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Deitz AHH. Self-compassion, childhood emotional neglect, and posttraumatic growth: Parental well-being during COVID-19. J Affect Disord 2024; 350:504-512. [PMID: 38244798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CoronaVirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic can be conceptualized as a trauma that created additional unique stressors for parents. Self-compassion might promote posttraumatic growth (PTG); however, parents with histories of childhood emotional neglect may struggle to practice self-compassion when their own affectional needs were unmet earlier in life, carrying implications for both parental and child well-being. The objective is to examine the relationship between childhood emotional neglect and pandemic-related PTG, and the moderating role of self-compassion. METHODS An online cross-sectional survey collected information from 436 parents (M = 37.62 years, SD = 9.31) across the U.S. on pandemic- and parenting-related stresses, childhood emotional neglect, self-compassionate behavior, psychological distress, and pandemic-related PTG. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to analyze relationships among childhood emotional neglect, self-compassionate behavior, and pandemic-related PTG. RESULTS Parents who reported greater frequency of self-compassionate behavior tended to report higher pandemic-related PTG. Childhood emotional neglect alone did not predict pandemic-related PTG; however, for parents who reported less frequent self-compassionate behavior, greater childhood emotional neglect predicted lower pandemic-related PTG. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design and sample homogeneity limit both causal inference and generalizability. Limitations in operationalization of PTG and self-compassion constructs are discussed. CONCLUSIONS Findings emphasize the utility of self-compassionate behavior in promoting pandemic-related PTG, especially for adults with histories of childhood emotional neglect. Self-compassion is a freely accessible practice that individuals can implement successfully with minimal instruction. In terms of clinical relevance, therapists may be able to identify points of intervention wherein self-compassion may stimulate pandemic-related PTG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison H H Deitz
- University of Maryland, Baltimore, School of Social Work, 525 W. Redwood Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America.
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Saltzman LY, Terzis L. Psychological predictors of the time perspective: The role of posttraumatic stress disorder, posttraumatic growth, and temporal triggers in a sample of bereaved adults. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298445. [PMID: 38427669 PMCID: PMC10906841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The process of coping with loss and trauma is inextricably linked with subjective experiences and perceptions of time. The Time Perspective Framework, suggests that temporal frames influence an individual's actions, judgements, and the decisions that they make. Similarly, time perspective has been linked with psychosocial outcomes of trauma and loss (e.g. posttraumatic stress disorder). The aim of this study is to identify factors that may influence survivor's time perspective in order to determine if posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), posttraumatic growth (PTG), and temporal triggers (MIT) influenced different time perspective orientations. METHODS Data was collected via Qualtrics survey between July 2019 and July 2020. Measures included basic demographic characteristics, posttraumatic stress disorder checklist, posttraumatic growth inventory, an assessment of temporal triggers, and the Zimbardo time perspective inventory. A series of OLS regression analyses were estimated. RESULTS PTG was positively associated with future time perspective scores, whereas PTSD was associated with an increase in past negative orientation. The endorsement of temporal triggers like markers in time was negatively associated with present hedonistic scores and positively associated with future time perspective scores. Interestingly, PTSD, PTG and the endorsement of MIT were not associated with present time perspective scores. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS Identifying the relationship between PTSD, PTG, marker in time, and time perspective may offer important insights into treatment modalities that can improve outcomes for bereaved individuals. We discuss limitations of the current analysis and make recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leia Y. Saltzman
- School of Social Work, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Lauren Terzis
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
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Jónsdóttir EK, Sigurvinsdottir RS, Ásgeirsdóttir BB. Associations among posttraumatic growth, demographic characteristics, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and trauma type, with a focus on sexual violence. J Trauma Stress 2023; 36:849-860. [PMID: 37339113 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed posttraumatic growth (PTG) across multiple trauma types and by demographic characteristics (i.e., sex, age, education). Moreover, we examined the association between PTG and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms as well as the characteristics and predictors of PTG after sexual violence. A phone survey was conducted in a nationally representative sample of 1,766 Icelandic adults. In total, 1,528 individuals reported having experienced some form of trauma and were included in the analysis, and 563 reported experiencing sexual violence. Interpersonal trauma (e.g., sexual violence, emotional abuse, and domestic violence) was associated with the highest levels of PTG. Moderate levels of PTSD symptoms were associated with the highest levels of PTG, whereas high- or low-level PTSD symptoms were related to less PTG. Women reported significantly more PTG than men, d = 0.16 and survivors of sexual violence reported significantly more PTG than individuals who reported other forms of trauma exposure, d = 0.28. Among sexual violence survivors, no demographic factors were associated with PTG, but cumulative trauma and positive social reactions were significantly related to higher levels of PTG. This study highlights that personal growth can result from aversive experiences and suggests a curvilinear association between PTG and PTSD symptoms.
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Xu M, Tian R, Fu C, Li J, Bi D, Wang Y. The impact of family function on post-traumatic reactions of Chinese adolescents infected with COVID-19: a latent profile study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1153820. [PMID: 37213623 PMCID: PMC10192572 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1153820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Since the end of 2019, Corona Virus Disease 2019, also known as COVID-19, has broken out in various countries. However, the change of China's COVID-19 prevention and control policy and the sharp increase in the number of infected people are making the teenagers have post-traumatic reactions. Negative post-traumatic reactions include: post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety. Positive post-traumatic reaction mainly refers to post-traumatic growth (PTG). The purpose of this study is to explore the post-traumatic reaction, which refers to PTSD, depression, anxiety and the co-occurrence pattern of growth after trauma and to further explore the influence of family function on different categories of Post-traumatic Reactions. Methods Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to explore the co-occurrence of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and PTG. Multiple logistics regression was used to analyze the influence of family function on different categories of post-traumatic response. Results There were three categories of post-traumatic reactions in adolescents infected with COVID-19 adolescents infected with COVID-19, namely: growth class, struggling class, and pain class. Multivariate Logistic regression showed that the growth class and struggling class were affected by problem solving and behavior control in family function, while the growth class and pain class were affected by problem solving, roles, behavior control, and general functioning. Multiple logistic regression showed that the growth class and struggling class were affected by problem solving and roles. Conclusions The findings of this study provide evidence for the identification of high-risk individuals and the provision of effective interventions in clinical practice, as well as the influence of family functioning on the different categories of PTSD among adolescents infected with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingtu Xu
- Department of Mental Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Runhui Tian
- Department of Mental Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Runhui Tian
| | - Cong Fu
- Department of Mental Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingyang Li
- Department of Mental Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dingyu Bi
- Department of Politics and Education, Jilin Experimental Middle School, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Affiliated Middle School of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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5
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Ceccon C, Moscardino U. Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health and future orientation among young adult asylum seekers in Italy: A mixed-methods study. Transcult Psychiatry 2022; 59:782-796. [PMID: 35549951 PMCID: PMC9111910 DOI: 10.1177/13634615221098306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak caused a worldwide health emergency which disproportionately affected migrants and ethnic minorities. Yet, little is known about the psychosocial effects of the pandemic among refugees and asylum seekers. This study used a convergent parallel mixed-method design to explore knowledge and opinions concerning COVID-19 and the impact of lockdown on perceived mental health and future orientation among 42 young adult asylum seekers residing in northeastern Italy. Participants took part in individual interviews comprising both qualitative and quantitative questions. Qualitative reports were analyzed using thematic content analysis, whereas descriptive statistics and paired sample t-tests were computed on quantitative data. Results indicated that most participants were correctly informed about the nature, origin, and spread of COVID-19, expressed moderate or high satisfaction concerning the clarity of communication about safety measures, and followed them most of the time. Worries about family in the home country, loneliness, fear for own and loved ones' health, and concerns about delays in the asylum application were the most frequently mentioned stressful events. Psychological and physical distress significantly increased, and positive future orientation significantly decreased during the lockdown. However, participants also emphasized the usefulness of instrumental support from social workers and exhibited a resilient attitude characterized by the acceptance of uncertainty, sense of connectedness, and positive outlook. Overall, findings suggest that the current emergency may exacerbate psychological vulnerabilities of asylum seekers due to continued existential uncertainty. Thus, individual and contextual assets should be strengthened to promote psychosocial adjustment and coping resources in the context of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ceccon
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, 9308University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ughetta Moscardino
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, 9308University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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6
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Park CL, Wilt JA, Russell BS, Fendrich M. Does perceived post-traumatic growth predict better psychological adjustment during the COVID-19 pandemic? Results from a national longitudinal survey in the USA. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 146:179-185. [PMID: 34995993 PMCID: PMC8719907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Perceiving that one has grown in positive ways following highly stressful experiences (perceived posttraumatic growth; PPTG) is common and sometimes--but not always--related to psychological wellbeing. However, PPTG is typically studied cross-sectionally and well after the stressful experience has passed; how PPTG might relate to wellbeing over time in an unprecedented, ongoing worldwide disaster such as the COVID-19 pandemic remains unknown. Thus, the current study sought to answer whether, in the midst of the pandemic, PPTG relates to subsequent wellbeing, broadly defined. Participants were N = 1544 MTurk workers who completed a five-wave (T1-T5) six-month longitudinal study. Current analyses focused on T2-T5 (ns = 860-712). At each time point, participants completed self-report measures of PPTG and wellbeing (depression, anxiety, stress, positive states of mind, alcohol use, posttraumatic stress). In cross-lagged panel models, PPTG was largely unrelated to subsequent wellbeing. Somewhat more evidence was found that increasing distress led to increases in PPTG, suggesting perceptions of growth may serve as a coping mechanism. PPTG does not appear to benefit adjustment to the COVID-19 pandemic and may simply reflect efforts to manage distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal L. Park
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA,Corresponding author. Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Joshua A. Wilt
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA,Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Beth S. Russell
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Michael Fendrich
- School of Social Work, University of Connecticut, Hartford, CT, USA
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Reyes ME, Rossi JS, Thomas ED, C Goldstein S, Weiss NH. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Substance Misuse Among Black Emerging Adults: The Influence of Social Support. J Dual Diagn 2022; 18:42-51. [PMID: 34970948 PMCID: PMC9128832 DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2021.2017221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Black emerging adults are significantly impacted by substance misuse. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with heightened substance misuse among Black emerging adults. However, limited research has identified protective factors that may influence the strength of the relation between PTSD and substance misuse in this population. Addressing this important limitation, the present study examined the potential moderating role of perceived social support in the association between PTSD symptoms and substance (i.e., alcohol and drug) misuse. Methods: Participants were 182 trauma-exposed Black emerging adults (M age = 20.50; 71.3% women) who completed self-report measures assessing PTSD symptoms, alcohol and drug misuse, and perceived social support. Results: PTSD symptoms were significantly and positively correlated with both alcohol and drug misuse. Moderation analyses indicated that positive relations between PTSD symptoms and both alcohol and drug misuse were only significant among Black emerging adults with lower (but not higher) levels of perceived social support. Conclusions: These findings suggest the potential utility of addressing social support in the assessment and treatment of substance misuse in trauma-exposed Black emerging adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda E Reyes
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Joseph S Rossi
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Emmanuel D Thomas
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Silvi C Goldstein
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Nicole H Weiss
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
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8
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Canale N, Marino C, Lenzi M, Vieno A, Griffiths MD, Gaboardi M, Giraldo M, Cervone C, Massimo S. How Communication Technology Fosters Individual and Social Wellbeing During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Preliminary Support For a Digital Interaction Model. JOURNAL OF HAPPINESS STUDIES 2022; 23:727-745. [PMID: 34177363 PMCID: PMC8214064 DOI: 10.1007/s10902-021-00421-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to test an explanatory model for individual and social wellbeing which incorporates the advantages of using digital technologies during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was carried out in Italy, one of the countries that has been most severely affected by the pandemic worldwide. The study was designed to include variables that might be specifically pertinent to the uniqueness of the restrictions imposed by the pandemic. Adults living in Italy (n = 1412) completed an online survey during the lockdown period in March 2020. Results showed two distinct digital interaction processes highlighted by the facilitating use of online emotions ("e-motions") and online social support ("e-support"). In short, e-motions were positively related to posttraumatic growth, which in turn was positively associated with positive mental health and higher engagement in prosocial behaviors. Moreover, individuals who perceived themselves as having greater e-support were characterized by higher levels of positive mental health, which it turn was positively associated with prosocial behaviors. Collectively, these two digital interaction processes suggest that digital technologies appear to be critical resources in helping individuals cope with difficulties raised by the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natale Canale
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Claudia Marino
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Michela Lenzi
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alessio Vieno
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Marta Gaboardi
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Giraldo
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Carmen Cervone
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Santinello Massimo
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
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9
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Li X, Curran M, Serido J, LeBaron-Black AB, Shim S, Zhou N. Financial behaviors, financial satisfaction, and goal attainment among college-educated young adults: A mediating analysis with latent change scores. APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10888691.2021.1976182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Moon J, Mello ZR. Time among the taunted: The moderating effect of time perspective on bullying victimization and self-esteem in adolescents. J Adolesc 2021; 89:170-182. [PMID: 34020289 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bullying victimization is detrimental to psychosocial wellbeing in adolescents. It is paramount that factors that mitigate the harmful effects of bullying victimization be identified. Time perspective may be a potential mechanism. Thus, we examined the moderating effect of time perspective on the associations between traditional and cyberbullying victimization (being bullied in person and on electronic media) and self-esteem in adolescents. Time perspective refers to feelings and thoughts about the past, present, and future. We examined time feelings (positive and negative feelings about the time periods), time frequency (frequency of thoughts about the time periods), and time relation (the perceived relationship among the time periods). METHODS Two cross-sectional survey studies were conducted. Study 1 examined traditional bullying victimization in 721 American adolescents (Mage = 15.84, SD = 1.20; 57% female). Study 2 examined cyberbullying victimization in 190 American adolescents (Mage = 15.83, SD = 1.28; 59% female). RESULTS Hierarchical linear regression analyses indicated that time perspective dimensions moderated the associations between high levels of traditional and cyberbullying victimization and self-esteem in adolescents who (a) had strong positive and weak negative feelings about the present and future (time feelings); (b) thought a little about the past (time frequency); or (c) perceived all time periods as interrelated (time relation). CONCLUSIONS Time perspective dimensions (feelings, frequency, and relation) moderated the associations between traditional and cyberbullying victimization and self-esteem in adolescents. Findings have implications for bullying victimization prevention efforts. Findings also demonstrate the multidimensional and multi-temporal qualities of time perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Moon
- Psychology Department, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94132, USA.
| | - Zena R Mello
- Psychology Department, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94132, USA.
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11
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Jankowski PJ, Sandage SJ, Wang DC, Hill P. Relational spirituality profiles and flourishing among emerging religious leaders. THE JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2021.1913637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Jankowski
- Counseling Program, Bethel University, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Albert and Jessie Danielsen Institute, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven J. Sandage
- Albert and Jessie Danielsen Institute, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- MF Norwegian School of Theology, Oslo, Norway
| | - David C. Wang
- Rosemead School of Psychology, Biola University, LaMirada, CA, USA
| | - Peter Hill
- Rosemead School of Psychology, Biola University, LaMirada, CA, USA
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12
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Li J, Sun Y, Maccallum F, Chow AYM. Depression, Anxiety and Post-traumatic Growth Among Bereaved Adults: A Latent Class Analysis. Front Psychol 2021; 11:575311. [PMID: 33519589 PMCID: PMC7844091 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.575311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The death of a loved one can trigger a range of responses, including painful thoughts and emotions, as well as positive changes, such as post-traumatic growth (PTG). To understand more about the relationship between these outcomes this study explored the co-occurrence of depression, anxiety and PTG among a group of bereaved Chinese adults. Methods Data were collected from 194 participants, who had lost a first-degree relative. Latent class analysis was used to analyze the data to identify subgroups of participants with shared symptom profiles. Results Three classes were identified: a Growth class, a Depression/Anxiety/Growth class and a Depression/Anxiety class. Marital status, social support, close relationship with the deceased and witnessing the suffering of the deceased were identified as differential predictors of class membership. Conclusion The findings contribute to our understanding of the potentially wide ranging impacts of bereavement and highlight the important role of stressor characteristics and support and in influencing impairment and positive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yihua Sun
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Fiona Maccallum
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Amy Y M Chow
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, China
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Yang Y, Wang L, Passmore HA, Zhang J, Zhu L, Cai H. Viewing nature scenes reduces the pain of social ostracism. The Journal of Social Psychology 2020; 161:197-215. [PMID: 32633650 DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2020.1784826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In a series of four studies (Ns = 245, 135, 155, 222), we explored the effects of viewing nature scenes on promoting recovery from ostracism. We first manipulated experiences of ostracism, then randomly assigned participants to view photos of either nature, urban scenes, or neutral objects. Across all four studies, participants who viewed nature photos reported significantly lower levels of state social pain, along with significantly higher levels of affect balance and self-esteem. Moreover, when asked to look back and recall how they felt at the time of being ostracized, participants who viewed nature photos reported significantly higher levels of retrospective satisfaction of basic emotional needs than did participants in control conditions. An internal meta-analysis revealed an effect size of d = 0.58. These studies are the first, to our knowledge, to provide experimental evidence of how exposure to nature can alleviate the pain of social ostracism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lishen Wang
- Education College, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Holli-Anne Passmore
- Nature Connectedness Group, University of Derby, Derby, United Kingdom.,Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Concordia University of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lifang Zhu
- Mental Health Education & Counseling Centre, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Huajian Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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14
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Harrison NR, Clark DPA. Mindful Awareness, But Not Acceptance, Predicts Engagement with Natural Beauty. ECOPSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1089/eco.2019.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Neil R. Harrison
- Department of Psychology, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Dan P. A. Clark
- Department of Psychology, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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15
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Positive Changes and Appreciation of Life Among Economic Immigrants in Scotland. JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND INTEGRATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12134-019-00669-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Höltge J, Mc Gee SL, Thoma MV. The curvilinear relationship of early-life adversity and successful aging: the mediating role of mental health. Aging Ment Health 2019; 23:608-617. [PMID: 29447460 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2018.1433635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The steeling effect suggests that early-life adversity can have a beneficial impact later in life. However, little is known about its underlying mechanisms and long-term outcomes . The study aimed to examine the role of early-life adversity (ELA) on successful aging, and whether this relationship can be explained by mental and physical health. METHOD Socio-demographics, early-life adversity (ELA), individual quality of life (iQoL), and mental and physical health of 270 individuals (Mage = 66.82 years, 71.5% female) were assessed. Polynomial regressions and mediation analyses were conducted. RESULTS Significant inverse U-shaped associations were found between ELA and iQoL (β = -.59, p = .005) and between ELA and mental health (β = -.64, p = .002), but not between ELA and physical health. Furthermore, mental health significantly mediated the relationship between ELA and iQoL (b = -.84, BCa CI [-1.66, -.27]). CONCLUSION Highest level of individual quality of life (i.e. successful aging) was related to a moderate amount of ELA. Additionally, mental health significantly mediated this relationship. These findings suggest that some amount of ELA could be beneficial for successful aging. Resource-focused interventions are needed to improve health and promote successful aging for an underdetected, at-risk subgroup with low early-life adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Höltge
- a Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Institute of Psychology , University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.,b University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Shauna L Mc Gee
- a Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Institute of Psychology , University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.,b University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Myriam V Thoma
- a Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Institute of Psychology , University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland.,b University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
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Diessner R, Pohling R, Stacy S, Güsewell A. Trait Appreciation of Beauty: A Story of Love, Transcendence, and Inquiry. REVIEW OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1037/gpr0000166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This review of the trait of appreciation of beauty (AoB) draws from the literature in personality psychology, philosophy, religion, neuroscience, neuro-aesthetics, evolutionary psychology, and the psychology of morality. We demonstrate that AoB can be mapped onto a definition of appreciation that includes perceptual, cognitive, emotional, trait, virtue, and valuing elements. A classic component of defining beauty, unity-in-diversity, is described based on the works of a variety of major philosophers. We next describe that there are at least four channels of appreciation of beauty: natural beauty, artistic beauty, moral beauty, and beautiful ideas. Examining the neuro-aesthetics research indicates that many networks of the brain are involved in mental acts of appreciating beauty, but the medial orbital front cortex (mOFC) is implicated across all four channels of beauty. We then explain how the trait of AoB is a member of three different families of traits: traits of love, traits of transcendence, and traits of inquiry. Next we briefly explain why Kant may have been more correct than Hegel concerning beauty and the good soul. We then present evidence that women may appreciate beauty somewhat more than men. Data from many cultures and nations consistently indicate this. After that we claim AoB leads to individual and collective flourishing. We examine and summarize studies that indicate appreciation of natural beauty leads to a wide variety of positive outcomes; we focus on the importance of open-mindedness that accompanies engagement with artistic beauty; and we summarize studies regarding the moral emotion of elevation and appreciation of moral beauty. Suggested future directions for research are embedded in each subsection of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rico Pohling
- Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, and Division of Personality Psychology and Assessment, Technische Universität Chemnitz
| | | | - Angelika Güsewell
- Haute Ecole de Musique Vaud Valais Fribourg, HES-SO, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland
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18
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Friborg O. An improved method for counting stressful life events (SLEs) when predicting mental health and wellness. Psychol Health 2018; 34:64-83. [PMID: 30295515 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2018.1516768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Checklists for registering stressful life events (SLEs) generally correlate negatively, but weakly, with mental health outcome measures. Thus, the present study examined various methodological approaches for improving these relationships. DESIGN A total of 1679 participants (women = 943, men = 736, M age-39.8) were randomly drawn from the general Norwegian population (response rate 34%). This prospective cohort study included two follow-ups at 10 (n = 1181) and 23 months (n = 942). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Satisfaction with life and absence of psychological distress (i.e. anxiety and depression) represented a joint measure for indexing 'mental wellness' (MW). RESULTS A simple count of SLEs weakly predicted MW, as expected, whereas the addition of a moderator (i.e. manageability of the event) substantially improved predictive power. Four additional moderators were examined: duration, impact, help-seeking and time since onset, but these were non-significant after inserting manageability into the model. This SLE counting method also retained its predictive power after including multiple criterion-related variables that substantially adjusted the longitudinal statistical model. CONCLUSION This new SLE counting method exhibited a considerable improvement to predicting mental health and well-being. It is well suited for use in epidemiological research requiring a short SLE checklist format with high predictive power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oddgeir Friborg
- a Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Psychology , The Artic University of Norway Tromsø N-9037 , Norway
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Jayawickreme E, Rivers J, Rauthmann JM. Do We Know How Adversity Impacts Human Development? RESEARCH IN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/15427609.2018.1495515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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20
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Perceived Stress as a Mediator Between Social Support and Posttraumatic Growth Among Chinese American Breast Cancer Survivors. Cancer Nurs 2018; 41:53-61. [PMID: 27442209 DOI: 10.1097/ncc.0000000000000422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that social support is positively associated with posttraumatic growth (PTG) among white cancer survivors. Whether the same relationship holds among Asian American cancer survivors and through what mechanism social support may influence PTG is unclear. OBJECTIVE This study examined the association between social support and PTG among Chinese American breast cancer survivors and proposed perceived stress as a mediator. METHODS Chinese American breast cancer survivors (n = 118) were recruited from Southern California. Participants' social support, perceived stress, and PTG were measured in a questionnaire package. RESULTS Social support was associated with lower perceived stress (r= -0.34, P<.001) and higher PTG (r=0.44, P<.001). Perceived stress was negatively associated with PTG (r=-0.36, P< .001). Results from structural equation modeling supported the mediation model, with satisfactory model fit indices (χ37= 65.55, comparative fit index= 0.98, Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.97, root-mean-square error of approximation = 0.08). Both the indirect effect from social support to PTG via perceived stress (β = .07, P< .05) and the direct effect from social support and PTG (β= .40, P< .001) were statistically significant, suggesting a partial mediation effect of perceived stress between social support and PTG. CONCLUSIONS The positive association between social support and Chinese American breast cancer survivors' PTG was supported. Our findings also suggested that social support may facilitate PTG through reduction of perceived stress. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Interventions that help to enhance Chinese American breast cancer survivors' social support may also facilitate their PTG.
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Diessner R, Genthôs R, Praest K, Pohling R. Identifying with Nature Mediates the Influence of Valuing Nature's Beauty on Proenvironmental Behaviors. ECOPSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1089/eco.2017.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rico Pohling
- Technische Universität Chemnitz, Dresden, Germany
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Höltge J, Mc Gee SL, Maercker A, Thoma MV. A Salutogenic Perspective on Adverse Experiences. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1027/2512-8442/a000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Research has predominantly focused on the negative effects of adversity on health and well-being. However, the salutogenic perspective suggests that adversity may not always be detrimental ( Antonovsky, 1996 ). In fact, under certain circumstances, adversity may have the potential for positive outcomes, such as increased resilience and thriving ( Carver, 1998 ; Rutter, 1987 ). The “steeling effect” suggests that past experiences of adversity may increase resistance to later adversities. It proposes that moderate adversity may facilitate more adaptive functioning than no adversity or high levels of adversity ( Rutter, 2006 , 2012 ). The relationship between adversity and health may be optimally assessed using curvilinear models, yet the majority of previous studies have examined linear associations ( Masten & Cicchetti, 2016 ). It is therefore the aim of this review to determine whether moderate adversity is associated with more adaptive functioning when compared to no and high levels of adversity. Practical implications and future research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Höltge
- Department of Psychology, Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging”, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shauna L. Mc Gee
- Department of Psychology, Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging”, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Maercker
- Department of Psychology, Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging”, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Myriam V. Thoma
- Department of Psychology, Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program “Dynamics of Healthy Aging”, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Nishikawa S, Fujisawa TX, Kojima M, Tomoda A. Type and Timing of Negative Life Events Are Associated with Adolescent Depression. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:41. [PMID: 29491843 PMCID: PMC5817059 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated an association between negative life events (NLEs) in childhood and resilience/posttraumatic growth (PTG) with regard to the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder. We hypothesized that the type and timing of NLEs interact to influence mental health in the general youth population. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the effects of NLE timing and intensity on current depressive symptoms, and to determine the direct and indirect effects of NLEs/resilience on PTG and depression among non-clinical adolescents. Data were collected from 1,038 high-school students across seven high schools in Fukui, Japan, during their freshman and sophomore years (648 boys and 390 girls, mean age = 15.71, SD = 0.524). Respondents completed a set of questionnaires designed to evaluate the type and timing of NLEs, depressive and traumatic symptoms, and PTG. Cluster analysis was used to divide participants into three groups based on outcomes: "cluster 1" (n = 631), for whom depressive scores were significantly lower than other two subgroups (p < 0.05, for both); "cluster 2" (n = 52), for whom levels of current and past perceived stress associated with NLEs were significantly higher than those of the other two subgroups (p < 0.05, for both); "cluster 3" (n = 374), for whom perceived stress at the time of NLE was significantly higher than that of participants in the cluster 1 (p < 0.05) group, but not the cluster 2 group. Our findings indicated that exposure to NLEs at a younger age resulted in stronger negative outcomes and that NLE timing and intensity were associated with PTG and current symptoms of depression. Furthermore, path analysis demonstrated that associations between perceived stress at the time of NLEs were direct and indirect predictors of current depression via PTG and that posttraumatic stress symptom and PTG mediate the association between NLEs/trait-resiliency and current depression. In conclusion, our findings suggest that event intensity, NLE timing, and gender may play a role in emotional vulnerability during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Nishikawa
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Fukui University, Fukui, Japan
| | - Takashi X Fujisawa
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Fukui University, Fukui, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kojima
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Fukui University, Fukui, Japan
| | - Akemi Tomoda
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Fukui University, Fukui, Japan
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Li D, Zhang R, Liu S, Liu J, Zhang T. The Characteristics of Chinese Adolescents With Suicidal Ideation: A Mixed-Methods Approach. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0743558417723603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a mixed-methods study to explore the characteristics of Chinese adolescents with suicidal ideation, using both quantitative and qualitative data and analysis. Participants were N = 244 adolescents, who completed self-report assessments of suicidal ideation, as well as indices of psychological functioning and well-being. A subset of n = 6 high and n = 6 low suicidal ideation adolescents participated in the follow-up interviews. Among the quantitative results, as compared with adolescents with low suicidal ideation, adolescents with high suicidal ideation reported significantly higher scores for stressful life events, coping-avoidant strategies, loneliness, and depression, as well as significantly lower scores for coping-approach strategies. Among the qualitative results, adolescents with high suicidal ideation demonstrated the following characteristics: (a) most troubled by academic pressures and relations, (b) negative self-evaluations, (c) maladaptive understanding of life and death, (d) individual-oriented attributions, and (e) negative coping strategies and self-fulfilling prophesy. These findings contribute to the early identification of adolescents who are at higher risk for suicide, further expand the stress and coping model with the distress-to-meaninglessness framework, and suggest that improving positive self-evaluation may be a focus of prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongwei Zhang
- Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Fujian Polytechnic of Information Technology, Fuzhou, China
| | | | | | - Ting Zhang
- Zhejiang Industry & Trade Vocational College, Wenzhou, China
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