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Arefnezhad R, Helfi M, Okhravijouybari R, Goleij P, Sargolzaeimoghaddam M, Mohammadi H, Mahdaviyan N, Fatemian H, Sarg A, Jahani S, Rezaei-Tazangi F, Nazari A. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and lung cancer: We should be hopeful or hopeless? Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102410. [PMID: 38772275 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-caused death that possesses a poor prognosis and low survival rate worldwide. In general, LC is classified into small-cell (SCLC) and non-small-cell carcinoma (NSCLC) (involving 80% of patients). Although chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, and molecular-targeted therapy are considered standard approaches for LC treatment, these options have low success with detrimental effects on the life quality of patients. Ergo, recommending treatment with maximum effectiveness and minimum side effects for LC patients has been a substantial challenge for researchers and clinicians in the present era. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-based strategies have sparked much interest in preventing or treating numerous illnesses. These multipotent stem cells can be isolated from diverse sources, such as umbilical cord, bone marrow, and adipose tissue. Among these sources, umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) have been in the spotlight of MSCs-based therapies thanks to their considerable advantages, such as high proliferation ability, low immune reactions and tumorigenesis, and easiness in collection and isolation. Some experimental studies have investigated the functionality of intact UC-MSCs and extracellular vesicles, exosomes, and conditioned medium derived from UC-MSCs, as well as genetically engineered UC-MSCs. In this review, we aimed to highlight the influences of these UMSCs-based methods in LC treatment with cellular and molecular insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Arefnezhad
- Coenzyme R Research Institute, Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Maryam Helfi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Pouya Goleij
- Department of Genetics, Sana Institute of Higher Education, Sari, Iran; International Network of Stem Cell (INSC), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hanieh Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Fatemian
- School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arya Sarg
- Istanbul Medipol University, Medical Student, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Saleheh Jahani
- Department of pathology, University of California, San Diego, United states
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei-Tazangi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Nazari
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ramos R, Moura CS, Costa M, Lamas NJ, Correia R, Garcez D, Pereira JM, Sousa C, Vale N. Enhancing Lung Cancer Care in Portugal: Bridging Gaps for Improved Patient Outcomes. J Pers Med 2024; 14:446. [PMID: 38793028 PMCID: PMC11121920 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14050446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has the highest incidence and cancer-related mortality worldwide. In Portugal, it ranks as the fourth most common cancer, with nearly 6000 new cases being diagnosed every year. Lung cancer is the main cause of cancer-related death among males and the third cause of cancer-related death in females. Despite the globally accepted guidelines and recommendations for what would be the ideal path for a lung cancer patient, several challenges occur in real clinical management across the world. The recommendations emphasize the importance of adequate screening of high-risk individuals, a precise tumour biopsy, and an accurate final diagnosis to confirm the neoplastic nature of the nodule. A detailed histological classification of the lung tumour type and a comprehensive molecular characterization are of utmost importance for the selection of an efficacious and patient-directed therapeutic approach. However, in the context of the Portuguese clinical organization and the national healthcare system, there are still several gaps in the ideal pathway for a lung cancer patient, involving aspects ranging from the absence of a national lung cancer screening programme through difficulties in histological diagnosis and molecular characterization to challenges in therapeutic approaches. In this manuscript, we address the most relevant weaknesses, presenting several proposals for potential solutions to improve the management of lung cancer patients, helping to decisively improve their overall survival and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Ramos
- PerMed Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (R.R.); (C.S.)
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Unilabs Portugal, Centro Empresarial Lionesa Porto, Rua Lionesa, 4465-671 Leça do Balio, Portugal; (M.C.); (N.J.L.)
| | - Conceição Souto Moura
- Pathology Laboratory, Unilabs Portugal, Rua Manuel Pinto de Azevedo 173, 4100-321 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Mariana Costa
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Unilabs Portugal, Centro Empresarial Lionesa Porto, Rua Lionesa, 4465-671 Leça do Balio, Portugal; (M.C.); (N.J.L.)
| | - Nuno Jorge Lamas
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Unilabs Portugal, Centro Empresarial Lionesa Porto, Rua Lionesa, 4465-671 Leça do Balio, Portugal; (M.C.); (N.J.L.)
- Anatomic Pathology Service, Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António (CHUdSA), Largo Professor Abel Salazar, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, Rua da Universidade, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Renato Correia
- Technology & Innovation Department, Unilabs Portugal, Rua Manuel Pinto de Azevedo 173, 4100-321 Porto, Portugal; (R.C.); (D.G.)
| | - Diogo Garcez
- Technology & Innovation Department, Unilabs Portugal, Rua Manuel Pinto de Azevedo 173, 4100-321 Porto, Portugal; (R.C.); (D.G.)
| | - José Miguel Pereira
- Radiology Department, Unilabs Portugal, Rua de Diogo Botelho 485, 4150-255 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Carlos Sousa
- PerMed Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (R.R.); (C.S.)
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Unilabs Portugal, Centro Empresarial Lionesa Porto, Rua Lionesa, 4465-671 Leça do Balio, Portugal; (M.C.); (N.J.L.)
| | - Nuno Vale
- PerMed Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (R.R.); (C.S.)
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Health Information and Decision (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
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3
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Pelos G, Riester M, Pal J, Myacheva K, Moneke I, Rotondo JC, Lübbert M, Diederichs S. Fast proliferating and slowly migrating non-small cell lung cancer cells are vulnerable to decitabine and retinoic acid combinatorial treatment. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:1029-1042. [PMID: 37947765 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients are often elderly or unfit and thus cannot tolerate standard aggressive therapy regimes. In our study, we test the efficacy of the DNA-hypomethylating agent decitabine (DAC) in combination with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), which has been shown to possess little systemic adverse effects. Screening a broad panel of 56 NSCLC cell lines uncovered a decrease in cell viability after the combination treatment in 77% of the cell lines. Transcriptomics, proteomics, proliferation and migration profiling revealed that fast proliferating and slowly migrating cell lines were more sensitive to the drug combination. The comparison of mutational profiles found oncogenic KRAS mutations only in sensitive cells. Additionally, different cell lines showed a heterogeneous gene expression response to the treatment pointing to diverse mechanisms of action. Silencing KRAS, RIG-I or RARB partially reversed the sensitivity of KRAS-mutant NCI-H460 cells. To study resistance, we generated two NCI-H460 cell populations resistant to ATRA and DAC, which migrated faster and proliferated slower than the parental sensitive cells and showed signs of senescence. In summary, this comprehensive dataset uncovers a broad sensitivity of NSCLC cells to the combinatorial treatment with DAC and ATRA and indicates that migration and proliferation capacities correlate with and could thus serve as determinants for drug sensitivity in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pelos
- Division of Cancer Research, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marisa Riester
- Division of Cancer Research, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jagriti Pal
- Division of Cancer Research, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ksenia Myacheva
- Division of Cancer Research, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, A Partnership Between DKFZ and University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Isabelle Moneke
- Division of Cancer Research, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - John Charles Rotondo
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Lübbert
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sven Diederichs
- Division of Cancer Research, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, A Partnership Between DKFZ and University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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4
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Yang M, Hu X, Tang B, Deng F. Exploring the interplay between methylation patterns and non-coding RNAs in non-small cell lung cancer: Implications for pathogenesis and therapeutic targets. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24811. [PMID: 38312618 PMCID: PMC10835372 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a global public health issue, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for 80-85 % of cases. With over two million new diagnoses annually, understanding the complex evolution of this disease is crucial. The development of lung cancer involves a complex interplay of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors, leading the key oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes to disorder, and activating the cancer related signaling pathway. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs), and circular RNA (circRNAs) are unique RNA transcripts with diverse biological functions. These ncRNAs are generated through genome transcription and play essential roles in cellular processes. Epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification, and histone methylation have gained significant attention in NSCLC research. The complexity of the interactions among these methylation modifications and ncRNAs contribute to the precise regulation of NSCLC development. This review comprehensively summarizes the associations between ncRNAs and different methylation modifications and discusses their effects on NSCLC. By elucidating these relationships, we aim to advance our understanding of NSCLC pathogenesis and identify potential therapeutic targets for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Xue Hu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Bin Tang
- Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Fengmei Deng
- School of Basic Medical Science, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
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5
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Shen L, Wang B, Wang SP, Ji SK, Fu MJ, Wang SW, Hou WQ, Dai XJ, Liu HM. Combination Therapy and Dual-Target Inhibitors Based on LSD1: New Emerging Tools in Cancer Therapy. J Med Chem 2024; 67:922-951. [PMID: 38214982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), a transcriptional modulator that represses or activates target gene expression, is overexpressed in many cancer and causes imbalance in the expression of normal gene networks. Over two decades, numerous LSD1 inhibitors have been reported, especially some of which have entered clinical trials, including eight irreversible inhibitors (TCP, ORY-1001, GSK-2879552, INCB059872, IMG-7289, ORY-2001, TAK-418, and LH-1802) and two reversible inhibitors (CC-90011 and SP-2577). Most clinical LSD1 inhibitors demonstrated enhanced efficacy in combination with other agents. LSD1 multitarget inhibitors have also been reported, exampled by clinical dual LSD1/histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibitors 4SC-202 and JBI-802. Herein, we present a comprehensive overview of the combination of LSD1 inhibitors with various antitumor agents, as well as LSD1 multitarget inhibitors. Additionally, the challenges and future research directionsare also discussed, and we hope this review will provide new insight into the development of LSD1-targeted anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shen
- Key Lab of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Key Lab of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Shao-Peng Wang
- Key Lab of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Shi-Kun Ji
- Key Lab of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Meng-Jie Fu
- Key Lab of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Shu-Wu Wang
- Key Lab of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Wen-Qing Hou
- Key Lab of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xing-Jie Dai
- Key Lab of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- Key Lab of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment; Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; Institute of Drug Discovery and Development; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
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6
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Alsaab HO, Abdullaev B, Alkhafaji AT, Alawadi AH, Jahlan I, Bahir H, Bisht YS, Alsaalamy A, Jabbar AM, Mustafa YF. A comprehension of signaling pathways and drug resistance; an insight into the correlation between microRNAs and cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 251:154848. [PMID: 37862919 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Despite the development of numerous therapies, cancer remains an incurable disease due to various factors, including drug resistance produced by cancer cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate different target genes involved in biological and pathological processes, including cancer, through post-transcriptional mechanisms. The development of drug resistance in cancer treatment is a significant barrier because it decreases drug uptake, cellular transport, and changes in proteins involved in cell proliferation, survival, and apoptotic pathways. Numerous studies have found a connection between miRNAs and the development of drug resistance in cancer cells. This paper provides a broad overview of how miRNAs regulate signaling pathways and influence treatment resistance in different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashem O Alsaab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Bekhzod Abdullaev
- Research Department of Biotechnology, New Uzbekistan University, Mustaqillik Avenue 54, Tashkent 100007, Uzbekistan; Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Central Asian University, Milliy Bog Street 264, Tashkent 111221, Uzbekistan.
| | | | - Ahmed Hussien Alawadi
- College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Iraq; College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University of Babylon, Iraq
| | - Ibtesam Jahlan
- Maternal and Child Health Nursing Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala Bahir
- Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Yashwant Singh Bisht
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Uttaranchal Institute of Technology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Ali Alsaalamy
- College of Technical Engineering, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna 66002, Iraq
| | - Abeer Mhussan Jabbar
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul 41001, Iraq
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7
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Sulewska A, Pilz L, Manegold C, Ramlau R, Charkiewicz R, Niklinski J. A Systematic Review of Progress toward Unlocking the Power of Epigenetics in NSCLC: Latest Updates and Perspectives. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060905. [PMID: 36980246 PMCID: PMC10047383 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic research has the potential to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of cancer, specifically non-small-cell lung cancer, and support our efforts to personalize the management of the disease. Epigenetic alterations are expected to have relevance for early detection, diagnosis, outcome prediction, and tumor response to therapy. Additionally, epi-drugs as therapeutic modalities may lead to the recovery of genes delaying tumor growth, thus increasing survival rates, and may be effective against tumors without druggable mutations. Epigenetic changes involve DNA methylation, histone modifications, and the activity of non-coding RNAs, causing gene expression changes and their mutual interactions. This systematic review, based on 110 studies, gives a comprehensive overview of new perspectives on diagnostic (28 studies) and prognostic (25 studies) epigenetic biomarkers, as well as epigenetic treatment options (57 studies) for non-small-cell lung cancer. This paper outlines the crosstalk between epigenetic and genetic factors as well as elucidates clinical contexts including epigenetic treatments, such as dietary supplements and food additives, which serve as anti-carcinogenic compounds and regulators of cellular epigenetics and which are used to reduce toxicity. Furthermore, a future-oriented exploration of epigenetic studies in NSCLC is presented. The findings suggest that additional studies are necessary to comprehend the mechanisms of epigenetic changes and investigate biomarkers, response rates, and tailored combinations of treatments. In the future, epigenetics could have the potential to become an integral part of diagnostics, prognostics, and personalized treatment in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anetta Sulewska
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (J.N.)
| | - Lothar Pilz
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christian Manegold
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rodryg Ramlau
- Department of Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Charkiewicz
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jacek Niklinski
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (J.N.)
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Jie C, Li R, Cheng Y, Wang Z, Wu Q, Xie C. Prospects and feasibility of synergistic therapy with radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1122352. [PMID: 36875059 PMCID: PMC9981667 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1122352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The morbidity and mortality of lung cancer are increasing, seriously threatening human health and life. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has an insidious onset and is not easy to be diagnosed in its early stage. Distant metastasis often occurs and the prognosis is poor. Radiotherapy (RT) combined with immunotherapy, especially with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has become the focus of research in NSCLC. The efficacy of immunoradiotherapy (iRT) is promising, but further optimization is necessary. DNA methylation has been involved in immune escape and radioresistance, and becomes a game changer in iRT. In this review, we focused on the regulation of DNA methylation on ICIs treatment resistance and radioresistance in NSCLC and elucidated the potential synergistic effects of DNA methyltransferases inhibitors (DNMTis) with iRT. Taken together, we outlined evidence suggesting that a combination of DNMTis, RT, and immunotherapy could be a promising treatment strategy to improve NSCLC outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jie
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rumeng Li
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yajie Cheng
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihao Wang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiuji Wu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Conghua Xie
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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9
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Wu Q, Yan Y, Shi S, Qi Q, Han J. DNMT3b-mediated SPAG6 promoter hypermethylation affects lung squamous cell carcinoma development through the JAK/STAT pathway. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:6964-6977. [PMID: 36398260 PMCID: PMC9641444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation controls the transcription of genes and is involved in the development of lung cancer. Our preliminary bioinformatics prediction revealed that sperm associated antigen 6 (SPAG6) was considerably hypermethylated in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). Thus, this study aimed to probe the mechanism underlying its hypermethylation. METHODS The effect of DNA methylation of SPAG6 on its expression in LUSC was analyzed. The contributors to SPAG6 DNA hypermethylation were sought. CCK-8, EdU, and Transwell assays were carried out to assess the malignant phenotype of LUSC cells. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was used to screen for pathways affected by SPAG6, which were confirmed by dual-luciferase assays. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to dissect the impact of SPAG6 on the immune response and cancer cell stemness in LUSC. RESULTS DNA methyltransferase 3b (DNMT3b)-mediated hypermethylation of the SPAG6 promoter in LUSC led to SPAG6 downregulation. SPAG6 reverted the malignant phenotype of LUSC cells. SPAG6 regulated the JAK/STAT pathway by inhibiting the transcription of STAT1 and STAT3. The expression of SPAG6 was positively related to immune infiltration in LUSC and inversely related to the expressions of the immunosuppressive genes CTLA4 and PDCD1. SPAG6 expression was negatively correlated with cancer cell stemness in LUSC, and its expression inhibited the expressions of Nanog, ALDH1, and Sox2, markers of cancer cell stemness. CONCLUSIONS DNMT3b-mediated SPAG6 promoter hypermethylation activates the JAK/STAT pathway to promote LUSC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianbiao Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNo. 6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yibo Yan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNo. 6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shuo Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNo. 6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Quan Qi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNo. 6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jiahui Han
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNo. 6, Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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Liu T, Guo W, Luo K, Li L, Dong J, Liu M, Shi X, Wang Z, Zhang J, Yin J, Qiu N, Lu M, Chen D, Jia X, Liu H, Gu Y, Xiong Y, Zheng G, Xu G, He Z, Zhang Z. Smoke-induced SAV1 Gene Promoter Hypermethylation Disrupts YAP Negative Feedback and Promotes Malignant Progression of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:4497-4512. [PMID: 35864957 PMCID: PMC9295071 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.73428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
YAP (gene symbol YAP1) as a potential oncoprotein, is positively correlated with the malignancy of various tumors. However, overexpression of YAP alone in multiple normal tissue cells has failed to induce tumor formation and the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Herein, we show that YAP activation directly induces transcription of its negative regulator, SAV1, to constitute a negative feedback loop, which plays a vital role in maintaining lung epithelial cell homeostasis and was dysregulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Notably, smoking promotes the hypermethylation of the SAV1 promoter region, which disrupts YAP negative feedback by inactivating the Hippo pathway. Besides, exogenous overexpression of SAV1 can act as a traffic protein, activating the Hippo signaling and concurrently inhibiting the WNT pathway to decrease cancer cell growth. Furthermore, using the lung cancer organoids, we found that lentivirus-mediated SAV1 gene transfer combined with methylation inhibitor and YAP-TEAD inhibitor is a potential feasible clinical medication regimen for the lung cancer patient, especially among the smoking population. Thus, this SAV1 mediated feedback loop provides an efficient mechanism to establish the robustness and homeostasis of YAP regulation and as a potential target of gene therapy for the smoking NSCLC population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Guangzhou city, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Guangzhou city, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Kai Luo
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Guangzhou city, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Guangzhou city, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jing Dong
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Guangzhou city, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Meijun Liu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Guangzhou city, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xingyuan Shi
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jianlei Zhang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Guangzhou city, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Yin
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Guangzhou city, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Ni Qiu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Guangzhou city, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Minying Lu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Guangzhou city, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Danyang Chen
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Guangzhou city, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoting Jia
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Guangzhou city, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Guangzhou city, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yixue Gu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Guangzhou city, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Guopei Zheng
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Guangzhou city, Guangdong, P. R. China.,The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Gang Xu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Guangzhou city, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Zhimin He
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Guangzhou city, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of "Translational Medicine on Malignant Tumor Treatment", Guangzhou city, Guangdong, P. R. China
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11
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Shin DS, Park K, Garon E, Dubinett S. Targeting EZH2 to overcome the resistance to immunotherapy in lung cancer. Semin Oncol 2022; 49:S0093-7754(22)00045-8. [PMID: 35851153 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Unleashing the immune system to fight cancer has been a major breakthrough in cancer therapeutics since 2014 when anti-PD-1 antibodies (pembrolizumab and nivolumab) were approved for patients with metastatic melanoma. Therapeutic indications have rapidly expanded for many types of advanced cancer, including lung cancer. A variety of antibodies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint are contributing to this paradigm shift. The field now confronts two salient challenges: first, to improve the therapeutic outcome given the low response rate across the histologies; second, to identify biomarkers for improved patient selection. Pre-clinical and clinical studies are underway to evaluate combinatorial treatments to improve the therapeutic outcome paired with correlative studies to identify the factors associated with response and resistance. One of the emerging strategies is to combine epigenetic modifiers with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) based on the evidence that targeting epigenetic elements can enhance anti-tumor immunity by reshaping the tumor microenvironment (TME). We will briefly review pleotropic biological functions of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), the enzymatic subunit of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), clinical developments of oral EZH2 inhibitors, and potentially promising approaches to combine EZH2 inhibitors and PD-1 blockade for patients with advanced solid tumors, focusing on lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sanghoon Shin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Division of Hematology/Oncology, CA, USA; Member of Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, CA, USA; Member of Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, CA, USA.
| | - Kevin Park
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Edward Garon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Member of Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, CA, USA
| | - Steven Dubinett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Departments of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Division of Hematology/Oncology, CA, USA; Member of Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, CA, USA; Member of Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, CA, USA
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12
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Yang S, Huang Y, Zhao Q. Epigenetic Alterations and Inflammation as Emerging Use for the Advancement of Treatment in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:878740. [PMID: 35514980 PMCID: PMC9066637 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.878740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains one of the most common malignancies in the world. Nowadays, the most common lung cancer is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), namely, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell lung carcinoma. Epigenetic alterations that refer to DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNA expression, are now suggested to drive the genesis and development of NSCLC. Additionally, inflammation-related tumorigenesis also plays a vital role in cancer research and efforts have been attempted to reverse such condition. During the occurrence and development of inflammatory diseases, the immune component of inflammation may cause epigenetic changes, but it is not always certain whether the immune component itself or the stimulated host cells cause epigenetic changes. Moreover, the links between epigenetic alterations and cancer-related inflammation and their influences on the human cancer are not clear so far. Therefore, the connection between epigenetic drivers, inflammation, and NSCLC will be summarized. Investigation on such topic is most likely to shed light on the molecular and immunological mechanisms of epigenetic and inflammatory factors and promote the application of epigenetics in the innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shuo Yang, ; Yang Huang, ; Qi Zhao,
| | - Yang Huang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shuo Yang, ; Yang Huang, ; Qi Zhao,
| | - Qi Zhao
- Cancer Centre, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, Macau SAR, China
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau, Macau SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Shuo Yang, ; Yang Huang, ; Qi Zhao,
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13
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Abstract
This overview of the molecular pathology of lung cancer includes a review of the most salient molecular alterations of the genome, transcriptome, and the epigenome. The insights provided by the growing use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in lung cancer will be discussed, and interrelated concepts such as intertumor heterogeneity, intratumor heterogeneity, tumor mutational burden, and the advent of liquid biopsy will be explored. Moreover, this work describes how the evolving field of molecular pathology refines the understanding of different histologic phenotypes of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the underlying biology of small-cell lung cancer. This review will provide an appreciation for how ongoing scientific findings and technologic advances in molecular pathology are crucial for development of biomarkers, therapeutic agents, clinical trials, and ultimately improved patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Saller
- Departments of Pathology and Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Theresa A Boyle
- Departments of Pathology and Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
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14
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Liu Q, Xiong J, Xu D, Hao N, Zhang Y, Sang Y, Wang Z, Zheng X, Min J, Diao H, Raphael J, Vareki SM, Koropatnick J, Min W. TdIF1-LSD1 Axis Regulates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Metastasis via Histone Demethylation of E-Cadherin Promoter in Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:250. [PMID: 35008676 PMCID: PMC8745707 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously found that TdT-interacting factor 1 (TdIF1) is a potential oncogene expressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is associated with poor prognosis. However, its exact mechanism is still unclear. The lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is a crucial mediator of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), an important process triggered during cancer metastasis. Here, we confirm that TdIF1 is highly expressed in NSCLC and related to lymph node metastasis through The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) analysis of clinical samples. Silencing TdIF1 can regulate the expression of EMT-related factors and impair the migration and invasion ability of cancer cells in vitro. An analysis of tumor xenografts in nude mice confirmed that silencing TdIF1 inhibits tumor growth. Furthermore, we determined the interaction between TdIF1 and LSD1 using immunoprecipitation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) revealed that TdIF1 was enriched in the E-cadherin promoter region. The knockdown of TdIF1 repressed the enrichment of LSD1 at the E-cadherin promoter region, thereby regulating the level of promoter histone methylation and modulating E-cadherin transcription activity, ultimately leading to changes in EMT factors and cancer cell migration and invasion ability. The LSD1 inhibitor and TdIF1 knockdown combination showed a synergistic effect in inhibiting the growth, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells. Taken together, this is the first demonstration that TdIF1 regulates E-cadherin transcription by recruiting LSD1 to the promoter region, thereby promoting EMT and tumor metastasis and highlighting the potential of TdIF1 as a therapeutic target for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Institute of Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang 330046, China; (Q.L.); (D.X.); (N.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Z.W.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (X.Z.); (S.M.V.); (J.K.)
| | - Juan Xiong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518054, China;
| | - Derong Xu
- Institute of Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang 330046, China; (Q.L.); (D.X.); (N.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Z.W.)
| | - Nan Hao
- Institute of Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang 330046, China; (Q.L.); (D.X.); (N.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yujuan Zhang
- Institute of Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang 330046, China; (Q.L.); (D.X.); (N.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yi Sang
- Institute of Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang 330046, China; (Q.L.); (D.X.); (N.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Institute of Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang 330046, China; (Q.L.); (D.X.); (N.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Z.W.)
| | - Xiufen Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (X.Z.); (S.M.V.); (J.K.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada;
| | - Jeffrey Min
- London Regional Cancer Program, Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (J.M.); (H.D.)
| | - Hong Diao
- London Regional Cancer Program, Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (J.M.); (H.D.)
| | - Jacques Raphael
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada;
- London Regional Cancer Program, Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (J.M.); (H.D.)
| | - Saman Maleki Vareki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (X.Z.); (S.M.V.); (J.K.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada;
- London Regional Cancer Program, Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (J.M.); (H.D.)
| | - James Koropatnick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (X.Z.); (S.M.V.); (J.K.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada;
- London Regional Cancer Program, Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (J.M.); (H.D.)
| | - Weiping Min
- Institute of Immunotherapy, College of Basic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang 330046, China; (Q.L.); (D.X.); (N.H.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (Z.W.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (X.Z.); (S.M.V.); (J.K.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada;
- London Regional Cancer Program, Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplantation Studies, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5A5, Canada; (J.M.); (H.D.)
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15
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Cheng Y, Zhang T, Xu Q. Therapeutic advances in non-small cell lung cancer: Focus on clinical development of targeted therapy and immunotherapy. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:692-729. [PMID: 34977873 PMCID: PMC8706764 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer still contributes to nearly one-quarter cancer-related deaths in the past decades, despite the rapid development of targeted therapy and immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The development and availability of comprehensive genomic profiling make the classification of NSCLC more precise and personalized. Most treatment decisions of advanced-stage NSCLC have been made based on the genetic features and PD-L1 expression of patients. For the past 2 years, more than 10 therapeutic strategies have been approved as first-line treatment for certain subgroups of NSCLC. However, some major challenges remain, including drug resistance and low rate of overall survival. Therefore, we discuss and review the therapeutic strategies of NSCLC, and focus on the development of targeted therapy and immunotherapy in advanced-stage NSCLC. Based on the latest guidelines, we provide an updated summary on the standard treatment for NSCLC. At last, we discussed several potential therapies for NSCLC. The development of new drugs and combination therapies both provide promising therapeutic effects on NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cheng
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug TargetState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Tao Zhang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug TargetState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of OncologyShanghai Tenth People's HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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16
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Amiri S, Rabbani-Chadegani A, Davoodi J, Fakhrabadi HG. Restoration of MiR-34a Expression by 5-Azacytidine Augments Alimta -Induced Cell Death in Non-Small Lung Cancer Cells by Downregulation of HMG B1, A2 and Bcl-2 Pathway. CELL JOURNAL 2021; 23:674-683. [PMID: 34939761 PMCID: PMC8665979 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2021.7332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alimta (Pemetrexed) as an antifolate drug has been approved for the treatment of lung cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the combination effect of 5-Azacytidine (5-aza) and Alimta on the miR-34a and its target genes expression and induction of apoptotic cell death in non-small lung cancer A549 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, lung cancer A549 cells were treated with various concentrations of Alimta alone and combined with 5-Aza. Then, viability was assessed by trypan blue and MTT assays. mRNA expressions were performed by real time-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot. Flow cytometry used to detect apoptotic/ necrotic cells and cell cycle arrest. RESULTS Alimta alone reduced viability of the cells in a dose dependent manner with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 12 μM. Pretreatment of the cells with 5-aza (5 μM) induced a synergistic cytotoxic effect with IC50 of 3 μM. Sequential exposure of the cells to 5-aza and Alimta enhanced miR-34a expression and significantly downregulated HMGB1, HMGA2 and BCL-2 expressions. Also, it was associated with reduction of nuclear HMGB1 and HMGA2 content. Caspase-3 activation, HMGB1 release into extracellular space and staining of the cells with annexine V/PI suggested that 5-aza reduced late apoptotic/necrotic cell death induced by Alimta. In addition, combination of 5-aza and Alimta arrested the cells at S and sub-G1 phases and inhibited colony formation. CONCLUSION 5-aza synergistically enhances Alimta induced apoptotic cell death through HMG proteins regulation, MIR34A gene expression and intrinsic apoptosis mechanism, providing a promising combination therapy in clinical lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Azra Rabbani-Chadegani
- P.O.Box: 13145-1384Department of BiochemistryInstitute of Biochemistry and BiophysicsUniversity of TehranTehranIran
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17
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Elfadadny A, El-Husseiny HM, Abugomaa A, Ragab RF, Mady EA, Aboubakr M, Samir H, Mandour AS, El-Mleeh A, El-Far AH, Abd El-Aziz AH, Elbadawy M. Role of multidrug resistance-associated proteins in cancer therapeutics: past, present, and future perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:49447-49466. [PMID: 34355314 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15759-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cancer, a major public health problem, is one of the world's top leading causes of death. Common treatments for cancer include cytotoxic chemotherapy, surgery, targeted drugs, endocrine therapy, and immunotherapy. However, despite the outstanding achievements in cancer therapies during the last years, resistance to conventional chemotherapeutic agents and new targeted drugs is still the major challenge. In the present review, we explain the different mechanisms involved in cancer therapy and the detailed outlines of cancer drug resistance regarding multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs) and their role in treatment failures by common chemotherapeutic agents. Further, different modulators of MRPs are presented. Finally, we outlined the models used to analyze MRP transporters and proposed a future impact that may set up a base or pave the way for many researchers to investigate the cancer MRP further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elfadadny
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, El-Beheira, 22511, Egypt
| | - Hussein M El-Husseiny
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya, 13736, Egypt
| | - Amira Abugomaa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahliya, 35516, Egypt
| | - Rokaia F Ragab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, El-Beheira, 22511, Egypt
| | - Eman A Mady
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Behavior and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya, 13736, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Aboubakr
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya, 13736, Egypt
| | - Haney Samir
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Mandour
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (Internal Medicine), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Amany El-Mleeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin El Kom, Egypt
| | - Ali H El-Far
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, El-Beheira, 22511, Egypt
| | - Ayman H Abd El-Aziz
- Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elbadawy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya, 13736, Egypt.
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18
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Shi YX. Identification of the molecular function of tripartite motif containing 58 in human lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:685. [PMID: 34434284 PMCID: PMC8335731 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a major public health problem worldwide, with a high associated incidence and mortality. In the present study, novel epigenetic signatures were identified through genome-wide DNA methylation microarrays. The results revealed that tripartite motif containing 58 (TRIM58), a potential tumor suppressor gene exhibited high methylation and low expression in lung cancer tissue samples compared with normal tissues. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that TRIM58 may be a promising early diagnostic indicator of lung cancer. In addition, the present study analyzed the role of TRIM58 in tumorigenesis and development in lung cancer A549 cells. Wound healing assay and transwell migration assay were used to investigate cell migration, and flow cytometry analysis was used to detect apoptosis. Silencing TRIM58 accelerated the proliferation and migration of lung cancer cells. In contrast, the overexpression of TRIM58 significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of lung cancer cells and promoted apoptosis. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that TRIM58 expression was negatively correlated with MYC targets, G2M checkpoints and the mTORC1 signaling pathway. These results of the present study suggested that TRIM58, a potential tumor suppressor gene may serve as a novel diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target in human lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Xiang Shi
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
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19
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Abstract
The epigenetic landscape, which in part includes DNA methylation, chromatin organization, histone modifications, and noncoding RNA regulation, greatly contributes to the heterogeneity that makes developing effective therapies for lung cancer challenging. This review will provide an overview of the epigenetic alterations that have been implicated in all aspects of cancer pathogenesis and progression as well as summarize clinical applications for targeting epigenetics in the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne L Chao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
| | - Chad V Pecot
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, USA
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Wang Y, Huang J, Wu Q, Zhang J, Ma Z, Zhu L, Xia B, Ma S, Zhang S. Decitabine Sensitizes the Radioresistant Lung Adenocarcinoma to Pemetrexed Through Upregulation of Folate Receptor Alpha. Front Oncol 2021; 11:668798. [PMID: 34079760 PMCID: PMC8165306 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.668798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the backbone of subsequent treatment for patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) exhibiting radiation resistance, and pemetrexed plays a critical role in this chemotherapy. However, few studies have assessed changes in the sensitivity of LUAD cells to pemetrexed under radioresistant circumstances. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to delineate changes in the sensitivity of radioresistant LUAD cells to pemetrexed and to elucidate the related mechanisms and then develop an optimal strategy to improve the cytotoxicity of pemetrexed in radioresistant LUAD cells. Our study showed a much lower efficacy of pemetrexed in radioresistant cells than in parental cells, and the mechanism of action was the significant downregulation of folate receptor alpha (FRα) by long-term fractionated radiotherapy, which resulted in less cellular pemetrexed accumulation. Interestingly, decitabine effectively reversed the decrease in FRα expression in radioresistant cells through an indirect regulatory approach. Thereafter, we designed a combination therapy of pemetrexed and decitabine and showed that the activation of FRα by decitabine sensitizes radioresistant LUAD cells to pemetrexed both in vitro and in xenografts. Our findings raised a question regarding the administration of pemetrexed to patients with LUAD exhibiting acquired radioresistance and accordingly suggested that a combination of pemetrexed and decitabine would be a promising treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Wang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- The Fourth College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lucheng Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Xia
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenglin Ma
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Cancer Medical Center, Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shirong Zhang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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21
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Shi Y, Lei Y, Liu L, Zhang S, Wang W, Zhao J, Zhao S, Dong X, Yao M, Wang K, Zhou Q. Integration of comprehensive genomic profiling, tumor mutational burden, and PD-L1 expression to identify novel biomarkers of immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Med 2021; 10:2216-2231. [PMID: 33655698 PMCID: PMC7982619 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the novel biomarkers for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) responses in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by integrating genomic profiling, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and expression of programmed death receptor 1 ligand (PD-L1). MATERIALS AND METHODS Tumor and blood samples from 637 Chinese patients with NSCLC were collected for targeted panel sequencing. Genomic alterations, including single nucleotide variations, insertions/deletions, copy number variations, and gene rearrangements, were assessed and TMB was computed. TMB-high (TMB-H) was defined as ≥10 mutations/Mb. PD-L1 positivity was defined as ≥1% tumor cells with membranous staining. Genomic data and ICI outcomes of 240 patients with NSCLC were derived from cBioPortal. RESULTS EGFR-sensitizing mutations, ALK, RET, and ROS1 rearrangements were associated with lower TMB and PD-L1+/TMB-H proportions, whereas KRAS, ALK, RET, and ROS1 substitutions/indels correlated with higher TMB and PD-L1+/TMB-H proportions than wild-type genotypes. Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 (KMT2) family members (KMT2A, KMT2C, and KMT2D) were frequently mutated in NSCLC tumors, and these mutations were associated with higher TMB and PD-L1 expression, as well as higher PD-L1+/TMB-H proportions. Specifically, patients with KMT2C mutations had higher TMB and PD-L1+/TMB-H proportions than wild-type patients. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.47 months (95% CI 2.5-NA) in patients with KMT2C mutations versus 3.17 months (95% CI 2.6-4.27) in wild-type patients (p = 0.058). Furthermore, in patients with NSCLC who underwent ICI treatment, patients with TP53/KMT2C co-mutations had significantly longer PFS and greater durable clinical benefit (HR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.24-0.94, p = 0.033). TP53 mutation combined with KMT2C or KRAS mutation was a better biomarker with expanded population benefit from ICIs therapy and increased the predictive power (HR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.26-0.81, p = 0.007). CONCLUSION We found that tumors with different alterations in actionable target genes had variable expression of PD-L1 and TMB in NSCLC. TP53/KMT2C co-mutation might serve as a predictive biomarker for ICI responses in NSCLC. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Cancer immunotherapies, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), have revolutionized the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, only a proportion of patients derive durable responses to this treatment. Biomarkers with greater accuracy are highly needed. In total, 637 Chinese patients with NSCLC were analyzed using next-generation sequencing and IHC to characterize the unique features of genomic alterations and TMB and PD-L1 expression. Our study demonstrated that KMT2C/TP53 co-mutation might be an accurate, cost-effective, and reliable biomarker to predict responses to PD-1 blockade therapy in NSCLC patients and that adding KRAS to the biomarker combination creates a more robust parameter to identify the best responders to ICI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Shi
- Department of geriatric thoracic surgeryThe First Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming CityPeople's Republic of China
| | - Youming Lei
- Department of geriatric thoracic surgeryThe First Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming CityPeople's Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- Cancer CenterUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | | | | | - Juan Zhao
- OrigiMedShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | | | | | - Ming Yao
- OrigiMedShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wang
- OrigiMedShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Guangdong Lung Cancer InstituteGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung CancerGuangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouPeople's Republic of China
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22
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Dominici C, Sgarioto N, Yu Z, Sesma-Sanz L, Masson JY, Richard S, Raynal NJM. Synergistic effects of type I PRMT and PARP inhibitors against non-small cell lung cancer cells. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:54. [PMID: 33691794 PMCID: PMC7948358 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01037-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death and represents a major health burden worldwide. Current therapies for NSCLC include chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted molecular agents such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors and epigenetic drugs such as DNA methyltransferase inhibitors. However, survival rates remain low for patients with NSCLC, especially those with metastatic disease. A major cause for therapeutic failure is drug resistance, highlighting the need for novel therapies and combination strategies. Given that epigenetic modulators such as protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are frequently overexpressed in cancers, PRMT inhibitors are a promising class of cancer therapeutics. We screened a library of epigenetic and anticancer drugs to identify compounds that would synergize with MS023, a type I PRMT inhibitor, in decreasing the viability of methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP)-negative NSCLC cells. Results Among 181 compounds, we identified PARP inhibitors (PARPi) as having a strong synergistic interaction with type I PRMT inhibition. The combination of MS023 and the PARP inhibitor BMN-673 (Talazoparib) demonstrated strong synergistic interaction at low nanomolar concentrations in MTAP-negative NSCLC cell lines A549, SK-LU-1 and HCC4006. The re-introduction of MTAP decreased the sensitivity of the combination therapy in A549. The combination therapy resulted in elevated γ-H2AX foci indicating increased DNA damage causing decreased cell viability. Lastly, the combination therapy was effective in PARPi resistant ovarian cancer cells, suggesting that type I PRMT inhibitors could mitigate PARPi resistance, thus potentially having an important clinical impact for cancer treatment. Conclusions These findings identify a novel cancer drug combination therapy, which is more potent than the separate single-agent therapies. Thus, combining PARP inhibitors and type I PRMT inhibitors represents a new therapeutic opportunity for MTAP-negative NSCLC and certain cancer cells resistant to PARP inhibitors. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-021-01037-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Dominici
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology and Departments of Biochemistry, Human Genetics and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Nicolas Sgarioto
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, and Research Centre of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montréal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Zhenbao Yu
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology and Departments of Biochemistry, Human Genetics and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Laura Sesma-Sanz
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, Oncology Division, Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 9 McMahon, Québec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Jean-Yves Masson
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, Oncology Division, Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 9 McMahon, Québec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Stéphane Richard
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology and Departments of Biochemistry, Human Genetics and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.
| | - Noël J-M Raynal
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, and Research Centre of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montréal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada.
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Kim MJ, Chen G, Sica GL, Deng X. Epigenetic modulation of FBW7/Mcl-1 pathway for lung cancer therapy. Cancer Biol Ther 2020; 22:55-65. [PMID: 33336620 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2020.1856756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylation induces epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes in human lung cancer. Inhibition of DNA methyltransferases by decitabine (DAC) can demethylate and activate epigenetically silenced tumor suppressor genes. Epigenetic therapy using DAC should be an attractive strategy for lung cancer therapy. FBW7 is a tumor suppressor that functions as an Mcl-1 E3 ligase to degrade Mcl-1 by ubiquitination. Here we discovered that treatment of various human lung cancer cells with DAC resulted in activation of FBW7 expression, decreased levels of Mcl-1 protein, and growth inhibition. DAC-activated FBW7 expression promoted Mcl-1 ubiquitination and degradation leading to a significant reduction in the half-life of Mcl-1 protein. Mechanistically, treatment of lung cancer cells or lung cancer xenografts with DAC induced the conversion of the FBW7 gene from a methylated form to an unmethylated form, which was associated with the increased expression of FBW7 and decreased expression of Mcl-1 in vitro and in vivo. DAC suppressed lung cancer growth in a dose-dependent manner in vivo. Combined treatment with DAC and a Bcl2 inhibitor, venetoclax, exhibited strong synergistic potency against lung cancer without normal tissue toxicity. These findings uncover a novel mechanism by which DAC suppresses tumor growth by targeting the FBW7/Mcl-1 signaling pathway. Combination of DAC with Bcl2 inhibitor venetoclax provides more effective epigenetic therapy for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Jeong Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University , Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
| | - Guo Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gabriel L Sica
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Xingming Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Ding S, Zhang H, Zhao X, Dang J, Li G. UNC5A, an epigenetically silenced gene, functions as a tumor suppressor in non-small cell lung cancer. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:3009-3017. [PMID: 33100860 PMCID: PMC7569136 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
UNC5A has been reported to be related with human cancers. However, the function and mechanism in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) remains unknown. We analyzed two NSCLC cell lines (A549 and H157), one normal human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) and the tissues of NSCLC. We used quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), western blot and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining to examine the expression of UNC5A. Methylation status of the UNC5A promoter was analyzed using methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP). We used western blot to analyzed protein levels of PI3K/Akt pathway. We found that the mRNA expression of UNCA5 was significantly downregulated in NSCLC cells and tissues. The promoter of UNC5A was hypermethylated in NSCLC cells compared to normal control cells. The expression of UNC5A could be reversed by demethylation agent in NSCLC cells. The expression of UNC5A was decreased in NSCLC samples and significantly associated with the advanced types of NSCLC. Functionally, knockdown of UNC5A promoted cell proliferation, migration, invasion and induced apoptosis in NSCLC, overexpression of UNC5A yielded the opposite result. Moreover, we found that UNC5A negatively regulated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in NSCLC. UNC5A is a novel epigenetically silenced gene in NSCLC and consequent under-expression of UNC5A may contribute to NSCLC tumorigenesis through regulating PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silu Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Jun Dang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Guang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
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25
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Iurescia S, Fioretti D, Rinaldi M. The Innate Immune Signalling Pathways: Turning RIG-I Sensor Activation Against Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3158. [PMID: 33121210 PMCID: PMC7693898 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last 15 years, the ability to harness a patient's own immune system has led to significant progress in cancer therapy. For instance, immunotherapeutic strategies, including checkpoint inhibitors or adoptive cell therapy using chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T), are specifically aimed at enhancing adaptive anti-tumour immunity. Several research groups demonstrated that adaptive anti-tumour immunity is highly sustained by innate immune responses. Host innate immunity provides the first line of defence and mediates recognition of danger signals through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as cytosolic sensors of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) signals. The retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) is a cytosolic RNA helicase, which detects viral double-strand RNA and, once activated, triggers signalling pathways, converging on the production of type I interferons, proinflammatory cytokines, and programmed cell death. Approaches aimed at activating RIG-I within cancers are being explored as novel therapeutic treatments to generate an inflammatory tumour microenvironment and to facilitate cytotoxic T-cell cross-priming and infiltration. Here, we provide an overview of studies regarding the role of RIG-I signalling in the tumour microenvironment, and the most recent preclinical studies that employ RIG-I agonists. Lastly, we present a selection of clinical trials designed to prove the antitumour role of RIG I and that may result in improved therapeutic outcomes for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Iurescia
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Department of Biomedical Science, National Research Council (CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | | | - Monica Rinaldi
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Department of Biomedical Science, National Research Council (CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy;
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26
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Kommalapati A, Tanvetyanon T. Epigenetic modulation of immunotherapy cofactors to enhance tumor response in lung cancer. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 17:51-54. [PMID: 32460615 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1764273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy with a checkpoint inhibitor has revolutionized the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Replacing cytotoxic chemotherapy in some settings, immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors enables many patients to live longer with much fewer side effects. Nonetheless, immunotherapy alone only works for about one-fifth of unselected patients and despite the durability of response, treatment will eventually fail. There are several important cofactors within the tumor microenvironment which can contribute to the efficacy of immunotherapy. These include T-cells, chemokines, and antigen presentations. Preliminary research has shown that these cofactors can be altered by epigenetic modulation. Specifically, hypomethylating agents or histone deacetylase inhibitors can lead to changes in the compositions and characteristics within the tumor microenvironment in a way that enhances the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitor. In recent clinical trials of combined immuno-epigenetic therapy, tumor responses were observed among patients who were previously resistant or refractory to immunotherapy. Furthermore, biological correlative studies also confirmed the mechanism of action of these agents, especially among patients who derived benefit. Nonetheless, at present, the efficacy in terms of tumor response seems modest and side effects, though mostly not serious, can result in treatment interruption or interfere with the quality of life.
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27
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Epigenetic Alterations in Oesophageal Cancer: Expression and Role of the Involved Enzymes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103522. [PMID: 32429269 PMCID: PMC7278932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal cancer is a life-threatening disease, accounting for high mortality rates. The poor prognosis of this malignancy is mostly due to late diagnosis and lack of effective therapies for advanced disease. Epigenetic alterations may constitute novel and attractive therapeutic targets, owing to their ubiquity in cancer and their reversible nature. Herein, we offer an overview of the most important studies which compared differences in expression of enzymes that mediate epigenetic alterations between oesophageal cancer and normal mucosa, as well as in vitro data addressing the role of these genes/proteins in oesophageal cancer. Furthermore, The Cancer Genome Atlas database was interrogated for the correlation between expression of these epigenetic markers and standard clinicopathological features. We concluded that most epigenetic players studied thus far are overexpressed in tumours compared to normal tissue. Furthermore, functional assays suggest an oncogenic role for most of those enzymes, supporting their potential as therapeutic targets in oesophageal cancer.
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28
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Velazquez AI, McCoach CE. Tumor evolution in epidermal growth factor receptor mutated non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Dis 2020; 12:2896-2909. [PMID: 32642202 PMCID: PMC7330358 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.08.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As the incidence of cancer increases worldwide there is an unmet need to understand cancer evolution to improve patient outcomes. Our growing knowledge of cancer cells' clonal expansion, heterogeneity, adaptation, and relationships within the tumor immune compartment and with the tumor microenvironment has made clear that cancer is a disease that benefits from heterogeneity and evolution. This review outlines recent knowledge of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) pathogenesis and tumor progression from an evolutionary standpoint, focused on the role of oncogenic driver mutations as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Understanding lung cancer evolution during tumor development, growth, and under treatment pressures is crucial to improve therapeutic interventions and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Velazquez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Caroline E McCoach
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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29
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ID1 overexpression increases gefitinib sensitivity in non-small cell lung cancer by activating RIP3/MLKL-dependent necroptosis. Cancer Lett 2020; 475:109-118. [PMID: 32004572 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
ID1 is an oncogenic factor in cancer, but its role in relation to drug sensitivity is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of ID1 in drug sensitivity in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). ID1 overexpression in NSCLC cells harboring either EGFR or KRAS mutation was performed and the sensitivity of NSCLC to gefitinib (ZD1839) was measured. A murine orthotopic lung carcinoma model with or without stable ID1 overexpression was developed and treated with gefitinib. Transcriptomic and bioinformatics analyses showed that ID1 overexpression promoted inflammation-related cell death but not apoptosis in gefitinib-treated NSCLC cells. ID1 induced necroptosis by triggering activation of RIP1/RIP3/MLKL pathways. Protein kinase array further suggested that ID1 overexpression maintains Akt activity in gefitinib-treated NSCLC cells, which in turn upregulated FLICE-like inhibitory protein to dissociate the caspase-8-RIP1 complex. The association of RIP1 and RIP3 further activated necroptotic cell death in gefitinib-treated NSCLC. In conclusion, ID1 overexpression in NSCLC induced cellular sensitivity to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, regardless of the mutational status of NSCLC. The results may provide scientific evidence for optimizing the treatment outcomes of gefitinib for NSCLC patients.
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30
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Current Landscape of Epigenetics in Lung Cancer: Focus on the Mechanism and Application. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:8107318. [PMID: 31889956 PMCID: PMC6930737 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8107318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Tumorigenesis involves a multistep process resulting from the interactions of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. Genome-wide association studies and sequencing studies have identified many epigenetic alterations associated with the development of lung cancer. Epigenetic mechanisms, mainly including DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), are heritable and reversible modifications that are involved in some important biological processes and affect cancer hallmarks. We summarize the major epigenetic modifications in lung cancer, focusing on DNA methylation and ncRNAs, their roles in tumorigenesis, and their effects on key signaling pathways. In addition, we describe the clinical application of epigenetic biomarkers in the early diagnosis, prognosis prediction, and oncotherapy of lung cancer. Understanding the epigenetic regulation mechanism of lung cancer can provide a new explanation for tumorigenesis and a new target for the precise treatment of lung cancer.
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31
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Liu WJ, Du Y, Wen R, Yang M, Xu J. Drug resistance to targeted therapeutic strategies in non-small cell lung cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 206:107438. [PMID: 31715289 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rapidly developing molecular biology techniques have been employed to identify cancer driver genes in specimens from patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Inhibitors and antibodies that specifically target driver gene-mediated signaling pathways to suppress tumor growth and progression are expected to extend the survival time and further improve the quality of life of patients. However, the health of patients with advanced and metastatic NSCLC presents significant challenges due to treatment resistance, mediated by cancer driver gene alteration, epigenetic alteration, and tumor heterogeneity. In this review, we discuss two different resistance mechanisms in NSCLC targeted therapies, namely changes in the targeted oncogenes (on-target resistance) and changes in other related signaling pathways (off-target resistance) in tumor cells. We highlight the conventional mechanisms of drug resistance elicited by the complex heterogeneous microenvironment of NSCLC during targeted therapy, including mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), the receptor tyrosine kinase ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS1), and the serine/threonine-protein kinase BRAF (v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B). We also discuss the mechanism of action of less common oncoproteins, as in-depth understanding of these molecular mechanisms is important for optimizing treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Yue Du
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ru Wen
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA
| | - Ming Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, China.
| | - Jian Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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DNA methyltransferase inhibitors induce a BRCAness phenotype that sensitizes NSCLC to PARP inhibitor and ionizing radiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:22609-22618. [PMID: 31591209 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1903765116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A minority of cancers have breast cancer gene (BRCA) mutations that confer sensitivity to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPis), but the role for PARPis in BRCA-proficient cancers is not well established. This suggests the need for novel combination therapies to expand the use of these drugs. Recent reports that low doses of DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTis) plus PARPis enhance PARPi efficacy in BRCA-proficient AML subtypes, breast, and ovarian cancer open up the possibility that this strategy may apply to other sporadic cancers. We identify a key mechanistic aspect of this combination therapy in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC): that the DNMTi component creates a BRCAness phenotype through downregulating expression of key homologous recombination and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) genes. Importantly, from a translational perspective, the above changes in DNA repair processes allow our combinatorial PARPi and DNMTi therapy to robustly sensitize NSCLC cells to ionizing radiation in vitro and in vivo. Our combinatorial approach introduces a biomarker strategy and a potential therapy paradigm for treating BRCA-proficient cancers like NSCLC.
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33
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Assaraf YG, Brozovic A, Gonçalves AC, Jurkovicova D, Linē A, Machuqueiro M, Saponara S, Sarmento-Ribeiro AB, Xavier CP, Vasconcelos MH. The multi-factorial nature of clinical multidrug resistance in cancer. Drug Resist Updat 2019; 46:100645. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2019.100645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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34
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Mishra A, Verma M. Prognostic value of epigenomic profiling in lung cancer. Transl Cancer Res 2019; 8:350-353. [PMID: 35116766 PMCID: PMC8798437 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2019.03.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alok Mishra
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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35
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Meyer CT, Wooten DJ, Paudel BB, Bauer J, Hardeman KN, Westover D, Lovly CM, Harris LA, Tyson DR, Quaranta V. Quantifying Drug Combination Synergy along Potency and Efficacy Axes. Cell Syst 2019; 8:97-108.e16. [PMID: 30797775 PMCID: PMC6675406 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Two goals motivate treating diseases with drug combinations: reduce off-target toxicity by minimizing doses (synergistic potency) and improve outcomes by escalating effect (synergistic efficacy). Established drug synergy frameworks obscure such distinction, failing to harness the potential of modern chemical libraries. We therefore developed multi-dimensional synergy of combinations (MuSyC), a formalism based on a generalized, multi-dimensional Hill equation, which decouples synergistic potency and efficacy. In mutant-EGFR-driven lung cancer, MuSyC reveals that combining a mutant-EGFR inhibitor with inhibitors of other kinases may result only in synergistic potency, whereas synergistic efficacy can be achieved by co-targeting mutant-EGFR and epigenetic regulation or microtubule polymerization. In mutant-BRAF melanoma, MuSyC determines whether a molecular correlate of BRAFi insensitivity alters a BRAF inhibitor's potency, efficacy, or both. These findings showcase MuSyC's potential to transform the enterprise of drug-combination screens by precisely guiding translation of combinations toward dose reduction, improved efficacy, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian T. Meyer
- Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232,
USA.,Center for Cancer Systems Biology at Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - David J. Wooten
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Center for Cancer Systems Biology at Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - B. Bishal Paudel
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Joshua Bauer
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Institute of Chemical Biology, High-Throughput Screening Facility, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
37232, USA
| | - Keisha N. Hardeman
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - David Westover
- Institute of Chemical Biology, High-Throughput Screening Facility, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
37232, USA
| | - Christine M. Lovly
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville,
TN 37232, USA
| | - Leonard A. Harris
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology at Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Darren R. Tyson
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology at Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Vito Quaranta
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology at Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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36
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Sarne V, Braunmueller S, Rakob L, Seeboeck R. The Relevance of Gender in Tumor-Influencing Epigenetic Traits. EPIGENOMES 2019; 3:epigenomes3010006. [PMID: 34991275 PMCID: PMC8594720 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes3010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis as well as the molecular orchestration of cancer progression are very complex mechanisms that comprise numerous elements of influence and regulation. Today, many of the major concepts are well described and a basic understanding of a tumor's fine-tuning is given. Throughout the last decade epigenetics has been featured in cancer research and it is now clear that the underlying mechanisms, especially DNA and histone modifications, are important regulators of carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Another key regulator, which is well known but has been neglected in scientific approaches as well as molecular diagnostics and, consequently, treatment conceptualization for a long time, is the subtle influence patient gender has on molecular processes. Naturally, this is greatly based on hormonal differences, but from an epigenetic point of view, the diverse susceptibility to stress and environmental influences is of prime interest. In this review we present the current view on which and how epigenetic modifications, emphasizing DNA methylation, regulate various tumor diseases. It is our aim to elucidate gender and epigenetics and their interconnectedness, which will contribute to understanding of the prospect molecular orchestration of cancer in individual tumors.
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37
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Khalil A, Dekmak B, Boulos F, Kantrowitz J, Spira A, Fujimoto J, Kadara H, El-Hachem N, Nemer G. Transcriptomic Alterations in Lung Adenocarcinoma Unveil New Mechanisms Targeted by the TBX2 Subfamily of Tumor Suppressor Genes. Front Oncol 2018; 8:482. [PMID: 30425966 PMCID: PMC6218583 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
T-box (TBX) transcription factors are evolutionary conserved genes and master transcriptional regulators. In mammals, TBX2 subfamily (TBX2, TBX3, TBX4, and TBX5) genes are expressed in the developing lung bud and tracheae. Our group previously showed that the expression of TBX2 subfamily was significantly high in human normal lungs, but markedly suppressed in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). To further elucidate their role in LUAD pathogenesis, we first confirmed abundant expression of protein products of the four members by immunostaining in adult human normal lung tissues. We also found overall suppressed expression of these genes and their corresponding proteins in a panel of human LUAD cell lines. Transient over-expression of each of the genes in human (NCI-H1299), and mouse (MDA-F471) derived lung cancer cells was found to significantly inhibit growth and proliferation as well as induce apoptosis. Genome-wide transcriptomic analyses on NCI-H1299 cells, overexpressing TBX2 gene subfamily, unraveled novel regulatory pathways. These included, among others, inhibition of cell cycle progression but more importantly activation of the histone demethylase pathway. When using a pattern-matching algorithm, we showed that TBX's overexpression mimic molecular signatures from azacitidine treated NCI-H1299 cells which in turn are inversely correlated to expression profiles of both human and murine lung tumors relative to matched normal lung. In conclusion, we showed that the TBX2 subfamily genes play a critical tumor suppressor role in lung cancer pathogenesis through regulating its methylating pattern, making them putative candidates for epigenetic therapy in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athar Khalil
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Batoul Dekmak
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Fouad Boulos
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jake Kantrowitz
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Avrum Spira
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Junya Fujimoto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Humam Kadara
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Division of Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nehme El-Hachem
- Faculty of Medicine and Genome Innovation Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Georges Nemer
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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38
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Macheleidt IF, Dalvi PS, Lim SY, Meemboor S, Meder L, Käsgen O, Müller M, Kleemann K, Wang L, Nürnberg P, Rüsseler V, Schäfer SC, Mahabir E, Büttner R, Odenthal M. Preclinical studies reveal that LSD1 inhibition results in tumor growth arrest in lung adenocarcinoma independently of driver mutations. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:1965-1979. [PMID: 30220105 PMCID: PMC6210049 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most prevalent subtype of non-small cell lung cancer. Despite the development of novel targeted and immune therapies, the 5-year survival rate is still only 21%, indicating the need for more efficient treatment regimens. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is an epigenetic eraser that modifies histone 3 methylation status, and is highly overexpressed in LUAD. Using representative human cell culture systems and two autochthonous transgenic mouse models, we investigated inhibition of LSD1 as a novel therapeutic option for treating LUAD. The reversible LSD1 inhibitor HCI-2509 significantly reduced cell growth with an IC50 of 0.3-5 μmin vitro, which was linked to an enhancement of histone 3 lysine methylation. Most importantly, growth arrest, as well as inhibition of the invasion capacities, was independent of the underlying driver mutations. Subsequent expression profiling revealed that the cell cycle and replication machinery were prominently affected after LSD1 inhibition. In addition, our data provide evidence that LSD1 blockade significantly interferes with EGFR downstream signaling. Finally, our in vitro results were confirmed by preclinical therapeutic approaches, including the use of two autochthonous transgenic LUAD mouse models driven by either EGFR or KRAS mutations. Importantly, LSD1 inhibition resulted in significantly lower tumor formation and a strong reduction in tumor progression, which were independent of the underlying mutational background of the mouse models. Hence, our findings provide substantial evidence indicating that tumor growth of LUAD can be markedly decreased by HCI-2509 treatment, suggesting its use as a single agent maintenance therapy or combined therapeutical application in novel concerted drug approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris F Macheleidt
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Priya S Dalvi
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - So-Young Lim
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Sonja Meemboor
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Lydia Meder
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany.,Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany
| | - Olivia Käsgen
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Marion Müller
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany
| | - Karolin Kleemann
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Lingyu Wang
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Vanessa Rüsseler
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany.,Lung Cancer Group Cologne, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan C Schäfer
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany.,Lung Cancer Group Cologne, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany.,Center for Integrative Oncology, University Clinic of Cologne and Bonn, Germany
| | - Esther Mahabir
- Comparative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Reinhard Büttner
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany.,Lung Cancer Group Cologne, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany.,Center for Integrative Oncology, University Clinic of Cologne and Bonn, Germany
| | - Margarete Odenthal
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany.,Lung Cancer Group Cologne, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany
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39
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Chen M, Nie J, Liu Y, Li X, Zhang Y, Brock MV, Feng K, Wu Z, Li X, Shi L, Li S, Guo M, Mei Q, Han W. Phase Ib/II study of safety and efficacy of low-dose decitabine-primed chemoimmunotherapy in patients with drug-resistant relapsed/refractory alimentary tract cancer. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:1530-1540. [PMID: 29663379 PMCID: PMC6099263 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The pressing need for improved therapeutic outcomes provides a good rationale for identifying effective strategies for alimentary tract (AT) cancer treatment. The potential re-sensitivity property to chemo- and immunotherapy of low-dose decitabine has been evident both preclinically and in previous phase I trials. We conducted a phase Ib/II trial evaluating low-dose decitabine-primed chemoimmunotherapy in patients with drug-resistant relapsed/refractory (R/R) esophageal, gastric or colorectal cancers. Forty-five patients received either the 5-day decitabine treatment with subsequent readministration of the previously resistant chemotherapy (decitabine-primed chemotherapy, D-C cohort) or the aforementioned regimen followed by cytokine-induced killer cells therapy (D-C and cytokine-induced killer [CIK] cell treatment, D-C + CIK cohort) based on their treatment history. Grade 3 to 4 adverse events (AEs) were reported in 11 (24.4%) of 45 patients. All AEs were controllable, and no patient experienced a treatment-related death. The objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were 24.44% and 82.22%, respectively, including two patients who achieved durable complete responses. Clinical response could be associated with treatment-free interval and initial surgical resection history. ORR and DCR reached 28% and 92%, respectively, in the D-C + CIK cohort. Consistently, the progression-free survival (PFS) of the D-C + CIK cohort compared favorably to the best PFS of the pre-resistant unprimed therapy (p = 0.0001). The toxicity and ORRs exhibited were non-significantly different between cancer types and treatment cohort. The safety and efficacy of decitabine-primed re-sensitization to chemoimmunotherapy is attractive and promising. These data warrant further large-scale evaluation of drug-resistant R/R AT cancer patients with advanced stage disease.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy
- Adenocarcinoma/immunology
- Adenocarcinoma/secondary
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/secondary
- Cells, Cultured
- Cohort Studies
- Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells/drug effects
- Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells/immunology
- Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells/pathology
- Decitabine/therapeutic use
- Digestive System/drug effects
- Digestive System/immunology
- Digestive System/pathology
- Digestive System Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Digestive System Neoplasms/immunology
- Digestive System Neoplasms/pathology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Immunotherapy
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/immunology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Prognosis
- Salvage Therapy
- Survival Rate
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixia Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bio‐therapeuticInstitute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jing Nie
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bio‐therapeuticInstitute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bio‐therapeuticInstitute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bio‐therapeuticInstitute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bio‐therapeuticInstitute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | | | - Kaichao Feng
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bio‐therapeuticInstitute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bio‐therapeuticInstitute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bio‐therapeuticInstitute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Lu Shi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bio‐therapeuticInstitute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Suxia Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bio‐therapeuticInstitute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhou Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Qian Mei
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bio‐therapeuticInstitute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Han
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bio‐therapeuticInstitute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingPeople's Republic of China
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40
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Chen Y, Liu X, Li Y, Quan C, Zheng L, Huang K. Lung Cancer Therapy Targeting Histone Methylation: Opportunities and Challenges. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2018; 16:211-223. [PMID: 30002791 PMCID: PMC6039709 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common malignancies. In spite of the progress made in past decades, further studies to improve current therapy for lung cancer are required. Dynamically controlled by methyltransferases and demethylases, methylation of lysine and arginine residues on histone proteins regulates chromatin organization and thereby gene transcription. Aberrant alterations of histone methylation have been demonstrated to be associated with the progress of multiple cancers including lung cancer. Inhibitors of methyltransferases and demethylases have exhibited anti-tumor activities in lung cancer, and multiple lead candidates are under clinical trials. Here, we summarize how histone methylation functions in lung cancer, highlighting most recent progresses in small molecular inhibitors for lung cancer treatment.
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Key Words
- ALK, anaplastic lymphoma kinase
- DUSP3, dual-specificity phosphatase 3
- EMT, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
- Elk1, ETS-domain containing protein
- HDAC, histone deacetylase
- Histone demethylase
- Histone demethylation
- Histone methylation
- Histone methyltransferase
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- Inhibitors
- KDMs, lysine demethylases
- KLF2, Kruppel-like factor 2
- KMTs, lysine methyltransferases
- LSDs, lysine specific demethylases
- Lung cancer
- MEP50, methylosome protein 50
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- PAD4, peptidylarginine deiminase 4
- PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen
- PDX, patient-derived xenografts
- PRC2, polycomb repressive complex 2
- PRMTs, protein arginine methyltrasferases
- PTMs, posttranslational modifications
- SAH, S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
- SAM, S-adenosyl-L-methionine
- SCLC, small cell lung cancer
- TIMP3, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Chen
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xinran Liu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yangkai Li
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chuntao Quan
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ling Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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41
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Daskalakis M, Brocks D, Sheng YH, Islam MS, Ressnerova A, Assenov Y, Milde T, Oehme I, Witt O, Goyal A, Kühn A, Hartmann M, Weichenhan D, Jung M, Plass C. Reactivation of endogenous retroviral elements via treatment with DNMT- and HDAC-inhibitors. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:811-822. [PMID: 29633898 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1442623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTis) or histone deacetylases (HDACis) are epigenetic drugs which are investigated since decades. Several have been approved and are applied in the treatment of hematopoietic and lymphatic malignancies, although their mode of action has not been fully understood. Two recent findings improved mechanistic insights: i) activation of human endogenous retroviral elements (HERVs) with concomitant synthesis of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs), and ii) massive activation of promoters from long terminal repeats (LTRs) which originated from past HERV invasions. These dsRNAs activate an antiviral response pathway followed by apoptosis. LTR promoter activation leads to synthesis of non-annotated transcripts potentially encoding novel or cryptic proteins. Here, we discuss the current knowledge of the molecular effects exerted by epigenetic drugs with a focus on DNMTis and HDACis. We highlight the role in LTR activation and provide novel data from both in vitro and in vivo epigenetic drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Daskalakis
- a Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors , German Cancer Research Center , Heidelberg , Germany.,f German Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - David Brocks
- a Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors , German Cancer Research Center , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Yi-Hua Sheng
- b School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine , National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Md Saiful Islam
- a Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors , German Cancer Research Center , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Alzbeta Ressnerova
- a Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors , German Cancer Research Center , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Yassen Assenov
- a Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors , German Cancer Research Center , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Till Milde
- c Translational Program, Hopp Children's Cancer Center at NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ) , Germany.,d CCU Pediatric Oncology , German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany.,e Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology , University Hospital, and Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, DKFZ , Heidelberg , Germany.,f German Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Ina Oehme
- c Translational Program, Hopp Children's Cancer Center at NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ) , Germany.,d CCU Pediatric Oncology , German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany.,e Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology , University Hospital, and Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, DKFZ , Heidelberg , Germany.,f German Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Olaf Witt
- c Translational Program, Hopp Children's Cancer Center at NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ) , Germany.,d CCU Pediatric Oncology , German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany.,e Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology , University Hospital, and Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, DKFZ , Heidelberg , Germany.,f German Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Ashish Goyal
- a Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors , German Cancer Research Center , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Alexander Kühn
- a Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors , German Cancer Research Center , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Mark Hartmann
- a Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors , German Cancer Research Center , Heidelberg , Germany.,g Regulation of Cellular Differentiation Group , German Cancer Research Center , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Dieter Weichenhan
- a Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors , German Cancer Research Center , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Manfred Jung
- h Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg , Germany
| | - Christoph Plass
- a Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors , German Cancer Research Center , Heidelberg , Germany.,f German Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK) , Heidelberg , Germany
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42
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Bronte G, Bravaccini S, Bronte E, Burgio MA, Rolfo C, Delmonte A, Crinò L. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in the context of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition in non-small-cell lung cancer. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 93:1735-1746. [PMID: 29671943 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The identification of oncogenic driver mutations in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has led to the development of targeted drugs. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) directed against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) target lung tumours bearing EGFR-activating mutations. This new therapeutic strategy has greatly improved tumour response rates. However, drug resistance invariably occurs during TKI-based treatment. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of the resistance mechanisms identified in EGFR-mutated NSCLC treated with TKIs. In this review we gather together the most important findings on this phenomenon in relation to cancer stem cells and cancer epigenetics. We also outline the correlation between the effects of stromal factors from the microenvironment, the transcription factors activated, the epigenetic changes in chromatin, and the evolution of cellular behaviour. Notably, EMT has already been shown to be the link between benign lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung carcinogenesis. The various mechanisms of acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs are also briefly described to provide background information on EMT. Our extensive review of the scientific literature serves to highlight the cellular and molecular events that lead to the onset of EMT in NSCLC cells treated with EGFR-TKIs. Finally, we put forward a hypothesis to explain why, in some cases, EMT rather than other known mechanisms is involved in resistance to TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Bronte
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, Italy
| | - Sara Bravaccini
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Enrico Bronte
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Angelo Burgio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, Italy
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Phase I Early Clinical Trials Unit, Department of Oncology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Antwerpen, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Angelo Delmonte
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, Italy
| | - Lucio Crinò
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, Italy
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Wu B, Yang S, Sun H, Sun T, Ji F, Wang Y, Xu L, Zhou D. Keap1 Inhibits Metastatic Properties of NSCLC Cells by Stabilizing Architectures of F-Actin and Focal Adhesions. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:508-516. [PMID: 29330291 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Low expression of the tumor suppressor Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) often results in higher malignant biological behavior and poor prognosis; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The present study demonstrates that overexpression of Keap1 significantly suppresses migration and invasion of three different lung cancer cells (A549, H460, and H1299). Highly expressed Keap1, compared with the control, promotes formation of multiple stress fibers with larger mature focal adhesion complexes in the cytoplasm where only fine focal adhesions were observed in the membrane under control conditions. RhoA activity significantly increased when Keap1 was overexpressed, whereas Myosin 9b expression was reduced but could be rescued by proteasome inhibition. Noticeably, mouse tumor xenografts with Keap1 overexpression were smaller in size and less metastatic relative to the control group. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Keap1 stabilizes F-actin cytoskeleton structures and inhibits focal adhesion turnover, thereby restraining the migration and invasion of NSCLC. Therefore, increasing Keap1 or targeting its downstream molecules might provide potential therapeutic benefits for the treatment of patients with NSCLC.Implications: This study provides mechanistic insight on the metastatic process in NSCLC and suggests that Keap1 and its downstream molecules may be valuable drug targets for NSCLC patients. Mol Cancer Res; 16(3); 508-16. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing, P. R. China
- Cancer Institute of Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing, P. R. China
- Cancer Institute of Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Haimei Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing, P. R. China
- Cancer Institute of Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Tingyi Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing, P. R. China
- Cancer Institute of Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fengqing Ji
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing, P. R. China
- Cancer Institute of Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yurong Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lie Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Deshan Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Beijing, P. R. China
- Cancer Institute of Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
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Booth L, Roberts JL, Kirkwood J, Poklepovic A, Dent P. Unconventional Approaches to Modulating the Immunogenicity of Tumor Cells. Adv Cancer Res 2018; 137:1-15. [PMID: 29405973 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
For several years, it has been known that histone deacetylase inhibitors have the potential to alter the immunogenicity of tumor cells exposed to checkpoint inhibitory immunotherapy antibodies. HDAC inhibitors can rapidly reduce expression of PD-L1 and increase expression of MHCA in various tumor types that subsequently facilitate the antitumor actions of checkpoint inhibitors. Recently, we have discovered that drug combinations which cause a rapid and intense autophagosome formation also can modulate the expression of HDAC proteins that control tumor cell immunogenicity via their regulation of PD-L1 and MHCA. These drug combinations, in particular those using the irreversible ERBB1/2/4 inhibitor neratinib, can result in parallel in the internalization of growth factor receptors as well as fellow-traveler proteins such as mutant K-RAS and mutant N-RAS into autophagosomes. The drug-induced autophagosomes contain HDAC proteins/signaling proteins whose expression is subsequently reduced by lysosomal degradation processes. These findings argue that cancer therapies which strongly promote autophagosome formation and autophagic flux may facilitate the subsequent use of additional antitumor modalities using checkpoint inhibitor antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Booth
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Jane L Roberts
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - John Kirkwood
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Melanoma and Skin Cancer Program, Hillman Cancer Research Pavilion Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | | | - Paul Dent
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
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45
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Peng B, Liu A, Yu X, Xu E, Dai J, Li M, Yang Q. Silencing of lncRNA AFAP1-AS1 suppressed lung cancer development by regulatory mechanism in cis and trans. Oncotarget 2017; 8:93608-93623. [PMID: 29212176 PMCID: PMC5706822 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the long noncoding RNA AFAP1-AS1 has been shown to be involved in various types of cancer, its involvement in lung cancer remains poorly understood. In the current study, we found that AFAP1-AS1 was substantially over expressed in lung cancer tissues and cell lines. In addition, AFAP1-AS1 expression level was proven to be associated with the malignant features of lung cancer. Knockdown of AFAP1-AS1 significantly suppressed cell proliferation by increasing cell apoptosis and G0/G1 phase retardation of cell cycle in lung cancer cells. Furthermore, AFAP1-AS1 knockdown could suppress tumor growth of lung cancer in BALB/c nude mice. We also identified that AFAP1-AS1 silencing could influence the expression of AFAP1 and KRT1 on mRNA and protein level by cis and trans regulatory mechanism. Moreover, the oncogenic activities of AFAP1-AS1 on cell proliferation are partially mediated by KRT1. In summary, these findings demonstrate that AFAP1-AS1 plays an essential role in promoting lung cancer development in vitro and vivo. It indicated that AFAP1-AS1 is a promising prognostic predictor for patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoying Peng
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510120, PR China.,The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Anfei Liu
- The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Xuanwei Yu
- The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Enwu Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Jiabin Dai
- The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Mengcheng Li
- The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Qiaoyuan Yang
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510120, PR China.,The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou 511436, China
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46
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Zhang Y, Mei Q, Liu Y, Li X, Brock MV, Chen M, Dong L, Shi L, Wang Y, Guo M, Nie J, Han W. The safety, efficacy, and treatment outcomes of a combination of low-dose decitabine treatment in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1323619. [PMID: 28932630 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1323619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: DNA demethylating agents have shown clinical effectiveness in hematological and solid tumors. This trial tested the safety, efficacy, and treatment outcomes of decitabine-based chemotherapy or combined with immunotherapy in recurrent ovarian cancer patients. Patients and methods: Fifty-five patients with recurrent ovarian cancer were enrolled and 52 were assessable for clinical response and survival. Patients either received 5-d decitabine treatment, followed by reduced-dose of paclitaxel/carboplatin administration (DTC cohort), or the aforementioned regimen combined with cytokine-induced killer cells therapy (DTC+CIK cohort). The primary end point was clinical response rate and progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary evaluation included safety assessment and overall survival (OS). Results: Disease control rate (DCR) and objective response rate (ORR) were 73.91% and 23.91% in disease measurable patients by RECIST criteria, totally 76.92% and 30.77%, including disease non-measurable patients, which were higher in platinum-resistant/refractory patients. Clinical benefits could be associated with the number of DAC treatment cycles and the inclusion of CIK immunotherapy. In DTC+CIK cohort, DCR and ORR reached 100% and 58.30%, respectively. Notably, DTC+CIK treatment in platinum-resistant/refractory patients had an ORR of 87.50%. Consistently, PFS was longer in platinum-resistant/refractory patients comparing with that of platinum-sensitive patients. PFS and OS were 8 and 19 mo in platinum-resistant/refractory patients with DTC+CIK therapy. The most common toxicities were nausea, anorexia, fatigue, neutropenia, and anemia; many of which were grade 1-2. Conclusion: Low-dose DAC/paclitaxel/carboplatin regimen demonstrates disease benefit, especially in patients with platinum-resistant/refractory ovarian cancer, and might show remarkable clinical response when combined with adoptive immunotherapy in platinum-resistant/refractory ovarian cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bio-therapeutic, Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Mei
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bio-therapeutic, Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bio-therapeutic, Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bio-therapeutic, Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Malcolm V Brock
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Meixia Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bio-therapeutic, Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bio-therapeutic, Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Shi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bio-therapeutic, Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bio-therapeutic, Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mingzhou Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Nie
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bio-therapeutic, Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Han
- Department of Molecular Biology and Bio-therapeutic, Institute of Basic Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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