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Junça-Silva A, Mendes S. The intersectional effects of motivational and affective factors on managers' performance. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2023; 15:1619-1636. [PMID: 37222254 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Drawing from the effort-recovery model, the authors analyzed the role of daily sleep quality as a driver for self-regulatory resources and consequently of task and contextual performance. Specifically, the authors hypothesized that self-regulatory resources would be a potential mechanism for enhancing workers' performance after a good night's sleep. Moreover, relying on the COR theory, the authors proposed health-related indicators (mental health and vitality) as intensifiers of the previously proposed indirect effect. Daily diary data were collected from 97 managers over five consecutive working days (485 daily observations) and analyzed using multilevel analyses. Sleep quality was positively associated with managers' self-regulatory resources and (task and contextual) performance at the person and day levels. Additionally, results provided support for most of the assumed indirect effects of sleep quality on both performance dimensions via self-regulatory resources. At last, the findings evidenced that these indirect effects were moderated by health indicators in a way that lower scores on health intensified such positive effects. Organizations should create mechanisms that could promote their workers' awareness of the potential benefits of sleeping well at night as well as its impacts on both self-regulatory resources and performance. The current intensification of workload together with working after hours may pose a risk to this important resource source for managers. These findings emphasize the day-to-day variation in self-regulatory resources needed to perform and that workers' sleep quality has the potential to stimulate a resource-building process for such benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Junça-Silva
- Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Lisbon, Portugal
- Business Research Unit-BRU, UNIDE-IUL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Simão Mendes
- Instituto Politécnico de Tomar (IPT), Tomar, Portugal
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Theodorou A, Spano G, Bratman GN, Monneron K, Sanesi G, Carrus G, Imperatori C, Panno A. Emotion regulation and virtual nature: cognitive reappraisal as an individual-level moderator for impacts on subjective vitality. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5028. [PMID: 36977705 PMCID: PMC10043509 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30287-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
People who make habitual use of an emotion regulation strategy such as cognitive reappraisal may be more sensitive to the emotion cues coming from a surrounding natural environment and, thus, get more benefits from virtual nature exposure such as enhanced subjective vitality. However, no previous study investigated the moderating role of cognitive reappraisal in the relationship between exposure to different types of natural environments (a national park, a lacustrine environment, and an arctic environment vs. an urban environment) and subjective vitality. We designed a between-subject design (four conditions, one per type of environment) with a sample of 187 university students (Mage = 21.17, SD = 2.55). Participants were exposed to four 360° panoramic photos of the environment for one minute each with a virtual reality head-mounted display. The results of a multicategorical moderation analysis attested that there were two significant interactions, respectively between lacustrine and arctic environments and cognitive reappraisal. More specifically, for participants with low levels of habitual use of cognitive reappraisal, the effects of virtual nature (vs. urban) exposure on subjective vitality were not significant, while for participants with high levels, the effects were significant and positive. Findings show how the potential of virtual nature may be boosted with training aimed at increasing the general use of cognitive reappraisal, supports enhancing the applications of virtual nature, and demonstrates the need to take individual differences into account when determining the benefits of these applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Theodorou
- Department of Education, Roma Tre University, 20 Via del Castro Pretorio, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Spano
- Department of Education, Psychology, Communication Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Gregory N Bratman
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Kevin Monneron
- Geographic Research and Application Laboratory (GREAL), European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sanesi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carrus
- Department of Education, Roma Tre University, 20 Via del Castro Pretorio, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Panno
- Department of Human Science, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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Tewani GR, Silwal K, Yadav D, Siddiqui A, Kriplani S, Maheshwari A, Nathani VV, Singh D, Gyanchandani K, Iyer R, Khan V, Dubey P, Sharma H, Nair PM. Effect of health education-based yoga & naturopathy lifestyle interventions on personality of patients with non-communicable diseases: A randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33260. [PMID: 36930134 PMCID: PMC10019202 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personality traits play a role in the progression and management of chronic diseases. However, a change in personality is seldom considered an outcome in the management of chronic diseases. The present study explored if a health education-based yoga & naturopathy lifestyle intervention group (HYNLG) can induce change in the personality traits, vitality, quality of life (QoL), and satisfaction in patients with non-communicable diseases compared to a therapy-centric yoga & naturopathy lifestyle intervention (TYNLG). METHODS This randomized control trial included 56 participants who were equally randomized into the HYNLG and TYNLG groups. Both groups received a 10-day inpatient regimen that included hydrotherapy, mud therapy, diet therapy, supervised fasting, sunbathing, acupressure, and massage therapy. Additionally, HYNLG received a 10-day orientation (1 h/d) on concepts centered around belief systems, lifestyle changes, and their impact on health. Vedic Personality Inventory, SF-12 QoL questionnaire, visual analog scale, Hamilton Anxiety Inventory, and Visit-Specific Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire were used as outcome measures. The changes between the time points were analyzed using parametric and non-parametric tests, and Pearson correlation was used to investigate the association between the variables. RESULTS The Sattva (balance and stability) personality trait has significantly increased in HYNLG, while the Rajas (activity and imbalance) and Tamas (inertia and dullness) personalities have decreased. HYNLG also demonstrated a significant improvement in mental QoL, vitality, anxiety reduction, and patient satisfaction when compared to TYNLG. CONCLUSION These findings may have serious clinical and public health implications as they provide insights on the usefulness of introducing a health education component into lifestyle modification programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dinesh Yadav
- Sant Hirdaram Yoga and Nature Cure Hospital, Bhopal, India
| | - Aarfa Siddiqui
- Sant Hirdaram Yoga and Nature Cure Hospital, Bhopal, India
| | | | | | | | - Deepika Singh
- Sant Hirdaram Medical College of Naturopathy & Yogic Sciences for Women, Bhopal, India
| | | | - Rukmani Iyer
- Sant Hirdaram Medical College of Naturopathy & Yogic Sciences for Women, Bhopal, India
| | - Vakeel Khan
- Sant Hirdaram Medical College of Naturopathy & Yogic Sciences for Women, Bhopal, India
| | - Piyush Dubey
- Sant Hirdaram Yoga and Nature Cure Hospital, Bhopal, India
| | - Hemanshu Sharma
- Sant Hirdaram Medical College of Naturopathy & Yogic Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - Pradeep M.K. Nair
- Scholar, Professor & Head, Research, Sant Hirdaram Medical College of Naturopathy & Yogic Sciences, Bhopal, India
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Gibson B, Umeh K, Davies I, Newson L. The best possible self-intervention as a viable public health tool for the prevention of type 2 diabetes: A reflexive thematic analysis of public experience and engagement. Health Expect 2021; 24:1713-1724. [PMID: 34258837 PMCID: PMC8483206 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Public health initiatives seek to modify lifestyle behaviours associated with risk (e.g., diet, exercise, and smoking), but underpinning psychological and affective processes must also be considered to maximize success. Objective This study aimed to qualitatively assess how participants engaged with and utilized the best possible self (BPS)‐intervention specifically as a type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevention tool. Design and Methods Fourteen participants engaged with a tailored BPS intervention. Reflexive thematic analysis analysed accounts of participant's experiences and feasibility of use. Results All participants submitted evidence of engagement with the intervention. The analysis considered two main themes: Holistic Health and Control. The analysis highlighted several nuanced ways in which individuals conceptualized their health, set goals, and received affective benefits, offering insights into how people personalized a simple intervention to meet their health needs. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study to tailor the BPS intervention as a public health application for the prevention of T2D. The intervention enabled users to identify their best possible selves in a way that encouraged T2D preventive behaviours. We propose that our tailored BPS intervention could be a flexible and brief tool to assist public health efforts in encouraging change to aid T2D prevention. Public Contribution The format, language and application of the BPS intervention were adapted in response to a public consultation group that developed a version specifically for application in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gibson
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Kanayo Umeh
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Ian Davies
- School of Sports and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
| | - Lisa Newson
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, Merseyside, UK
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Schüler J, Wolff W, Pfeifer J, Rihm R, Reichel J, Rothacher G, Dettmers C. The Role of Perceived Energy and Self-Beliefs for Physical Activity and Sports Activity of Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and Chronic Stroke. Front Psychol 2021; 11:570221. [PMID: 33584409 PMCID: PMC7876439 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.570221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity counteracts some of the negative consequences associated with chronic neurological diseases. Here, we describe the levels of physical activity (PA) and sports activity (Sport) in patients with multiple sclerosis (pMS, n = 59) and chronic stroke (pStroke, n = 67) and test compliance with the recommendation for health-promoting physical activity of the World-Health Organization (WHO). Secondly, we tested for differences between the groups of patients, and thirdly, we examined relationships between PA and Sport with psychological indicators of perceived energy (fatigue and vitality) and self-beliefs (self-efficacy and self-control). Psychological constructs were assessed with validated measures from different disciplines in Psychology. A statistical aim was to describe interpretations gained by (non-) parametric Bayesian and Null-Hypothesis-Significance Testing statistics (NHST) on the example of the conducted tests for differences and relationships. Descriptive analyses revealed that pMS and pStroke complied with recommendations of the WHO, but with large variance indicating that patient groups are not homogenous. Tests for differences showed that the PA difference between pMS and pStroke can be attributed to the higher proportion of women in the pMS sample as they engage more in household chores (important part of PA). Tests for relationships showed that for pStroke, vitality, self-control, and self-efficacy were positively related to the level of sports activity. Furthermore, pStroke who were sport active had lower fatigue and higher self-control and self-efficacy scores than sport inactive people. Although they address slightly different questions, the Bayesian and the NHST approach led to similar general conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schüler
- Department of Sports Science, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Wanja Wolff
- Department of Sports Science, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Educational Psychology Lab, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julian Pfeifer
- Department of Sports Science, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Romina Rihm
- Department of Sports Science, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jessica Reichel
- Department of Sports Science, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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Zafeiriou ME, Gulliford A. A grounded theory of educational psychologists’ mental health casework in schools: connection, direction and reconstruction through consultation. EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY IN PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/02667363.2020.1818553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Evrydiki Zafeiriou
- Northamptonshire Educational Psychology Service, Northamptonshire County Council, Northampton, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Garg N, Sarkar A. Vitality among university students: exploring the role of gratitude and resilience. JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS: PEOPLE AND PERFORMANCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/joepp-03-2020-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PurposeVitality is an occurrence of having extremely high energy, stamina, physical or mental vigor. This study tends to investigate whether gratitude and resilience lead to vitality. In particular, it tends to examine the necessity and sufficiency of gratitude and resilience for vitality among Indian university students.Design/methodology/approachThe collected data are analyzed with the help of different statistical tools like the measure of central tendency, standard deviation, correlation, linear and multiple regression, and necessary condition analysis.FindingsThe results establish both gratitude and resilience as sufficient and necessary conditions for the occurrence of vitality among students. Theoretical and practical implications, along with scope for future researchers, are also elaborated.Practical implicationsThough universities are the active change agents and change-makers in the lives of the students, the onus of positive transformation lies on both students and the university administration. Hence these prosocial measures like gratitude and resilience, which are self-regulating, self-professed and competent, help to build internal psychological resources to promote sustainable vitality.Originality/valueThe present study is probably the first study that explores sufficiency and necessity of resilience and gratitude for vitality among students. The findings suggest that university administration may rely on gratitude and resilience-based interventions to enhance vitality of students.
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9
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Sims M, Glover LM, Norwood AF, Jordan C, Min YI, Brewer LC, Kubzansky LD. Optimism and cardiovascular health among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study. Prev Med 2019; 129:105826. [PMID: 31473218 PMCID: PMC6985922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.105826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Little research has examined associations of positive psychosocial factors with the American Heart Association Life's Simple 7™ (LS7) among African Americans. This study examined the associations between positive optimistic orientation and LS7 among African Americans. Using exam 1 data (2000-2004) from the Jackson Heart Study, we examined cross-sectional associations of optimism (in tertiles) with LS7 components [smoking, physical activity, diet, body mass index, blood pressure, cholesterol, glucose] and a composite LS7 score (classified as poor, intermediate, ideal) among 4734 African Americans free of cardiovascular disease. Multivariable prevalence regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR, 95% confidence interval-CI) of intermediate and ideal (vs. poor) individual LS7 components and composite LS7 score by optimism levels, adjusting for demographics, socioeconomic status, and depressive symptoms. For LS7 components with low prevalence, we estimated odds ratios. A greater percentage of participants with high vs. low optimism were younger, female, high SES, and not depressed. After full covariate adjustment, the prevalence ratio of ideal (vs. poor) composite LS7 score was 1.24 for participants who reported high (vs. low) optimism (95% CI 1.09-1.42) at exam 1. Higher levels of optimism were also associated with greater prevalence of ideal (vs. poor) physical activity and smoking. Promoting positive optimistic orientation may be an important step toward increasing the likelihood of achieving optimal cardiovascular health among African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Sims
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
| | - LáShauntá M Glover
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Arnita F Norwood
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Christina Jordan
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Yuan-I Min
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - LaPrincess C Brewer
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Laura D Kubzansky
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Halvari AEM, Halvari H, Deci EL, Williams GC. Autonomy-supportive dental treatment, oral health-related eudaimonic well-being and oral health: a randomized clinical trial. Psychol Health 2019; 34:1421-1436. [DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2019.1613546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Edward L. Deci
- University of South-Eastern Norway, Hønefoss, Norway
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Australian Catholic University, Strathfield, Australia
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Williams GC, Niemiec CP, Patrick H, Ryan RM, Deci EL. Outcomes of the Smoker's Health Project: a pragmatic comparative effectiveness trial of tobacco-dependence interventions based on self-determination theory. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2016; 31:749-759. [PMID: 27923864 PMCID: PMC5141968 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyw046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A pragmatic comparative effectiveness trial examined whether extending the duration of a cost-effective, intensive tobacco-dependence intervention designed to support autonomy will facilitate long-term tobacco abstinence. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three tobacco-dependence interventions based on self-determination theory, namely, Intensive Treatment (IT; six contacts over 6 months), Extended Need Support (ENS; eight contacts over 12 months) and Harm Reduction (HR; eight contacts over 12 months with medication use if willing to reduce cigarette use by half). Among participants who completed the interventions, analyses revealed beneficial effects of ENS (15.7 versus 3.8%; χ 2(1) = 6.92, P < 0.01) and HR (13.6 versus 3.8%; χ 2(1) = 5.26, P < 0.05), relative to IT, on 12-month prolonged abstinence from tobacco. Also, analyses revealed beneficial effects of ENS (77.7 versus 43.0%; χ 2(1) = 24.90, P < 0.001) and HR (84.0 versus 43.0%; χ 2(1) = 37.41, P < 0.001), relative to IT, on use of first-line medications for smoking cessation. Hence, two new interventions were found to be efficacious particularly among participants who completed the interventions. Smokers who stay in treatment for an additional 6 months may benefit from an additional two contacts with practitioners, and thus it seems reasonable for policy makers to offer additional contacts given the health benefits associated with prolonged tobacco abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey C Williams
- Department of Medicine, Healthy Living Center, Center for Community Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14607, USA
| | - Christopher P Niemiec
- Department of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | | | - Richard M Ryan
- Department of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Edward L Deci
- Department of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
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Rouse PC, Veldhuijzen Van Zanten JJJCS, Ntoumanis N, Metsios GS, Yu CA, Kitas GD, Duda JL. Measuring the positive psychological well-being of people with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional validation of the subjective vitality scale. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:312. [PMID: 26542467 PMCID: PMC4635963 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0827-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION People with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) frequently suffer from compromised physical and psychological health, however, little is known about positive indicators of health, due to a lack of validated outcome measures. This study aims to validate a clinically relevant outcome measure of positive psychological well-being for people with RA. The first study examined the reliability and factorial validity of the Subjective Vitality Scale (SVS), whilst study 2 tested the instruments convergent validity. METHODS In study 1, National Rheumatoid Arthritis Society members (N = 333; M age = 59.82 years SD = 11.00) completed a postal questionnaire. For study 2, participants (N = 106; M age = 56 years, SD = 12 years) were those recruited to a randomized control trial comparing two physical activity interventions who completed a range of health-related questionnaires. RESULTS The SVS had a high level of internal consistency (α = .93, Rho = .92). Confirmatory factor analysis supported the uni-dimensional factor structure of the questionnaire among RA patients [χ = 1327 (10), CFI = 1.0, SRMSR = .01 and RMSEA = .00 (.00 - .08)]. Support for the scales convergent validity was revealed by significant (p < .05) relationships, in expected directions, with health related quality of life (r = .59), physical function (r = .58), feelings of fatigue (r = -.70), anxiety (r = -.57) and depression (r = -.73). CONCLUSIONS Results from two studies have provided support for the internal consistency, factorial structure and convergent validity of the Subjective Vitality Scale. Researchers and healthcare providers may employ this clinically relevant, freely available and brief assessment with the confidence that it is a valid and reliable measure of positive psychological well-being for RA patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov ISRCTN04121489 . Registered 5 September 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Rouse
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Jet J J C S Veldhuijzen Van Zanten
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. .,Department of Rheumatology, Dudley Group of Hospitals NHS Trust, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley, West Midlands, UK.
| | - Nikos Ntoumanis
- Health Psychology & Behavioural Medicine Research Group, School of Psychology & Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia.
| | - George S Metsios
- Department of Rheumatology, Dudley Group of Hospitals NHS Trust, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley, West Midlands, UK. .,Department of Physical Activity, Exercise and Health, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall, West Midlands, UK.
| | - Chen-an Yu
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - George D Kitas
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. .,Department of Rheumatology, Dudley Group of Hospitals NHS Trust, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley, West Midlands, UK.
| | - Joan L Duda
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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Sin NL, Moskowitz JT, Whooley MA. Positive Affect and Health Behaviors Across 5 Years in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease: The Heart and Soul Study. Psychosom Med 2015; 77:1058-66. [PMID: 26428445 PMCID: PMC4643380 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Positive psychological states are linked to superior health and longevity, possibly due to behavioral factors. We evaluated cross-sectional and 5-year associations between positive affect and health behaviors in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS Outpatients with CHD reported positive affect, physical activity, sleep quality, medication adherence, cigarette smoking, and alcohol use at baseline (n = 1022) and 5 years later (n = 662). Covariates in regression analyses included demographics, cardiac disease severity, and depressive symptoms. RESULTS At baseline, higher positive affect (per 1 standard deviation) was associated with better health behaviors: physical activity (odds ratio [OR] = 1.52, 95% 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.30-1.77, p < .001), sleep quality (OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.04-1.48, p = .015), medication adherence (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.12-1.90, p = .005), and nonsmoking (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.06-1.57, p = .012), but was unrelated to alcohol use. Baseline positive affect did not predict health behaviors at follow-up, accounting for baseline behaviors. However, increases in positive affect across 5 years co-occurred with improvements in physical activity (B = 0.023, standard error [SE] = 0.008, p = .002), sleep quality (B = 0.011, SE = 0.005, p = .039), and medication adherence (B = 0.014, SE = 0.004, p < .001), but not smoking status (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.73-1.55, p = .74). CONCLUSIONS Positive affect was associated with health behaviors among patients with CHD. Efforts to sustain or enhance positive affect may be promising for promoting better health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy L. Sin
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Judith Tedlie Moskowitz
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Mary A. Whooley
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA
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Williams GC, Halvari H, Niemiec CP, Sørebø Ø, Olafsen AH, Westbye C. Managerial support for basic psychological needs, somatic symptom burden and work-related correlates: A self-determination theory perspective. WORK AND STRESS 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/02678373.2014.971920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Cohn MA, Pietrucha ME, Saslow LR, Hult JR, Moskowitz JT. An online positive affect skills intervention reduces depression in adults with type 2 diabetes. JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 9:523-534. [PMID: 25214877 DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2014.920410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Positive affect predicts improved glycemic control and longevity in adults with type 2 diabetes. We tested DAHLIA, a self-paced online intervention for type 2 diabetes that teaches positive affect skills such as savoring, gratitude, and acts of kindness. Participants (n=49) were randomized to the 5-week DAHLIA course or an emotion-reporting waitlist control. DAHLIA was understood and accepted by participants and showed good retention (78%). At post-intervention, DAHLIA participants showed a significantly greater decrease in depression than controls (-4.3 vs. +0.6 points on the CES-D, p =.05). Secondary analyses found that this effect was considerably stronger in intervention recipients recruited online than those recruited in person. Intervention recipients recruited online also showed significantly increased positive affect, reduced negative affect, and reduced perceived stress. There were no effects on measures of diabetes-specific efficacy or sense of burden, or preliminary measures of health behaviors. This successful feasibility and efficacy trial provides support for a larger trial focusing more specifically on health behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Cohn
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Martha E Pietrucha
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Laura R Saslow
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jen R Hult
- Clinical & Translational Science Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Judith T Moskowitz
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Akın A. The Relationships Between Internet Addiction, Subjective Vitality, and Subjective Happiness. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2012; 15:404-10. [DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2011.0609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Akın
- Department of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, Faculty of Education, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
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