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Ghasemlou M, Pn N, Alexander K, Zavabeti A, Sherrell PC, Ivanova EP, Adhikari B, Naebe M, Bhargava SK. Fluorescent Nanocarbons: From Synthesis and Structure to Cancer Imaging and Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312474. [PMID: 38252677 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Nanocarbons are emerging at the forefront of nanoscience, with diverse carbon nanoforms emerging over the past two decades. Early cancer diagnosis and therapy, driven by advanced chemistry techniques, play a pivotal role in mitigating mortality rates associated with cancer. Nanocarbons, with an attractive combination of well-defined architectures, biocompatibility, and nanoscale dimension, offer an incredibly versatile platform for cancer imaging and therapy. This paper aims to review the underlying principles regarding the controllable synthesis, fluorescence origins, cellular toxicity, and surface functionalization routes of several classes of nanocarbons: carbon nanodots, nanodiamonds, carbon nanoonions, and carbon nanohorns. This review also highlights recent breakthroughs regarding the green synthesis of different nanocarbons from renewable sources. It also presents a comprehensive and unified overview of the latest cancer-related applications of nanocarbons and how they can be designed to interface with biological systems and work as cancer diagnostics and therapeutic tools. The commercial status for large-scale manufacturing of nanocarbons is also presented. Finally, it proposes future research opportunities aimed at engendering modifiable and high-performance nanocarbons for emerging applications across medical industries. This work is envisioned as a cornerstone to guide interdisciplinary teams in crafting fluorescent nanocarbons with tailored attributes that can revolutionize cancer diagnostics and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Ghasemlou
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
- Center for Sustainable Products, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Navya Pn
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Katia Alexander
- School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Ali Zavabeti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Peter C Sherrell
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Elena P Ivanova
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Benu Adhikari
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Minoo Naebe
- Carbon Nexus, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Suresh K Bhargava
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
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2
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Abstract
Different carbon nanostructures have been explored as functional materials for the development of effective nanomaterials in cancer treatment applications. This review mainly aims to discuss the features, either strength or weakness, of carbon nanohorn (CNH), carbon conical horn-shaped nanostructures of sp2 carbon atoms. The interest for these materials arises from their ability to couple the clinically relevant properties of carbon nanomaterials as drug carriers with the negligible toxicity described in vivo. Here, we offer a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in the use of CNH in cancer treatments, underlining the benefits of each functionalization route and approach, as well as the biological performances of either loaded and unloaded materials, while discussing the importance of delivery devices.
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3
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Single-Walled Carbon Nanohorns as Promising Nanotube-Derived Delivery Systems to Treat Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12090850. [PMID: 32906852 PMCID: PMC7558911 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has become one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide, with increasing incidence in recent years. Current pharmacological strategies are not tissue-specific therapies, which hampers their efficacy and results in toxicity in healthy organs. Carbon-based nanomaterials have emerged as promising nanoplatforms for the development of targeted delivery systems to treat diseased cells. Single-walled carbon nanohorns (SWCNH) are graphene-based horn-shaped nanostructure aggregates with a multitude of versatile features to be considered as suitable nanosystems for targeted drug delivery. They can be easily synthetized and functionalized to acquire the desired physicochemical characteristics, and no toxicological effects have been reported in vivo followed by their administration. This review focuses on the use of SWCNH as drug delivery systems for cancer therapy. Their main applications include their capacity to act as anticancer agents, their use as drug delivery systems for chemotherapeutics, photothermal and photodynamic therapy, gene therapy, and immunosensing. The structure, synthesis, and covalent and non-covalent functionalization of these nanoparticles is also discussed. Although SWCNH are in early preclinical research yet, these nanotube-derived nanostructures demonstrate an interesting versatility pointing them out as promising forthcoming drug delivery systems to target and treat cancer cells.
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Wang S, Li X, Gong X, Liang H. Mechanistic modeling of spontaneous penetration of carbon nanocones into membrane vesicles. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:2686-2694. [PMID: 31916567 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09098c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanocones (CNCs) are promising drug delivery systems that can be functionalized with a variety of biomolecules (such as proteins, peptides, or antibodies), which allow for site-specific, targeted payload delivery to particular cells and organs. However, considerable uncertainty exists with respect to the toxicity of CNCs on their conical shape, and the underlying mechanism that leads to the penetration of CNCs (especially the truncated ones) in and through the cell membrane is not yet well understood. Using a coarse-grained dissipative particle dynamics method, we systematically investigate the spontaneous penetration of untruncated and truncated CNCs into membrane vesicles. For untruncated CNCs, the simulation results show that both pristine and oxidized ones can spontaneously penetrate across or be attached to the vesicle surface without membrane rupture, indicating low or insignificant toxicity. However, for truncated CNCs, we find that both the apex angle and aspect ratio can influence the CNC-membrane interactions and CNC-induced toxicity: a higher apex angle (and/or a lower aspect ratio) yields a higher toxicity of truncated CNCs. Further free energy analysis reveals that the lowest free energy path during the penetration is associated with CNC's orientation and rotation. For a truncated CNC with a low aspect ratio and high apex angle, it tends to rotate itself to a preferred standing-up fashion inside the vesicle membrane, posing an enhanced toxicity of CNCs. These findings may provide useful guidelines for designing effective CNC vehicles for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering (State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Hydrodynamics), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xuejin Li
- Department of Engineering Mechanics and Center for X-Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaobo Gong
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering (State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Hydrodynamics), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Haojun Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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5
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Lahiani MH, Khare S, Cerniglia CE, Boy R, Ivanov IN, Khodakovskaya M. The impact of tomato fruits containing multi-walled carbon nanotube residues on human intestinal epithelial cell barrier function and intestinal microbiome composition. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:3639-3655. [PMID: 30741296 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr08604d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) can positively regulate seed germination and enhance plant growth. However, clarification of the impact of plant organs containing absorbed CNMs on animal and human health is a critical step of risk assessment for new nano-agro-technology. In this study, we have taken a comprehensive approach to studying the effect tomato fruits derived from plants exposed to multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have on gastrointestinal epithelial barrier integrity and their impact on the human commensal intestinal microbiota using an in vitro cell culture and batch human fecal suspension models. The effects of CNTs on selected pure cultures of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium and Lactobacillus acidophilus were also evaluated. This study demonstrated that CNT-containing fruits or the corresponding residual level of pure CNTs (0.001 μg ml-1) was not sufficient to initiate a significant change in transepithelial resistance and on gene expression of the model T-84 human intestinal epithelial cells. However, at 10 μg ml-1 concentration CNTs were able to penetrate the cell membrane and change the gene expression profile of exposed cells. Moreover, extracts from CNT-containing fruits had minimal to no effect on human intestinal microbiota as revealed by culture-based analysis and 16S rRNA sequencing.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Line
- Feces/microbiology
- Fruit/chemistry
- Fruit/metabolism
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
- Humans
- Intestinal Mucosa/cytology
- Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Lactobacillus acidophilus/drug effects
- Lactobacillus acidophilus/genetics
- Solanum lycopersicum/chemistry
- Solanum lycopersicum/metabolism
- Nanotubes, Carbon/chemistry
- Nanotubes, Carbon/toxicity
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/chemistry
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/metabolism
- Salmonella typhimurium/drug effects
- Salmonella typhimurium/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Spectrum Analysis, Raman
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Lahiani
- Department of Biology, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA.
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Devereux SJ, Massaro M, Barker A, Hinds DT, Hifni B, Simpson JC, Quinn SJ. Spectroscopic study of the loading of cationic porphyrins by carbon nanohorns as high capacity carriers of photoactive molecules to cells. J Mater Chem B 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00217k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Spherical carbon nanohorns have great potential as drug delivery agents. Here a detailed study of the loading of porphyrin molecules is reported and the influence on their stability described. An optimally loaded sample is shown to cause photoactivated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Massaro
- School of Chemistry
- University College Dublin
- Dublin 4
- Ireland
| | - Andrew Barker
- School of Chemistry
- University College Dublin
- Dublin 4
- Ireland
| | - David T. Hinds
- School of Chemistry
- University College Dublin
- Dublin 4
- Ireland
| | - Badriah Hifni
- School of Chemistry
- University College Dublin
- Dublin 4
- Ireland
- School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield
| | - Jeremy C. Simpson
- School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield
- Dublin 4
- Ireland
| | - Susan J. Quinn
- School of Chemistry
- University College Dublin
- Dublin 4
- Ireland
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7
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Devereux SJ, Cheung S, Daly HC, O'Shea DF, Quinn SJ. Multimodal Microscopy Distinguishes Extracellular Aggregation and Cellular Uptake of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanohorns. Chemistry 2018; 24:14162-14170. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shane Cheung
- Department of ChemistryRCSI 123 St Stephen's Green Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Harrison C. Daly
- Department of ChemistryRCSI 123 St Stephen's Green Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Donal F. O'Shea
- Department of ChemistryRCSI 123 St Stephen's Green Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Susan J. Quinn
- School of ChemistryUniversity College Dublin Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
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8
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Baldrighi M, Trusel M, Tonini R, Giordani S. Carbon Nanomaterials Interfacing with Neurons: An In vivo Perspective. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:250. [PMID: 27375413 PMCID: PMC4899452 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing new tools that outperform current state of the art technologies for imaging, drug delivery or electrical sensing in neuronal tissues is one of the great challenges in neurosciences. Investigations into the potential use of carbon nanomaterials for such applications started about two decades ago. Since then, numerous in vitro studies have examined interactions between these nanomaterials and neurons, either by evaluating their compatibility, as vectors for drug delivery, or for their potential use in electric activity sensing and manipulation. The results obtained indicate that carbon nanomaterials may be suitable for medical therapies. However, a relatively small number of in vivo studies have been carried out to date. In order to facilitate the transformation of carbon nanomaterial into practical neurobiomedical applications, it is essential to identify and highlight in the existing literature the strengths and weakness that different carbon nanomaterials have displayed when probed in vivo. Unfortunately the current literature is sometimes sparse and confusing. To offer a clearer picture of the in vivo studies on carbon nanomaterials in the central nervous system, we provide a systematic and critical review. Hereby we identify properties and behavior of carbon nanomaterials in vivo inside the neural tissues, and we examine key achievements and potentially problematic toxicological issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Baldrighi
- Nano Carbon Materials Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenova, Italy
| | - Massimo Trusel
- Neuroscience and Brain Technology, Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenova, Italy
| | - Raffaella Tonini
- Neuroscience and Brain Technology, Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenova, Italy
| | - Silvia Giordani
- Nano Carbon Materials Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenova, Italy
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Karousis N, Suarez-Martinez I, Ewels CP, Tagmatarchis N. Structure, Properties, Functionalization, and Applications of Carbon Nanohorns. Chem Rev 2016; 116:4850-83. [PMID: 27074223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanohorns (sometimes also known as nanocones) are conical carbon nanostructures constructed from an sp(2) carbon sheet. Nanohorns require no metal catalyst in their synthesis, and can be produced in industrial quantities. They provide a realistic and useful alternative to carbon nanotubes, and possibly graphene, in a wide range of applications. They also have their own unique behavior due to their specific conical morphology. However, their research and development has been slowed by several factors, notably during synthesis, they aggregate into spherical clusters ∼100 nm in diameter, blocking functionalization and treatment of individual nanocones. This limitation has recently been overcome with a new approach to separating these "dahlia-like" clusters into individual nanocones. In this review, we describe the structure, synthesis, and topology of carbon nanohorns, and provide a detailed review of nanohorn chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Karousis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation , 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Irene Suarez-Martinez
- Nanochemistry Research Institute, Department of Physics, Curtin University of Technology , P.O. Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - Christopher P Ewels
- Institut des Materiaux Jean Rouxel, CNRS, Université de Nantes , 2 Rue de la Houssiniere, BP32229, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Nikos Tagmatarchis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation , 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens 11635, Greece
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Schramm F, Lange M, Hoppmann P, Heutelbeck A. Cytotoxicity of carbon nanohorns in different human cells of the respiratory system. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2016; 79:1085-1093. [PMID: 27924712 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2016.1219594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the new synthetic carbon-based nanomaterials is carbon nanohorns (CNH). A potential risk for employees of production processes is an unintentional intake of these nanomaterials via inhalation. Once taken up, nanoparticles might interact with cells of different tissues as well as with intercellular substances. These interactions may have far-reaching consequences for human health. Currently, many gaps in available information on the CNH toxicological profile remain. The aim of this study was to determine the cytotoxicity of CNH particles on human epithelial cells of the respiratory system with special consideration given to different particle sizes. In all cell lines, cell viability was reduced after 24 h of exposure up to 60% and metabolic activity as evidenced by mitochondrial activity was lowered to 9% at a concentration of 1 g/L. The three respiratory cell lines differed in their sensitivity. The most robust cells were the bronchial epithelial cells. Further, particle size fractions induced different adverse effect strength, whereby no correlation between particle size fraction and toxicity was found. These findings demonstrate the need for further information regarding the behavior and effect strength of nanomaterial. To avoid the production of new harmful materials, a more comprehensive integration of results from toxicity studies in the development processes of engineered nanomaterials is recommended not only from an occupational viewpoint but also from an environmental perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Schramm
- a Department of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine , Georg-August-University Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Martina Lange
- a Department of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine , Georg-August-University Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Pia Hoppmann
- a Department of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine , Georg-August-University Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Astrid Heutelbeck
- a Department of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine , Georg-August-University Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany
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11
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Li N, Zhao Q, Shu C, Ma X, Li R, Shen H, Zhong W. Targeted killing of cancer cells in vivo and in vitro with IGF-IR antibody-directed carbon nanohorns based drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2015; 478:644-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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12
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Massarsky A, Strek L, Craig PM, Eisa-Beygi S, Trudeau VL, Moon TW. Acute embryonic exposure to nanosilver or silver ion does not disrupt the stress response in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae and adults. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 478:133-140. [PMID: 24530593 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely exploited in a variety of medical and consumer products. AgNPs in these products can be released into the aquatic environment, however, the potential toxicity of AgNPs to organisms, including fish, is yet to be fully understood. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of the early life exposure to AgNPs on the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis-mediated stress response in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae and adults. Zebrafish embryos were treated with AgNPs (0.5 μg/mL) or Ag(+) (0.05 μg/mL) starting at 2h post fertilization (hpf). At 96 hpf the larvae were either subjected to a swirling stress and euthanized, or raised to adulthood (10 months) in silver-free water and then net-stressed, euthanized, and sampled. Whole-body basal or stress-induced cortisol levels in larvae were not affected by either AgNPs or Ag(+); however, the transcript levels of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), CRF-binding protein (CRF-BP), CRF-receptor 2 (CRF-R2), and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMCb) were significantly decreased by Ag(+). The ability of the adult fish to release cortisol in response to a stressor was also not affected, although the transcript levels of CRF, CRF-BP, and CRF-R1 in the telencephalon were differentially affected in fish exposed to Ag(+) as embryos. This is the first study that investigated the potential endocrine-disrupting effects of AgNPs during the early life stages and although AgNPs or Ag(+) did not affect the ability of zebrafish to elevate cortisol levels in response to a stressor, the effects on transcript levels by Ag(+) should be investigated further since CRF does not solely regulate the HPI axis but is also implicated in other physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Massarsky
- Department of Biology and Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Laura Strek
- Department of Biology and Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul M Craig
- Department of Biology and Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shahram Eisa-Beygi
- Department of Biology and Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vance L Trudeau
- Department of Biology and Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas W Moon
- Department of Biology and Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Moschino V, Nesto N, Barison S, Agresti F, Colla L, Fedele L, Da Ros L. A preliminary investigation on nanohorn toxicity in marine mussels and polychaetes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 468-469:111-119. [PMID: 24012899 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Single walled carbon nanohorns (SWCNHs) are a black nanoscale spherical aggregate of cylindrical tubes of graphitic carbon which differ from nanotubes in their "horn-like" shape. Their peculiar structure makes them one of the best electronconductors at a nanoscale level. Although not commercially exploited, their rapid environmental diffusion is expected to rise significantly in the next few years. Therefore, we appraised the ecotoxicology of SWCNH powders by taking into account the ecological role of the two species that were deployed in exposure experiments: polychaetes, Hediste diversicolor, and mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis. Adult mussels and polychaetes were exposed to three SWCNH concentrations: 1, 5, and 10 mg L(-1) and acute effects were measured after 24 and 48 h. Sub-lethal effects were estimated at level of physiological functions such as digestion in mussels (i.e. variations in lysosomal parameters and lipofuscin content) and the antioxidant system in both species (i.e. glutathione peroxidase activity and malondialdehyde content). SWCNH suspension in sea water was also characterised, highlighting the formation of aggregates the size of which was related to SWCNH concentrations and their resident time in the medium. The results showed that SWCNH affected the oxidative and lysosomal systems on the hepatopancreas and led to lysosomal alterations on haemocytes in mussels. The biological responses were less clear in polychaetes. This preliminary investigation highlighted the need of focusing future research efforts on possible physiological impairments caused by long-term exposure to SWCNHs in marine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Moschino
- Institute of Marine Sciences, (ISMAR), CNR, Castello 1364/a, 30122 Venezia, Italy
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14
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Massarsky A, Abraham R, Nguyen KC, Rippstein P, Tayabali AF, Trudeau VL, Moon TW. Nanosilver cytotoxicity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) erythrocytes and hepatocytes. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 159:10-21. [PMID: 24096131 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are present in a multitude of consumer and medical products; however, the toxicity of AgNPs is not fully understood. This research aimed to elucidate the relationship between AgNP cytotoxicity and oxidative stress and damage in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes and erythrocytes in comparison to silver ions (Ag(+)). Generally the cytotoxicity of AgNPs and Ag(+) was similar, such that both silver types generated reactive oxygen species, decreased glutathione levels, and decreased activities of glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase. Nonetheless, the two silver types had different cellular targets; AgNPs increased lipid peroxidation without apparent uptake into the cells whereas Ag(+) increased DNA damage. Furthermore, the toxicity of both silver types was generally decreased in cells treated with cysteine while treatment with buthionine sulfoximine increased the toxicity of both silver types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Massarsky
- Department of Biology & Centre for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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15
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Guerra J, Herrero MA, Vázquez E. Carbon nanohorns as alternative gene delivery vectors. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03251a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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16
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Huang W, Zhang J, Dorn HC, Zhang C. Assembly of bio-nanoparticles for double controlled drug release. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74679. [PMID: 24040316 PMCID: PMC3765395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical limiting factor of chemotherapy is the unacceptably high toxicity. The use of nanoparticle based drug carriers has significantly reduced the side effects and facilitated the delivery of drugs. Source of the remaining side effect includes (1) the broad final in vivo distribution of the administrated nanoparticles, and (2) strong basal drug release from nanoparticles before they could reach the tumor. Despite the advances in pH-triggered release, undesirable basal drug release has been a constant challenge under in vivo conditions. In this study, functionalized single walled carbon nanohorn supported immunoliposomes were assembled for paclitaxel delivery. The immunoliposomes were formulated with polyethylene glycol, thermal stable and pH sensitive phospholipids. Each nanohorn was found to be encapsulated within one immunoliposome. Results showed a highly pH dependent release of paclitaxel in the presence of serum at body temperature with minimal basal release under physiological conditions. Upon acidification, paclitaxel was released at a steady rate over 30 days with a cumulative release of 90% of the loaded drug. The drug release results proved our hypothesized double controlled release mechanism from the nanoparticles. Other results showed the nanoparticles have doubled loading capacity compared to that of traditional liposomes and higher affinity to breast cancer cells overexpressing Her2 receptors. Internalized nanoparticles were found in lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jianfei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Harry C. Dorn
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Chenming Zhang
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Whitney JR, Rodgers A, Harvie E, Carswell WF, Torti S, Puretzky AA, Rouleau CM, Geohegan DB, Rylander CG, Rylander MN. Spatial and temporal measurements of temperature and cell viability in response to nanoparticle-mediated photothermal therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012; 7:1729-42. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Nanoparticle-enhanced photothermal therapy is a promising alternative to tumor resection. However, quantitative measurements of cellular response to these treatments are limited. This article introduces a Bimodal Enhanced Analysis of Spatiotemporal Temperature (BEAST) algorithm to rapidly determine the viability of cancer cells in vitro following photothermal therapy alone or in combination with nanoparticles. Materials & methods: To illustrate the capability of the BEAST viability algorithm, single wall carbon nanohorns were added to renal cancer (RENCA) cells in vitro and time-dependent spatial temperature maps measured with an infrared camera during laser therapy were correlated with post-treatment cell viability distribution maps obtained by cell-staining fluorescent microscopy. Conclusion: The BEAST viability algorithm accurately and rapidly determined the cell viability as a function of time, space and temperature. Original submitted 13 July 2011; Revised submitted 12 March 2012; Published online 20 July 2012
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon R Whitney
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & School of Biomedical Engineering & Sciences, Virginia Tech, VA 24061, USA; ICTAS 410 ICTAS, Stanger Street (MC 0193) Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Amanda Rodgers
- Department of Industrial Systems & Engineering, Virginia Tech, VA 24061, USA
| | - Erica Harvie
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & School of Biomedical Engineering & Sciences, Virginia Tech, VA 24061, USA; ICTAS 410 ICTAS, Stanger Street (MC 0193) Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - William F Carswell
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, VA 24061, USA
| | - Suzy Torti
- Molecular Microbial & Structural Biology, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Alex A Puretzky
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6488 USA
| | - Christopher M Rouleau
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6488 USA
| | - David B Geohegan
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6488 USA
| | - Christopher G Rylander
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & School of Biomedical Engineering & Sciences, Virginia Tech, VA 24061, USA; ICTAS 410 ICTAS, Stanger Street (MC 0193) Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Marissa N Rylander
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & School of Biomedical Engineering & Sciences, Virginia Tech, VA 24061, USA; ICTAS 410 ICTAS, Stanger Street (MC 0193) Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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18
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Mercatelli L, Sani E, Giannini A, Di Ninni P, Martelli F, Zaccanti G. Carbon nanohorn-based nanofluids: characterization of the spectral scattering albedo. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2012; 7:96. [PMID: 22297089 PMCID: PMC3292941 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-7-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The full characterization of the optical properties of nanofluids consisting of single-wall carbon nanohorns of different morphologies in aqueous suspensions is carried out using a novel spectrophotometric technique. Information on the nanofluid scattering and absorption spectral characteristics is obtained by analyzing the data within the single scattering theory and validating the method by comparison with previous monochromatic measurements performed with a different technique. The high absorption coefficient measured joint to the very low scattering albedo opens promising application perspectives for single-wall carbon nanohorn-based fluid or solid suspensions. The proposed approximate approach can be extended also to other low-scattering turbid media.PACS: 78.35.+c Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering, other light scattering; 78.40.Ri absorption and reflection spectra, fullerenes and related materials; 81.05.U- carbon/carbon-based materials; 78.67.Bf optical properties of low-dimensional, mesoscopic, and nanoscale materials and structures, nanocrystals, nanoparticles, and nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Mercatelli
- National Research Council-National Institute of Optics (CNR-INO), Largo E. Fermi, 6, Florence, 50125, Italy
| | - Elisa Sani
- National Research Council-National Institute of Optics (CNR-INO), Largo E. Fermi, 6, Florence, 50125, Italy
| | - Annalisa Giannini
- National Research Council-National Institute of Optics (CNR-INO), Largo E. Fermi, 6, Florence, 50125, Italy
| | - Paola Di Ninni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, via Sansone 1, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Martelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, via Sansone 1, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zaccanti
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, via Sansone 1, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
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Cheng MD, Allman SE. Improved measurement for volatile particles: vapor-particle separator design and laboratory tests. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011; 82:125106. [PMID: 22225248 DOI: 10.1063/1.3665095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Sampling and measurement of volatile particles is a challenging task. It has been hampered by lack of a reliable technique capable of accurately capturing the phase-partition process of the pollutants without generating bias and artifacts in the data. The objective of this research is to design a new vapor-particle separation technique for performing the phase separation on-line (the sampling aspect), which, simultaneously, enables characterization of the vapors and particles. The new vapor-particle separator (VPS) consists of a thin metallic microporous membrane for (1) extraction of vapor molecules that are thermally desorbed from the condensed particulate phases and (2) collection of the vapors for subsequent chemical analysis. We evaluated this new separator using synthetic particles made of nonvolatile and or semi-volatile chemicals, and reported the laboratory test results in this paper. The laboratory particle test results showed reasonably high particle transmission efficiency across all particle sizes. The thermal dynamics of nanoparticles was succinctly observed on-line. The results successfully demonstrated the ability of VPS to separate particles and vapors thus enabling a faithful observation of the thermal behavior. We believe the new technology will make a great contribution to the measurement of volatile particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Dawn Cheng
- Energy and Environmental Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6038, USA
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20
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Liu X, Sen S, Liu J, Kulaots I, Geohegan D, Kane A, Puretzky AA, Rouleau CM, More KL, Palmore GTR, Hurt RH. Antioxidant deactivation on graphenic nanocarbon surfaces. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:2775-85. [PMID: 21818846 PMCID: PMC3634619 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201100651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This article reports a direct chemical pathway for antioxidant deactivation on the surfaces of carbon nanomaterials. In the absence of cells, carbon nanotubes are shown to deplete the key physiological antioxidant glutathione (GSH) in a reaction involving dissolved dioxygen that yields the oxidized dimer, GSSG, as the primary product. In both chemical and electrochemical experiments, oxygen is only consumed at a significant steady-state rate in the presence of both nanotubes and GSH. GSH deactivation occurs for single- and multi-walled nanotubes, graphene oxide, nanohorns, and carbon black at varying rates that are characteristic of the material. The GSH depletion rates can be partially unified by surface area normalization, are accelerated by nitrogen doping, and suppressed by defect annealing or addition of proteins or surfactants. It is proposed that dioxygen reacts with active sites on graphenic carbon surfaces to produce surface-bound oxygen intermediates that react heterogeneously with glutathione to restore the carbon surface and complete a catalytic cycle. The direct catalytic reaction between nanomaterial surfaces and antioxidants may contribute to oxidative stress pathways in nanotoxicity, and the dependence on surface area and structural defects suggest strategies for safe material design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Sujat Sen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | | | - David Geohegan
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - Agnes Kane
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI
- Institute for Molecular and Nanoscale Innovation, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Alex A. Puretzky
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN
| | | | - Karren L. More
- Shared Research Equipment Facility, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - G. Tayhas R. Palmore
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI
- Institute for Molecular and Nanoscale Innovation, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Robert H. Hurt
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI
- Institute for Molecular and Nanoscale Innovation, Brown University, Providence, RI
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21
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Yamazaki Y, Zinchenko AA, Murata S. A facile method for the assessment of DNA damage induced by UV-activated nanomaterials. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:2909-2915. [PMID: 21614347 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr10238a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent microscopy observation of gene-size DNA (T4 phage DNA or λ phage DNA) was used to assess DNA damage induced by UV irradiation in the presence of nanomaterials, such as QDs (quantum dots: CdSe/ZnS semiconductor nanoparticles), the water-soluble fullerene derivative C(60)(OH)(n) (n = 6-12) and titanium oxide nanoparticles of 25 nm in diameter. The magnitude of DNA damage could be simply evaluated based on the degree of shortening of the stretched DNA image. This method showed that DNA damage was amplified by the action of QDs under irradiation by C-band (λ(max) = 254 nm) or B-band (λ(max) = 303 nm) UV. Smaller QDs that emitted higher-energy fluorescence (λ = 565 nm) induced more severe damage than medium- and larger-size QDs that emitted longer-wavelength fluorescence (λ = 605 and 705 nm, respectively). The fullerene derivative and TiO(2) nanoparticles caused DNA damage even under irradiation by A-band UV (λ(max) = 365 nm) and showed more severe DNA damage than QDs under similar conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Yamazaki
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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22
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Singh SK, Singh MK, Nayak MK, Kumari S, Shrivastava S, Grácio JJA, Dash D. Thrombus inducing property of atomically thin graphene oxide sheets. ACS NANO 2011; 5:4987-96. [PMID: 21574593 DOI: 10.1021/nn201092p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO), the new two-dimensional carbon nanomaterial, is extensively investigated for potential biomedical applications. Thus, it is pertinent to critically evaluate its untoward effects on physiology of tissue systems including blood platelets, the cells responsible for maintenance of hemostasis and thrombus formation. Here we report for the first time that atomically thin GO sheets elicited strong aggregatory response in platelets through activation of Src kinases and release of calcium from intracellular stores. Compounding this, intravenous administration of GO was found to induce extensive pulmonary thromboembolism in mice. Prothrombotic character of GO was dependent on surface charge distribution as reduced GO (RGO) was significantly less effective in aggregating platelets. Our findings raise a concern on putative biomedical applications of GO in the form of diagnostic and therapeutic tools where its prothrombotic property should be carefully investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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23
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Huang W, Zhang J, Dorn HC, Geohegan D, Zhang C. Assembly of Single-Walled Carbon Nanohorn Supported Liposome Particles. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:1012-6. [DOI: 10.1021/bc200098k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David Geohegan
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and SHaRE Facilities, Oak Ridge National Laboratories, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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24
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Mercatelli L, Sani E, Zaccanti G, Martelli F, Di Ninni P, Barison S, Pagura C, Agresti F, Jafrancesco D. Absorption and scattering properties of carbon nanohorn-based nanofluids for direct sunlight absorbers. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2011; 6:282. [PMID: 21711795 PMCID: PMC3211347 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-6-282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we investigated the scattering and spectrally resolved absorption properties of nanofluids consisting in aqueous and glycol suspensions of single-wall carbon nanohorns. The characteristics of these nanofluids were evaluated in view of their use as sunlight absorber fluids in a solar device. The observed nanoparticle-induced differences in optical properties appeared promising, leading to a considerably higher sunlight absorption with respect to the pure base fluids. Scattered light was found to be not more than about 5% with respect to the total attenuation of light. Both these effects, together with the possible chemical functionalization of carbon nanohorns, make this new kind of nanofluids very interesting for increasing the overall efficiency of the sunlight exploiting device. PACS: 78.40.Ri, 78.35.+c, 78.67.Bf, 88.40.fh, 88.40.fr, 81.05.U.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Mercatelli
- National Institute of Optics, National Council of Research, Firenze, 50125, Italy
| | - Elisa Sani
- National Institute of Optics, National Council of Research, Firenze, 50125, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zaccanti
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Martelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
| | - Paola Di Ninni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
| | - Simona Barison
- Institute for Energetics and Interphases, National Council of Research, Padova, 35127, Italy
| | - Cesare Pagura
- Institute for Energetics and Interphases, National Council of Research, Padova, 35127, Italy
| | - Filippo Agresti
- Institute for Energetics and Interphases, National Council of Research, Padova, 35127, Italy
| | - David Jafrancesco
- National Institute of Optics, National Council of Research, Firenze, 50125, Italy
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25
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Whitney JR, Sarkar S, Zhang J, Do T, Young T, Manson MK, Campbell TA, Puretzky AA, Rouleau CM, More KL, Geohegan DB, Rylander CG, Dorn HC, Rylander MN. Single walled carbon nanohorns as photothermal cancer agents. Lasers Surg Med 2011; 43:43-51. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.21025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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26
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Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanohorns (SWCNHs) are horn-shaped single-walled tubules with a conical tip. They are generally synthesized by laser ablation of pure graphite without using metal catalyst with high production rate and high yield, and typically form radial aggregates. SWCNHs are essentially metal-free and very pure, which avoids cumbersome purification and makes them user-friendly and environmentally benign. Currently, SWCNHs have been widely studied for various applications, such as gas storage, adsorption, catalyst support, drug delivery system, magnetic resonance analysis, electrochemistry, biosensing application, photovoltaics and photoelectrochemical cells, photodynamic therapy, fuel cells, and so on. This review outlines the research progress on SWCNHs, including their properties, functionalization, applications, and outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
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27
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Zhang J, Ge J, Shultz MD, Chung E, Singh G, Shu C, Deck PA, Fatouros PP, Henderson SC, Corwin FD, Geohegan DB, Puretzky AA, Rouleau CM, More K, Rylander C, Rylander MN, Gibson HW, Dorn HC. In vitro and in vivo studies of single-walled carbon nanohorns with encapsulated metallofullerenes and exohedrally functionalized quantum dots. NANO LETTERS 2010; 10:2843-8. [PMID: 20698597 PMCID: PMC2935139 DOI: 10.1021/nl1008635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanohorns (SWNHs) are new carbonaceous materials. In this paper, we report the first successful preparation of SWNHs encapsulating trimetallic nitride template endohedral metallofullerenes (TNT-EMFs). The resultant materials were functionalized by a high-speed vibration milling method and conjugated with CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs). The successful encapsulation of TNT-EMFs and external functionalization with QDs provide a dual diagnostic platform for in vitro and in vivo biomedical applications of these new carbonaceous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060
| | - Jiechao Ge
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060
| | - Michael D. Shultz
- Department of Radiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298
| | - Eunna Chung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060
| | - Gurpreet Singh
- Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060
| | - Chunying Shu
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060
| | - Paul A. Deck
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060
| | - Panos P. Fatouros
- Department of Radiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298
| | - Scott C. Henderson
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298
| | - Frank D. Corwin
- Department of Radiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298
| | - David B. Geohegan
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and SHARE Facilities, Oak Ridge National Laboratories, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831
| | - Alex A. Puretzky
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and SHARE Facilities, Oak Ridge National Laboratories, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831
| | - Christopher M. Rouleau
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and SHARE Facilities, Oak Ridge National Laboratories, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831
| | - Karren More
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and SHARE Facilities, Oak Ridge National Laboratories, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831
| | - Christopher Rylander
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060
| | - Marissa Nichole Rylander
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060
| | - Harry W. Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060
| | - Harry C. Dorn
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060
- Correspondence author: Harry C. Dorn, Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24060; ; Phone: 540-231-5953; Fax: 540-231-3255
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28
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Sani E, Barison S, Pagura C, Mercatelli L, Sansoni P, Fontani D, Jafrancesco D, Francini F. Carbon nanohorns-based nanofluids as direct sunlight absorbers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:5179-5187. [PMID: 20389531 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.005179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The optimization of the poor heat transfer characteristics of fluids conventionally employed in solar devices are at present one of the main topics for system efficiency and compactness. In the present work we investigated the optical and thermal properties of nanofluids consisting in aqueous suspensions of single wall carbon nanohorns. The characteristics of these nanofluids were evaluated in view of their use as sunlight absorber fluids in a solar device. The observed nanoparticle-induced differences in optical properties appeared promising, leading to a considerably higher sunlight absorption. We found that the thermal conductivity of the nanofluids was higher than pure water. Both these effects, together with the possible chemical functionalization of carbon nanohorns, make this new kind of nanofluids very interesting for increasing the overall efficiency of the sunlight exploiting device.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sani
- CNR-INO National Institute of Optics, Largo E. Fermi, 6, 50125 Firenze, Italy.
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29
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Ren L, Kim HK, Zhong W. Capillary electrophoresis-assisted identification of peroxyl radical generated by single-walled carbon nanotubes in a cell-free system. Anal Chem 2009; 81:5510-6. [PMID: 19563215 DOI: 10.1021/ac900831u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of how single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) induce oxidative stress in cells has always been under debate. In the present paper, we have clearly identified the generation of peroxyl radical (ROO(*)) by the unmodified SWCNT and the poly(ethylene glycol)-functionalized SWCNT (SWCNT-PEG) in aqueous solutions using a simple analytical technique: capillary electrophoresis (CE). CE provides a sensitive detection platform for the oxidation product of the employed reactive oxygen species (ROS) indicator, 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein (H(2)DCF). In addition, its high separation power eliminates the fluorescence quenching exerted by SWCNTs, which was a big problem that has been encountered in measurements with microplate readers, and facilitates the screening of a large variety of ROS scavengers, including small molecules, surfactant, and proteins, in our study. Furthermore, CE enables the simultaneous incubation of multiple ROS indicators for comparison of their oxidation efficiency, improving the detection specificity. The adsorption of oxygen on the SWCNT surface could be the source of the identified ROO(*), because surface coverage by surfactant or proteins could inhibit the oxidation and the anaerobic experiment led to data agreeing with the Langmuir isotherm. The peroxyl radical can serve as the seed for the production of more-active ROS after the SWCNT enters the cell and, therefore, SWCNTs hold potential toxicity to the biological hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ren
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
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30
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Bello D, Hsieh SF, Schmidt D, Rogers E. Nanomaterials properties vs. biological oxidative damage: Implications for toxicity screening and exposure assessment. Nanotoxicology 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/17435390902989270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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31
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Card JW, Zeldin DC, Bonner JC, Nestmann ER. Pulmonary applications and toxicity of engineered nanoparticles. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2008; 295:L400-11. [PMID: 18641236 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00041.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of their unique physicochemical properties, engineered nanoparticles have the potential to significantly impact respiratory research and medicine by means of improving imaging capability and drug delivery, among other applications. These same properties, however, present potential safety concerns, and there is accumulating evidence to suggest that nanoparticles may exert adverse effects on pulmonary structure and function. The respiratory system is susceptible to injury resulting from inhalation of gases, aerosols, and particles, and also from systemic delivery of drugs, chemicals, and other compounds to the lungs via direct cardiac output to the pulmonary arteries. As such, it is a prime target for the possible toxic effects of engineered nanoparticles. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the potential usefulness of nanoparticles and nanotechnology in respiratory research and medicine and to highlight important issues and recent data pertaining to nanoparticle-related pulmonary toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W Card
- Cantox Health Sciences International, 2233 Argentia Rd., Suite 308, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5N 2X7.
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