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Feng F, Wang Q, Jiang K, Lei D, Huang S, Wu H, Yue G, Wang B. Transcriptome analysis reveals ZmERF055 contributes to waterlogging tolerance in sweetcorn. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 204:108087. [PMID: 37847974 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Waterlogging is a major disaster damaging crop production. However, most sweetcorn cultivars are not tolerant to waterlogging, which severely threatens their production. In order to understand the genetic mechanisms underlying waterlogging tolerance in sweetcorn, this study conducted a comprehensive investigation of sweetcorn waterlogging tolerance at the levels of physiology, biochemistry, and transcriptome in two sweetcorn CSSLs (chromosome segment substitution lines), D120 and D81. We found that D120 showed increased plant height, root length, root area, adventitious root numbers, antioxidant enzyme activities, and aerenchyma area ratio compared to D81. The transcriptome results showed that 2492 and 2351 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained at 4 h and 8 h of waterlogging treatment, respectively. Genes involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, photosynthesis, and alcohol fermentation are sensitive in the waterlogging tolerant genotype D120, resulting in enhanced ROS scavenging ability, adventitious roots, and aerenchyma formation. Additionally, ethylene-, auxin-, and ABA-related genes exhibited different responses to waterlogging stress in sweetcorn. We integrated transcriptome and differential chromosomal fragments data and identified that ZmERF055 on chromosome 9 was directly involved in waterlogging stress. ZmERF055-overexpressing plants consistently exhibited significantly increased waterlogging tolerance and ROS homeostasis in Arabidopsis. These results offer a network of plant hormone signaling, ROS homeostasis, and energy metabolism co-modulating waterlogging tolerance in sweetcorn. Additionally, the findings support ZmERF055 as a potential ideal target gene in crop breeding to improve plant waterlogging tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faqiang Feng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Kerui Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Dan Lei
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shilin Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Huichao Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Gaohong Yue
- Southern Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325006, China.
| | - Bo Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Antisense Transcription in Plants: A Systematic Review and an Update on cis-NATs of Sugarcane. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911603. [PMID: 36232906 PMCID: PMC9569758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Initially, natural antisense transcripts (NATs, natRNAs, or asRNAs) were considered repressors; however, their functions in gene regulation are diverse. Positive, negative, or neutral correlations to the cognate gene expression have been noted. Although the first studies were published about 50 years ago, there is still much to be investigated regarding antisense transcripts in plants. A systematic review of scientific publications available in the Web of Science databases was conducted to contextualize how the studying of antisense transcripts has been addressed. Studies were classified considering three categories: “Natural antisense” (208), artificial antisense used in “Genetic Engineering” (797), or “Natural antisense and Genetic Engineering”-related publications (96). A similar string was used for a systematic search in the NCBI Gene database. Of the 1132 antisense sequences found for plants, only 0.8% were cited in PubMed and had antisense information confirmed. This value was the lowest when compared to fungi (2.9%), bacteria (2.3%), and mice (54.1%). Finally, we present an update for the cis-NATs identified in Saccharum spp. Of the 1413 antisense transcripts found in different experiments, 25 showed concordant expressions, 22 were discordant, 1264 did not correlate with the cognate genes, and 102 presented variable results depending on the experiment.
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Waterlogging Stress Induces Antioxidant Defense Responses, Aerenchyma Formation and Alters Metabolisms of Banana Plants. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11152052. [PMID: 35956531 PMCID: PMC9370344 DOI: 10.3390/plants11152052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Flooding caused or exacerbated by climate change has threatened plant growth and food production worldwide. The lack of knowledge on how crops respond and adapt to flooding stress imposes a major barrier to enhancing their productivity. Hence, understanding the flooding-responsive mechanisms of crops is indispensable for developing new flooding-tolerant varieties. Here, we examined the banana (Musa acuminata cv. Berangan) responses to soil waterlogging for 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 24 days. After waterlogging stress, banana root samples were analyzed for their molecular and biochemical changes. We found that waterlogging treatment induced the formation of adventitious roots and aerenchyma with conspicuous gas spaces. In addition, the antioxidant activities, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde contents of the waterlogged bananas increased in response to waterlogging stress. To assess the initial response of bananas toward waterlogging stress, we analyzed the transcriptome changes of banana roots. A total of 3508 unigenes were differentially expressed under 1-day waterlogging conditions. These unigenes comprise abiotic stress-related transcription factors, such as ethylene response factors, basic helix-loop-helix, myeloblastosis, plant signal transduction, and carbohydrate metabolisms. The findings of the study provide insight into the complex molecular events of bananas in response to waterlogging stress, which could later help develop waterlogging resilient crops for the future climate.
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Qian Z, Wu L, Tang L. Effects of Flooding and Endogenous Hormone on the Formation of Knee Roots in Taxodium ascendens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:803619. [PMID: 35185981 PMCID: PMC8850469 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.803619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Taxodium ascendens is a typical tree species with high flood tolerance, and it can generate knee roots in the wetlands. This study investigated the number and size of knee roots and the soil flooding conditions. Furthermore, we also measured physiology, biochemical responses, and the anatomical structure of knee roots and underground roots at different developmental stages. This study aimed to understand the adaptation mechanism of T. ascendens to flooding stress and the formation mechanism of the knee roots. The results showed that the formation of knee roots was significantly affected by the soil water table (P < 0.05). The middle water table was more conducive to the formation of knee roots. In the middle water table, the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) content and ACC synthase activity were significantly lower in the knee roots than in the underground roots. The knee roots at the young-aged stage showed the highest ACC oxidase activity among the development stages of the knee roots. The ethylene release rate was significantly higher in the knee roots than in the underground roots (P < 0.05). Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content first increased, then decreased with knee root development. The periderm cells at the apex of the knee roots were dead and had many intercellular spaces, which was beneficial for the growth of T. ascendens. In conclusion, the middle water table induced the ethylene and IAA production, which promoted the formation of knee roots, which improved roots ventilation and flooding tolerance of T. ascendens. The results obtained can provide information about mechanisms of knee roots formation and provide scientific evidence for the afforestation and management under wetland conditions.
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Chen H, Bullock DA, Alonso JM, Stepanova AN. To Fight or to Grow: The Balancing Role of Ethylene in Plant Abiotic Stress Responses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:plants11010033. [PMID: 35009037 PMCID: PMC8747122 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plants often live in adverse environmental conditions and are exposed to various stresses, such as heat, cold, heavy metals, salt, radiation, poor lighting, nutrient deficiency, drought, or flooding. To adapt to unfavorable environments, plants have evolved specialized molecular mechanisms that serve to balance the trade-off between abiotic stress responses and growth. These mechanisms enable plants to continue to develop and reproduce even under adverse conditions. Ethylene, as a key growth regulator, is leveraged by plants to mitigate the negative effects of some of these stresses on plant development and growth. By cooperating with other hormones, such as jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA), brassinosteroids (BR), auxin, gibberellic acid (GA), salicylic acid (SA), and cytokinin (CK), ethylene triggers defense and survival mechanisms thereby coordinating plant growth and development in response to abiotic stresses. This review describes the crosstalk between ethylene and other plant hormones in tipping the balance between plant growth and abiotic stress responses.
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Kacprzyk J, Burke R, Schwarze J, McCabe PF. Plant programmed cell death meets auxin signalling. FEBS J 2021; 289:1731-1745. [PMID: 34543510 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Both auxin signalling and programmed cell death (PCD) are essential components of a normally functioning plant. Auxin underpins plant growth and development, as well as regulating plant defences against environmental stresses. PCD, a genetically controlled pathway for selective elimination of redundant, damaged or infected cells, is also a key element of many developmental processes and stress response mechanisms in plants. An increasing body of evidence suggests that auxin signalling and PCD regulation are often connected. While generally auxin appears to suppress cell death, it has also been shown to promote PCD events, most likely via stimulation of ethylene biosynthesis. Intriguingly, certain cells undergoing PCD have also been suggested to control the distribution of auxin in plant tissues, by either releasing a burst of auxin or creating an anatomical barrier to auxin transport and distribution. These recent findings indicate novel roles of localized PCD events in the context of plant development such as control of root architecture, or tissue regeneration following injury, and suggest exciting possibilities for incorporation of this knowledge into crop improvement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kacprzyk
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Science Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rory Burke
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Science Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Johanna Schwarze
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Science Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul F McCabe
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Science Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Calderan-Rodrigues MJ, de Barros Dantas LL, Cheavegatti Gianotto A, Caldana C. Applying Molecular Phenotyping Tools to Explore Sugarcane Carbon Potential. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:637166. [PMID: 33679852 PMCID: PMC7935522 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.637166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), a C4 grass, has a peculiar feature: it accumulates, gradient-wise, large amounts of carbon (C) as sucrose in its culms through a complex pathway. Apart from being a sustainable crop concerning C efficiency and bioenergetic yield per hectare, sugarcane is used as feedstock for producing ethanol, sugar, high-value compounds, and products (e.g., polymers and succinate), and bioelectricity, earning the title of the world's leading biomass crop. Commercial cultivars, hybrids bearing high levels of polyploidy, and aneuploidy, are selected from a large number of crosses among suitable parental genotypes followed by the cloning of superior individuals among the progeny. Traditionally, these classical breeding strategies have been favoring the selection of cultivars with high sucrose content and resistance to environmental stresses. A current paradigm change in sugarcane breeding programs aims to alter the balance of C partitioning as a means to provide more plasticity in the sustainable use of this biomass for metabolic engineering and green chemistry. The recently available sugarcane genetic assemblies powered by data science provide exciting perspectives to increase biomass, as the current sugarcane yield is roughly 20% of its predicted potential. Nowadays, several molecular phenotyping tools can be applied to meet the predicted sugarcane C potential, mainly targeting two competing pathways: sucrose production/storage and biomass accumulation. Here we discuss how molecular phenotyping can be a powerful tool to assist breeding programs and which strategies could be adopted depending on the desired final products. We also tackle the advances in genetic markers and mapping as well as how functional genomics and genetic transformation might be able to improve yield and saccharification rates. Finally, we review how "omics" advances are promising to speed up plant breeding and reach the unexplored potential of sugarcane in terms of sucrose and biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Camila Caldana
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
- *Correspondence: Camila Caldana,
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Denbigh GL, Dauphinee AN, Fraser MS, Lacroix CR, Gunawardena AHLAN. The role of auxin in developmentally regulated programmed cell death in lace plant. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2020; 107:577-586. [PMID: 32319093 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Lace plant (Aponogeton madagascariensis) leaves are remodeled via developmental programmed cell death (PCD) to produce perforations located equidistantly between longitudinal and transverse veins. Auxin has been implicated in other developmental PCD processes in plants; however, the role of auxin in perforation formation in lace plant is unknown. Here the role of auxin in developmental PCD in lace plant was studied using two auxin inhibitors N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA), an auxin transport inhibitor, and auxinole, a potent auxin antagonist. METHODS Sterile cultures of lace plants were propagated and treated with NPA or auxinole. Leaf length, leaf width, and number of perforations were then analyzed. Vein patterning and perforation area were further examined in NPA-treated plants. Downstream PCD transduction events were investigated via spectrophotometric assays, histochemical staining, and immuno-probing. RESULTS Lace plants treated with NPA or auxinole produced leaves with fewer perforations compared to their respective controls. Although NPA treatment was insufficient to completely alter vein patterning, NPA-treated leaves did have significantly more atypical areoles compared to control leaves. Events involved in perforation formation in lace plant leaves were altered following treatment with NPA, including anthocyanin production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that inhibition of auxin signaling disrupts several downstream features of the lace plant PCD signaling cascade and results in fewer or no perforations. Therefore, we concluded that auxin signaling is important for developmentally regulated PCD in lace plant leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia L Denbigh
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Adrian N Dauphinee
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Meredith S Fraser
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
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Queiroz de Pinho Tavares E, Camara Mattos Martins M, Grandis A, Romim GH, Rusiska Piovezani A, Weissmann Gaiarsa J, Silveira Buckeridge M. Newly identified miRNAs may contribute to aerenchyma formation in sugarcane roots. PLANT DIRECT 2020; 4:e00204. [PMID: 32226917 PMCID: PMC7098396 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Small RNAs comprise three families of noncoding regulatory RNAs that control gene expression by blocking mRNA translation or leading to mRNA cleavage. Such post-transcriptional negative regulation is relevant for both plant development and environmental adaptations. An important biotechnological application of miRNA identification is the discovery of regulators and effectors of cell wall degradation, which can improve/facilitate hydrolysis of cell wall polymers for second-generation bioethanol production. The recent characterization of plant innate cell wall modifications occurring during root aerenchyma development triggered by ethylene led to the possibility of prospection for mechanisms of cell wall disassembly in sugarcane. By using next-generation sequencing, 39 miRNAs were identified in root segments along the process of aerenchyma development. Among them, 31 miRNAs were unknown to the sugarcane miRBase repository but previously identified as produced by its relative Sorghum bicolor. Key putative targets related to signal transduction, carbohydrate metabolic process, and cell wall organization or biogenesis were among the most representative gene categories targeted by miRNA. They belong to the subclasses of genes associated with the four modules of cell wall modification in sugarcane roots: cell expansion, cell separation, hemicellulose, and cellulose hydrolysis. Thirteen miRNAs possibly related to ethylene perception and signaling were also identified. Our findings suggest that miRNAs may be involved in the regulation of cell wall degradation during aerenchyma formation. This work also points out to potential molecular tools for sugarcane improvement in the context of second-generation biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adriana Grandis
- Departamento de Botânica Instituto de Biociências Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Grayce H Romim
- Departamento de Botânica Instituto de Biociências Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Jonas Weissmann Gaiarsa
- Centro de Facilidades Para a Pesquisa Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
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Grandis A, Leite DCC, Tavares EQP, Arenque-Musa BC, Gaiarsa JW, Martins MCM, De Souza AP, Gomez LD, Fabbri C, Mattei B, Buckeridge MS. Cell wall hydrolases act in concert during aerenchyma development in sugarcane roots. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 124:1067-1089. [PMID: 31190078 PMCID: PMC6881219 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cell wall disassembly occurs naturally in plants by the action of several glycosyl-hydrolases during different developmental processes such as lysigenous and constitutive aerenchyma formation in sugarcane roots. Wall degradation has been reported in aerenchyma development in different species, but little is known about the action of glycosyl-hydrolases in this process. METHODS In this work, gene expression, protein levels and enzymatic activity of cell wall hydrolases were assessed. Since aerenchyma formation is constitutive in sugarcane roots, they were assessed in segments corresponding to the first 5 cm from the root tip where aerenchyma develops. KEY RESULTS Our results indicate that the wall degradation starts with a partial attack on pectins (by acetyl esterases, endopolygalacturonases, β-galactosidases and α-arabinofuranosidases) followed by the action of β-glucan-/callose-hydrolysing enzymes. At the same time, there are modifications in arabinoxylan (by α-arabinofuranosidases), xyloglucan (by XTH), xyloglucan-cellulose interactions (by expansins) and partial hydrolysis of cellulose. Saccharification revealed that access to the cell wall varies among segments, consistent with an increase in recalcitrance and composite formation during aerenchyma development. CONCLUSION Our findings corroborate the hypothesis that hydrolases are synchronically synthesized, leading to cell wall modifications that are modulated by the fine structure of cell wall polymers during aerenchyma formation in the cortex of sugarcane roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Grandis
- Laboratory of Plant Physiological Ecology (LAFIECO), Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora C C Leite
- Laboratory of Plant Physiological Ecology (LAFIECO), Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eveline Q P Tavares
- Laboratory of Plant Physiological Ecology (LAFIECO), Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna C Arenque-Musa
- Laboratory of Plant Physiological Ecology (LAFIECO), Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jonas W Gaiarsa
- GaTE Lab, Department of Botany, Institute of Bioscience, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina C M Martins
- Laboratory of Plant Physiological Ecology (LAFIECO), Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda P De Souza
- Laboratory of Plant Physiological Ecology (LAFIECO), Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Leonardo D Gomez
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, UK
| | - Claudia Fabbri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘C. Darwin’, University of Rome – Sapienza, Italy
| | - Benedetta Mattei
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology ‘C. Darwin’, University of Rome – Sapienza, Italy
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Marcos S Buckeridge
- Laboratory of Plant Physiological Ecology (LAFIECO), Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Liu H, Hao N, Jia Y, Liu X, Ni X, Wang M, Liu W. The ethylene receptor regulates Typha angustifolia leaf aerenchyma morphogenesis and cell fate. PLANTA 2019; 250:381-390. [PMID: 31062160 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03177-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene receptor is crucial for PCD and aerenchyma formation in Typha angustifolia leaves. Not only does it receive and deliver the ethylene signal, but it probably can determine the cell fate during aerenchyma morphogenesis, which is due to the receptor expression quantity. Aquatic plant oxygen delivery relies on aerenchyma, which is formed by a programmed cell death (PCD) procedure. However, cells in the outer edge of the aerenchyma (palisade cells and septum cells) remain intact, and the mechanism is unclear. Here, we offer a hypothesis: cells that have a higher content of ethylene receptors do not undergo PCD. In this study, we investigated the leaf aerenchyma of the aquatic plant Typha angustifolia. Ethephon and pyrazinamide (PZA, an inhibitor of ACC oxidase) were used to confirm that ethylene is an essential hormone for PCD of leaf aerenchyma cells in T. angustifolia. That the ethylene receptor was an indispensable factor in this PCD was confirmed by 1-MCP (an inhibitor of the ethylene receptor) treatment. Although PCD can be avoided by blocking the ethylene receptor, excessive ethylene receptors also protect cells from PCD. TaETR1, TaETR2 and TaEIN4 in the T. angustifolia leaf were detected by immunofluorescence (IF) using polyclonal antibodies. The result showed that the content of ethylene receptors in PCD-unsusceptible cells was 4-14 times higher than that one in PCD-susceptible cells, suggesting that PCD-susceptible cells undergo the PCD programme, while PCD-unsusceptible cells do not due to the content difference in the ethylene receptor in different cells. A higher level of ethylene receptor content makes the cells insensitive to ethylene, thereby avoiding cell death and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Nan Hao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yuhuan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xingqian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xilu Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Seedling Bioengineering, Ningxia Forestry Institute, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Wenzhe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, China.
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Mohammed U, Caine RS, Atkinson JA, Harrison EL, Wells D, Chater CC, Gray JE, Swarup R, Murchie EH. Rice plants overexpressing OsEPF1 show reduced stomatal density and increased root cortical aerenchyma formation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5584. [PMID: 30944383 PMCID: PMC6447545 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41922-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stomata are adjustable pores in the aerial epidermis of plants. The role of stomata is usually described in terms of the trade-off between CO2 uptake and water loss. Little consideration has been given to their interaction with below-ground development or diffusion of other gases. We overexpressed the rice EPIDERMAL PATTERNING FACTOR1 (OsEPF1) to produce rice plants with reduced stomatal densities, resulting in lowered leaf stomatal conductance and enhanced water use efficiency. Surprisingly, we found that root cortical aerenchyma (RCA) is formed constitutively in OsEPF1OE lines regardless of tissue age and position. Aerenchyma is tissue containing air-spaces that can develop in the plant root during stressful conditions, e.g. oxygen deficiency when it functions to increase O2 diffusion from shoot to root. The relationship with stomata is unknown. We conclude that RCA development and stomatal development are linked by two possible mechanisms: first that reduced stomatal conductance inhibits the diffusion of oxygen to the root, creating an oxygen deficit and stimulating the formation of RCA, second that an unknown EPF signalling pathway may be involved. Our observations have fundamental implications for the understanding of whole plant gas diffusion and root-to-shoot signalling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- U. Mohammed
- 0000 0004 1936 8868grid.4563.4Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington campus, LE12 5RD Nottingham, UK
| | - R. S. Caine
- 0000 0004 1936 9262grid.11835.3eDepartment of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, S10 2TN Sheffield, UK
| | - J. A. Atkinson
- 0000 0004 1936 8868grid.4563.4Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington campus, LE12 5RD Nottingham, UK
| | - E. L. Harrison
- 0000 0004 1936 9262grid.11835.3eDepartment of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, S10 2TN Sheffield, UK
| | - D. Wells
- 0000 0004 1936 8868grid.4563.4Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington campus, LE12 5RD Nottingham, UK
| | - C. C. Chater
- 0000 0004 1936 9262grid.11835.3eDepartment of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, S10 2TN Sheffield, UK
| | - J. E. Gray
- 0000 0004 1936 9262grid.11835.3eDepartment of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, S10 2TN Sheffield, UK
| | - R. Swarup
- 0000 0004 1936 8868grid.4563.4Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington campus, LE12 5RD Nottingham, UK
| | - E. H. Murchie
- 0000 0004 1936 8868grid.4563.4Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington campus, LE12 5RD Nottingham, UK
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Tavares EQP, De Souza AP, Romim GH, Grandis A, Plasencia A, Gaiarsa JW, Grima-Pettenati J, de Setta N, Van Sluys MA, Buckeridge MS. The control of endopolygalacturonase expression by the sugarcane RAV transcription factor during aerenchyma formation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:497-506. [PMID: 30605523 PMCID: PMC6322575 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The development of lysigenous aerenchyma starts with cell expansion and degradation of pectin from the middle lamella, leading to cell wall modification, and culminating with cell separation. Here we report that nutritional starvation of sugarcane induced gene expression along sections of the first 5 cm of the root and between treatments. We selected two candidate genes: a RAV transcription factor, from the ethylene response factors superfamily, and an endopolygalacturonase (EPG), a glycosyl hydrolase related to homogalacturonan hydrolysis from the middle lamella. epg1 and rav1 transcriptional patterns suggest they are essential genes at the initial steps of pectin degradation during aerenchyma development in sugarcane. Due to the high complexity of the sugarcane genome, rav1 and epg1 were sequenced from 17 bacterial artificial chromosome clones containing hom(e)ologous genomic regions, and the sequences were compared with those of Sorghum bicolor. We used one hom(e)olog sequence from each gene for transactivation assays in tobacco. rav1 was shown to bind to the epg1 promoter, repressing β-glucuronidase activity. RAV repression upon epg1 transcription is the first reported link between ethylene regulation and pectin hydrolysis during aerenchyma formation. Our findings may help to elucidate cell wall degradation in sugarcane and therefore contribute to second-generation bioethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Q P Tavares
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda P De Souza
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Grayce H Romim
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Grandis
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Anna Plasencia
- LRSV, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, UMR5546, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III/CNRS Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Jonas W Gaiarsa
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Tau Bioinformatics, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Grima-Pettenati
- LRSV, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, UMR5546, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III/CNRS Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Nathalia de Setta
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas. Universidade Federal do ABC, São André, SP, Brazil
| | - Marie-Anne Van Sluys
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos S Buckeridge
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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