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Baz AA, Hao H, Lan S, Li Z, Liu S, Jin X, Chen S, Chu Y. Emerging insights into macrophage extracellular traps in bacterial infections. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23767. [PMID: 38924166 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400739r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages possess a diverse range of well-defined capabilities and roles as phagocytes, encompassing the regulation of inflammation, facilitation of wound healing, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, and serving as a crucial element in the innate immune response against microbial pathogens. The emergence of extracellular traps is a novel strategy of defense that has been observed in several types of innate immune cells. In response to infection, macrophages are stimulated and produce macrophage extracellular traps (METs), which take the form of net-like structures, filled with strands of DNA and adorned with histones and other cellular proteins. METs not only capture and eliminate microorganisms but also play a role in the development of certain diseases such as inflammation and autoimmune disorders. The primary objective of this study is to examine the latest advancements in METs for tackling bacterial infections. We also delve into the current knowledge and tactics utilized by bacteria to elude or endure the effects of METs. Through this investigation, we hope to shed light on the intricate interactions between bacteria and the host's immune system, particularly in the context of microbicidal effector mechanisms of METs. The continued exploration of METs and their impact on host defense against various pathogens opens up new avenues for understanding and potentially manipulating the immune system's response to infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Adel Baz
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Huafang Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shimei Lan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhangcheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangrui Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shengli Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuefeng Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
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Rivera-Concha R, Moya C, León M, Uribe P, Schulz M, Prado A, Taubert A, Hermosilla C, Sánchez R, Zambrano F. Effect of different sperm populations on neutrophils extracellular traps (NETs) formation in cattle. Res Vet Sci 2023; 164:105028. [PMID: 37804665 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
In cattle, clinical and subclinical inflammation in the bovine female reproductive tract (FRT) significantly reduces fertility. PMN participate in this FRT-associated inflammation by eliminating pathogens by eliciting various defense mechanisms, with the release of neutrophil extracellular traps NETs) being the latest process discovered. Consistently, human-, bovine- and porcine-derived spermatozoa induce release of NETs in exposed PMN of the same species origin, and thereby decreasing sperm motility through NETs-mediated entrapment. The release of NETs in the presence of different sperm sub-populations is evaluated in this work. Cryopreserved bovine sperm were selected and different sperm populations were used: viable sperm, sperm with oxidative stress, capacitated sperm, and sperm with loss of viability. Isolated PMN of dairy cows were co-incubated with these sperm populations for 4 h. Neutrophil elastase (NE) and DNA were detected by fluorescence microscopy analysis. It was noted that exposed bovine PMN released NETs in the presence of sperm. Moreover, sperm-triggered NETosis resulted different phenotypes of NETs, i. e. spread NETs (sprNETs), diffused NETs (diffNETs) and aggregated NETs (aggNETs). Viable/motile spermatozoa induced a higher proportion of NETotic cells at 15, 60 and 120 min in comparison to controls. In conclusion, all bovine sperm populations in co-culture with PMN generated NETs extrusion while viable sperm activated NETotic cells to a greater extent. With this being an early event in the activation of bovine PMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Rivera-Concha
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine-Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; Ph.D. Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile.
| | - Claudia Moya
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine-Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile.
| | - Marion León
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine-Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile.
| | - Pamela Uribe
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine-Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile.
| | - Mabel Schulz
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine-Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile.
| | - Aurora Prado
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine-Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile.
| | - Anja Taubert
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Carlos Hermosilla
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Raúl Sánchez
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine-Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile.
| | - Fabiola Zambrano
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine-Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile.
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3
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Shen Q, Wu X, Chen J, He C, Wang Z, Zhou B, Zhang H. Immune Regulation of Seminal Plasma on the Endometrial Microenvironment: Physiological and Pathological Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14639. [PMID: 37834087 PMCID: PMC10572377 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Seminal plasma (SP) accounts for more than 90% of semen volume. It induces inflammation, regulates immune tolerance, and facilitates embryonic development and implantation in the female reproductive tract. In the physiological state, SP promotes endometrial decidualization and causes changes in immune cells such as macrophages, natural killer cells, regulatory T cells, and dendritic cells. This leads to the secretion of cytokines and chemokines and also results in the alteration of miRNA profiles and the expression of genes related to endometrial tolerance and angiogenesis. Together, these changes modulate the endometrial immune microenvironment and contribute to implantation and pregnancy. However, in pathological situations, abnormal alterations in SP due to advanced age or poor diet in men can interfere with a woman's immune adaptation to pregnancy, negatively affecting embryo implantation and even the health of the offspring. Uterine pathologies such as endometriosis and endometritis can cause the endometrium to respond negatively to SP, which can further contribute to pathological progress and interfere with conception. The research on the mechanism of SP in the endometrium is conducive to the development of new targets for intervention to improve reproductive outcomes and may also provide new ideas for semen-assisted treatment of clinical infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuzi Shen
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Q.S.); (X.W.); (J.C.); (C.H.)
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Q.S.); (X.W.); (J.C.); (C.H.)
| | - Jin Chen
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Q.S.); (X.W.); (J.C.); (C.H.)
| | - Chao He
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Q.S.); (X.W.); (J.C.); (C.H.)
| | - Zehao Wang
- School of Management, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China;
| | - Boyan Zhou
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Q.S.); (X.W.); (J.C.); (C.H.)
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Q.S.); (X.W.); (J.C.); (C.H.)
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Lu C, Wu Z, Gao H, Li H, Deng R, Luo N, Fan S, Li X, He D, Zhao H. Sperm induce macrophage extracellular trap formation via phagocytosis-dependent mechanism. Biol Reprod 2023; 109:319-329. [PMID: 37402702 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Infertility is a public health concern worldwide. Asthenozoospermia is a common cause of male infertility and is characterized by decreased motility. Sperm motility ensures that sperm migrate to complete fertilization. Macrophages are an essential component of innate immunity in the female reproductive tract. Macrophage extracellular traps are induced by various microorganisms to capture and mediate the clearance of microorganisms. The relationship between sperm and macrophage extracellular traps is unclear. The human monocyte leukemia (THP-1) cells differentiated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) are widely used as surrogate of human macrophages. This study investigated sperm-induced macrophage extracellular trap formation and clarified some of the mechanisms affecting macrophage extracellular trap production. Sperm-induced macrophage extracellular traps were visualized and components of macrophage extracellular traps were identified by immunofluorescence analyses and scanning electron microscopy. By inhibiting macrophage extracellular trap production and macrophage phagocytosis, the relationship between macrophage phagocytosis and macrophage extracellular trap production was analyzed. Sperm could trigger PMA-differentiated THP-1 macrophages to produce extracellular traps. Sperm-triggered macrophage extracellular traps are dependent on phagocytosis and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. Sperm from asthenozoospermia donors are more likely to be phagocytosed by macrophages than sperm from healthy donors, which induce more macrophage extracellular trap release. These data confirm the phenomenon and partial mechanism of sperm-induced macrophage extracellular trap formation in vitro. These may partly provide evidence to explain the mechanisms of clearing abnormally morphological or hypomotile sperm in the female reproductive tract and the rationale for the decreased probability of successful fertilization in asthenozoospermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuncheng Lu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Zhao Wu
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hongbin Gao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Haiyuan Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Renbin Deng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Ning Luo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Shipeng Fan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Danpeng He
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, Kunming, China
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Hasheminasab SS, Conejeros I, Gärtner U, Kamena F, Taubert A, Hermosilla CR. MCT-Dependent Cryptosporidium parvum-Induced Bovine Monocyte Extracellular Traps (METs) under Physioxia. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:961. [PMID: 37508391 PMCID: PMC10376234 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The apicomplexan protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum is responsible for cryptosporidiosis, which is a zoonotic intestinal illness that affects newborn cattle, wild animals, and people all over the world. Mammalian monocytes are bone marrow-derived myeloid leukocytes with important defense effector functions in early host innate immunity due to their ATP purinergic-, CD14- and CD16-receptors, adhesion, migration and phagocytosis capacities, inflammatory, and anti-parasitic properties. The formation of monocyte extracellular traps (METs) has recently been reported as an additional effector mechanism against apicomplexan parasites. Nonetheless, nothing is known in the literature on METs extrusion neither towards C. parvum-oocysts nor sporozoites. Herein, ATP purinergic receptor P2X1, glycolysis, Notch signaling, and lactate monocarboxylate transporters (MCT) were investigated in C. parvum-exposed bovine monocytes under intestinal physioxia (5% O2) and hyperoxia (21% O2; most commonly used hyperoxic laboratory conditions). C. parvum-triggered suicidal METs were confirmed by complete rupture of exposed monocytes, co-localization of extracellular DNA with myeloperoxidase (MPO) and histones (H1-H4) via immunofluorescence- and confocal microscopy analyses. C. parvum-induced suicidal METs resulted not only in oocyst entrapment but also in hindered sporozoite mobility from oocysts according to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. Early parasite-induced bovine monocyte activation, accompanied by membrane protrusions toward C. parvum-oocysts/sporozoites, was unveiled using live cell 3D-holotomographic microscopy analysis. The administration of NF449, an inhibitor of the ATP purinergic receptor P2X1, to monocytes subjected to varying oxygen concentrations did not yield a noteworthy decrease in C. parvum-induced METosis. This suggests that the cell death process is not dependent on P2X1. Additionally, blockage of glycolysis in monocyte through 2-deoxy glucose (2-DG) inhibition reduced C. parvum-induced METosis but not significantly. According to monocyte energetic state measurements, C. parvum-exposed cells neither increased extracellular acidification rates (ECAR) nor oxygen consumption rates (OCR). Lactate monocarboxylate transporters (MCT) inhibitor (i.e., AR-C 141990) treatments significantly diminished C. parvum-mediated METs extrusion under physioxic (5% O2) condition. Similarly, treatment with either DAPT or compound E, two selective Notch inhibitors, exhibited no significant suppressive effects on bovine MET production. Overall, for the first time, we demonstrate C. parvum-mediated METosis as P2X1-independent but as an MCT-dependent defense mechanism under intestinal physioxia (5% CO2) conditions. METs findings suggest anti-cryptosporidial effects through parasite entrapment and inhibition of sporozoite excystation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Sajjad Hasheminasab
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Iván Conejeros
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Gärtner
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Faustin Kamena
- Laboratory for Molecular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon
| | - Anja Taubert
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Carlos R Hermosilla
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Tan H, Li Z, Zhang S, Zhang J, Jia E. Novel perception of neutrophil extracellular traps in gouty inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109642. [PMID: 36608445 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The self-limiting nature of the inflammatory flare is a feature of gout. The effects of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) on gout have remarkably attracted researchers' attention. Aggregated NETs promote the resolution of gouty inflammation by packing monosodium urate (MSU) crystals, degrading cytokines and chemokines, and blocking neutrophil recruitment and activation. Deficiency of NETs aggravates experimental gout. Thus, aggregated NETs are assumed to be a possible mechanism for the spontaneous resolution of gout. It is feasible to envisage therapeutic strategies for targeting NETosis (NET formation process) in gout. However, recent studies have demonstrated that levels of NETs are not associated with disease activity and inflammation in human gout. Moreover, the process of MSU crystal trapping is not affected in the absence of neutrophils. This review has concentrated on the mechanisms and associations between NETs and gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Tan
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhiling Li
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jianyong Zhang
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, Guangdong, PR China; The Department of Rheumatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen 518033, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Ertao Jia
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, Guangdong, PR China; The Department of Rheumatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen 518033, Guangdong, PR China.
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Tvrdá E, Ďuračka M, Benko F, Lukáč N. Bacteriospermia - A formidable player in male subfertility. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:1001-1029. [PMID: 36060647 PMCID: PMC9386612 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial colonization of male reproductive tissues, cells, and fluids, and the subsequent impact of bacteria on the sperm architecture, activity, and fertilizing potential, has recently gained increased attention from the medical and scientific community. Current evidence strongly emphasizes the fact that the presence of bacteria in semen may have dire consequences on the resulting male fertility. Nevertheless, the molecular basis underlying bacteriospermia-associated suboptimal semen quality is sophisticated, multifactorial, and still needs further understanding. Bacterial adhesion and subsequent sperm agglutination and immobilization represent the most direct pathway of sperm-bacterial interactions. Furthermore, the release of bacterial toxins and leukocytic infiltration, associated with a massive outburst of reactive oxygen species, have been repeatedly associated with sperm dysfunction in bacteria-infested semen. This review serves as a summary of the present knowledge on bacteriospermia-associated male subfertility. Furthermore, we strived to outline the currently available methods for assessing bacterial profiles in semen and to outline the most promising strategies for the prevention and/or management of bacteriospermia in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Tvrdá
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, Nitra-Chrenová, 949 76, Slovakia
| | - Michal Ďuračka
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, Nitra-Chrenová, 949 76, Slovakia
| | - Filip Benko
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, Nitra-Chrenová, 949 76, Slovakia
| | - Norbert Lukáč
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, Nitra-Chrenová, 949 76, Slovakia
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8
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Wu J, Li L, Luo J. Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Monocyte Distribution Width in Sepsis. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:4107-4117. [PMID: 35898818 PMCID: PMC9309295 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s372666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocyte distribution width (MDW) is a blood monocyte morphological parameter that can be easily detected by an automated hemocyte analyzer and can provide clinicians with important information about cell volume variability in peripheral blood monocyte populations. The United States' Food and Drug Administration and Conformite Europeenne have both been cleared for their clinical application in the detection of sepsis and developing sepsis in adult patients in the emergency department (ED). Recently, MDW has been found to have an early diagnosis and predictive value for sepsis in neonates and COVID-19 patients. Here, we summarize the findings of the studies investigating the clinical application of MDW in sepsis. Under different stimuli, especially in infectious diseases, the activation of innate immunity is the host's first defense mechanism, and the change in monocyte volume is considered an early indicator reflecting the state of activation of innate immunity. Pivotal study data from a large multicenter patient cohort showed that abnormal MDW at presentation increases the odds of sepsis, considering the combination of MDW and White Blood Cell Count (WBC) as part of a standard sepsis assessment protocol for ED, which may increase the sensitivity and specificity of sepsis diagnosis. Meanwhile, MDW shares a diagnostic performance comparable to that of conventional biomarkers (C-reactive protein and procalcitonin) in sepsis. In addition, some evidence suggests that increased MDW, both in adults and neonates, may be associated with unfavorable short- and long-term outcomes, which indicates its prognostic value in sepsis. Taken together, MDW is a parameter of increased morphological variability of monocytes in response to infection, and numerous studies have shown that MDW could be used as a valuable diagnostic and prognostic index in patients with sepsis or suspected sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juehui Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Laisheng Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinmei Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Intensive Care Unit and Division of Respiratory Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People’s Republic of China
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He C, Li J, Wu Z, Lu C, Huang Z, Luo N, Fan S, Shen J, Liu X, Zhao H. The semenogelin I-derived peptide SgI-52 in seminal plasma participates in sperm selection and clearance by macrophages. Peptides 2022; 153:170799. [PMID: 35427699 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages can phagocytose sperm, especially damaged spermatozoa, in the female genital tract. The semenogelin I-derived peptide SgI-52 in seminal plasma exhibits seminal plasma motility inhibitor (SPMI) activity and can inhibit sperm motility. This raises the question of the role played by SPMIs in macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of sperm. We speculated that SgI-52 promotes sperm clearance by macrophages. Therefore, we investigated the phagocytosis of sperm in different states using this peptide. METHODS SgI-52 was fluorescently labeled, and its binding site for sperm was observed. The ability of macrophages to phagocytose sperm was observed using fluorescence confocal microscopy. Spermatozoa from different sources were co-cultured with SgI-52 in BWW medium for 4 and 22 h to compare the differences in their phagocytosis by macrophages. Sperm motility, induced acrosome reaction, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ATP content were examined after incubation with SgI-52. RESULTS SgI-52 could bind to spermatozoa in different states, mainly to the tail, and then spread to the acrosome. This effect was more pronounced in demembranated spermatozoa. SgI-52 promoted phagocytosis of spermatozoa by macrophages, decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased the average ATP content of spermatozoa (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We found for the first time that SgI-52 can bind to spermatozoa in different states and promote their phagocytosis by macrophages. Therefore, we speculate that SgI-52 is involved in the screening of sperm in the female reproductive tract and has potential value in improving assisted reproductive technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyong He
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Jiankai Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Zhao Wu
- Department of Reproductive Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Chuncheng Lu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Zhuo Huang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Ning Luo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Shipeng Fan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Jihong Shen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China; Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China.
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10
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Mamtimin M, Pinarci A, Han C, Braun A, Anders HJ, Gudermann T, Mammadova-Bach E. Extracellular DNA Traps: Origin, Function and Implications for Anti-Cancer Therapies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:869706. [PMID: 35574410 PMCID: PMC9092261 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.869706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular DNA may serve as marker in liquid biopsies to determine individual diagnosis and prognosis in cancer patients. Cell death or active release from various cell types, including immune cells can result in the release of DNA into the extracellular milieu. Neutrophils are important components of the innate immune system, controlling pathogens through phagocytosis and/or the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs also promote tumor progression and metastasis, by modulating angiogenesis, anti-tumor immunity, blood clotting and inflammation and providing a supportive niche for metastasizing cancer cells. Besides neutrophils, other immune cells such as eosinophils, dendritic cells, monocytes/macrophages, mast cells, basophils and lymphocytes can also form extracellular traps (ETs) during cancer progression, indicating possible multiple origins of extracellular DNA in cancer. In this review, we summarize the pathomechanisms of ET formation generated by different cell types, and analyze these processes in the context of cancer. We also critically discuss potential ET-inhibiting agents, which may open new therapeutic strategies for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medina Mamtimin
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Akif Pinarci
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Chao Han
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Attila Braun
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Gudermann
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Elmina Mammadova-Bach
- Walther-Straub-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital, Munich, Germany
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11
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Fichtner T, Kotarski F, Gärtner U, Conejeros I, Hermosilla C, Wrenzycki C, Taubert A. Bovine sperm samples induce different NET phenotypes in a NADPH oxidase-, PAD4-, and Ca++-dependent process†. Biol Reprod 2021; 102:902-914. [PMID: 31967293 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Deposition of sperm during artificial insemination in the bovine female reproductive tract results in early host innate immune reactions of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). Furthermore, sperm-mediated neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation (NETosis) was recently reported to occur in different mammalian species, including humans. We, here, investigated the interactions of bovine PMN with different semen-derived samples and analyzed in more depth molecular aspects of this effector mechanism. Overall, confrontation of PMN with sperm/cell preparation (SCP) resulted in a rapid and dose-dependent NET formation leading to effective spermatozoa entrapment. Thereby, spermatozoa induced different phenotypes of NETs. Immunostaining analyses revealed the presence of histones (H3), neutrophil elastase (NE), and pentraxin (PTX) in sperm-triggered NET structures. Fresh SCP strongly induced NETosis than frozen-thawed ones. The level of NETosis was not related to spermatozoa viability. SCP as well as purified sperm cells (SCs) and supernatant (SN) induce NETosis, although the reaction in SC was lower. Enhanced levels of oxygen consumption and proton leak in PMN revealed sperm SNs but not purified SCs as PMN activators. Functional inhibition experiments revealed sperm-triggered NETosis as an NADPH oxidase- and peptidylarginine deiminase 4-dependent process and proved to be dependent on intra- and extracellular Ca++ influxes while myeloperoxidase activity and as ERK1/2- and PI3K-related signaling pathways did not seem to play a pivotal role in this effector mechanism. From these findings, we speculate that sperm-derived NETosis might also occur in vivo during artificial insemination and might therefore play a role related to reduced fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Fichtner
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Chair for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Clinic of Veterinary Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Franziska Kotarski
- Chair for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Clinic of Veterinary Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Gärtner
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Iván Conejeros
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Carlos Hermosilla
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christine Wrenzycki
- Chair for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Clinic of Veterinary Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anja Taubert
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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12
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Swine spermatozoa trigger aggregated neutrophil extracellular traps leading to adverse effects on sperm function. J Reprod Immunol 2021; 146:103339. [PMID: 34087539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In pigs, the number of PMN in uterus lumen increases within few hours after natural or artificial AI resulting in early PMN-derived innate immune reactions. Sperm-NETs formation was recently reported to occur in various mammalian species. Aim of this study was to investigate direct interactions of boar spermatozoa with swine PMN, the release of sperm-mediated NETs, and to assess NET-derived effects on sperm functionality. Sperm-triggered NETs were visualized by SEM- and immunofluorescence analyses. Sperm-mediated NETosis was confirmed by presence of extruded DNA with global histones and NE. Largest sizes of sperm-mediated aggNETs were detected after 5 h thereby resulting in effective massive sperm entrapment. The number of aggNETs increased from 3 h onwards. Kinetic studies of swine sperm-mediated NETosis showed to be a time-dependent cellular process. In addition, number of NETs-entrapped spermatozoa increased at 3 h of exposure whilst few free spermatozoa were detected after 3 h. Anchored NETs also increased from 3 h onwards. The cytotoxicity of NETs was confirmed by diminution of the total motility and the progressive motility. Spermatozoa membrane integrity and function loss exposed to NETs was confirmed from 3 h. Experiments revealed NETs-derived damaging effects on swine spermatozoa in membrane integrity, motility and functionality. We hypothesize that swine sperm-triggered aggNETs might play a critical role in reduced fertility potential in swine reproductive technique. Thus, aggNETs formation needs to be considered in future studies about uterine environment as well as advance of sperm in the porcine female reproductive tract.
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13
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Significance of Mast Cell Formed Extracellular Traps in Microbial Defense. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021; 62:160-179. [PMID: 34024033 PMCID: PMC8140557 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-021-08861-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are critically involved in microbial defense by releasing antimicrobial peptides (such as cathelicidin LL-37 and defensins) and phagocytosis of microbes. In past years, it has become evident that in addition MCs may eliminate invading pathogens by ejection of web-like structures of DNA strands embedded with proteins known together as extracellular traps (ETs). Upon stimulation of resting MCs with various microorganisms, their products (including superantigens and toxins), or synthetic chemicals, MCs become activated and enter into a multistage process that includes disintegration of the nuclear membrane, release of chromatin into the cytoplasm, adhesion of cytoplasmic granules on the emerging DNA web, and ejection of the complex into the extracellular space. This so-called ETosis is often associated with cell death of the producing MC, and the type of stimulus potentially determines the ratio of surviving vs. killed MCs. Comparison of different microorganisms with specific elimination characteristics such as S pyogenes (eliminated by MCs only through extracellular mechanisms), S aureus (removed by phagocytosis), fungi, and parasites has revealed important aspects of MC extracellular trap (MCET) biology. Molecular studies identified that the formation of MCET depends on NADPH oxidase-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this review, we summarize the present state-of-the-art on the biological relevance of MCETosis, and its underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms. We also provide an overview over the techniques used to study the structure and function of MCETs, including electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy using specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to detect MCET-associated proteins such as tryptase and histones, and cell-impermeant DNA dyes for labeling of extracellular DNA. Comparing the type and biofunction of further MCET decorating proteins with ETs produced by other immune cells may help provide a better insight into MCET biology in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders as well as microbial defense.
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14
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Ramos-Martínez E, Hernández-González L, Ramos-Martínez I, Pérez-Campos Mayoral L, López-Cortés GI, Pérez-Campos E, Mayoral Andrade G, Hernández-Huerta MT, José MV. Multiple Origins of Extracellular DNA Traps. Front Immunol 2021; 12:621311. [PMID: 33717121 PMCID: PMC7943724 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.621311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular DNA traps (ETs) are evolutionarily conserved antimicrobial mechanisms present in protozoa, plants, and animals. In this review, we compare their similarities in species of different taxa, and put forward the hypothesis that ETs have multiple origins. Our results are consistent with a process of evolutionary convergence in multicellular organisms through the application of a congruency test. Furthermore, we discuss why multicellularity is related to the presence of a mechanism initiating the formation of ETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Ramos-Martínez
- School of Sciences, Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | | | - Iván Ramos-Martínez
- Glycobiology, Cell Growth and Tissue Repair Research Unit (Gly-CRRET), Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France
| | - Laura Pérez-Campos Mayoral
- Research Centre Medicine UNAM-UABJO, Faculty of Medicine, Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | | | - Eduardo Pérez-Campos
- Biochemistry and Immunology Unit, National Technological of Mexico/ITOaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
- Research Centre Medicine UNAM-UABJO, Faculty of Medicine, Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Mayoral Andrade
- Research Centre Medicine UNAM-UABJO, Faculty of Medicine, Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | | | - Marco V. José
- Theoretical Biology Group, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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15
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Fichtner T, Kotarski F, Hermosilla C, Taubert A, Wrenzycki C. Semen extender and seminal plasma alter the extent of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) formation in cattle. Theriogenology 2020; 160:72-80. [PMID: 33189996 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
During artificial insemination in bovine, the deposition of semen into the uterus results in an immune reaction which is based on polymorphonuclear neutrophils activity, including the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps as a reaction of neutrophils to spermatozoa was recently described. However, it is not completely clear which components of the semen are responsible for this reaction. The objective of this study was to quantify and compare the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps following in vitro incubation of bovine polymorphonuclear neutrophils with semen and extenders of different origins and conditions. We investigated the interactions between bovine polymorphonuclear neutrophils and different semen extenders, various seminal plasma concentrations from young and old bulls as well as sexed and non-sexed semen and their corresponding extenders. Three different semen extenders from two companies in fresh and frozen-thawed conditions were compared. Fresh semen extenders showed higher neutrophil extracellular traps induction than did frozen-thawed ones. The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps were also dependent on the presence of seminal plasma. We could show that seminal plasma alone, without any sperm cells, induced the reaction and that the addition of at least 1% seminal plasma already resulted in the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. Furthermore, seminal plasma from young bulls led to significant higher neutrophil extracellular traps induction. No difference between non-sex-sorted and sex-sorted sperm and its extenders was observed. Taken together, different semen extenders as well as the amount and origin of seminal plasma influence neutrophil extracellular traps formation, whereas sex-sorted sperm did not affect the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Fichtner
- Chair for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Clinic of Veterinary Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 106, 35392, Giessen, Germany; Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, BFS - Biomedizinisches Forschungszentrum Seltersberg, Schubertstraße 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Franziska Kotarski
- Chair for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Clinic of Veterinary Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 106, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Carlos Hermosilla
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, BFS - Biomedizinisches Forschungszentrum Seltersberg, Schubertstraße 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anja Taubert
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, BFS - Biomedizinisches Forschungszentrum Seltersberg, Schubertstraße 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christine Wrenzycki
- Chair for Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Clinic of Veterinary Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 106, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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16
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Zambrano F, Schulz M, Pilatz A, Wagenlehner F, Schuppe HC, Conejeros I, Uribe P, Taubert A, Sánchez R, Hermosilla C. Increase of leucocyte-derived extracellular traps (ETs) in semen samples from human acute epididymitis patients-a pilot study. J Assist Reprod Genet 2020; 37:2223-2231. [PMID: 32651678 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-020-01883-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the effector mechanism against pathogens of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and macrophages, called ETosis, involving the release of extracellular traps (ETs) in patients with acute epididymitis. To assess the different ET phenotypes present in semen samples and to identify correlations between ETosis and clinical parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples from patients diagnosed with acute epididymitis were examined and compared with samples from uninfected controls. Biochemical analyses of seminal fluid included determination of peroxidase, α-glucosidase, fructose, and elastase levels. ETosis in semen was determined through presence of citrullinated histones, global histones, and extracellular DNA. Different ETosis phenotypes such as spread ETs, aggregated ETs, and diffuse ETs were identified by co-localisation of extruded DNA with myeloperoxidase and global histones. Anti-CD15+ and anti-CD68+ antibodies were used to identify different cell lines. RESULTS Revealed a high number of ETs compared with the control group. The mean number of CD15+PMN and CD68+ macrophages was higher in the acute epididymitis group. ETosis increase in ejaculates correlated with clinical parameters such as enhancement of elastase concentrations and diminution of fructose in the semen. CONCLUSIONS This work shows for the first time the presence of ETs and their components in semen from patients with acute epididymitis. The presence of infections is an important factor for induction of ETs in semen. Furthermore, the presence of ETosis in ejaculates is suggestive of developing infectious processes and might possibly have a diagnostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Zambrano
- Laboratory in Reproductive Medicine and Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine-Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT - BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Alemania, 0458, Temuco, Chile.,Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Mabel Schulz
- Laboratory in Reproductive Medicine and Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine-Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT - BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Alemania, 0458, Temuco, Chile.,Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Adrian Pilatz
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Florian Wagenlehner
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hans-Christian Schuppe
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ivan Conejeros
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Pamela Uribe
- Laboratory in Reproductive Medicine and Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine-Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT - BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Alemania, 0458, Temuco, Chile
| | - Anja Taubert
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Raúl Sánchez
- Laboratory in Reproductive Medicine and Molecular Endocrinology, Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine-Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT - BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Alemania, 0458, Temuco, Chile. .,Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
| | - Carlos Hermosilla
- Institute of Parasitology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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