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Bahrami M, Abenojar J, Aparicio GM, Martínez MA. Thermal Stability, Durability, and Service Life Estimation of Woven Flax-Carbon Hybrid Polyamide Biocomposites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2020. [PMID: 38730826 PMCID: PMC11084306 DOI: 10.3390/ma17092020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Woven flax-carbon hybrid polyamide biocomposites offer a blend of carbon fibers' mechanical strength and flax's environmental advantages, potentially developing material applications. This study investigated their thermal behavior, degradation kinetics, and durability to water uptake and relative humidity exposure and compared them with pure flax and carbon composites with the same matrix. The hybrid composite exhibited intermediate water/moisture absorption levels between pure flax and carbon composites, with 7.2% water absorption and 3.5% moisture absorption. It also displayed comparable thermal degradation resistance to the carbon composite, effectively maintaining its weight up to 300 °C. Further analysis revealed that the hybrid composite exhibited a decomposition energy of 268 kJ/mol, slightly lower than the carbon composite's value of 288.5 kJ/mol, indicating similar thermal stability. Isothermal lifetime estimation, employing the activation energy (Ed) and degree of conversion facilitated by the Model Free Kinetics method, indicated a 41% higher service life of the hybrid laminate at room temperature compared to the carbon laminate. These insights are crucial for understanding the industrial applications of these materials without compromising durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Bahrami
- IAAB, Materials Science and Engineering Department, University Carlos III of Madrid, 28911 Leganes, Spain;
| | - Juana Abenojar
- IAAB, Materials Science and Engineering Department, University Carlos III of Madrid, 28911 Leganes, Spain;
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University Pontificia Comillas of Madrid, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gladis M. Aparicio
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, University Autónoma of Occidente, Cali 760030, Colombia;
| | - Miguel Angel Martínez
- IAAB, Materials Science and Engineering Department, University Carlos III of Madrid, 28911 Leganes, Spain;
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2
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Bromberg L, Magariños B, Concheiro A, Hatton TA, Alvarez-Lorenzo C. Nonleaching Biocidal N-Halamine-Functionalized Polyamine-, Guanidine-, and Hydantoin-Based Coatings. Ind Eng Chem Res 2024; 63:6268-6278. [PMID: 38617110 PMCID: PMC11010268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.4c00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Fibrous materials with inherent antimicrobial properties can help in real-time deactivation of microorganisms, enabling multiple uses while reducing secondary infections. Coatings with antiviral polymers enhance the surface functionality for existing and potential future pandemics. Herein, we demonstrated a straightforward route toward biocidal surface creation using polymers with nucleophilic biguanide, guanidine, and hydantoin groups that are covalently attached onto a solid support. Biocidal poly(N-vinylguanidine) (PVG) and poly(allylamine-co-4-aminopyridine-co-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)hydantoin) (PAH) were introduced for coating applications along with commercially available polyvinylamine (PVAm) and poly(hexamethylene biguanide) (PHMB). Nonleaching coatings were created by first fabricating bifunctional siloxane or isocyanate precursor coatings on the cotton, nylon-cotton, and glass fiber fabric, followed by the polymer attachment. The developed grafting methods ensured the stability of the coating and the reuse of the material while maintaining the biocidal properties. Halogenation of polymer-coated fabric was conducted by aqueous solutions of sodium hypochlorite or in situ generation of hypobromous acid (HOBr), resulting in surfaces coated by N-halamines with high contents of active > N-Cl or > N-Br groups. The polymer-coated fabrics were stable in multiple laundry cycles and maintained hydrophilic character after coating and halogenation. Halogenated polymer-coated fabrics completely inactivated human respiratory coronavirus based on a contact-killing mechanism and were shown to be reusable after recharging with bromine or chlorine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lev Bromberg
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Beatriz Magariños
- Department
of Microbiology and Parasitology, Facultad de Biología, CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago
de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angel Concheiro
- Department
of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, I+D Farma
Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS),
and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago
de Compostela, Spain
| | - T. Alan Hatton
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Department
of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, I+D Farma
Group (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS),
and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago
de Compostela, Spain
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3
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Aizamddin M, Mahat MM. Enhancing the Washing Durability and Electrical Longevity of Conductive Polyaniline-Grafted Polyester Fabrics. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:37936-37947. [PMID: 37867689 PMCID: PMC10586257 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The demand for wearable electronics has driven the development of conductive fabrics, particularly those incorporating polyaniline (PANI) that is known for its high electrical conductivity, flexibility, and ease of fabrication. However, the limited stability and durability of the conductive fabric, especially during washing, present significant challenges. The drawbacks can be traced by weak physical attachment between the fabric and the conductive coating, leading to a decrease in conductivity over time. These drawbacks significantly impact the fabric's functionality and performance, highlighting the need for effective solutions to enhance its stability and durability. This study focuses on addressing these challenges by employing a thermochemical treatment. A hydrophilic surface of the polyester fabric is obtained after the treatment (hydrolysis), followed by grafting of PANI on it. The adhesion between PANI and the polyester fabrics was found to be enhanced, as proved by contact angle analysis. Furthermore, the PANI-hydrolyzed fabrics (treated) demonstrated stable conductivity (∼10-3 S cm-3) even after 10 washing cycles, showcasing their excellent durability. In comparison, the unhydrolyzed PANI fabric experienced a drop in conductivity by three orders of magnitude. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy via N 1s core line spectra showed chemical shifts and quantified the level of doping through PANI's protonation level. We found that PANI-hydrolyzed fabrics preserved their dedoping level from 44.77 to 42.68%, indicating improved stability and extension of their electrical properties' lifetime after washing as compared to unhydrolyzed (untreated) fabrics, from 36.99 to 26.61%. This investigation demonstrates that the thermochemical approach can effectively enhance the durability of conductive PANI fabrics, enabling them to withstand the washing process while preserving their electrical endurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad
Faiz Aizamddin
- School
of Physics and Material Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Muzamir Mahat
- School
of Physics and Material Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia
- Textile
Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia
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Li J, Qiao Y, Zhang H, Zheng Y, Tang Z, Zeng Z, Yao P, Bao F, Liu H, Yu J, Zhu C, Xu J. Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Melt-Spun Filaments of Polybutene-1 and Butene-1/Ethylene Copolymer. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3729. [PMID: 37765582 PMCID: PMC10536619 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polybutene-1 with form I crystals exhibits excellent creep resistance and environmental stress crack resistance. The filaments of polybutene-1 and its random copolymer with 4 mol% ethylene co-units were produced via extrusion melt spinning, which are expected to be in form I states and show outstanding mechanical properties. The variances in microstructure, crystallization-melting behavior, and mechanical properties between homopolymer and copolymer filaments were analyzed using SEM, SAXS/WAXD, DSC, and tensile tests. The crystallization of form II and subsequent phase transition into form I finished after the melt-spinning process in the copolymer sample while small amounts of form II crystals remained in homopolymer filaments. Surprisingly, copolymer filaments exhibited higher tensile strength and Young's modulus than homopolymer filaments, while the homopolymer films showed better mechanical properties than copolymer films. The high degree of orientation and long fibrous crystals play a critical role in the superior properties of copolymer filaments. The results indicate that the existence of ethylene increases the chain flexibility and benefits the formation of intercrystalline links during spinning, which contributes to an enhancement of mechanical properties. The structure-property correlation of melt-spun PB-1 filaments provides a reference for the development of polymer fibers with excellent creep resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Li
- Institute of Low-Dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yongna Qiao
- Institute of Low-Dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Low-Dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yifei Zheng
- Institute of Low-Dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Institute of Low-Dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhenye Zeng
- Institute of Low-Dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Pingping Yao
- Institute of Low-Dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Feng Bao
- Institute of Low-Dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Huichao Liu
- Institute of Low-Dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jiali Yu
- Institute of Low-Dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Caizhen Zhu
- Institute of Low-Dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Institute of Low-Dimensional Materials Genome Initiative, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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Bîrleanu E, Mihăilă I, Topală I, Borcia C, Borcia G. Adhesion Properties and Stability of Non-Polar Polymers Treated by Air Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15112443. [PMID: 37299241 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric-pressure plasma (APP) has advantages for enhancing the adhesion of polymers and has to provide uniform, efficient treatment, which also limits the recovery effect of treated surfaces. This study investigates the effects of APP treatment on polymers that have no oxygen bonded in their structure and varying crystallinity, aiming to assess the maximum level of modification and the post-treatment stability of non-polar polymers based on their initial structure parameters, including the crystalline-amorphous structure. An APP reactor simulating continuous processing operating in air is employed, and the polymers are analyzed using contact angle measurement, XPS, AFM, and XRD. APP treatment significantly enhances the hydrophilic character of the polymers, with semicrystalline polymers exhibiting adhesion work values of approximately 105 mJ/m2 and 110 mJ/m2 for 0.5 s and 1.0 s exposure, respectively, while amorphous polymers reach approximately 128 mJ/m2. The maximum average oxygen uptake is around 30%. Short treatment times induce the roughening of the semicrystalline polymer surfaces, while the amorphous polymer surfaces become smoother. The polymers exhibit a limit to their modification level, with 0.5 s exposure being optimal for significant surface property changes. The treated surfaces remain remarkably stable, with the contact angle only reverting by a few degrees toward that of the untreated state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Bîrleanu
- Iasi Plasma Advanced Research Center (IPARC), Faculty of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Blvd. Carol I No. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ilarion Mihăilă
- Integrated Center of Environmental Science Studies in the North-Eastern Development Region (CERNESIM), Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Blvd. Carol I No. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ionuț Topală
- Iasi Plasma Advanced Research Center (IPARC), Faculty of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Blvd. Carol I No. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cătălin Borcia
- Iasi Plasma Advanced Research Center (IPARC), Faculty of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Blvd. Carol I No. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gabriela Borcia
- Iasi Plasma Advanced Research Center (IPARC), Faculty of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Blvd. Carol I No. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania
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Niu H, Wang S, Shen Y, Liu S, Jiang S, Qin T, Li T. Tough Structural Adhesives with Ultra-Resistance to Both High and Cryogenic Temperature. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102284. [PMID: 37242859 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural adhesion at high temperature has been a challenge for organic adhesives, and the commercially available adhesives that can work at a temperature above 150 °C is rather limited. Herein, two novel polymers were designed and synthesized via facile strategy, which involves polymerization between melamine (M) and M-Xylylenediamine (X), as well as copolymerization of MX and urea (U). With well-balanced rigid-flexible structures, the obtained MX and MXU resins were proved to be outstanding structural adhesives at a wide range temperature of -196~200 °C. They provided room-temperature bonding strength of 13~27 MPa for various substrates, steel bonding strength of 17~18 MPa at cryogenic temperature (-196 °C), and 15~17 MPa at 150 °C. Remarkably, high bonding strength of 10~11 MPa was retained even at 200 °C. Such superior performances were attributed to a high content of aromatic units, which leads to high glass transition temperature (Tg) up to ~179 °C, as well as the structural flexibility endowed by the dispersed rotatable methylene linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Niu
- The Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Shengtao Wang
- The Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Yilin Shen
- The Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Shouqing Liu
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Shuyang Jiang
- The Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Tao Qin
- The Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Taohong Li
- The Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Wood Adhesives and Glued Products, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- International Joint Research Center for Biomass Materials, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
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He Y, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Liu M, Yuan J, Li P, Yang M. Combined effect of interfacial modification and α-ZrP reinforcement on the tribological properties of PPS fabric/phenolic composites. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Domantovsky AG, Emelyanenko KA, Emelyanenko AM, Boinovich LB. The Influence of Prolonged High-Concentration Ozone Exposure on Superhydrophobic Coatings in Static and High-Speed Flow Atmospheres. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5725. [PMID: 36013869 PMCID: PMC9416390 DOI: 10.3390/ma15165725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The durability of superhydrophobic coatings under exposure to adverse factors that accompany their exploitation in natural and industrial environments remains a key problem in materials science. One such factor is a notable ozone concentration which can be generated as a result of corona discharge, dielectric barrier discharge, piezoelectric direct discharge, UV light photochemical processes, and others characteristic of the power industry. In this work, the mechanisms of degradation of the superhydrophobic coatings under prolonged exposure to high ozone concentrations at dynamic and nearly static conditions were studied. Our results indicate that in dynamic conditions, when the coatings are subjected to joint action of erosion loads initiated by the high-speed flow of the atmospheric air enriched with ozone, with ozone oxidation activity, the superhydrophobic state degrades quite rapidly. At the same time, in nearly static atmospheric conditions with the same ozone content, the degradation is substantially lower. Our study reveals the role of various factors such as the degradation of the layer of the hydrophobic agent, mechanical deterioration of texture, adsorption of ozone, and contact with water in the discovered behavior of the superhydrophobic coatings.
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