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Blasi L, Sabbatini D, Fortuna A, Querin G, Martinelli I, Vianello S, Bertolin C, Pareyson D, Pennuto M, Pegoraro E, Bello L, Sorarù G. The value of serum creatinine as biomarker of disease progression in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA). Sci Rep 2023; 13:17311. [PMID: 37828349 PMCID: PMC10570332 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44419-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum creatinine has been indicated as a potential marker of motor function in SBMA and results form previous longitudinal studies pointed to its decline over time. This is a longitudinal retrospective study investigating creatinine changes over a 36-month-period in 73 patients with SBMA. Severity and progression of the disease was assessed according to serum creatine kinase (CK) values, manual muscle testing (MMT), SBMA functional rating scale (SBMAFRS) score, 6-min-walk test (6MWT) value, and spirometry (forced vital capacity, fVC%) obtained at the baseline and at each of the annual follow-up visits. Baseline serum creatinine concentrations positively correlated with 6MWT, the MMT megascore score of both the upper (ULM) and lower (LLM) limbs and SBMAFRS. No correlation was found with CK or fVC% values. Similar correlation results were achieved at all the subsequent time points. Longitudinal assessments conducted by the generalized estimating equations (GEE) method returned significant changes for SBMAFRS (- 1.41 points per year, p < 0.001), ULM and LLM (- 0.69, p = 0.01; and - 1.07, p < 0.001, respectively), 6MWT (- 47 m, p < 0.001) but not for creatinine (- 0.82, p > 0.05). We also observed that creatinine levels at baseline did not correlate with changes in the other measures from baseline at each annual visit. Our data do not support a role for serum creatinine as sensitive biomarker of disease progression, and possibily prognosis, in SBMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Blasi
- Department of Neurosciences, Neuromuscular Center, University of Padova, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Daniele Sabbatini
- Department of Neurosciences, Neuromuscular Center, University of Padova, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Fortuna
- Department of Neurosciences, Neuromuscular Center, University of Padova, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Giorgia Querin
- Department of Neurosciences, Neuromuscular Center, University of Padova, 35128, Padua, Italy
- Institut de Myologie, I-Motion Adult ClinicalTrials Platform, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Ilaria Martinelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Neuromuscular Center, University of Padova, 35128, Padua, Italy
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Sara Vianello
- Department of Neurosciences, Neuromuscular Center, University of Padova, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Cinzia Bertolin
- Department of Neurosciences, Neuromuscular Center, University of Padova, 35128, Padua, Italy
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova, IRP Città Della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Davide Pareyson
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Unit of Rare Neurodegenerative and Neurometabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Pennuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Pegoraro
- Department of Neurosciences, Neuromuscular Center, University of Padova, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Bello
- Department of Neurosciences, Neuromuscular Center, University of Padova, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Gianni Sorarù
- Department of Neurosciences, Neuromuscular Center, University of Padova, 35128, Padua, Italy.
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2
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Krause K, Eggers B, Uszkoreit J, Eulitz S, Rehmann R, Güttsches AK, Schreiner A, van der Ven PFM, Fürst DO, Marcus K, Vorgerd M, Kley RA. Target formation in muscle fibres indicates reinnervation - A proteomic study in muscle samples from peripheral neuropathies. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2023; 49:e12853. [PMID: 36180966 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Target skeletal muscle fibres - defined by different concentric areas in oxidative enzyme staining - can occur in patients with neurogenic muscular atrophy. Here, we used our established hypothesis-free proteomic approach with the aim of deciphering the protein composition of targets. We also searched for potential novel interactions between target proteins. METHODS Targets and control areas were laser microdissected from skeletal muscle sections of 20 patients with neurogenic muscular atrophy. Samples were analysed by a highly sensitive mass spectrometry approach, enabling relative protein quantification. The results were validated by immunofluorescence studies. Protein interactions were investigated by yeast two-hybrid assays, coimmunoprecipitation experiments and bimolecular fluorescence complementation. RESULTS More than 1000 proteins were identified. Among these, 55 proteins were significantly over-represented and 40 proteins were significantly under-represented in targets compared to intraindividual control samples. The majority of over-represented proteins were associated with the myofibrillar Z-disc and actin dynamics, followed by myosin and myosin-associated proteins, proteins involved in protein biosynthesis and chaperones. Under-represented proteins were mainly mitochondrial proteins. Functional studies revealed that the LIM domain of the over-represented protein LIMCH1 interacts with isoform A of Xin actin-binding repeat-containing protein 1 (XinA). CONCLUSIONS In particular, proteins involved in myofibrillogenesis are over-represented in target structures, which indicate an ongoing process of sarcomere assembly and/or remodelling within this specific area of the muscle fibres. We speculate that target structures are the result of reinnervation processes in which filamin C-associated myofibrillogenesis is tightly regulated by the BAG3-associated protein quality system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Krause
- Department of Neurology, Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Britta Eggers
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Medical Proteome Analysis, Center for Protein Diagnostics (PRODI), Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Julian Uszkoreit
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Medical Proteome Analysis, Center for Protein Diagnostics (PRODI), Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stefan Eulitz
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Robert Rehmann
- Department of Neurology, Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Anne K Güttsches
- Department of Neurology, Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Anja Schreiner
- Department of Neurology, Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Dieter O Fürst
- Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katrin Marcus
- Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Medical Proteome Analysis, Center for Protein Diagnostics (PRODI), Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Matthias Vorgerd
- Department of Neurology, Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Rudolf A Kley
- Department of Neurology, Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Marien-Hospital Borken, Borken, Germany
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3
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Bell LC, Fuentes AE, Healey DR, Chao R, Bakkar N, Sirianni RW, Medina DX, Bowser RP, Ladha SS, Semmineh NB, Stokes AM, Quarles CC. Longitudinal evaluation of myofiber microstructural changes in a preclinical ALS model using the transverse relaxivity at tracer equilibrium (TRATE): A preliminary study. Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 85:217-221. [PMID: 34715291 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2021.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
T2⁎ relaxivity contrast imaging may serve as a potential imaging biomarker for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) by noninvasively quantifying the tissue microstructure. In this preliminary longitudinal study, we investigated the Transverse Relaxivity at Tracer Equilibrium (TRATE) in three muscle groups between SOD1-G93A (ALS model) rat and a control population at two different timepoints. The control group was time matched to the ALS group such that the second timepoint was the onset of disease. We observed a statistically significant decrease in TRATE over time in the gastrocnemius, tibialis, and digital flexor muscles in the SOD1-G93A model (p-value = 0.003, 0.008, 0.005; respectively), whereas TRATE did not change over time in the control group (p-value = 0.4777, 0.6837, 0.9682; respectively). Immunofluorescent staining revealed a decrease in minimum fiber area and cell density in the SOD1-G93A model when compared to the control group (p-value = 6.043E-10 and 2.265E-10, respectively). These microstructural changes observed from histology align with the theorized biophysical properties of TRATE. We demonstrate that TRATE can longitudinally differentiate disease associated atrophy from healthy muscle and has potential to serve as a biomarker for disease progression and ultimately therapy response in patients with ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Bell
- Division of Neuroimaging Research, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Alberto E Fuentes
- Division of Neuroimaging Research, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Deborah R Healey
- Division of Neuroimaging Research, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Renee Chao
- Division of Neuroimaging Research, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Nadine Bakkar
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Rachael W Sirianni
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - David X Medina
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Robert P Bowser
- Division of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America; Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Shafeeq S Ladha
- Division of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Natenael B Semmineh
- Division of Neuroimaging Research, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Ashley M Stokes
- Division of Neuroimaging Research, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - C Chad Quarles
- Division of Neuroimaging Research, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America.
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McCombe PA, Garton FC, Katz M, Wray NR, Henderson RD. What do we know about the variability in survival of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? Expert Rev Neurother 2020; 20:921-941. [PMID: 32569484 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2020.1785873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION ALS is a fatal neurodegenerative disease. However, patients show variability in the length of survival after symptom onset. Understanding the mechanisms of long survival could lead to possible avenues for therapy. AREAS COVERED This review surveys the reported length of survival in ALS, the clinical features that predict survival in individual patients, and possible factors, particularly genetic factors, that could cause short or long survival. The authors also speculate on possible mechanisms. EXPERT OPINION a small number of known factors can explain some variability in ALS survival. However, other disease-modifying factors likely exist. Factors that alter motor neurone vulnerability and immune, metabolic, and muscle function could affect survival by modulating the disease process. Knowing these factors could lead to interventions to change the course of the disease. The authors suggest a broad approach is needed to quantify the proportion of variation survival attributable to genetic and non-genetic factors and to identify and estimate the effect size of specific factors. Studies of this nature could not only identify novel avenues for therapeutic research but also play an important role in clinical trial design and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela A McCombe
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital , Brisbane, Australia
| | - Fleur C Garton
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Australia
| | - Matthew Katz
- Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital , Brisbane, Australia
| | - Naomi R Wray
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Australia.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robert D Henderson
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Australia
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de Vries BS, Rustemeijer LMM, Bakker LA, Schröder CD, Veldink JH, van den Berg LH, Nijboer TCW, van Es MA. Cognitive and behavioural changes in PLS and PMA:challenging the concept of restricted phenotypes. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2019; 90:141-147. [PMID: 30076267 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2018-318788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cognitive and behavioural changes within the spectrum of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are observed frequently in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Whether these changes also occur in other forms of motor neuron disease (MND) is not well studied. We therefore systemically screened a large cohort of patients with primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) and progressive muscular atrophy (PMA) for cognitive and behavioural changes, and subsequently compared our findings with a cohort of patients with ALS. METHODS Using a set of screening instruments (Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen, ALS and Frontotemporal Dementia Questionnaire, Frontal Assessment Battery, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), the presence of cognitive and behavioural changes as well as anxiety and depression in 277 patients with ALS, 75 patients with PLS and 143 patients with PMA was evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS We found a high frequency of cognitive and behavioural abnormalities with similar profiles in all three groups. Subjects with behavioural variant FTD were identified in all groups. CONCLUSIONS The percentage of patients with PLS and PMA with cognitive dysfunction was similar to patients with ALS, emphasising the importance for cognitive screening as part of routine clinical care in all three patient groups. With a similar cognitive profile, in line with genetic and clinical overlap between the MNDs, the view of PLS as an MND exclusively affecting upper motor neurons and PMA exclusively affecting lower motor neurons cannot be held. Therefore, our findings are in contrast to the recently revised El Escorial criteria of 2015, where PLS and PMA are described as restricted phenotypes. Our study favours a view of PLS and PMA as multidomain diseases similar to ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bálint S de Vries
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Laura M M Rustemeijer
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leonhard A Bakker
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carin D Schröder
- Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Ecare4you, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H Veldink
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leonard H van den Berg
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja C W Nijboer
- Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michael A van Es
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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6
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Canine degenerative myelopathy: a model of human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. ZOOLOGY 2016; 119:64-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Rinaldi C, Malik B, Greensmith L. Targeted Molecular Therapies for SBMA. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 58:335-42. [PMID: 26576772 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0676-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is a late-onset neuromuscular disease caused by a polyglutamine expansion in the androgen receptor gene which results in progressive spinal and bulbar motor neuron degeneration, and muscle atrophy. Although the causative genetic defect is known, until recently, the molecular pathogenesis of the disease was unclear, resulting in few, if any, targets for therapy development. However, over the past decade, our understanding of the pathomechanisms that play a role in SBMA has increased dramatically, and several of these pathways and mechanisms have now been investigated as possible therapeutic targets. In this review, we discuss some of the key pathomechanisms implicated in SBMA and describe some of the therapeutic strategies that have been tested in SBMA to date, which fall into four main categories: (i) gene silencing; (ii) protein quality control and/or increased protein degradation; (iii) androgen deprivation; and (iv) modulation of AR function. Finally, it is also now clear that in addition to a greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie disease, the development of an effective disease modifying therapy for SBMA will require the coordinated, collaborative effort of research teams with diverse areas of expertise, clinicians, pharmaceutical companies as well as patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Rinaldi
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK.
| | - Bilal Malik
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Linda Greensmith
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
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8
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Morgan BR, Coates JR, Johnson GC, Bujnak AC, Katz ML. Characterization of intercostal muscle pathology in canine degenerative myelopathy: a disease model for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurosci Res 2013; 91:1639-50. [PMID: 24043596 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Dogs homozygous for missense mutations in the SOD1 gene develop a late-onset neuromuscular disorder called degenerative myelopathy (DM) that has many similarities to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Both disorders are characterized by widespread progressive declines in motor functions, accompanied by atrophic changes in the descending spinal cord tracts. Some forms of ALS are also associated with SOD1 mutations. In end-stage ALS, death usually occurs as a result of respiratory failure from severe functional impairment of respiratory muscles. The mechanisms that lead to this loss of function are not known. Dogs with DM are euthanized at all stages of disease progression, providing an opportunity to characterize the onset and progression of any pathological changes in the respiratory muscles that may precede respiratory failure. To characterize such potential disease-related pathology, we evaluated intercostal muscles from Boxer and Pembroke Welsh Corgi dogs that were euthanized at various stages of DM disease progression. DM was found to result in intercostal muscle atrophy, fibrosis, increased variability in muscle fiber size and shape, and alteration in muscle fiber type composition. This pathology was not accompanied by retraction of the motor neuron terminals from the muscle acetylcholine receptor complexes, suggesting that the muscle atrophy did not result from physical denervation. These findings provide a better understanding of the mechanisms that likely lead to respiratory failure in at least some forms of ALS and will be useful in the development and evaluation of potential therapeutic interventions using the DM model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandie R Morgan
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
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Joyce NC, Oskarsson B, Jin LW. Muscle biopsy evaluation in neuromuscular disorders. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2013; 23:609-31. [PMID: 22938878 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the indications for a muscle biopsy, and then gives a step-by-step description of the processes of muscle selection through to interpreting the biopsy report. The article aims to aid the clinician in preparing for a muscle biopsy procedure to avoid common pitfalls and obtain optimal results from this minimally invasive procedure. The basic anatomic structure of normal muscle is reviewed to provide a foundation for understanding common patterns of pathologic change observed in muscle disease and common and disease-specific histopathologic findings are presented, focusing on a select group of neuromuscular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanette C Joyce
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California Davis School of Medicine, 4860 Y Street, Suite 3850, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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10
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Use of Bayesian MUNE to show differing rate of loss of motor units in subgroups of ALS. Clin Neurophysiol 2012; 123:2446-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2012.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Acevedo-Arozena A, Kalmar B, Essa S, Ricketts T, Joyce P, Kent R, Rowe C, Parker A, Gray A, Hafezparast M, Thorpe JR, Greensmith L, Fisher EMC. A comprehensive assessment of the SOD1G93A low-copy transgenic mouse, which models human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Dis Model Mech 2011; 4:686-700. [PMID: 21540242 PMCID: PMC3180233 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.007237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that results in the death of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. The disorder generally strikes in mid-life, relentlessly leading to paralysis and death, typically 3-5 years after diagnosis. No effective treatments are available. Up to 10% of ALS is familial, usually autosomal dominant. Several causative genes are known and, of these, mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) is by far the most frequently found, accounting for up to 20% of familial ALS. A range of human mutant SOD1 transgenic mouse strains has been produced, and these largely successfully model the human disease. Of these, the most widely used is the SOD1 mouse, which expresses a human SOD1 transgene with a causative G93A mutation. This mouse model is excellent for many purposes but carries up to 25 copies of the transgene and produces a great excess of SOD1 protein, which might affect our interpretation of disease processes. A variant of this strain carries a deletion of the transgene array such that the copy number is dropped to eight to ten mutant SOD1 genes. This 'deleted' 'low-copy' mouse undergoes a slower course of disease, over many months. Here we have carried out a comprehensive analysis of phenotype, including nerve and muscle physiology and histology, to add to our knowledge of this 'deleted' strain and give baseline data for future studies. We find differences in phenotype that arise from genetic background and sex, and we quantify the loss of nerve and muscle function over time. The slowly progressive pathology observed in this mouse strain could provide us with a more appropriate model for studying early-stage pathological processes in ALS and aid the development of therapies for early-stage treatments.
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Sorarù G, Ermani M, Logroscino G, Palmieri A, D' Ascenzo C, Orsetti V, Volpe M, Cima V, Zara G, Pegoraro E, Angelini C. Natural history of upper motor neuron-dominant ALS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 11:424-9. [DOI: 10.3109/17482960903300867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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