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Wong CB, Huang H, Ning Y, Xiao J. Probiotics in the New Era of Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs): HMO Utilization and Beneficial Effects of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis M-63 on Infant Health. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1014. [PMID: 38792843 PMCID: PMC11124435 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12051014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
A healthy gut microbiome is crucial for the immune system and overall development of infants. Bifidobacterium has been known to be a predominant species in the infant gut; however, an emerging concern is the apparent loss of this genus, in particular, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis (B. infantis) in the gut microbiome of infants in industrialized nations, underscoring the importance of restoring this beneficial bacterium. With the growing understanding of the gut microbiome, probiotics, especially infant-type human-residential bifidobacteria (HRB) strains like B. infantis, are gaining prominence for their unique ability to utilize HMOs and positively influence infant health. This article delves into the physiology of a probiotic strain, B. infantis M-63, its symbiotic relationship with HMOs, and its potential in improving gastrointestinal and allergic conditions in infants and children. Moreover, this article critically assesses the role of HMOs and the emerging trend of supplementing infant formulas with the prebiotic HMOs, which serve as fuel for beneficial gut bacteria, thereby emulating the protective effects of breastfeeding. The review highlights the potential of combining B. infantis M-63 with HMOs as a feasible strategy to improve health outcomes in infants and children, acknowledging the complexities and requirements for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chyn Boon Wong
- International Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-2, Higashi Shimbashi 1-Chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-7122, Japan
| | - Huidong Huang
- Nutrition Research Institute, Junlebao Dairy Group Co., Ltd., 36 Shitong Road, Shijiazhuang 050221, China
| | - Yibing Ning
- Nutrition Research Institute, Junlebao Dairy Group Co., Ltd., 36 Shitong Road, Shijiazhuang 050221, China
| | - Jinzhong Xiao
- Morinaga Milk Industry (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Room 509 Longemont Yes Tower, No. 369 Kaixuan Road, Changning District, Shanghai 200050, China
- Department of Microbiota Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Research Center for Probiotics, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China
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Park UJ, Jeong HI, Kim KH. Comparison of Effectiveness of Manual Therapy for Infant Crying: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Pharmacopuncture 2023; 26:285-297. [PMID: 38162473 PMCID: PMC10739473 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2023.26.4.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess and compare the effectiveness of manual therapy in alleviating infant crying, a common symptom of nocturnal crying (NC) and infantile colic (IC). Methods Total effective rate, crying time and adverse events were used as outcome indicators. To assess the quality, the risk of bias was determined for each study by two authors, using the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool. RevMan 5.0 was used for data analysis. A total of 98 articles were identified from 6 electronic databases. Results Among them, twenty-seven studies which included 13 NC and 14 IC were included. Meta-analysis showed favorable effects tuina therapy on total effective rate (TER) of NC (RR 1.20 [95% CI 1.05 to 1.37], p = 0.007), chiropractic therapy on crying time change of IC (SMD -0.83 [95% CI -1.61 to -0.06], p = 0.04) and massage on total crying time of IC (SMD -0.86 [95% CI -1.09 to -0.63], p < 0.00001). This systematic review compares different manual therapies for the treatment of NC and IC. While tuina, chiropractic, and massage show results in alleviating symptoms, the overall evidence remains limited due to the low quality and heterogeneity of the included studies. Conclusion Therefore, further high-quality research with unified control groups is needed to establish manual therapy as a recommended treatment option for NC and IC. Protocol registration number is CRD42022348143 01/08/2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ui Jin Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye In Jeong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Han Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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3
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Di Cesare F, Calgaro M, Ghini V, Squarzanti DF, De Prisco A, Visciglia A, Zanetta P, Rolla R, Savoia P, Amoruso A, Azzimonti B, Vitulo N, Tenori L, Luchinat C, Pane M. Exploring the Effects of Probiotic Treatment on Urinary and Serum Metabolic Profiles in Healthy Individuals. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:3866-3878. [PMID: 37970754 PMCID: PMC10696601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer health benefits when administered in adequate amounts. They are used to promote gut health and alleviate various disorders. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the potential effects of probiotics on human physiology. In the presented study, the effects of probiotic treatment on the metabolic profiles of human urine and serum using a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabonomic approach were investigated. Twenty-one healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study, and they received two different dosages of probiotics for 8 weeks. During the study, urine and serum samples were collected from volunteers before and during probiotic supplementation. The results showed that probiotics had a significant impact on the urinary and serum metabolic profiles without altering their phenotypes. This study demonstrated the effects of probiotics in terms of variations of metabolite levels resulting also from the different probiotic posology. Overall, the results suggest that probiotic administration may affect both urine and serum metabolomes, although more research is needed to understand the mechanisms and clinical implications of these effects. NMR-based metabonomic analysis of biofluids is a powerful tool for monitoring host-gut microflora dynamic interaction as well as for assessing the individual response to probiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Di Cesare
- Magnetic
Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze 50019, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Matteo Calgaro
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie, 15, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Veronica Ghini
- Magnetic
Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze 50019, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Diletta Francesca Squarzanti
- Department
of Health Sciences (DiSS), University of
Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli, 17, Novara 28100, Italy
- Center
for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD),
Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), University
of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Corso Trieste, 15, Novara 28100, Italy
| | | | | | - Paola Zanetta
- Department
of Health Sciences (DiSS), University of
Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli, 17, Novara 28100, Italy
- Center
for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD),
Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), University
of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Corso Trieste, 15, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Roberta Rolla
- Department
of Health Sciences (DiSS), University of
Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli, 17, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Paola Savoia
- Department
of Health Sciences (DiSS), University of
Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli, 17, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Angela Amoruso
- Probiotical
Research Srl, Via Enrico
Mattei, 3, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Barbara Azzimonti
- Department
of Health Sciences (DiSS), University of
Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Via Solaroli, 17, Novara 28100, Italy
- Center
for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD),
Department of Health Sciences (DiSS), University
of Piemonte Orientale (UPO), Corso Trieste, 15, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Nicola Vitulo
- Department
of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie, 15, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Leonardo Tenori
- Magnetic
Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze 50019, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
- Consorzio
Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche MetalloProteine (CIRMMP), Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze 50019, Italy
| | - Claudio Luchinat
- Consorzio
Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche MetalloProteine (CIRMMP), Via Luigi Sacconi 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze 50019, Italy
- Giotto
Biotech S.r.l., Via Madonna
del Piano, 6, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze 50019, Italy
| | - Marco Pane
- Probiotical
Research Srl, Via Enrico
Mattei, 3, Novara 28100, Italy
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García-Santos JA, Nieto-Ruiz A, García-Ricobaraza M, Cerdó T, Campoy C. Impact of Probiotics on the Prevention and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Diseases in the Pediatric Population. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119427. [PMID: 37298377 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the high prevalence of gastrointestinal disorders (GIDs) in infants and children, especially those categorized as functional GIDs (FGIDs), insufficient knowledge about their pathophysiology has limited both symptomatic diagnosis and the development of optimal therapies. Recent advances in the field of probiotics have made their potential use as an interesting therapeutic and preventive strategy against these disorders possible, but further efforts are still needed. In fact, there is great controversy surrounding this topic, generated by the high variety of potential probiotics strains with plausible therapeutic utility, the lack of consensus in their use as well as the few comparative studies available on probiotics that record their efficacy. Taking into account these limitations, and in the absence of clear guidelines about the dose and timeframe for successful probiotic therapy, our review aimed to evaluate current studies on potential use of probiotics for the prevention and treatment of the most common FGIDs and GIDs in the pediatric population. Furthermore, matters referring to know major action pathways and key safety recommendations for probiotic administration proposed by major pediatric health agencies shall also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio García-Santos
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento 19, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs-GRANADA), Health Sciences Technological Park, Avda. de Madrid 15, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Nieto-Ruiz
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento 19, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs-GRANADA), Health Sciences Technological Park, Avda. de Madrid 15, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - María García-Ricobaraza
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento 19, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs-GRANADA), Health Sciences Technological Park, Avda. de Madrid 15, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Tomás Cerdó
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Av. Menéndez Pidal, s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Cristina Campoy
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. Investigación 11, 18016 Granada, Spain
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Paediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Avda del Conocimiento 19, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs-GRANADA), Health Sciences Technological Park, Avda. de Madrid 15, 18012 Granada, Spain
- Spanish Network of Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Granada's Node, Carlos III Health Institute, Avda. Monforte de Lemos 5, 28028 Madrid, Spain
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Chandran D, Warren K, McKeone D, Hicks SD. The Association between Infant Colic and the Multi-Omic Composition of Human Milk. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030559. [PMID: 36979494 PMCID: PMC10046316 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Infant colic is a common condition with unclear biologic underpinnings and limited treatment options. We hypothesized that complex molecular networks within human milk (i.e., microbes, micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs), cytokines) would contribute to colic risk, while controlling for medical, social, and nutritional variables. This hypothesis was tested in a cohort of 182 breastfed infants, assessed with a modified Infant Colic Scale at 1 month. RNA sequencing was used to interrogate microbial and miRNA features. Luminex assays were used to measure growth factors and cytokines. Milk from mothers of infants with colic (n = 28) displayed higher levels of Staphylococcus (adj. p = 0.038, d = 0.30), miR-224-3p (adj. p = 0.023, d = 0.33), miR-125b-5p (adj. p = 0.028, d = 0.29), let-7a-5p (adj. p = 0.028, d = 0.27), and miR-205-5p (adj. p = 0.029, d = 0.26) compared to milk from non-colic mother-infant dyads (n = 154). Colic symptom severity was directly associated with milk hepatocyte growth factor levels (R = 0.21, p = 0.025). A regression model involving let-7a-5p, miR-29a-3p, and Lactobacillus accurately modeled colic risk (X2 = 16.7, p = 0.001). Molecular factors within human milk may impact colic risk, and provide support for a dysbiotic/inflammatory model of colic pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desirae Chandran
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Warren
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Daniel McKeone
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Steven D Hicks
- Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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Hofman D, Kudla U, Miqdady M, Nguyen TVH, Morán-Ramos S, Vandenplas Y. Faecal Microbiota in Infants and Young Children with Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:974. [PMID: 35267949 PMCID: PMC8912645 DOI: 10.3390/nu14050974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) refer to gastrointestinal tract issues that lack clear structural or biochemical causes. Their pathophysiology is still unclear, but gut microbiota alterations are thought to play an important role. This systematic review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the faecal microbiota of infants and young children with FGIDs compared to healthy controls. A systematic search and screening of the literature resulted in the inclusion of thirteen full texts. Most papers reported on infantile colic, only one studied functional constipation. Despite methodological limitations, data show alterations in microbial diversity, stability, and colonisation patterns in colicky infants compared to healthy controls. Several studies (eight) reported increases in species of (pathogenic) Proteobacteria, and some studies (six) reported a decrease in (beneficial) bacteria such as Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria. In addition, accumulation of related metabolites, as well as low-grade inflammation, might play a role in the pathophysiology of infantile colic. Infants and toddlers with functional constipation had significantly lower levels of Lactobacilli in their stools compared to controls. Microbial dysbiosis and related changes in metabolites may be inherent to FGIDs. There is a need for more standardised methods within research of faecal microbiota in FGIDs to obtain a more comprehensive picture and understanding of infant and childhood FGIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Hofman
- FrieslandCampina, Stationsplein 1, 3818 LE Amersfoort, The Netherlands;
| | - Urszula Kudla
- FrieslandCampina, Stationsplein 1, 3818 LE Amersfoort, The Netherlands;
| | - Mohamad Miqdady
- Ped. GI, Hepatology & Nutrition Division, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, P.O. Box 51900, Abu Dhabi 51133, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Thi Viet Ha Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 116001, Vietnam;
| | - Sofía Morán-Ramos
- Unidad de Genomica de Poblaciones, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica, Mexico City 14610, Mexico;
| | - Yvan Vandenplas
- Paediatric Gastro-Enterology and Nutrition, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, UZ Brussel, KidZ Health Castle, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
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Zeinali LI, Giuliano S, Lakshminrusimha S, Underwood MA. Intestinal Dysbiosis in the Infant and the Future of Lacto-Engineering to Shape the Developing Intestinal Microbiome. Clin Ther 2021; 44:193-214.e1. [PMID: 34922744 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this study was to review the role of human milk in shaping the infant intestinal microbiota and the potential of human milk bioactive molecules to reverse trends of increasing intestinal dysbiosis and dysbiosis-associated diseases. METHODS This narrative review was based on recent and historic literature. FINDINGS Human milk immunoglobulins, oligosaccharides, lactoferrin, lysozyme, milk fat globule membranes, and bile salt-stimulating lipase are complex multifunctional bioactive molecules that, among other important functions, shape the composition of the infant intestinal microbiota. IMPLICATIONS The co-evolution of human milk components and human milk-consuming commensal anaerobes many thousands of years ago resulted in a stable low-diversity infant microbiota. Over the past century, the introduction of antibiotics and modern hygiene practices plus changes in the care of newborns have led to significant alterations in the intestinal microbiota, with associated increases in risk of dysbiosis-associated disease. A better understanding of mechanisms by which human milk shapes the intestinal microbiota of the infant during a vulnerable period of development of the immune system is needed to alter the current trajectory and decrease intestinal dysbiosis and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida I Zeinali
- Department of Pediatrics, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Mark A Underwood
- Department of Pediatrics, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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Margolis KG, Cryan JF, Mayer EA. The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: From Motility to Mood. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:1486-1501. [PMID: 33493503 PMCID: PMC8634751 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 118.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The gut-brain axis plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis. Many intrinsic and extrinsic factors influence signaling along this axis, modulating the function of both the enteric and central nervous systems. More recently the role of the microbiome as an important factor in modulating gut-brain signaling has emerged and the concept of a microbiota-gut-brain axis has been established. In this review, we highlight the role of this axis in modulating enteric and central nervous system function and how this may impact disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome and disorders of mood and affect. We examine the overlapping biological constructs that underpin these disorders with a special emphasis on the neurotransmitter serotonin, which plays a key role in both the gastrointestinal tract and in the brain. Overall, it is clear that although animal studies have shown much promise, more progress is necessary before these findings can be translated for diagnostic and therapeutic benefit in patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara G. Margolis
- Department of Pediatrics, Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY,Corresponding author:
| | - John F. Cryan
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland, APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Emeran A. Mayer
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, Vachte and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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