synthase; (4) The use of easily accessible human blood cells showed similar mitochondrial response to both cyanide and treatment to HASMC. The use of a succinate prodrug to circumvent partial CIV inhibition by cyanide with clear reversal of cellular respiration and superoxide production that was not attributed to changes in mitochondrial content not seen by the use of B12a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Owiredu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Abhay Ranganathan
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - John C. Greenwood
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Sarah Piel
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Joanna I. Janowska
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - David M. Eckmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Matthew Kelly
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Johannes K. Ehinger
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Todd J. Kilbaugh
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - David H. Jang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
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Owiredu S, Ranganathan A, Eckmann DM, Shofer FS, Hardy K, Lambert DS, Kelly M, Jang DH. Ex vivo use of cell-permeable succinate prodrug attenuates mitochondrial dysfunction in blood cells obtained from carbon monoxide-poisoned individuals. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C129-C135. [PMID: 32374677 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00539.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate a new pharmacological strategy using a first-generation succinate prodrug, NV118, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from subjects with carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning and healthy controls. We obtained human blood cells from subjects with CO poisoning and healthy control subjects. Intact PBMCs from subjects in the CO and Control group were analyzed with high-resolution respirometry measured in pmol O2 per second per 10-6 PBMCs. In addition to obtaining baseline respiration, NV118 (100 μM) was injected, and the same parameters of respiration were obtained for comparison in PBMCs. We measured mitochondrial dynamics with microscopy with the same conditions. We enrolled 37 patients (17 in the CO group and 20 in the Control group for comparison) in the study. PMBCs obtained from subjects in the CO group had overall significantly lower respiration compared with the Control group (P < 0.0001). There was a significant increase in respiration with NV118, specifically with an increase in maximum respiration and respiration from complex II and complex IV (P < 0.0001). The mitochondria in PBMCs demonstrated an overall increase in net movement compared with the Control group. Our results of this study suggest that the therapeutic compound, NV118, increases respiration at complex II and IV as well as restoration of mitochondrial movement in PBMCs obtained from subjects with CO poisoning. Mitochondrial-directed therapy offers a potential future strategy with further exploration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Owiredu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Abhay Ranganathan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David M Eckmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Frances S Shofer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kevin Hardy
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David S Lambert
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew Kelly
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David H Jang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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12
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Reisinger A, Rabensteiner J, Hackl G. Diagnosis of acute intoxications in critically ill patients: focus on biomarkers - part 2: markers for specific intoxications. Biomarkers 2020; 25:112-125. [PMID: 32011177 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2020.1725787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In medical intensive care units, acute intoxications contribute to a large proportion of all patients. Epidemiology and a basic overview on this topic were presented in part one. The purpose of this second part regarding toxicological biomarkers in the ICU setting focuses on specific poisons and toxins. Following the introduction of anion and osmol gap in part one, it's relevance in toxic alcohols and other biomarkers for these poisonings are presented within this publication. Furthermore, the role of markers in the blood, urine and cerebrospinal fluid for several intoxications is evaluated. Specific details are presented, amongst others, for cardiovascular drug poisoning, paracetamol (acetaminophen), ethanol, pesticides, ricin and yew tree intoxications. Detailed biomarkers and therapeutic decision tools are shown for carbon monoxide (CO) and cyanide (CN-) poisoning. Also, biomarkers in environmental toxicological situations such as mushroom poisoning and scorpion stings are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Reisinger
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jasmin Rabensteiner
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerald Hackl
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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13
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Ranganathan A, Owiredu S, Jang DH, Eckmann DM. Prophylaxis of mitochondrial dysfunction caused by cellular decompression from hyperbaric exposure. Mitochondrion 2020; 52:8-19. [PMID: 32045716 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction occurring in response to cellular perturbations can include altered mitochondrial motility and bioenergetic function having intracellular heterogeneity. Exogenous mitochondrial directed therapy may correct these dysfunctions. Using in vitro approaches, we find that cell perturbations induced by rapid decompression from hyperbaric conditions with specific gas exposures has differential effects on mitochondrial motility, inner membrane potential, cellular respiration, reactive oxygen species production, impaired maintenance of cell shape and altered intracellular distribution of bioenergetic capacity in perinuclear and cell peripheral domains. Addition of a first-generation cell-permeable succinate prodrug to support mitochondrial function has positive overall effects in blunting the resultant bioenergy responses. Our results with this model of perturbed cell function induced by rapid decompression indicate that alterations in bioenergetic state are partitioned within the cell, as directly assessed by a combination of mitochondrial respiration and dynamics measurements. Reductions in the observed level of dysfunction produced can be achieved with application of the cell-permeable succinate prodrug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Ranganathan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Shawn Owiredu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - David H Jang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - David M Eckmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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14
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Casillas S, Galindo A, Camarillo-Reyes LA, Varon J, Surani SR. Effectiveness of Hyperbaric Oxygenation Versus Normobaric Oxygenation Therapy in Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2019; 11:e5916. [PMID: 31788375 PMCID: PMC6855999 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.5916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a gas product of combustion, considered highly poisonous. Prolonged CO exposure is responsible for more than half of fatal poisonings and is also one of the leading causes of poisoning in Western countries. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of therapy with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) versus normobaric oxygen (NBO) in the setting of carbon monoxide poisoning (COP). We independently searched the National Library of Medicine's Medline (PubMed™), ScienceDirect™, and Scielo™ for any relevant studies published from 1989 to 2017, using the following keywords: hyperbaric therapy, hyperbaric oxygenation, normobaric therapy, carbon monoxide poisoning, carboxyhemoglobin, Haldane effect. We analyzed the studies that suggested the effectiveness of HBO or NBO. Also, we searched for studies related to COP; including history, epidemiology (risk factors, incidence, demographics), pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. Sixty-eight articles were found, sixteen of which dealt with either HBO or NBO or both. Twelve suggested HBO as the treatment of choice in COP; four studies indicated that NBO was an adequate treatment due to its cost-effectiveness and availability in the emergency department (ED). HBO has been shown in several studies to be effective in moderate to high-risk COP situations, being the therapy of choice to avoid sequelae, especially neurologically. NBO can be considered as a reasonable alternative due to its cost-effectiveness. The availability and understanding of different therapeutic interventions are critical in the management of patients with COP in ED and the Critical Care unit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joseph Varon
- Critical Care, United General Hospital, Houston, USA
| | - Salim R Surani
- Internal Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, USA
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15
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Li Y, Dang J, Liang Q, Yin L. Thermal-Responsive Carbon Monoxide (CO) Delivery Expedites Metabolic Exhaustion of Cancer Cells toward Reversal of Chemotherapy Resistance. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:1044-1058. [PMID: 31263764 PMCID: PMC6598384 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the main cause of chemotherapy failure, and the mechanism of MDR is largely associated with drug efflux mediated by the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette transporters. Herein, an NIR-light-triggered CO release system based on mesoporous Prussian blue nanoparticles (PB NPs) was developed to reverse MDR via CO-induced metabolic exhaustion. Pentacarbonyl iron (Fe(CO)5) as the CO producer was coupled to PB NPs via coordination interaction, and doxorubicin (Dox) was encapsulated into the pores of PB NPs. After layer-by-layer (LBL) coating, the NPs showed desired serum stability to enhance tumor accumulation. Upon tumor-site-specific NIR light (808 nm) irradiation, the nonlethal temperature elevation cleaved the Fe-CO bond to release CO. CO then expedited mitochondrial metabolic exhaustion to block ATP synthesis and inhibit ATP-dependent drug efflux, thus reversing MDR of the Dox-resistant MCF-7/ADR tumors to potentiate the anticancer efficacy of Dox. In the meantime, CO-mediated mitochondrial exhaustion could upregulate the proapoptotic protein, caspase 3, thus inducing cellular apoptosis and enabling a synergistic anticancer effect with chemotherapy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time MDR has been overcome using a CO delivery system. This study provides a promising strategy to realize an effective and safe treatment against MDR tumors and reveals new insights in the use of CO for cancer treatment.
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16
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Jang DH, Owiredu S, Ranganathan A, Eckmann DM. Acute decompression following simulated dive conditions alters mitochondrial respiration and motility. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 315:C699-C705. [PMID: 30110561 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00243.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
While barotrauma, decompression sickness, and drowning-related injuries are common morbidities associated with diving and decompression from depth, it remains unclear what impact rapid decompression has on mitochondrial function. In vitro diving simulation was performed with human dermal fibroblast cells subjected to control, air, nitrogen, and oxygen dive conditions. With the exception of the gas mixture, all other related variables, including absolute pressure exposure, dive and decompression rates, and temperature, were held constant. High-resolution respirometry was used to examine key respiratory states. Mitochondrial dynamic function, including net movement, number, and rates of fusion/fission events, was obtained from fluorescence microscopy imaging. Effects of the dive conditions on cell cytoskeleton were assessed by imaging both actin and microtubules. Maximum respiration was lower in fibroblasts in the air group than in the control and nitrogen groups. The oxygen group had overall lower respiration when compared with all other groups. All groups demonstrated lower mitochondrial motility when compared with the control group. Rates of fusion and fission events were the same between all groups. There were visible differences in cell morphology consistent with the actin staining; however, there were no appreciable changes to the microtubules. This is the first study to directly assess mitochondrial respiration and dynamics in a cell model of decompression. Both hyperbaric oxygen and air dive conditions produce deleterious effects on overall mitochondrial health in fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Jang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shawn Owiredu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Abhay Ranganathan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David M Eckmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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17
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Li SJ, Zhou DY, Li YF, Yang B, Ou-Yang J, Jie J, Liu J, Li CY. Mitochondria-targeted near-infrared fluorescent probe for the detection of carbon monoxide in vivo. Talanta 2018; 188:691-700. [PMID: 30029433 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide is a critical gasotransmitter in the body and related with mitochondrial respiration. To date, various fluorescent probes for CO have been well proposed, but two main problems remain. One is that most of the probes are not mitochondria-targeting, even if the probes claim to be able to detect CO in living cells. The other is that the probes for CO display excitation and emission within the ultraviolet or visible range, which hinders their applications in vivo. Herein, a hemicyanine-based near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe named CyAPC is first synthesized and used to detect mitochondrial CO. The characteristics of probe CyAPC are as follows: (1) The fluorescence emission of the sensing system is at 736 nm belonging to NIR region, which is suitable for bioimaging in vivo. (2) CyAPC, a positively charged molecule, would have a high tendency to localize in mitochondria of cells. (3) The fluorescence change of the probe is attributed to the fact that CO with Pd2+ induced cleavage of the allyl formate group from the probe and CyAPC (fluorescence off) is transformed into CyOH (fluorescence on), which is proved by HPLC, MS and DFT calculation. (4) The NIR fluorescent probe is applied for the detection of exogenous and endogenous CO in various biological samples such as cell, tissue and in vivo with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Jiao Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Dong-Ye Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Yong-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China; College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Bin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Juan Ou-Yang
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Jia Jie
- College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China.
| | - Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Chun-Yan Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
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18
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Translational Application of Measuring Mitochondrial Functions in Blood Cells Obtained from Patients with Acute Poisoning. J Med Toxicol 2018. [PMID: 29536431 DOI: 10.1007/s13181-018-0656-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is conservatively estimated that 5,000 deaths per year and 20,000 injuries in the USA are due to poisonings caused by chemical exposures (e.g., carbon monoxide, cyanide, hydrogen sulfide, phosphides) that are cellular inhibitors. These chemical agents result in mitochondrial inhibition resulting in cardiac arrest and/or shock. These cellular inhibitors have multi-organ effects, but cardiovascular collapse is the primary cause of death marked by hypotension, lactic acidosis, and cardiac arrest. The mitochondria play a central role in cellular metabolism where oxygen consumption through the electron transport system is tightly coupled to ATP production and regulated by metabolic demands. There has been increasing use of human blood cells such as peripheral blood mononuclear cells and platelets, as surrogate markers of mitochondrial function in organs due to acute care illnesses. We demonstrate the clinical applicability of measuring mitochondrial bioenergetic and dynamic function in blood cells obtained from patients with acute poisoning using carbon monoxide poisoning as an illustration of our technique. Our methods have potential application to guide therapy and gauge severity of disease in poisoning related to cellular inhibitors of public health concern.
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19
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Jang DH, Khatri UG, Shortal BP, Kelly M, Hardy K, Lambert DS, Eckmann DM. Alterations in mitochondrial respiration and reactive oxygen species in patients poisoned with carbon monoxide treated with hyperbaric oxygen. Intensive Care Med Exp 2018; 6:4. [PMID: 29383459 PMCID: PMC5790762 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-018-0169-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is the leading cause of poisoning mortality and morbidity in the USA. Carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels are not predictive of severity or prognosis. At this time, the measurement of mitochondrial respiration may serve as a biomarker in CO poisoning. The primary objective of this study was to assess changes in mitochondrial function consisting of respiration and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from patients with CO poisoning. Methods PBMCs from patients having confirmed CO exposure treated with hyperbaric oxygen or HBO (CO group) and healthy controls (control group) were analyzed with high-resolution respirometry. PBMCs were placed in a 2-ml chamber at a final concentration of 3–4 × 106 cells/ml to simultaneously obtain both respiration and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production. In the CO group, we performed measurements before and after patients underwent their first HBO treatment. Results We enrolled a total of 17 subjects, including 7 subjects with confirmed CO poisoning and 10 subjects in the control group. The CO group included five (71.4%) men and two (28.6%) women having a median COHb of 28%. There was a significant decrease in respiration as measured in pmol O2 × s− 1 × 10− 6 PBMCs in the CO group (pre-HBO) when compared to the control group: maximal respiration (18.4 ± 2.4 versus 35.4 ± 2.8, P < 0.001); uncoupled Complex I respiration (19.8 ± 1.8 versus 41.1 ± 3.8, P < 0.001); uncoupled Complex I + II respiration (32.3 ± 3.2 versus 58.3 ± 3.1, P < 0.001); Complex IV respiration (43.5 ± 2.9 versus 63.6 ± 6.31, P < 0.05). There were also similar differences measured in the CO group before and after HBO treatment with an overall increase in respiration present after treatment. We also determined the rate of H2O2 production simultaneously with the measurement of respiration. There was an overall significant increase in the H2O2 production in the CO group after HBO treatment when compared to prior HBO treatment and the control group. Conclusions In this study, PBMCs obtained from subjects with CO poisoning have an overall decrease in respiration (similar H2O2 production) when compared to controls. The inhibition of Complex IV respiration is from CO binding leading to a downstream decrease in respiration at other complexes. PBMCs obtained from CO-poisoned individuals immediately following initial HBO therapy displayed an overall increase in both respiration and H2O2 production. The study findings demonstrate that treatment with HBO resulted in improved cellular respiration but a higher H2O2 production. It is unclear if the increased production of H2O2 in HBO treatment is detrimental.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Jang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, John Morgan Building, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA.
| | - Utsha G Khatri
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, John Morgan Building, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Brenna P Shortal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Kelly
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, John Morgan Building, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Hyperbaric and Undersea Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Kevin Hardy
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, John Morgan Building, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Hyperbaric and Undersea Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - David S Lambert
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, John Morgan Building, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Hyperbaric and Undersea Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - David M Eckmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA.,Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.,Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.,Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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20
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Jang DH, Greenwood JC, Owiredu S, Ranganathan A, Eckmann DM. Mitochondrial networking in human blood cells with application in acute care illnesses. Mitochondrion 2017; 44:27-34. [PMID: 29275149 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that adapt in response to environmental stresses or mutations. Dynamic processes involving mitochondria include their locomotion within cells and fusion and fission events in which mitochondrial join together or split apart. Various imaging strategies have been utilized to track mitochondrial dynamics. One common limitation of most of the methods available is that the time required to perform the technique and analyze the results prohibits application to clinical diagnosis and therapy. We recently demonstrated "whole-cell" mitochondrial analysis in a two-dimensional fashion with fluorescence microscopy. Our developed technique allows evaluation of whole-cell mitochondrial networking, including assessment of mitochondrial motility and rates of fission and fusion events using human blood cells (peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)) on a clinically relevant timescale. We demonstrate this methodology in a cohort of healthy subjects as well as a cohort of hospitalized subjects having sepsis, an acute care illness. As there is increasing use of human blood cells as a proxy of organ mitochondrial function with respiration in various disease states, the addition of mitochondrial dynamics will now allow for more thorough clinical evaluation of mitochondrial networking in human disease with potential exploration of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Jang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Penn Acute Research Collaboration (PARC), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - John C Greenwood
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Penn Acute Research Collaboration (PARC), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Shawn Owiredu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Penn Acute Research Collaboration (PARC), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Abhay Ranganathan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - David M Eckmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
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21
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Jang DH, Seeger SC, Grady ME, Shofer FS, Eckmann DM. Mitochondrial dynamics and respiration within cells with increased open pore cytoskeletal meshes. Biol Open 2017; 6:1831-1839. [PMID: 29109116 PMCID: PMC5769657 DOI: 10.1242/bio.029009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoskeletal architecture directly affects the morphology, motility, and tensional homeostasis of the cell. In addition, the cytoskeleton is important for mitosis, intracellular traffic, organelle motility, and even cellular respiration. The organelle responsible for a majority of the energy conversion for the cell, the mitochondrion, has a dependence on the cytoskeleton for mobility and function. In previous studies, we established that cytoskeletal inhibitors altered the movement of the mitochondria, their morphology, and their respiration in human dermal fibroblasts. Here, we use this protocol to investigate applicability of power law diffusion to describe mitochondrial locomotion, assessment of rates of fission and fusion in healthy and diseased cells, and differences in mitochondria locomotion in more open networks either in response to cytoskeletal destabilizers or by cell line. We found that mitochondria within fibrosarcoma cells and within fibroblast cells treated with an actin-destabilizing toxin resulted in increased net travel, increased average velocity, and increased diffusion of mitochondria when compared to control fibroblasts. Although the mitochondria within the fibrosarcoma travel further than mitochondria within their healthy counterparts, fibroblasts, the dependence on mitochondria for respiration is much lower with higher rates ofhydrogen peroxide production and was confirmed using the OROBOROS O2K. We also found that rates of fission and fusion of the mitochondria equilibrate despite significant alteration of the cytoskeleton. Rates ranged from 15% to 25%, where the highest rates were observed within the fibrosarcoma cell line. This result is interesting because the fibrosarcoma cell line does not have increased respiration metrics including when compared to fibroblast. Mitochondria travel further, faster, and have an increase in percent mitochondria splitting or joining while not dependent on the mitochondria for a majority of its energy production. This study illustrates the complex interaction between mitochondrial movement and respiration through the disruption of the cytoskeleton. Summary: We assessed the effect of cytoskeletal inhibitors and the use of a calcium ionophore as an additional stressor on mitochondrial motility and bioenergetic function in fibroblasts and fibrosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Jang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, John Morgan Building Room 12, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sarah C Seeger
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Martha E Grady
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, 151 RGAN Building, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Frances S Shofer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology and Critical Care Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, John Morgan Building Room 12, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David M Eckmann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3620 Hamilton Walk, John Morgan Building Room 27B, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA .,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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