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Coelho N, Camarinho R, Garcia P, Rodrigues AS. Histological evidence of hypothyroidism in mice chronically exposed to conventional farming. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 106:104387. [PMID: 38364936 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Worldwide, disorders of the thyroid gland are a growing concern; such can be caused by exposure to contaminants, including agrochemicals used in conventional agriculture, which act as endocrine disruptors. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether or not exposure to an environment with conventional agriculture leads to thyroid disruption. Mus musculus were used as bioindicator species, captured in two sites: a farm where conventional agriculture is practiced, and a place without agriculture. Thyroid histomorphometric and morphologic data were analyzed. The impacts of the agricultural environment over the thyroid were revealed, as indications of hypothyroidism were observed in exposed mice: the area and volume of epithelial cells were much lower. Alterations in thyroid histomorphology were also observed: lower follicular sphericity, irregularly delimited epithelium and increased exfoliation into the colloid. These results highlight the need for transition from current conventional agricultural systems towards organic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nádia Coelho
- FCT, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal.
| | - Ricardo Camarinho
- FCT, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal; IVAR, Institute of Volcanology and Risks Assessment, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Garcia
- FCT, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal; cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Azorean Biodiversity Group, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal.
| | - Armindo S Rodrigues
- FCT, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal; IVAR, Institute of Volcanology and Risks Assessment, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada 9501-801, Portugal.
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Ucar A, Günay A, Parlak V, Yeltekin AC, Ozgeris FB, Turkez H, Alak G, Atamanalp M. Modulatory role ulexit against thiamethoxam-induced hematotoxicity/hepatotoxicity oxidative stress and immunotoxicity in Oncorhynchusmykiss. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 193:106294. [PMID: 38096712 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024]
Abstract
Contamination of the aquatic environment with different insecticides is a major concern in the aquatic ecosystem today. For this reason, in the designed study, Thiamethoxam (TMX) for which there is limited information on its negative effects on Oncorhynchus mykiss was investigated, its effects on hematotoxicity, oxidative status, cytotoxicity, DNA damage and apoptotic status indicators in blood/liver tissue. However, the antitoxic potential of ulexite (UX) supplementation in the elimination of TMX-mediated toxicity has been determined. LC50-96h value determined for TMX 0.73 mg/L has been determined. As a result of hematology profile, TMX application, RBC, Hgb and Hct values showed a temporal decrease compared to the control group, while increases were determined in MCV, MCH and MCHC values. It was determined that the inhibition/induction of hematological parameters was slowed down by adding UX to the medium. During the trial (48th and 96th hours), it was noted that TMX induced cortisol level, while UX supplementation slowed this induction at 48th hour. Antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly inhibited by TMX application, and MDA and MPO values increased as a result of the stimulation of ROS. It was determined that UX added to the medium showed activity in favor of antioxidants and tried to inhibit MDA and MPO levels. When Nrf-2, one of the inflammation parameters, was compared with the administration and control groups, it was determined that it inhibited depending on time, TNF-α, IL-6, DNA damage and apoptosis were induced, and UX suppressed this situation. The results obtained were evaluated as statistically meaningful. Briefly, it was determined that TMX induced oxidative damage in all tissues at 48th - 96th hours, whereas UX mitigated this situation. The results provide possible in vivo evidence that UX supplements can reduce TMX-mediated oxidative stress and tissues damage in O. mykiss blood and liver tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Ucar
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye.
| | - Ayşe Günay
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Veysel Parlak
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Aslı Cilingir Yeltekin
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yızüncü Yıl, Van, Türkiye
| | - Fatma Betul Ozgeris
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Hasan Turkez
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye; Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Gonca Alak
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye; Department of Sea Food Processing, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Muhammed Atamanalp
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye; Atatürk University, Fisheries Faculty, Türkiye
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Mazzi G, Feltracco M, Altavilla L, Alterio A, Barbaro E, Bortolini M, Malavasi S, Gambaro A. Cortisol, cortisone and DHEAS in epidermis and scales of fish Aphanius fasciatus: HPLC-MS/MS measurement of stress indicators as proxies for natural and human-induced factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166900. [PMID: 37683865 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Fish health can be affected by a multitude of stressors. Acute and chronic stress assessment via specific hormones monitoring has become a trending research topic. Common investigated matrices are blood and plasma, but recently less invasive substrates have been identified. As chemical composition of skin mucus/epidermis has been demonstrated to link with acute stress, and of scales with chronic stress in fish, the aim of the study was firstly to improve the determination of three stress hormones, namely cortisol (COL), cortisone (CON), and dehydroepiandrosterone-3-sulfate (DHEAS), in skin mucus/epidermis and scales of Aphanius fasciatus. Secondly, an evaluation of the impact of different environments on hormones concentrations was carried out. A liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry method (HPLC-MS/MS) and a preanalytical procedure were validated to determine COL, CON and DHEAS. This methodology was applied to compare a pull of field-collected fish with a pull of fish housed in the laboratory for one year. Our results highlighted a significant presence of cortisol and cortisone in epidermis of the latter pull (averagely 0.10 and 0.14 ng mg-1, respectively), while in the first pull both hormones were much less concentrated (averagely 0.006 and 0.008 ng mg-1, respectively). Scales of both pulls showed presence of hormones, with a higher concentration for fish housed in the laboratory, although a relevant difference in concentration was found only for cortisone. DHEAS was always below the limit of detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Mazzi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30170 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Matteo Feltracco
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30170 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Luca Altavilla
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30170 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Agata Alterio
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30170 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30170 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155, 30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Mara Bortolini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30170 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Stefano Malavasi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30170 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30170 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy; Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155, 30172 Venice Mestre (VE), Italy
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Rohmah MK, Salahdin OD, Gupta R, Muzammil K, Qasim MT, Al-Qaim ZH, Abbas NF, Jawad MA, Yasin G, Mustafa YF, Heidary A, Abarghouei S. Modulatory role of dietary curcumin and resveratrol on growth performance, serum immunity responses, mucus enzymes activity, antioxidant capacity and serum and mucus biochemicals in the common carp, Cyprinus carpio exposed to abamectin. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 129:221-230. [PMID: 36007834 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the potentials of dietary curcumin and resveratrol on blood biochemistry, immune responses and resistance to the toxicity of the pesticide, abamectin. 540 common carps (30.78 ± 0.17 g) were randomly distributed into 18 tanks (30 fish per tank), as six experimental groups (T1: non-supplemented and on-exposed fish, T2: 300 mg/kg curcumin, T3: 300 mg/kg resveratrol, T4: 12.5% LC50 of abamectin, T5: 300 mg/kg curcumin +12.5% LC50 of abamectin, T6: 300 mg/kg resveratrol + 12.5% LC50 of abamectin). Use of 300 mg/kg resveratrol in the diet of non-abamectin exposed fish improved the growth performance (P < 0.05), while such effects were not observed for curcumin (P > 0.05). There were no differences in the final weight (FW), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and weight gain (WG) between control and fish of the treatments, resveratrol + abamectin and curcumin + abamectin (P < 0.05). The immune components in blood [lysozyme, complement activity, Total immunoglobulin (total Ig), protease, myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitro-blue-tetrazolium (NBT), peroxidase, albumin] and mucus [acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), esterase, antiprotease)] and antioxidant enzymes [(superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx)] exhibited various change patterns compared to the control group, however, these components were almost all higher in fish supplemented with curcumin and resveratrol in an abamectin-free medium than in control and other groups (P < 0.05). In most cases, the levels of immune and antioxidant components in the control did not show significant difference with the treatments, resveratrol + abamectin and curcumin + abamectin (P > 0.05). Abamectin induced oxidative stress in fish, as the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels significantly increased in the exposed fish compared to non-exposed groups (P < 0.05). It appears that neither curcumin nor resveratrol were as effective in preventing oxidative stress, because MDA levels were higher in exposed fish (abamectin, curcumin + abamectin, resveratrol + abamectin) than in control and non-exposed individuals (P < 0.05). Curcumin and resveratrol also showed protective effects on liver, since the levels of liver metabolic enzymes [aspartate transaminase (AST), ALP, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)] were lower in the supplemented fish in a abamectin-free medium than in control (P < 0.05). Curcumin and resveratrol also mitigated the stress responses in the exposed fish, as cortisol and glucose levels showed significant decreases in the supplemented fish (P < 0.05). In conclusion, this study revealed that abamectin can depress the growth and immunity in the common carp. Although, both resveratrol and curcumin were mitigated the toxic effects of abamectin, it seems that resveratrol be more effective than curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kurnia Rohmah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Anwar Medika, Sidoarjo, Indonesia.
| | | | - Reena Gupta
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, 281406, India.
| | - Khursheed Muzammil
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushait Campus, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maytham T Qasim
- Department of Anesthesia, College of Health and Medical Technololgy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | | | | | | | - Ghulam Yasin
- Department of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, 41001, Iraq
| | - Aadel Heidary
- Environmental Expert of Farsan Municipality, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Safoura Abarghouei
- Baharavaran Nastaran Agricultural Applied Scientific Training Center, Applied Scientific University, Qom, Iran
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