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Adil S, Banday MT, Hussain SA, Wani MA, Al-Olayan E, Patra AK, Rasool S, Gani A, Sheikh IU, Khan AA, Muzamil S. Impact of Nanoencapsulated Rosemary Essential Oil as a Novel Feed Additive on Growth Performance, Nutrient Utilization, Carcass Traits, Meat Quality and Gene Expression of Broiler Chicken. Foods 2024; 13:1515. [PMID: 38790815 PMCID: PMC11121394 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of free and nanoencapsulated rosemary essential oil (REO) as an antibiotic alternative in broiler diets on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass traits, meat quality and gene expression. Four hundred twenty day-old commercial broiler chicks (VENCOBB) were randomly allocated to seven dietary treatments, each having four replicates of fifteen chicks. The dietary treatments comprised control (CON) fed a basal diet only, AB (basal diet + 10 mg enramycin/kg), CS (basal diet + 150 mg chitosan nanoparticles/kg), REOF100 and REOF200 (basal diet + 100 mg and 200 mg free REO/kg, respectively), and REON100 and REON200 (basal diet + 100 mg and 200 mg nanoencapsulated REO/kg, respectively). Overall (7-42 d), REON200 showed the highest (p < 0.001) body weight gain (1899 g/bird) and CON had the lowest gain (1742 g/bird), while the CS, REOF100 and REOF200 groups had a similar gain, but lower than that of the AB and REON100 groups. Feed intake was not affected by dietary treatments. Overall, the feed efficiency increased (p = 0.001) by 8.47% in the REON200 group and 6.21% in the AB and REON100 groups compared with the CON. Supplementation of REO improved (p < 0.05) dry matter and crude protein digestibility, with the highest values in REON100 and REON200. Ether extract, crude fiber, calcium and phosphorus digestibility values showed no difference among the groups. The dressing, breast, thigh % increased (p < 0.05) and abdominal fat % decreased (p < 0.001) more in the REON200 group than with other treatments and CON. In breast meat quality, water holding capacity and extract reserve volume increased (p < 0.05) while drip loss and cholesterol content decreased (p < 0.05) in REON100 and REON200. No change was observed in the breast meat color among dietary treatments and CON. The REON100 and REON200 groups had reduced (p < 0.05) meat lipid peroxidation as depicted by the decreased levels of TBARS, free fatty acids and peroxide value compared to other treatments and CON. The expression of the Mucin 2, PepT1 and IL-10 genes was upregulated (p < 0.001) and TNF-α downregulated (p < 0.001) by dietary addition of REO particularly in the nanoencapsulated form compared with the CON. In conclusion, nanoencapsulated REO, especially at 200 mg/kg diet, showed promising results as an antibiotic alternative in improving the performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass traits, meat quality and upregulation of growth and anti-inflammatory genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Adil
- Division of Livestock Production and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology (Kashmir), Jammu & Kashmir, Shuhama 190006, India (M.A.W.); (I.U.S.)
| | - Mohammad T. Banday
- Division of Livestock Production and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology (Kashmir), Jammu & Kashmir, Shuhama 190006, India (M.A.W.); (I.U.S.)
| | - Syed A. Hussain
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology (Kashmir), Jammu & Kashmir, Shuhama 190006, India;
| | - Manzoor A. Wani
- Division of Livestock Production and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology (Kashmir), Jammu & Kashmir, Shuhama 190006, India (M.A.W.); (I.U.S.)
| | - Ebtesam Al-Olayan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amlan K. Patra
- American Institute for Goat Research, School of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Langston University, Langston, OK 73050, USA
| | - Shahid Rasool
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Field Station, Bonera, Pulwama 192301, India
| | - Adil Gani
- Department of Food Technology, University of Kashmir, Jammu & Kashmir, Hazratba 190006, India
| | - Islam U. Sheikh
- Division of Livestock Production and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology (Kashmir), Jammu & Kashmir, Shuhama 190006, India (M.A.W.); (I.U.S.)
| | - Azmat A. Khan
- Division of Livestock Production and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology (Kashmir), Jammu & Kashmir, Shuhama 190006, India (M.A.W.); (I.U.S.)
| | - Showkeen Muzamil
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology (Kashmir), Jammu & Kashmir, Shuhama 190006, India;
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Elbaz AM, Ashmawy ES, Ali SAM, Mourad DM, El-Samahy HS, Badri FB, Thabet HA. Effectiveness of probiotics and clove essential oils in improving growth performance, immuno-antioxidant status, ileum morphometric, and microbial community structure for heat-stressed broilers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18846. [PMID: 37914748 PMCID: PMC10620235 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45868-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, interest has increased in using bio-additives, herbs, and their extracts as feed additives because of their potential role in improving chick's health and productivity, especially during stress. Thus, our aim in this study is to examine whether nutritional supplementation (probiotics and clove essential oils) will help mitigate the negative effect of heat stress on the bird by modifying the microbial content, boosting immunity, oxidative status, metabolic, and growth. In this study, three hundred one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were fed the following experimental diet: (CON) basal diet (control diet); (CEO) CON with clove essential oils (300 mg/kg); (PRO) CON with probiotics (2 g/kg); (PC) CON with probiotics and clove essential oils. Our results showed a significant improvement (P < 0.05) in body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, nutrient digestibility, and digestive enzymes activities in broilers fed on PC, CEO, and PRO compared to the control group. Moreover, a significant decrease was recorded in the abdominal fat content and an increase in the relative weight of bursa of Fabricius, and higher antibody levels against Newcastle disease virus, as well as, there was an increase (P < 0.05) in interleukin 10 (IL-10) in all treated groups. Meanwhile, there was a decrease in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in all supplemented groups compared with the control group. Serum triglycerides, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein concentrations, and alanine aminotransferase activities were significantly lower in the treated groups. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels were elevated (P < 0.05) and the malondialdehyde level value significantly decreased in all supplemented groups. The treated groups enhanced the ileum structure by increasing Lactobacillus, decreasing E. coli, and improving the morphometrically (P < 0.05). This study strongly suggests that clove essential oil and probiotic mixture can be used as a feed supplement to reduce the effects of heat stress by improving the growth performance and enhancing immuno-antioxidant status, ileum morphometric, as well as modifying the microbial community structure of the ileum of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Elbaz
- Poultry Nutrition Department, Desert Research Center, Mataria, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Eman S Ashmawy
- Poultry Nutrition Department, Desert Research Center, Mataria, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Safaa A M Ali
- Poultry Physiological Department, Desert Research Center, Mataria, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Disouky M Mourad
- Animal and Poultry Health Department, Desert Research Center, Mataria, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan S El-Samahy
- Animal and Poultry Health Department, Desert Research Center, Mataria, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Faisal B Badri
- Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hany A Thabet
- Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Black Cumin Seeds ( Nigella sativa) on Performance, Carcass Traits, and Meat Quality of Japanese Quails ( Coturnix coturnix japonica). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12101298. [PMID: 35625144 PMCID: PMC9137575 DOI: 10.3390/ani12101298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study was conducted to determine the effect of adding black cumin (Nigella sativa) powder (BCP) to the Japanese quail diet on the carcass characteristics and meat quality. In this research, 240 Japanese quail chicks (mean initial body weight 9.15 ± 0.12) were divided into four groups of four replications each. Treatments consisted of the addition of BCP at levels 1, 2, and 4% to the mixed feed and control group without the BCP additive. Compared to the other groups, the group with the 2% BCP diet had a higher live weight (LW), body weight gain (BWG), and a better feed conversion ratio (FCR, p < 0.05). BCP administration had no impact on the carcass characteristics, however, BCP had a significant effect on the thigh and breast meat. The animal study protocol was approved by the Niğde Governorship, Provincial Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry, Turkey (protocol code: E-15018773-050.01.04-75932 and date of approval: 26 April 2021) for studies involving animals. Lower thiobarbituric acid (TBA), pH, peroxide, and total psychrophilic bacteria levels were found in the BCP added groups compared to the control group (p < 0.05). When compared with the control, the sensory properties such as color, juiciness, softness, and flavor were significantly higher in the BCP treated groups, especially when fed the 2% BCP diet. It can be concluded that BCP as an additive to quail feeds had a significant effect on the performance of quails as well as on the shelf life of the meat. In order to avoid health and environmental concerns, it was concluded that BCP can be used as a natural additive to replace synthetic antimicrobials and antioxidants at the level of 1−2% in quail compound feeds.
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Yu C, Tong Y, Li Q, Wang T, Yang Z. Trans-anethole Ameliorates Intestinal Injury Through Activation of Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Subclinical Necrotic Enteritis-Induced Broilers. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:877066. [PMID: 35518639 PMCID: PMC9062583 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.877066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the alleviative effects of trans-anethole (TA) on intestinal oxidative stress by enhancing the activities of intestinal antioxidant enzymes and activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway in subclinical necrotic enteritis (NE) infected broilers. A total of 192 1-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allocated into three treatment groups: (1) control (CON); (2) subclinical NE challenge (NE); (3) NE challenge + 600 mg/kg TA (NE+TA600). Subclinical NE was induced by oral administration of live coccidiosis vaccine containing 2 × 104 oocysts at 10 days of age and 2 ml of Clostridium perfringens type A solution (3 × 108 CFU/ml) daily from days 14 to 19. The results showed that NE infection led to a severe decline (p < 0.05) in the final body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG), but an increase (p < 0.05) in feed/gain (F/G) of broilers at day 10–21 and day 1–21 compared with the control group. TA administration improved (p < 0.05) the growth performance of NE birds. The intestinal villus height (VH) and villus height/crypt depth (VH/CD) were reduced (p < 0.05) by NE challenge as compared with those of the control group, which was elevated by TA administration. Subclinical NE infection decreased (p < 0.05) serum activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and jejunal and ileal glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and T-SOD activity as well as T-AOC in the jejunum, while TA interventions positively elevated that (p < 0.05). Administration of TA protected the intestine against oxidative stress through up-regulation of intestinal nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway as compared with the NE group (p < 0.05). In addition, dietary inclusion of TA elevated (p < 0.05) mRNA abundance of c-mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-Met), jejunal epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) in the jejunum and ileum of birds after subclinical NE challenge. In conclusion, 600 mg/kg of TA may be a promising tool to prevent and control subclinical NE by increasing intestinal antioxidant status in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Yu
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yichun Tong
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiming Li
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian Wang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zaibin Yang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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Thuekeaw S, Angkanaporn K, Nuengjamnong C. Microencapsulated basil oil (Ocimum basilicum Linn.) enhances growth performance, intestinal morphology, and antioxidant capacity of broiler chickens in the tropics. Anim Biosci 2022; 35:752-762. [PMID: 34991219 PMCID: PMC9065782 DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Microencapsulation is a technique to improve stability, bioavailability, and controlled release of active ingredients at a target site. This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of microencapsulated basil oil (MBO) on growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility (AID), jejunal histomorphology, bacterial population as well as antioxidant capacity of broiler chickens in a tropical climate. METHODS A total of 288 one-day-old female broilers (Ross 308) were randomly allocated into 4 groups (6 replicates of 12 birds), based on a completely randomized design. Dietary treatments were as follows: i) basal diet (NC), ii) basal diet with avilamycin at 10 ppm (PC), iii) basal diet with free basil oil (FBO) at 500 ppm, and iv) basal diet with MBO at 500 ppm, respectively. RESULTS Dietary supplementation of MBO improved average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio of broilers throughout the 42-d trial period (p<0.05), whereas MBO did not affect average daily feed intake compared with NC group. The broilers fed MBO diet exhibited a greater AID of crude protein and gross energy compared with those in other groups (p<0.05). Lactobacillus spp. and Escherichia coli populations were not affected by feeding dietary treatments. Both FBO and MBO had positive effects on jejunal villus height (VH), villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH:CD) and villus surface area of broilers compared to NC and PC groups (p<0.05). Superoxide dismutase level in the duodenal mucosa of MBO group was significantly increased (p<0.01), whereas malondialdehyde level was significantly decreased (p<0.01). CONCLUSION Microencapsulation could be considered as a promising driver of the basil oil efficiency, consequently MBO at 500 ppm could be potentially used as a feed additive for improvement of intestinal integrity and nutrient utilization, leading to better performance of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sureerat Thuekeaw
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330,
Thailand
| | - Kris Angkanaporn
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330,
Thailand
| | - Chackrit Nuengjamnong
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330,
Thailand
- Food Risk Hub, Research Unit of Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330,
Thailand
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Zvarivadza W, Marume U. Growth performance and heamatobiochemical parameters of broilers fed diets containing Artemisia afra essential oil. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2020-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The study was conducted to determine the effects of Artemisia afra Jacq. ex Willd. essential oil inclusion in diets on growth performance and blood parameters in broiler chickens. Four hundred day-old Cobb 500 chicks were randomly allotted to four treatments: NC – negative control (commercial broiler diet without antibiotics), PC – positive control (commercial broiler diet), AA1 – commercial diet + 0.1% A. afra essential oil, and AA2 – commercial diet + 0.3 % A. afra essential oil. Each treatment was replicated 10 times. From the results, birds fed the PC diet had the highest average daily feed intake (105.60 g ± 3.18) and average daily gain (ADG) in the grower phase. The highest ADG in the finisher phase was obtained in the AAI treatment (170.23 g·d−1 ± 2.00), whereas the feed conversion ratio was lower in the essential-oil-containing diets. Diet significantly improved protein utilization efficiency in both grower and finisher phases. Birds fed AA1 had the highest values for neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils, whereas those fed the NC diet had the highest alkaline phosphatase levels (102.00 IU·L−1 ± 7.61). The findings of the study suggest the use of A. afra essential oil in broiler diets can positively improve growth and flock health.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Zvarivadza
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, P Bag X 2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
- Food Security and Safety Niche area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, P Bag X 2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Upenyu Marume
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, P Bag X 2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
- Food Security and Safety Niche area, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Technology, North-West University, P Bag X 2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
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Yu C, Wang T, Yang Z. Effects of dietary supplementation of trans-anethole on the intestinal antioxidant status, immune function, and liver lipid metabolism in broilers. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2059021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Yu
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Campus, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang Campus, Nanjing, China
| | - Zaibin Yang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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Chemically Protected Sodium Butyrate Improves Growth Performance and Early Development and Function of Small Intestine in Broilers as One Effective Substitute for Antibiotics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11020132. [PMID: 35203735 PMCID: PMC8868412 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of chemically protected sodium butyrate (CSB) on growth performance and the early development and function of small intestine in broilers as one potential substitute for antibiotics. A total of 192 one-day-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly assigned into three dietary treatment groups (eight replicates per treatment): the control (CON) diet; ANT diet, CON diet supplemented with the antibiotics (enramycin, 8 mg/kg and aureomycin, 100 mg/kg); CSB diet, CON diet supplemented with 1000 mg/kg CSB, respectively. The results showed that dietary CSB and antibiotics addition significantly improved the growth performance of broilers by increasing the body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) during different stages (p < 0.05). On day 21, the supplement of CSB in diet improved the structure of small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) in broilers by increasing the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (VH/CD) (p < 0.05) and enhanced the butyric acid (BA) (p < 0.05) and total short chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentrations of small intestine (jejunum and ileum) compared with the CON and ANT diets. Besides that, the superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and TAC to malondialdehyde (TAC/MDA) ratio of the ileal and jejunal mucosa were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the CSB and ANT than in the CON. In addition, the supplement of CSB in diet markedly significantly enhanced α-amylase, lipase, and trypsin activities of the ileum (p < 0.05) as compared to the ANT diet. 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that CSB markedly increased the microbiota diversity of ileum in broilers at 21 days of age as compared to CON and ANT (p < 0.05). Furthermore, we found that Firmicutes was the predominant phyla and Lactobacillus was the major genus in the ileum of broilers. Compared with the ANT diet, the supplement of CSB in diet increased the relative abundance of some genera microbiota (e.g., Candidatus_Arthromitus, Romboutsia) by decreasing the relative abundance of Lactobacillus. Moreover, Akkermansia in the CSB was the highest in comparison to that in the CON and ANT. In addition, Kitasatospora that belongs to the phylum Actinobacteriota was only found in ileum of broilers fed the ANT diet. In summary, the supplement of 1000 mg/kg CSB in the diet improved the growth performance by promoting early development and function of the small intestine, which is associated with the regulation of intestinal flora and reestablishment of micro-ecological balance in broilers. Thus, CSB has great potential value as one of effective substitutes for in-feed antibiotics in the broiler industry.
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Amer SA, Tolba SA, AlSadek DMM, Abdel Fattah DM, Hassan AM, Metwally AE. Effect of supplemental glycerol monolaurate and oregano essential oil blend on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, and amino acid digestibility of broiler chickens. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:312. [PMID: 34563182 PMCID: PMC8467238 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03022-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This experiment tested the impact of the combined supplementation of glycerol monolaurate (GLM) and oregano essential oil (EO) to broiler diets. Growth performance, metabolic response, immune status, apparent ileal digestibility coefficient (AID%), and intestinal histomorphology were assessed. Three-day-old Ross-308 broilers (76.62 g ± 0.50, n = 240) were randomly allocated into 4 experimental groups (6 replicates/group and 10 chicks/replicate). Birds were fed corn-soybean meal basal diets supplemented with four levels of GLM and oregano EO blend: 0, 0.15, 0.45, and 0.75% for 35 days. Results During the starter period, dietary GLM and oregano EO did not show significant (P > 0.05) changes in growth performance. During the grower period, GLM and oregano EO supplemented groups showed a linear and quadratic decline in FCR. During the finisher and overall performance, a linear increase in the body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), the protein efficiency ratio (PER), and relative growth rate (RGR), and a linear decrease in the FCR at 0.75% dietary level of GLM and oregano EO compared to the control. The broken-line regression model showed that the optimum dietary level of GLM and oregano EO blend was 0.58% based on final BW and FCR. The 0.45% or 0.15% dietary level of supplemented additives lowered (P < 0.05) the AID% of threonine and arginine, respectively, with no change in the AID% of other assessed amino acids at all dietary levels. Muscle thickness in jejunum and ileum in all dietary supplemented groups was increased (P < 0.05); however, such increase (P < 0.05) in the duodenum was shown at 0.45 and 0.75% dietary levels. All GLM and oregano EO supplemented groups showed increased (P < 0.05) duodenal, jejunal, and ileal villus height. The 0.15 and/or 0.75% dietary levels of supplemented additives increased (P < 0.05) the ileal and duodenal crypt depth, respectively, with a decreased (P < 0.05) duodenal crypt depth at 0.15% dietary level. The goblet cell count in ileum decreased (P < 0.05) in all GLM and oregano EO supplemented groups, but this decreased count (P < 0.05) was detected in jejunum at 0.45 and 0.75% dietary levels. The GLM and oregano EO supplemented groups did not show significant (P > 0.05) changes in the assessed metabolic and immune status parameters. Economically, the total return and performance index was increased at 0.75% dietary level. Conclusion Better growth performance was achieved at a 0.75 % dietary level of GLM and oregano EO by improving most intestinal morphometric measures. The optimum dietary level detected was 0.58%. The lack of influence of supplemented additives on chickens' immune and metabolic responses could indicate a lack of synergy between GLM and oregano EO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa A Amer
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Samar A Tolba
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Dina M M AlSadek
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Doaa M Abdel Fattah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Aziza M Hassan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah E Metwally
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
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Saei S, Di Rosa AR, Rasouli B, Seidavi A, Chiofalo V, Liotta L, Chiofalo B. Ajwain ( Trachyspermum copticum) extract in broiler diets: effect on growth performance, carcass components, plasma constituents, immunity and cecum microflora. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1926347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Saei
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ambra Rita Di Rosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Behrouz Rasouli
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Alireza Seidavi
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Vincenzo Chiofalo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Liotta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Biagina Chiofalo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Aboelhadid SM, Youssef IMI. Control of red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) in feeds and commercial poultry diets via using a blend of clove and lemongrass extracts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:30111-30120. [PMID: 33582963 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12426-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The insects' infestation decreases the nutritive value of the stored grains and causes losses in its weight, quality, or economic values. The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficiency of a natural product of clove and lemongrass extracts in controlling of red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) in different feedstuffs and commercial poultry diets. Different concentrations of the tested product (5, 10, 20, 50, 100 mg) were mixed with 10 g of different feedstuffs and poultry diets, and incubated at different time points. The percent repellency (PR), toxicity effect, and antifeedant activity of the plant extracts compound were assessed. The PR was detected depending on the choice method. It was found that the PR was dose and time dependent. The highest doses (50 or 100 mg/10 g feed) achieved the highest repellency effect reaching 70% at 24 h post-application (PA). The minimal PR was reported by the lowest dose of 5 mg/10 g feed reaching 50% at 24 h PA. Moreover, the PR was found to decrease by time. The toxicity effect of this natural product on T. castaneum was cumulative, not acute, in which it was recorded after 1 month of application. Besides, this effect needs high doses of the product (at dose 500 or 1000 mg/50 g feed). The used product achieved a clear antifeedant activity against T. castaneum, as the feeding deterrent index (FDI %) for corn grains was 98.5% at 1.0 and 2.0% concentration, whereas for wheat grains there was a significant difference between both concentration (96.0 vs. 74.4%). In addition, the weight loss of control corn and wheat grains was higher than the treated ones, and it was about 3.15% and 2.0% per month for corn and wheat, respectively. In conclusion, the clove and lemongrass extracts had a repellency effect reaching to 70%. Moreover, it had a lethal effect on T. castaneum. In addition, it can reduce the weight loss of the infested feeds and consequently increasing its FDI %. Therefore, the clove and lemongrass extract blend can be used to protect the feedstuffs from the damage by this insect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawky M Aboelhadid
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt.
| | - Ibrahim M I Youssef
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt.
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Liu X, Liu W, Deng Y, He C, Xiao B, Guo S, Zhou X, Tang S, Qu X. Use of encapsulated Bacillus subtilis and essential oils to improve antioxidant and immune status of blood and production and hatching performance of laying hens. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1862715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha, China
| | - Yuying Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha, China
| | - Changqing He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha, China
| | - Bing Xiao
- Hunan Yunfeifeng Agricultural Co. Ltd, Huaihua, Hunan, China
| | - Songchang Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha, China
| | - Xuebin Zhou
- Shanghai Naseco Products Company, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengguo Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangyong Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha, China
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Irawan A, Hidayat C, Jayanegara A, Ratriyanto A. Essential oils as growth-promoting additives on performance, nutrient digestibility, cecal microbes, and serum metabolites of broiler chickens: a meta-analysis. Anim Biosci 2020; 34:1499-1513. [PMID: 33332937 PMCID: PMC8495342 DOI: 10.5713/ab.20.0668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of dietary essential oils (EOs) on productive performance, nutrient digestibility, and serum metabolite profiles of broiler chickens and to compare their effectiveness as growth-promoting additives against antibiotics. METHODS Peer-reviewed articles were retrieved from Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, and Google scholar and selected based on pre-determined criteria. A total of 41 articles containing 55 experiments with 163 treatment units were eligible for analyses. Data were subjected to a meta-analysis based on mixed model methodology considering the doses of EOs as fixed effects and the different studies as random effects. RESULTS Results showed a linear increase (p<0.001) on body weight gain (BWG) where Antibiotics (FCR) and average daily feed intake decreased (p<0.001) linearly with an increasing dose of EOs. Positive effects were observed on the increased (p<0.01) digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, and cecal Lactobacillus while Escherichia coli (E. coli) population in the cecum decreased (p<0.001) linearly. There was a quadratic effect on the weight of gizzard (p<0.01), spleen (p<0.05), bursa of fabricius (p<0.001), and liver (p< 0.10) while carcass, abdominal fat, and pancreas increased (p<0.01) linearly. The dose of EOs linearly increased high density lipoprotein, glucose, protein, and globulin concentrations (p<0.01). In comparison to control and antibiotics, all type of EOs significantly reduced (p<0.001) FCR and tended to increase (p<0.1) BWG and final body weight. Cinnamaldehyde-compound was the only EOs type showing a tendency to increase (p<0.1) carcass weight, albumin, and protein of serum metabolites while this EOs together with EOs-Blend 1 decreased (p<0.01) E. coli population. Low density lipoprotein concentration decreased (p<0.05) with antibiotics and carvacrol-based compound when compared to the control group. CONCLUSION This evidence confirms that EOs are suitable to be used as growth promoters and their economical benefit appears to be promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agung Irawan
- Vocational Program in Animal Husbandry, Vocational School, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia.,Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling Research Group (AFENUE), Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Cecep Hidayat
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling Research Group (AFENUE), Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia.,Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production, Ciawi Bogor 16720, Indonesia
| | - Anuraga Jayanegara
- Animal Feed and Nutrition Modelling Research Group (AFENUE), Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia.,Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Adi Ratriyanto
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
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Tekce E, Bayraktar B, Aksakal V, Dertli E, Kamiloğlu A, Çinar Topcu K, Takma Ç, Gül M, Kaya H. Response of Japanese quails ( Coturnix coturnix japonica) to dietary inclusion of Moringa oleifera essential oil under heat stress condition. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1760740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emre Tekce
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Organic Farming Management, Bayburt University, Bayburt, Turkey
| | | | - Vecihi Aksakal
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Organic Farming Management, Bayburt University, Bayburt, Turkey
| | - Enes Dertli
- Faculty of Engineering, Food Engineering, Bayburt University, Bayburt, Turkey
| | - Aybike Kamiloğlu
- Faculty of Engineering, Food Engineering, Bayburt University, Bayburt, Turkey
| | - Kübra Çinar Topcu
- Faculty of Engineering, Food Engineering, Bayburt University, Bayburt, Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Takma
- Department of Animal Science, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Gül
- Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Disease, Atatürk University Erzurum, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hacer Kaya
- Veterinary Department, Şiran Mustafa Beyaz Vocational High School, Gümüşhane University, Gümüşhane, Turkey
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Hassan RA, Shafi ME, Attia KM, Assar MH. Influence of Oyster Mushroom Waste on Growth Performance, Immunity and Intestinal Morphology Compared With Antibiotics in Broiler Chickens. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:333. [PMID: 32596274 PMCID: PMC7300226 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oyster mushroom waste (OMW) is a by-product of the agriculture industry with valuable antimicrobial, antioxidant, antifungal, and prebiotic properties. This by-product might be a useful alternative to antibiotic growth stimulators in poultry nutrition. The purpose of this research was to test the impact of OMW on the immune responses and on the morphology of intestine of broiler chickens. Four dietary therapies with five replicas of 15 birds in each, totalling 300 day- Ross 308 broiler chickens, were utilized in this study. Control chickens were fed a mixed diet that included a maize-soybean meal complemented by 1 and 2% OMW in addition to the basal diet. Furthermore, Enramycin (125 g/kg) was added to the control diet as an antibiotic. Throughout this experiment, performance was studied as well as the immune response to the Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) and intestinal morphological traits. A substantial surge was noted in body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI) of chickens after the addition of 1% OMW (p ≤ 0.05). In contrast, feed supplementation with 2% OMW, compared with the control diet, produced no noteworthy increase in BWG or the feed conversion rate (FCR). Antibiotic addition, on the other hand, increased serum cholesterol (p ≤ 0.05). After 42 days, neither OMW nor antibiotic addition affected organ mass. In contrast, antibiotic addition reduced the small intestine percentage, crypt depth and villus height (p ≤ 0.05). The Newcastle disease vaccine (NDV) antibody titer improved after feed supplementation with 1% OMW comparing with the control and antibiotic diet group. Furthermore, OMW supplementation decreased the heterophil-to-lymphocyte H/L ratio (p ≤ 0.05). The use of OMW led to a reduction in the malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the breast and liver and an increase in glutathione peroxidase. It helped to reduce glutathione, glutathione reductase, and glutathione S-transferase. In conclusion, the impact of OMW were dose-dependent, and the use of 1% OMW in broiler diets enhanced their growth and immunity. Nonetheless, supplementation with 2% OMW produced conflicting results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reda A Hassan
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Giza, Egypt
| | - Manal E Shafi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Zoology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalil M Attia
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H Assar
- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Giza, Egypt
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Seidavi AR, Laudadio V, Khazaei R, Puvača N, Selvaggi M, Tufarelli V. Feeding of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) and its effects on poultry production and health. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2020.1750328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. R. Seidavi
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - V. Laudadio
- Department of DETO, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Study of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - R. Khazaei
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - N. Puvača
- Department of Engineering Management in Biotechnology, Faculty of Economics and Engineering Management in Novi Sad, University Business Academy in Novi Sad, Cvećarska, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - M. Selvaggi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - V. Tufarelli
- Department of DETO, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Study of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Valenzano, Bari, Italy
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Guo S, Ma J, Xing Y, Xu Y, Jin X, Yan S, Shi B. Artemisia annua L. aqueous extract as an alternative to antibiotics improving growth performance and antioxidant function in broilers. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1745696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Guo
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jiaxin Ma
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xing
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuanqing Xu
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiao Jin
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Sumei Yan
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Binlin Shi
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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