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Ong JL, Shiels SC, Pearson J, Karajgar S, Miar S, Chiou G, Appleford M, Wenke JC, Guda T. Spatial rhBMP2 delivery from hydroxyapatite scaffolds sustains bone regeneration in rabbit radius. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2022; 28:363-374. [PMID: 35615881 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2022.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerating large bone defects requires a multi-faceted approach combining optimal scaffold designs with appropriate growth factor delivery. Supraphysiological doses of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2(rhBMP2); typically used for the regeneration of large bone defects clinically in conjunction with an acellular collagen sponge (ACS), have resulted in many complications. In the current study, we develop a hydroxyapatite/collagen I (HA/Col) scaffold to improve the mechanical properties of the HA scaffolds while maintaining open connected porosity. Varying rhBMP2 dosages were then delivered from a collagenous periosteal membrane and paired with HA or HA/Col scaffolds to treat critical sized (15mm) diaphyseal radial defect in New Zealand white rabbits. The groups examined were ACS+76µg rhBMP2 (clinically used INFUSE dosage), HA+76µg rhBMP2, HA+15µg rhBMP2, HA/Col+15µg rhBMP2 and HA/Col+15µg rhBMP2+bone marrow derived stromal cells (bMSCs). After 8 weeks of implantation, all regenerated bones were evaluated using micro computed tomography, histology, histomorphometry and torsional testing. It was observed that the bone volume regenerated in the HA/Col + 15 µg rhBMP2 group was significantly higher than that in the groups with 76µg rhBMP2. The same scaffold and growth factor combination resulted in the highest bone mineral density of the regenerated bone, and the most bone apposition on the scaffold surface. Both the HA and HA/Col scaffolds paired with 15 µg rhBMP2 had sustained ingrowth of the mineralization front after 2 weeks compared to the groups with 76µg rhBMP2 which had far greater mineralization in the first 2 weeks after implantation. Complete bridging of the defect site and no significant differences in torsional strength, stiffness or angle at failure was observed across all groups. No benefit of additional bMSC seeding was observed on any of the quantified metrics, while bone-implant apposition was reduced in the cell seeded group. This study demonstrated that the controlled spatial delivery of rhBMP2 at the periosteum at significantly lower doses can be used as a strategy to improve bone regeneration around space maintaining scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo L Ong
- The University of Texas at San Antonio, 12346, Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, San Antonio, Texas, United States;
| | - Stefanie C Shiels
- The University of Texas at San Antonio, 12346, Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, San Antonio, Texas, United States.,US Army Institute of Surgical Research, 110230, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, United States;
| | - Joseph Pearson
- The University of Texas at San Antonio, 12346, Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, San Antonio, Texas, United States.,Georgia Institute of Technology, 1372, Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Atlanta, Georgia, United States;
| | - Suyash Karajgar
- The University of Texas at San Antonio, 12346, Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, San Antonio, Texas, United States;
| | - Solaleh Miar
- The University of Texas at San Antonio, 12346, Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, San Antonio, Texas, United States;
| | - Gennifer Chiou
- The University of Texas at San Antonio, 12346, Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, San Antonio, Texas, United States;
| | - Mark Appleford
- The University of Texas at San Antonio, 12346, Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, San Antonio, Texas, United States;
| | - Joseph C Wenke
- US Army Institute of Surgical Research, 110230, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, United States.,The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, 12338, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Galveston, Texas, United States;
| | - Teja Guda
- University of Texas at San Antonio, 12346, Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, San Antonio, Texas, United States;
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Sarkarat F, Vahdati SA, Mahaseni aghdam HR, Nematallahi Z, Farahmand M. Bone Repair via Osteon and Bio-Oss: A Comparative Histological and Histomorphometric Animal Study. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN DENTAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.29252/jrdms.5.2.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Lang A, Kirchner M, Stefanowski J, Durst M, Weber MC, Pfeiffenberger M, Damerau A, Hauser AE, Hoff P, Duda GN, Buttgereit F, Schmidt-Bleek K, Gaber T. Collagen I-based scaffolds negatively impact fracture healing in a mouse-osteotomy-model although used routinely in research and clinical application. Acta Biomater 2019; 86:171-184. [PMID: 30616076 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although several biomaterials for bone regeneration have been developed in the last decades, clinical application of bone morphogenetic protein 2 is clinically only approved when applied on an absorbable bovine collagen I scaffold (ACS) (Helistat; ACS-H). In research, another ACS, namely Lyostypt (ACS-L) is frequently used as a scaffold in bone-linked studies. Nevertheless, until today, the influence of ACS alone on bone healing remains unknown. Unexpectedly, in vitro studies using ASC-H revealed a suppression of osteogenic differentiation and a significant reduction of cell vitality when compared to ASC-L. In mice, we observed a significant delay in bone healing when applying ACS-L in the fracture gap during femoral osteotomy. The results of our study show for the first time a negative influence of both ACS-H and ACS-L on bone formation demonstrating a substantial need for more sophisticated delivery systems for local stimulation of bone healing in both clinical application and research. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Our study provides evidence-based justification to promote the development and approval of more suitable and sophisticated delivery systems in bone healing research. Additionally, we stimulate researchers of the field to consider that the application of those scaffolds as a delivery system for new substances represents a delayed healing approach rather than a normal bone healing which could greatly impact the outcome of those studies and play a pivotal role in the translation to the clinics. Moreover, we provide impulses on underlying mechanism involving the roles of small-leucine rich proteoglycans (SLRP) for further detailed investigations.
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Sauerschnig M, Stolberg-Stolberg J, Schmidt C, Wienerroither V, Plecko M, Schlichting K, Perka C, Dynybil C. Effect of COX-2 inhibition on tendon-to-bone healing and PGE2 concentration after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Eur J Med Res 2018; 23:1. [PMID: 29304843 PMCID: PMC5756348 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-017-0297-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are commonly used to reduce pain and inflammation in orthopaedic patients. Selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors have been developed to minimize drug-specific side effects. However, they are suspected to impair both bone and tendon healing. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of COX-2 inhibitor administration on tendon-to-bone healing and prostaglandin E (PGE2) concentration. METHODS Thirty-two New Zealand white rabbits underwent reconstructions of the anterior cruciate ligaments and were randomized into four groups: Two groups postoperatively received a selective COX-2 inhibitor (Celecoxib) on a daily basis for 3 weeks, the two other groups received no postoperative COX-2 inhibitors at all and were examined after three or 6 weeks. The PGE2 concentration of the synovial fluid, the osseous integration of the tendon graft at tunnel aperture and midtunnel section, as well as the stability of the tendon graft were examined via biomechanic testing. RESULTS After 3 weeks, the PGE2 content of the synovial fluid in the COX-2 inhibitor recipients was significantly lower than that of the control group (p = 0.018). At the same time, the COX-2 inhibitor recipients had a significantly lower bone density and lower amount of new bone formation than the control group (p = 0.020; p = 0.028) in the tunnel aperture. At the 6-week examination, there was a significant increase in the PGE2 content within synovial fluid of the COX-2 inhibitor recipients (p = 0.022), whose treatment with COX-2 inhibitors had ended 3 weeks earlier; in contrast, the transplant stability decreased and was reduced by 37% compared to the controls. CONCLUSIONS Selective COX-2 inhibitors cause impaired tendon-to-bone healing, weaken mechanical stability and decrease PGE2 content of the synovial fluid. The present study suggests a reluctant use of COX-2 inhibitors when tendon-to-bone healing is intended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Sauerschnig
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, University Hospital Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany. .,Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany. .,Trauma Hospital Graz, Unfallkrankenhaus der Allgemeinen Unfallversicherungsanstalt (AUVA), Göstinger Straße 24, 8020, Graz, Austria.
| | - Josef Stolberg-Stolberg
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Carmen Schmidt
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, University Hospital Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Valerie Wienerroither
- Department of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Plecko
- Trauma Hospital Graz, Unfallkrankenhaus der Allgemeinen Unfallversicherungsanstalt (AUVA), Göstinger Straße 24, 8020, Graz, Austria
| | - Karin Schlichting
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, University Hospital Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Perka
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, University Hospital Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Dynybil
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, University Hospital Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
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Biodegradable PCL/fibroin/hydroxyapatite porous scaffolds prepared by supercritical foaming for bone regeneration. Int J Pharm 2017; 527:115-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Zhao MD, Huang JS, Zhang XC, Gui KK, Xiong M, Yin WP, Yuan FL, Cai GP. Construction of Radial Defect Models in Rabbits to Determine the Critical Size Defects. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146301. [PMID: 26731011 PMCID: PMC4701453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies aimed at investigating bone repair have been conducted through animal models in recent years. However, limitations do exist in these models due to varying regeneration potential among different animal species. Even using the same animal, big differences exist in the size of critical size defects (CSD) involving the same region. This study aimed to investigate the standardization of radial bone defect models in rabbits and further establish more reliable CSD data. A total of 40 6-month-old New Zealand white rabbits of clean grade totaling 80 radial bones were prepared for bone defect models, according to the principle of randomization. Five different sizes (1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.7 and 2.0 cm) of complete periosteal defects were introduced under anesthesia. At 12 weeks postoperatively, with the gradual increase in defect size, the grades of bone growth were significantly decreased in all 5 groups. X-ray, CT scans and H&E staining of the 1.4, 1.7, and 2.0-cm groups showed lower grades of bone growth than that of the 1.0 and 1.2-cm groups respectively (P < 0.05). Using rabbit radial defect model involving 6-month-old healthy New Zealand white rabbits, this study indicates that in order to be critical sized, defects must be greater than 1.4 cm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Dong Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Jian-Shu Huang
- Department of Occupational medicine, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Xin-Chao Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Ke-Ke Gui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Min Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Wang-Ping Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Feng-Lai Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Central Laboratory, the third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214041, China
- * E-mail: (GPC); (FLY)
| | - Guo-Ping Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
- * E-mail: (GPC); (FLY)
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Han DS, Chang HK, Kim KR, Woo SM. Consideration of bone regeneration effect of stem cells: comparison of bone regeneration between bone marrow stem cells and adipose-derived stem cells. J Craniofac Surg 2015; 25:196-201. [PMID: 24406577 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000000378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Much controversy exists as to how stem cells efficiently differentiate and regenerate. To research how stem cell origin affects optimal differentiation and regeneration, the authors collected stem cells from bone marrow and fat and compared amounts of bone regeneration from both groups of cells. METHODS This study used 16 New Zealand white rabbits raised in similar surroundings and conditions. After collecting stem cells from bone marrow and fat, osteoblast generation was induced. In each rabbit, 2 craniectomies (10 × 10 mm) were made into each rabbit's calvarium, and 0.2 mL (1 × 10(6) cells/mL) of bone marrow-derived and adipose-derived stem cells were transplanted into each defect. After 3 and 5 weeks of transplantation, computed tomography was conducted. After 6 weeks, regenerated bone tissue was collected and measured for volume, and biopsy was performed. RESULTS Both bone marrow- and adipose-derived stem cells were effective in bone regeneration of the defect. Bone marrow stem cells demonstrated greater differentiation into osteoblasts, but there was no difference in the amount of measured regenerated bone volume after 6 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Adipose-derived stem cells differentiate directly into osteoblasts less often than do bone marrow-derived stem cells. However, the total amount of regenerated bone is almost the same because of the effect of indirect bone regeneration. As adipose-derived stem cells are easily accessible and have the potential to abundantly proliferate into mesenchymal cells, they could be an effective bone regeneration material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Seungyoul Han
- From the *Armed Forces Daegu Hospital, Daegu; †Department of Pathology, Kosin University Graduate School, Busan; ‡Department of Orthodontics, Prettymiso Dental Clinics; and §Department of General Surgery, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
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Chen X, Song F, Jhamb D, Li J, Bottino MC, Palakal MJ, Stocum DL. The Axolotl Fibula as a Model for the Induction of Regeneration across Large Segment Defects in Long Bones of the Extremities. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130819. [PMID: 26098852 PMCID: PMC4476796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested the ability of the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) fibula to regenerate across segment defects of different size in the absence of intervention or after implant of a unique 8-braid pig small intestine submucosa (SIS) scaffold, with or without incorporated growth factor combinations or tissue protein extract. Fractures and defects of 10% and 20% of the total limb length regenerated well without any intervention, but 40% and 50% defects failed to regenerate after either simple removal of bone or implanting SIS scaffold alone. By contrast, scaffold soaked in the growth factor combination BMP-4/HGF or in protein extract of intact limb tissue promoted partial or extensive induction of cartilage and bone across 50% segment defects in 30%-33% of cases. These results show that BMP-4/HGF and intact tissue protein extract can promote the events required to induce cartilage and bone formation across a segment defect larger than critical size and that the long bones of axolotl limbs are an inexpensive model to screen soluble factors and natural and synthetic scaffolds for their efficacy in stimulating this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Fengyu Song
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Indiana-University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Deepali Jhamb
- School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jiliang Li
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Marco C. Bottino
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Indiana-University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Mathew J. Palakal
- School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - David L. Stocum
- Department of Biology, School of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Guillot R, Gilde F, Becquart P, Sailhan F, Lapeyrere A, Logeart-Avramoglou D, Picart C. The stability of BMP loaded polyelectrolyte multilayer coatings on titanium. Biomaterials 2013; 34:5737-46. [PMID: 23642539 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immobilization of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) onto material surfaces is a promising, but still challenging, strategy for achieving dependable and consistent osseointegration of long-term metal implants. In the present study, we have developed an osteoinductive coating of a porous titanium implant using biomimetic polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) films loaded with BMP-2. The amount of BMP-2 loaded in these films was tuned - over a large range - depending on the cross-linking extent of the film and of the BMP-2 initial concentration. The air-dried PEM films were stable for at least one year of storage at 4 °C. In addition, they resisted exposure to γ-irradiation at clinically approved doses. The preservation of the growth factor bioactivity upon long-term storage and sterilization were evaluated both in vitro (using C2C12 cells) and in vivo (in a rat ectopic model) for the perspective of industrial and clinical development. BMP-2 loaded in dried PEM films exhibited shelf-life stability over one year. However, their bioactivity in vitro decreased from 50 to 80% after irradiation depending on the γ-irradiation dose. Remarkably, the in vivo studies showed that the osteoinductive potential of BMP-2 contained in PEM-coated Ti implants was fully preserved after air-drying of the implants and sterilization at 25 kGy. Film drying or irradiation did not affect the amount of new bone tissue formation. This "off-the-shelf" novel technology of functionalized implants opens promising applications in prosthetic and tissue engineering fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Guillot
- UMR 5628 (LMGP), Grenoble Institute of Technology and CNRS, 3 Parvis Louis Néel, F-38016 Grenoble Cedex, France
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Busuttil Naudi K, Ayoub A, McMahon J, Di Silvio L, Lappin D, Hunter KD, Barbenel J. Mandibular reconstruction in the rabbit using beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolding and recombinant bone morphogenetic protein 7 (rhBMP-7) - histological, radiographic and mechanical evaluations. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2012; 40:e461-9. [PMID: 22507295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This investigation assesses the histological, radiographic and mechanical properties of regenerated bone in a unilateral critical-size osteoperiosteal mandibular continuity defect in the rabbit model, following the application of beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolding and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 7 (rhBMP-7). The study was carried out on nine cases; in six cases the critical-size defect was filled with rhBMP-7 in the β-TCP scaffolding, and in three cases the β-TCP was used alone. The cases were sacrificed 3 months post-operatively. Histologically the overall mean of the percentage of regenerated bone volume in the cases that received rhBMP-7 was 29.41% ± 6.25%, which was considerably greater than the 6.35% ± 3.08% in the cases treated with β-TCP alone. Mechanical testing of the cases treated with rhBMP-7 gave failure moments (55 mNm-2.040 Nm) that were consistently greater than those treated with β-TCP alone (0 mNm-48 mNm). In some cases the mechanical properties of the regenerated bone were comparable to those of untreated bone. RhBMP-7 in prefabricated β-TCP scaffolding appeared, radiographically and histologically, to be an effective method for bone regeneration in mandibular critical-size defects in the rabbit model. This points towards possible future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Busuttil Naudi
- Biotechnology & Craniofacial Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental Hospital, UK.
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Calcium Sulfate with Stearic Acid as an Encouraging Carrier for Reindeer Bone Protein Extract. MATERIALS 2011; 4:1321-1332. [PMID: 28824145 PMCID: PMC5448683 DOI: 10.3390/ma4071321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Various bone proteins and growth factors in specific concentrations are required for bone formation. If the body cannot produce sufficient quantities of these factors, bone trauma can be healed with an implant that includes the required factors in a carrier. This study was designed to evaluate various calcium salt candidates that can be used as carrier with reindeer bone protein extract to induce ectopic bone formation in the muscle pouch model of mouse. The bone protein extract was either impregnated into the disc form of carrier or mixed with carrier powder before implantation. The radiographic analysis indicated increased bone formation in all of the active groups containing the bone protein extract compared to the controls within 21 days follow-up. The highest bone formation was seen in the group with calcium sulfate with stearic acid where new bone and calcified cartilage were clearly visible. The greatest bone formation occurred in the groups that had bone protein extract readily available. This indicates that the bone forming factors in sufficient concentrations are required at the early stage of bone formation. The calcium sulfate with stearic acid was the most suitable and effective carrier for reindeer bone protein extract.
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Tölli H, Kujala S, Jämsä T, Jalovaara P. Reindeer bone extract can heal the critical-size rat femur defect. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2010; 35:615-22. [PMID: 20454894 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-010-1034-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bone extract from reindeer induces new ectopic bone formation (BF) in muscle pouches, but its feasibility in experimental bone lesions has not been evaluated. We investigated the effects of implants, containing 2, 5, 15, 20 or 50 mg of reindeer bone extract in a collagen carrier, on the healing of 8-mm femur defects in 78 rats. We used 30 µg of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in a collagen carrier, collagen and untreated defects as controls. Bone healing was evaluated with radiographs, peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), biomechanics and histology. In comparison with empty defects, the groups receiving bone extracts showed more BF at three weeks and had better bone union (BU), larger mean cross-sectional bone area at the defect site in groups receiving higher doses of extract, showed greater torsional stiffness of the bones and higher maximum breaking load of bones at six weeks. In comparison to all other groups, in the rhBMP-2 group, BF and BU were best at the three- and six-week follow-up, bone area was largest and mechanical test results were best. Although rhBMP-2 is superior for new bone regeneration, native reindeer bone extract is also effective in the six-week follow-up period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Tölli
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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Tölli H, Kujala S, Levonen K, Jämsä T, Jalovaara P. Bioglass as a carrier for reindeer bone protein extract in the healing of rat femur defect. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2010; 21:1677-1684. [PMID: 20162331 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-010-4017-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2009] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive glasses have been developed as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering but combination with reindeer bone protein extract has not been evaluated. We investigated the effects of bone protein extract implants (5-40 mg dosages) with bioglass (BG) carrier on the healing of rat femur defects. Bioglass implants and untreated defects served as controls. All doses of extract increased bone formation compared with the control groups, and bone union was enhanced with doses of 10 mg or more. In comparison with untreated defect, mean cross-sectional bone area at the defect site was greater when implants with BG + 15 mg of extract or bioglass alone were used, bone density at the defect site was higher in all bioglass groups with and without bone extract, and the BG + 15 mg extract dosage marginally increased bone torsional stiffness in mechanical testing. Bioglass performed well as a carrier candidate for reindeer bone protein extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Tölli
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University of Oulu, FIN-90014, Oulu, Finland.
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Wojtowicz AM, Shekaran A, Oest ME, Dupont KM, Templeman KL, Hutmacher DW, Guldberg RE, García AJ. Coating of biomaterial scaffolds with the collagen-mimetic peptide GFOGER for bone defect repair. Biomaterials 2009; 31:2574-82. [PMID: 20056517 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Accepted: 12/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Healing large bone defects and non-unions remains a significant clinical problem. Current treatments, consisting of auto and allografts, are limited by donor supply and morbidity, insufficient bioactivity and risk of infection. Biotherapeutics, including cells, genes and proteins, represent promising alternative therapies, but these strategies are limited by technical roadblocks to biotherapeutic delivery, cell sourcing, high cost, and regulatory hurdles. In the present study, the collagen-mimetic peptide, GFOGER, was used to coat synthetic PCL scaffolds to promote bone formation in critically-sized segmental defects in rats. GFOGER is a synthetic triple helical peptide that binds to the alpha(2)beta(1) integrin receptor involved in osteogenesis. GFOGER coatings passively adsorbed onto polymeric scaffolds, in the absence of exogenous cells or growth factors, significantly accelerated and increased bone formation in non-healing femoral defects compared to uncoated scaffolds and empty defects. Despite differences in bone volume, no differences in torsional strength were detected after 12 weeks, indicating that bone mass but not bone quality was improved in this model. This work demonstrates a simple, cell/growth factor-free strategy to promote bone formation in challenging, non-healing bone defects. This biomaterial coating strategy represents a cost-effective and facile approach, translatable into a robust clinical therapy for musculoskeletal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail M Wojtowicz
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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