1
|
Tada M, Aoyama M, Ishii-Watabe A. Target-independent Immune-cell Activation by Aggregates of T Cell-redirecting Bispecific Antibodies. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2419-2426. [PMID: 37392901 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
T cell-redirecting bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) have been under development as a new class of biotherapeutics for cancer immunotherapy. T cell-redirecting bsAbs simultaneously bind tumor-associated antigens on tumor cells and CD3 on T cells, resulting in T cell-mediated cytotoxicity against tumor cells. In this study, we prepared a tandem scFv-typed bsAb targeting HER2 and CD3 (HER2-CD3), and evaluated the impact of aggregation of HER2-CD3 on the in vitro immunotoxicity. A cell-based assay using CD3-expressing reporter cells revealed that the aggregates of HER2-CD3 directly activated CD3-expressing immune cells in the absence of target antigen (HER2)-expressing cells. Comparison of the aggregates generated under various stress conditions indicated the possibility that insoluble protein particles, which were detected by qLD analysis and contained non-denatured functional domains, contributed to the activation of CD3-expressing immune cells. In addition, HER2-CD3 aggregates stimulated hPBMCs and strongly induced the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The cytokine/chemokine-release profiles suggested that the aggregates could induce inflammatory responses not only by CD3-mediated T cell activation but also by other immune cell activations. These results indicated the potential risk of aggregation of T cell-redirecting bsAbs, which could induce unwanted immune cell activation and inflammation and thereby immune-mediated adverse reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Tada
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Michihiko Aoyama
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akiko Ishii-Watabe
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aoyama M, Tada M, Ishii-Watabe A. FcγRIIIa-158V/F polymorphism affects the performance of FcγRIIIa-related bioassay. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 608:149-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
3
|
Ebihara T, Masuda A, Takahashi D, Hino M, Mon H, Kakino K, Fujii T, Fujita R, Ueda T, Lee JM, Kusakabe T. Production of scFv, Fab, and IgG of CR3022 Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 Using Silkworm-Baculovirus Expression System. Mol Biotechnol 2021; 63:1223-1234. [PMID: 34304364 PMCID: PMC8310559 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00373-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is currently spreading around the world and causing many casualties. Antibodies against such emerging infectious diseases are one of the important tools for basic viral research and the development of diagnostic and therapeutic agents. CR3022 is a monoclonal antibody against the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein (S protein) of SARS-CoV found in SARS patients, but it was also shown to have strong affinity for that of SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we produced large amounts of three formats of CR3022 antibodies (scFv, Fab and IgG) with high purity using a silkworm-baculovirus expression vector system. Furthermore, SPR measurements showed that the affinity of those silkworm-produced IgG antibodies to S protein was almost the same as that produced in mammalian expression system. These results indicate that the silkworm-baculovirus expression system is an excellent expression system for emerging infectious diseases that require urgent demand for diagnostic agents and therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Ebihara
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Akitsu Masuda
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Laboratory of Protein Structure, Function and Design, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masato Hino
- Laboratory of Sanitary Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mon
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kohei Kakino
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tsuguru Fujii
- Laboratory of Creative Science for Insect Industries, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Fujita
- Laboratory of Sanitary Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ueda
- Laboratory of Protein Structure, Function and Design, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Jae Man Lee
- Laboratory of Creative Science for Insect Industries, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kusakabe
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Takashima S, Kurogochi M, Tsukimura W, Mori M, Osumi K, Sugawara SI, Amano J, Mizuno M, Takada Y, Matsuda A. Preparation and biological activities of anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies with multi-branched complex-type N-glycans. Glycobiology 2021; 31:1401-1414. [PMID: 34192331 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) has a conserved N-glycosylation site at Asn297 in the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region. Previous studies have shown that N-glycosylation of this site is a critical mediator of the antibody's effector functions, such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. While the N-glycan structures attached to the IgG-Fc region are generally heterogenous, IgGs engineered to be homogenously glycosylated with functional N-glycans may improve the efficacy of antibodies. The major glycoforms of the N-glycans on the IgG-Fc region are bi-antennary complex-type N-glycans, while multi-branched complex-type N-glycans are not typically found. However, IgGs with tri-antennary complex-type N-glycans have been generated using the N-glycan remodeling technique, suggesting that more branched N-glycans might be artificially attached. At present, little is known about the properties of these IgGs. In this study, IgGs with multi-branched N-glycans on the Fc region were prepared by using a combination of the glycosynthase/oxazoline substrate-based N-glycan remodeling technique and successive reactions with glycosyltransferases. Among the IgGs produced by these methods, the largest N-glycan attached was a bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) containing a sialylated penta-antennary structure. Concerning the Fc-mediated effector functions, the majority of IgGs with tri- and tetra-antennary N-glycans on their Fc region showed properties similar to IgGs with ordinary bi-antennary N-glycans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shou Takashima
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, The Noguchi Institute, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Masaki Kurogochi
- Laboratory of Glyco-Organic Chemistry, The Noguchi Institute, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Wataru Tsukimura
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, The Noguchi Institute, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Masako Mori
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, The Noguchi Institute, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Kenji Osumi
- Laboratory of Glyco-Organic Chemistry, The Noguchi Institute, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Shu-Ichi Sugawara
- Laboratory of Glyco-Organic Chemistry, The Noguchi Institute, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Junko Amano
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, The Noguchi Institute, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Mamoru Mizuno
- Laboratory of Glyco-Organic Chemistry, The Noguchi Institute, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Yoshio Takada
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, The Noguchi Institute, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Akio Matsuda
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, The Noguchi Institute, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan.,Laboratory of Glyco-Organic Chemistry, The Noguchi Institute, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kiyoshi M, Tatematsu KI, Tada M, Sezutsu H, Shibata H, Ishii-Watabe A. Structural insight and stability of TNFR-Fc fusion protein (Etanercept) produced by using transgenic silkworms. J Biochem 2021; 169:25-33. [PMID: 32766842 PMCID: PMC7868081 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvaa092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic proteins expressed using transgenic animals have been of great interest for several years. Especially, transgenic silkworm has been studied intensively because of its ease in handling, low-cost, high-yield and unique glycosylation patterns. However, the physicochemical property of the therapeutic protein expressed in transgenic silkworm remains elusive. Here, we constructed an expression system for the TNFR-Fc fusion protein (Etanercept) using transgenic silkworm. The TNFR-Fc fusion protein was employed to N-glycan analysis, which revealed an increased amount of afucosylated protein. Evidence from surface plasmon resonance analysis showed that the TNFR-Fc fusion protein exhibit increased binding affinity for Fcγ receptor IIIa and FcRn compared to the commercial Etanercept, emphasizing the profit of expression system using transgenic silkworm. We have further discussed the comparison of higher order structure, thermal stability and aggregation of the TNFR-Fc fusion protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Kiyoshi
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Tatematsu
- Transgenic Silkworm Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Minoru Tada
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Hideki Sezutsu
- Transgenic Silkworm Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Hiroko Shibata
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Akiko Ishii-Watabe
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Alam K, Raviraj VS, Chowdhury T, Bhuimali A, Ghosh P, Saha S. Application of biotechnology in sericulture: Progress, scope and prospect. THE NUCLEUS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13237-021-00355-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
7
|
Yang CC, Yokoi K, Yamamoto K, Jouraku A. An update of KAIKObase, the silkworm genome database. Database (Oxford) 2021; 2021:baaa099. [PMID: 33645624 PMCID: PMC7918157 DOI: 10.1093/database/baaa099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
KAIKObase was established in 2009 as the genome database of the domesticated silkworm Bombyx mori. It provides several gene sets and genetic maps as well as genome annotation obtained from the sequencing project of the International Silkworm Genome Consortium in 2008. KAIKObase has been used widely for silkworm and insect studies even though there are some erroneous predicted genes due to misassembly and gaps in the genome. In 2019, we released a new silkworm genome assembly, showing improvements in gap closure and covering more and longer gene models. Therefore, there is a need to include new genome and new gene models to KAIKObase. In this article, we present the updated contents of KAIKObase and the methods to generate, integrate and analyze the data sets. Database URL: https://kaikobase.dna.affrc.go.jp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-chia Yang
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Kakeru Yokoi
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Kimiko Yamamoto
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Akiya Jouraku
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang F, Guo C, Yang Q, Li C, Zhao P, Xia Q, Kaplan DL. Protein composites from silkworm cocoons as versatile biomaterials. Acta Biomater 2021; 121:180-192. [PMID: 33249226 PMCID: PMC8268066 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Silk is a naturally occurring biopolymer formed into fibers composed primarily of fibroin and sericin proteins. The outstanding mechanical properties of silk fibroin (SF) provides numerous applications for silk-based biomaterials. However, the canonical approaches for fabricating silk-based biomaterials typically involve degumming to remove the silk sericin (SS) to avoid adverse biological effects. Meanwhile, sericin has multiple biological functions including outstanding hydrophilicity, promoting cell attachment that are useful to exploit in new materials, inspiring the use of sericin-based biomaterials for biomedical applications. However, compared to fibroin, sericin is not a structural protein, thus sericin-based materials do not provide robust mechanical properties. To address this problem, we report an effective method for fabricating silk fibroin-sericin protein (SS-SF) composites directly from whole cocoons, negating the traditional extraction step to remove the sericin. This approach combines the material features from both fibroin as a structural unit and sericin as a biological functional unit, to achieve advantages regarding processing and materials properties, not only simplifying processing and maintaining the mechanical properties of the fibroin by avoiding degumming, but also endowing these SS-SF composite materials with enhanced hydrophilicity and cell adhesion performance to promote cell growth and proliferation. In addition, these protein composites could be fabricated into a variety of materials formats (e.g. films, sponges, monoliths) to fit different biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Chengchen Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA; School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, PR China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Chunmei Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Production of Recombinant Monoclonal Antibodies in the Egg White of Gene-Targeted Transgenic Chickens. Genes (Basel) 2020; 12:genes12010038. [PMID: 33396657 PMCID: PMC7823952 DOI: 10.3390/genes12010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased commercial demand for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has resulted in the urgent need to establish efficient production systems. We previously developed a transgenic chicken bioreactor system that effectively produced human cytokines in egg whites using genome-edited transgenic chickens. Here, we describe the application of this system to mAb production. The genes encoding the heavy and light chains of humanized anti-HER2 mAb, linked by a 2A peptide sequence, were integrated into the chicken ovalbumin gene locus using a CRISPR/Cas9 protocol. The knock-in hens produced a fully assembled humanized mAb in their eggs. The mAb expression level in the egg white was 1.4–1.9 mg/mL, as determined by ELISA. Furthermore, the antigen binding affinity of the anti-HER2 mAb obtained was estimated to be equal to that of the therapeutic anti-HER2 mAb (trastuzumab). In addition, antigen-specific binding by the egg white mAb was demonstrated by immunofluorescence against HER2-positive and -negative cells. These results indicate that the chicken bioreactor system can efficiently produce mAbs with antigen binding capacity and can serve as an alternative production system for commercial mAbs.
Collapse
|
10
|
Leem JW, Fraser MJ, Kim YL. Transgenic and Diet-Enhanced Silk Production for Reinforced Biomaterials: A Metamaterial Perspective. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2020; 22:79-102. [PMID: 32160010 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-082719-032747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Silk fibers, which are protein-based biopolymers produced by spiders and silkworms, are fascinating biomaterials that have been extensively studied for numerous biomedical applications. Silk fibers often have remarkable physical and biological properties that typical synthetic materials do not exhibit. These attributes have prompted a wide variety of silk research, including genetic engineering, biotechnological synthesis, and bioinspired fiber spinning, to produce silk proteins on a large scale and to further enhance their properties. In this review, we describe the basic properties of spider silk and silkworm silk and the important production methods for silk proteins. We discuss recent advances in reinforced silk using silkworm transgenesis and functional additive diets with a focus on biomedical applications. We also explain that reinforced silk has an analogy with metamaterials such that user-designed atypical responses can be engineered beyond what naturally occurring materials offer. These insights into reinforced silk can guide better engineering of superior synthetic biomaterials and lead to discoveries of unexplored biological and medical applications of silk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Woo Leem
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Malcolm J Fraser
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.,Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Young L Kim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Regenstrief Center for Healthcare Engineering, and Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Production of a correctly assembled fibrinogen using transgenic silkworms. Transgenic Res 2020; 29:339-353. [PMID: 32367383 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-020-00202-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Fibrinogen from human blood is used as a main component of coagulants, including surgical tissue sealants. The development of a recombinant human fibrinogen (rFib) is anticipated to eliminate the risks of blood-borne infections. Here, we report the efficient production of rFib in a transgenic silkworm system. A silkworm line carrying cDNAs of the fibrinogen Aα and γ chains (Aα/γ-silkworm) produced Aα and γ chains in its cocoons, however, the Bβ chains were not detected from cocoons of another silkworm line carrying the cDNA of fibrinogen Bβ chains (Bβ-silkworm). A silkworm line for all three fibrinogen chains was generated by crossing Aα/γ-silkworms with Bβ-silkworms, which secreted Aα2Bβ2γ2 fibrinogen (rFib) into cocoons at high contents. The N-terminal amino acid sequences of the three rFib chains were identical to those of the corresponding chains of native fibrinogen (nFib). The N-glycan profile of the rFib comprised oligomannose-type (53%), complex-type (34%), and paucimannose-type (13%); neither high-mannose-type (six or more mannose residues) nor core-fucosylated glycans were observed. The coagulation activity of the rFib was evaluated for the amount of thrombin-released fibrinopeptide A (FpA) and the kinetics for turbidity increase (non-covalent network formation) in the solution. FpA release rates were equivalent between rFib and nFib; by contrast, the kinetics of the turbidity increase for rFib were accelerated nearly two-fold, for both the rate and maximum value, compared to those of nFib. These results demonstrate that the rFib produced in the transgenic silkworm system is comparable to nFib in both physical and coagulative properties. This rFib is a promising candidate component for safe hemostatic pharmaceuticals.
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang Y, Wang F, Xu S, Wang R, Chen W, Hou K, Tian C, Wang F, Zhao P, Xia Q. Optimization of a 2A self-cleaving peptide-based multigene expression system for efficient expression of upstream and downstream genes in silkworm. Mol Genet Genomics 2019; 294:849-859. [PMID: 30895377 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-019-01534-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The multigene expression system is highly attractive to co-express multiple genes or multi-subunit complex-based genes for their functional studies, and in gene therapy and visual tracking of expressed proteins. However, the current multiple gene co-expression strategies usually suffer from severe inefficiency and unbalanced expression of multiple genes. Here, we report on an improved 2A self-cleaving peptide (2A)-based multigene expression system (2A-MGES), by introducing an optimized Kozak region (Ck) and altering the gene arrangement, both of which contributed to the efficient expression of two fluorescent protein genes in silkworm. By co-expressing DsRed and EGFP genes in insect cells and silkworms, the potent Ck was first found to improve the translation efficiency of downstream genes, and the expression of the flanking genes of 2A were improved by altering the gene arrangement in 2A-MGES. Moreover, we showed that combining Ck and an optimized gene arrangement in 2A-MGES could synergistically improve the expression of genes in the cell. Further, these two flanking genes, regulated by modified 2A-MGES, were further co-expressed in the middle silk gland and secreted into the cocoon, and both achieved efficient expression in the transgenic silkworms and their cocoons. These results suggested that the modified Ck-2A-MGES will be a potent tool for multiple gene expression, for studies of their functions, and their applications in insect species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuancheng Wang
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wang
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Xu
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Riyuan Wang
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Hou
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Tian
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Wang
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
A silkworm based silk gland bioreactor for high-efficiency production of recombinant human lactoferrin with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. J Biol Eng 2019; 13:61. [PMID: 31312254 PMCID: PMC6612213 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-019-0186-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Silk glands are used by silkworms to spin silk fibers for making their cocoons. These have recently been regarded as bioreactor hosts for the cost-effective production of other valuable exogenous proteins and have drawn wide attention. Results In this study, we established a transgenic silkworm strain which synthesizes the recombinant human lactoferrin (rhLF) in the silk gland and spins them into the cocoon by our previously constructed silk gland based bioreactor system. The yield of the rhLF with the highest expression level was estimated to be 12.07 mg/g cocoon shell weight produced by the transgenic silkworm strain 34. Utilizing a simple purification protocol, 9.24 mg of the rhLF with recovery of 76.55% and purity of 95.45% on average could be purified from 1 g of the cocoons. The purified rhLF was detected with a secondary structure similar with the commercially purchased human lactoferrin. Eight types of N-glycans which dominated by the GlcNAc (4) Man (3) (61.15%) and the GlcNAc (3) Man (3) (17.98%) were identified at the three typical N-glycosylation sites of the rhLF. Biological activities assays showed the significant evidence that the purified rhLF could relief the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cell inflammation in RAW264.7 cells and exhibit potent antibacterial bioactivities against the Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Bacillus subtilis. Conclusions These results show that the middle silk gland of silkworm can be an efficient bioreactor for the mass production of rhLF and the potential application in anti-inflammation and antibacterial. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13036-019-0186-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
14
|
Sifniotis V, Cruz E, Eroglu B, Kayser V. Current Advancements in Addressing Key Challenges of Therapeutic Antibody Design, Manufacture, and Formulation. Antibodies (Basel) 2019; 8:E36. [PMID: 31544842 PMCID: PMC6640721 DOI: 10.3390/antib8020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic antibody technology heavily dominates the biologics market and continues to present as a significant industrial interest in developing novel and improved antibody treatment strategies. Many noteworthy advancements in the last decades have propelled the success of antibody development; however, there are still opportunities for improvement. In considering such interest to develop antibody therapies, this review summarizes the array of challenges and considerations faced in the design, manufacture, and formulation of therapeutic antibodies, such as stability, bioavailability and immunological engagement. We discuss the advancement of technologies that address these challenges, highlighting key antibody engineered formats that have been adapted. Furthermore, we examine the implication of novel formulation technologies such as nanocarrier delivery systems for the potential to formulate for pulmonary delivery. Finally, we comprehensively discuss developments in computational approaches for the strategic design of antibodies with modulated functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vicki Sifniotis
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
| | - Esteban Cruz
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
| | - Barbaros Eroglu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
| | - Veysel Kayser
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Aoyama M, Hashii N, Tsukimura W, Osumi K, Harazono A, Tada M, Kiyoshi M, Matsuda A, Ishii-Watabe A. Effects of terminal galactose residues in mannose α1-6 arm of Fc-glycan on the effector functions of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. MAbs 2019; 11:826-836. [PMID: 30990348 PMCID: PMC6601563 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1608143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Typical crystallizable fragment (Fc) glycans attached to the CH2 domain in therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are core-fucosylated and asialo-biantennary complex-type glycans, e.g., G2F (full galactosylation), G1aF (terminal galactosylation on the Man α1-6 arm), G1bF (terminal galactosylation on the Man α1-3 arm), and G0F (non-galactosylation). Terminal galactose (Gal) residues of Fc-glycans are known to influence effector functions such as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), but the impact of the G1F isomers (G1aF and G1bF) on the effector functions has not been reported. Here, we prepared four types of glycoengineered anti-CD20 mAbs bearing homogeneous G2F, G1aF, G1bF, or G0F (G2F mAb, G1aF mAb, G1bF mAb, or G0F mAb, respectively), and evaluated their biological activities. Interestingly, G1aF mAb showed higher C1q- and FcγR-binding activities, CDC activity, and FcγR-activation property than G1bF mAb. The activities of G1aF mAb and G1bF mAb were at the same level as G2F mAb and G0F mAb, respectively. Hydrogen–deuterium exchange/mass spectrometry analysis of dynamic structures of mAbs revealed the greater involvement of the terminal Gal residue on the Man α1-6 arm in the structural stability of the CH2 domain. Considering that mAbs interact with FcγR and C1q via their hinge proximal region in the CH2 domain, the structural stabilization of the CH2 domain by the terminal Gal residue on the Man α1-6 arm of Fc-glycans may be important for the effector functions of mAbs. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing the impact of G1F isomers on the effector functions and dynamic structure of mAbs. Abbreviations: ABC, ammonium bicarbonate solution; ACN, acetonitrile; ADCC, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity; C1q, complement component 1q; CDC, complement-dependent cytotoxicity; CQA, critical quality attribute; Endo, endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase; FA, formic acid; Fc, crystallizable fragment; FcγR, Fcγ receptors; Fuc, fucose; Gal, galactose; GlcNAc, N-acetylglucosamine; GST, glutathione S-transferase; HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; HDX, hydrogen–deuterium exchange; HILIC, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography; HLB-SPE, hydrophilic-lipophilic balance–solid-phase extraction; HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography; mAb, monoclonal antibody; Man, mannose; MS, mass spectrometry; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; SGP, hen egg yolk sialylglycopeptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michihiko Aoyama
- a Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals , National Institute of Health Sciences , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Noritaka Hashii
- a Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals , National Institute of Health Sciences , Kanagawa , Japan
| | | | | | - Akira Harazono
- a Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals , National Institute of Health Sciences , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Minoru Tada
- a Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals , National Institute of Health Sciences , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Masato Kiyoshi
- a Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals , National Institute of Health Sciences , Kanagawa , Japan
| | | | - Akiko Ishii-Watabe
- a Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals , National Institute of Health Sciences , Kanagawa , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Antibodies are immunoglobulins that play essential roles in immune systems. All antibodies are glycoproteins that carry at least one or more conserved N-linked oligosaccharides (N-glycans) at the Fc domain. Many studies have demonstrated that both the presence and fine structures of the attached glycans can exert a profound impact on the biological functions and therapeutic efficacy of antibodies. However, antibodies usually exist as mixtures of heterogeneous glycoforms that are difficult to separate in pure glycoforms. Recent progress in glycoengineering has provided useful methods that enable production of glycan-defined and site-selectively modified antibodies for functional studies and for improved therapeutic efficacy. This review highlights major approaches in glycoengineering of antibodies with a focus on recent advances in three areas: glycoengineering through glycan biosynthetic pathway manipulation, glycoengineering through in vitro chemoenzymatic glycan remodeling, and glycoengineering of antibodies for site-specific antibody-drug conjugation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lai-Xi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA; , , , ,
| | - Xin Tong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA; , , , ,
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA; , , , ,
| | - John P Giddens
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA; , , , ,
| | - Tiezheng Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA; , , , ,
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang Y, Wang F, Xu S, Wang R, Chen W, Hou K, Tian C, Wang F, Yu L, Lu Z, Zhao P, Xia Q. Genetically engineered bi-functional silk material with improved cell proliferation and anti-inflammatory activity for medical application. Acta Biomater 2019; 86:148-157. [PMID: 30586645 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Functional silk is a promising material for future medical applications. These include fabrication of diverse silk fiber and silk protein-regenerated biomaterials such as silk sutures, hydrogel, films, and 3D scaffolds for wound healing and tissue regeneration and reconstruction. Here, a novel bi-functional silk with improved cell proliferation and anti-inflammatory activities was created by co-expressing the human basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF_β1) genes in silkworm. First, both FGF2 and TGF_β1 genes were confirmed to be successfully expressed in silk thread. The characterization of silk properties by SEM, FTIR, and mechanical tests showed that this new silk (FT silk) had a similar diameter, inner molecular composition, and mechanical properties as those of normal silk. Additionally, expressed FGF2 and TGF_β1 proteins were continuously and slowly released from FT silk for one week. Most importantly, the FGF2 and TGF_β1 contained in FT silk not only promoted cell proliferation by activating the ERK pathway but also significantly reduced LPS-induced inflammation responses in macrophages by mediating the Smad pathway. Moreover, this FT silk had no apparent toxicity for cell growth and caused no cell inflammation. These properties suggest that it has a potential for medical applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Silk spun by domestic silkworm is a promising material for fabricating various silk protein regenerated biomaterials in medical area, since it owes good biocompatibility, biodegradability and low immunogenicity. Recently, fabricating various functional silk fibers and regenerated silk protein biomaterials which has ability of releasing functional protein factor is the hot point field. This study is a first time to create a novel bi-functional silk material with the improved cell proliferation and anti-inflammatory activity by genetic engineered technology. This novel silk has a great application potential as new and novel medical material, and this study also provides a new strategy to create various functional or multifunctional silk fiber materials in future.
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang R, Tang C, Guo H, Tang B, Hou S, Zhao L, Wang J, Ding F, Zhao J, Wang H, Chen Z, Dai Y, Li N. A novel glycosylated anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody from transgenic cattle. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13208. [PMID: 30181542 PMCID: PMC6123398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31417-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The monoclonal antibody (mAb) against CD20 known as Rituxan is widely used to treat autoimmune diseases and lymphomas. However, further application of Rituxan faces challenges of high production cost, which limits its availability in developing countries. Here, we report a new approach for large production of a recombinant anti-CD20 mAb in the milk of transgenic cattle (at a yield of up to ~6.8 mg/mL), with ~80% recovery rate and >99% purity. Crystallography study showed that our recombinant mAb is structurally nearly identical to Rituxan with only minor differences in N-linked glycosylation pattern. Functional study showed that, while our mAb shared similar target-cell binding capacities and complement-dependent cytotoxicity with Rituxan, our product exhibited a higher binding affinity for FcγRIIIα and a greater antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Accordingly, our recombinant mAb demonstrated a superior efficacy over Rituxan against B-cell lymphomas in severe combined immunodeficiency mice. Taken together, our data supports transgenic cattle as a novel model for cost-competitive, large-scale production of therapeutic antibodies.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified/genetics
- Animals, Genetically Modified/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antigens, CD20/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Biotechnology/methods
- Cattle/genetics
- Cattle/immunology
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Glycosylation
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Mice, SCID
- Milk/immunology
- Milk/metabolism
- Rituximab/chemistry
- Rituximab/genetics
- Rituximab/immunology
- Rituximab/therapeutic use
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100194, China
| | - Chenjun Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100194, China
| | - Huaizu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Antibody Medicine and Targeted Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Wuxi KGBIO biotechnology Limited Liability Company, Wuxi, 214145, China
| | - Sheng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Antibody Medicine and Targeted Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Normal Aging and Geriatric, Institute of Geriatric, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jianwu Wang
- Wuxi KGBIO biotechnology Limited Liability Company, Wuxi, 214145, China
| | - Fangrong Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100194, China
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- Wuxi KGBIO biotechnology Limited Liability Company, Wuxi, 214145, China
| | - Haiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100194, China
| | - Zhongzhou Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100194, China
| | - Yunping Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100194, China.
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100194, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Effects of amino acid substitutions on the biological activity of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody produced by transgenic silkworms (Bombyx mori). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:2633-2638. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
20
|
Itoh K, Nishioka SI, Hidaka T, Tsuji D, Maita N. Development of Enzyme Drugs Derived from Transgenic Silkworms to Treat Lysosomal Diseases. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2018; 138:885-893. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.17-00202-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kohji Itoh
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, Institute for Medicinal Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - So-ichiro Nishioka
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, Institute for Medicinal Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Tomo Hidaka
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Daisuke Tsuji
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, Institute for Medicinal Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | - Nobuo Maita
- Division of Disease Proteomics, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tomita M. Development of Large Scale Silkworm-rearing Technologies for the GMP Production of Biologics. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2018; 138:875-884. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.17-00202-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Tomita
- Transgenic Silkworm Department, Immuno-Biological Laboratories Co., Ltd
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sezutsu H, Sumitani M, Kondo M, Kobayashi I, Takasu Y, Suzuki T, Yonemura N, Iizuka T, Uchino K, Tamura T, Tsubota T, Tatematsu KI. Construction of a Platform for the Development of Pharmaceutical and Medical Applications Using Transgenic Silkworms. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2018; 138:863-874. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.17-00202-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Sezutsu
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Megumi Sumitani
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Mari Kondo
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Isao Kobayashi
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Yoko Takasu
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Takao Suzuki
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Naoyuki Yonemura
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Tetsuya Iizuka
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Keiro Uchino
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Toshiki Tamura
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Takuya Tsubota
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Ken-ichiro Tatematsu
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kim YM, Park JS, Kim SK, Jung KM, Hwang YS, Han M, Lee HJ, Seo HW, Suh JY, Han BK, Han JY. The transgenic chicken derived anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies exhibits greater anti-cancer therapeutic potential with enhanced Fc effector functions. Biomaterials 2018; 167:58-68. [PMID: 29554481 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Modern genetic techniques, enable the use of animal bioreactor systems for the production and functional enhancement of anti-cancer antibodies. Chicken is the most efficient animal bioreactor for the production of anti-cancer antibodies because of its relatively short generation time, plentiful reproductive capacity, and daily deposition in the egg white. Although several studies have focused on the production of anti-cancer antibodies in egg white, in-depth studies of the biological activity and physiological characteristics of transgenic chicken-derived anti-cancer antibodies have not been fully carried out. Here, we report the production of an anti-cancer monoclonal antibody against the CD20 protein from egg whites of transgenic hens, and validated the bio-functional activity of the protein in B-lymphoma and B-lymphoblast cells. Quantitative analysis showed that deposition of the chickenised CD20 monoclonal antibody (cCD20 mAb) from transgenic chickens increased in successive generations and with increasing transgene copy number. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) analysis showed that the cCD20 mAb exhibited 14 N-glycan patterns with high-mannose, afucosylation and terminal galactosylation. The cCD20 mAb did not exhibit significantly improved Fab-binding affinity, but showed markedly enhanced Fc-related functions, including complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) compared to commercial rituximab, a chimeric mAb against CD20. Our results suggest that the transgenic chicken bioreactor is an efficient system for producing anti-cancer therapeutic antibodies with enhanced Fc effector functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Min Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jin Se Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Sang Kyung Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Kyung Min Jung
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Young Sun Hwang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Mookyoung Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hong Jo Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hee Won Seo
- Samsung Bioepis Co., Ltd, 107, Cheomdan-daero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21987, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Yong Suh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Beom Ku Han
- Optipharm Inc, 63, Osongsaengmyeong 6-ro, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbku-do, South Korea
| | - Jae Yong Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Minamiminowa, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mouchahoir T, Schiel JE. Development of an LC-MS/MS peptide mapping protocol for the NISTmAb. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:2111-2126. [PMID: 29411091 PMCID: PMC5830484 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0848-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Peptide mapping is a component of the analytical toolbox used within the biopharmaceutical industry to aid in the identity confirmation of a protein therapeutic and to monitor degradative events such as oxidation or deamidation. These methods offer the advantage of providing site-specific information regarding post-translational and chemical modifications that may arise during production, processing or storage. A number of such variations may also be induced by the sample preparation methods themselves which may confound the ability to accurately evaluate the true modification levels. One important focus when developing a peptide mapping method should therefore be the use of sample preparation conditions that will minimize the degree of artificial modifications induced. Unfortunately, the conditions that are amenable to effective reduction, alkylation and digestion are often the same conditions that promote unwanted modifications. Here we describe the optimization of a tryptic digestion protocol used for peptide mapping of the NISTmAb IgG1κ which addresses the challenge of balancing maximum digestion efficiency with minimum artificial modifications. The parameters on which we focused include buffer concentration, digestion time and temperature, as well as the source and type of trypsin (recombinant vs. pancreatic; bovine vs porcine) used. Using the optimized protocol we generated a peptide map of the NISTmAb which allowed us to confirm its identity at the level of primary structure. Graphical abstract Peptide map of the NISTmAb RM 8671 monoclonal antibody. Tryptic digestion was performed using an optimized protocol and followed by LC-UV-MS analysis. The trace represents the total ion chromatogram. Each peak was mapped to peptides identified using mass spectrometry data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trina Mouchahoir
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
| | - John E Schiel
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Egashira Y, Nagatoishi S, Kiyoshi M, Ishii-Watabe A, Tsumoto K. Characterization of glycoengineered anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies produced by using a silkworm–baculovirus expression system. J Biochem 2018; 163:481-488. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvy021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Egashira
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Protein Development Center, Sysmex Corporation, Sayama, Saitama 350-1332, Japan
| | - Satoru Nagatoishi
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Masato Kiyoshi
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Akiko Ishii-Watabe
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
During the development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and other therapeutic proteins, immunogenicity, in particular the induction of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs), is an important concern, and thus immunogenicity assessment is a requirement for their approval. Establishment of appropriate methods for detecting and characterizing ADAs is necessary for immunogenicity assessment, but the lack of commonly available reference standards makes it difficult to compare and evaluate the methods. It is also difficult to compare the data with those obtained by other methods or facilities without reference standards. Here, we developed a panel of ADAs against anti-CD20 rituximab (Rituxan®, MabThera®); the panel consisted of eight clones of recombinant human-rat chimeric mAbs that target rituximab. The anti-rituximab mAbs showed different binding properties (specificity, epitope and affinity), and different neutralization potencies for CD20 binding, complement-dependent cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. The molecular size of the immune complex consisting of rituximab and the anti-rituximab mAb differed among the clones, and was well correlated with their level of Fcγ-receptor activation. These results suggest that the ADAs chosen for the newly developed panel are suitable surrogates for human ADAs, which exhibit different potential to affect the efficacy and safety of rituximab. Next, we used this panel to compare several ADA-detecting assays and revealed that the assays had different abilities to detect the ADAs with different binding characteristics. We conclude that our panel of ADAs against rituximab will be useful for the future development and characterization of assays for immunogenicity assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Tada
- a Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals , National Institute of Health Sciences , Kawasaki, Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Takuo Suzuki
- a Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals , National Institute of Health Sciences , Kawasaki, Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Akiko Ishii-Watabe
- a Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals , National Institute of Health Sciences , Kawasaki, Kanagawa , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Motokawa Y, Kokubo M, Kuwabara N, Tatematsu KI, Sezutsu H, Takahashi H, Sakakura K, Chikamatsu K, Takeda S. Melanoma antigen family A4 protein produced by transgenic silkworms induces antitumor immune responses. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:2512-2518. [PMID: 29563979 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical trials with the aim of developing tumor antigen (TA)-specific cancer vaccines against a number of malignancies have focused on the identification of TAs presented by tumor cells and recognized by T cells. In the present study, the TA melanoma antigen family A4 (MAGE-A4) protein was produced using a transgenic (TG) silkworm system. Using in vitro stimulation, it was subsequently determined whether MAGE-A4 protein induced MAGE-A4-specific T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy donors. TG silkworm lines expressing a MAGE-A4 gene under an upstream activating sequence (UAS) were mated with those expressing a yeast transcription activator protein (GAL4) at the middle silk glands (MSGs) and embryos that harbored both the GAL4 and UAS constructs were selected. Recombinant MAGE-A4 protein was extracted from the MSGs of TG silkworms and evaluated using SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis. It was observed that MAGE-A4 produced by the TG silkworm system successfully induced MAGE-A4-specific CD4+ T cell responses. Furthermore, MAGE-A4-specific CD4+ T cells recognized antigen-presenting cells when pulsed with a MAGE-A4+ tumor cell lysate. The present data suggests that recombinant tumor antigen production using the TG silkworm system may be a novel tool in the preparation of cancer vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Motokawa
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Division of Molecular Science, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Michifumi Kokubo
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Division of Molecular Science, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kuwabara
- Gunma Sericultural Technology Center, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8570, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Tatematsu
- Transgenic Silkworm Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Hideki Sezutsu
- Transgenic Silkworm Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Takahashi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Koichi Sakakura
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chikamatsu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Shigeki Takeda
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Division of Molecular Science, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Co-expression of BirA with biotin bait achieves in vivo biotinylation of overexpressed stable N-glycosylated sRAGE in transgenic silkworms. Sci Rep 2017; 7:356. [PMID: 28336960 PMCID: PMC5428419 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00420-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we demonstrated the expression of the N-glycosylated extracellular ligand binding domain of receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) in middle silk glands (MSGs) of transgenic silkworms using the GAL4/UAS system. Over 1 mg of sRAGE was obtained from one transgenic silkworm. sRAGE purified from the silkworm exhibited good stability and maintained specific ligand-binding ability. In addition, N-glycan analysis of sRAGE revealed that N-glucan completely lacked potentially allergenic fucose. Moreover, co-expression of biotin ligase (BirA) with C-terminal BioEase-tagged sRAGE in MSGs resulted in efficient biotinylation of sRAGE after addition of biotin bait. C-terminal biotinylated sRAGE could be immobilized onto a solid surface in one direction through binding to streptavidin without any loss of ability. The dissociation constant of sRAGE with fructose-BSA, a typical RAGE ligand, was 7.25 × 10−7 M, consistent with that on the mammalian cell surface. Thus, we developed a novel, innovative silkworm expression system for efficient expression of recombinant sRAGE, which could serve as a basis for the elucidation of RAGE-ligand interactions and facilitate the search for new ligands and inhibitors.
Collapse
|
29
|
Takakura M, Tada M, Ishii-Watabe A. Development of cell-based assay for predictively evaluating the FcγR-mediated human immune cell activation by therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 485:189-194. [PMID: 28196745 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have important roles in treatments for various cancers and inflammatory diseases. Their highly target specificities provide controlled safety profiles. However, therapeutic mAbs commonly pose a risk of the induction of the release of cytokines, which may result in adverse events including infusion reaction and cytokine release syndrome. Several mechanisms are involved in the cytokine releases induced by therapeutic mAbs, and the activation of immune effector cells via Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) is one of the putative mechanisms for most IgG-subclass mAbs. The relationship between cytokine releases and mAbs' Fc functions is not fully understood. Here we developed a simple reporter cell-based assay for estimating the FcγR-mediated activation of human immune effector cells by mAbs. Our use of the cell-based assay to compare Fc-engineered mAbs with different FcγR-activation profiles revealed that the releases of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) induced by the mAbs were elevated by treatment with Fc-engineered mAbs with higher FcγR-activation properties. Our results also suggested the involvement of monocytic effector cells in the activation of hPBMCs as sources of released cytokines and chemokines, which may lead to the immune cell-mediated adverse events. Our new reporter cell assay is a promising tool for evaluating and predicting the activation of human immune cells by novel Fc-engineered mAbs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Takakura
- AMED, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan; Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Minoru Tada
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan.
| | - Akiko Ishii-Watabe
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Calow J, Behrens AJ, Mader S, Bockau U, Struwe WB, Harvey DJ, Cormann KU, Nowaczyk MM, Loser K, Schinor D, Hartmann MWW, Crispin M. Antibody production using a ciliate generates unusual antibody glycoforms displaying enhanced cell-killing activity. MAbs 2016; 8:1498-1511. [PMID: 27594301 PMCID: PMC5098438 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1228504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody glycosylation is a key parameter in the optimization of antibody therapeutics. Here, we describe the production of the anti-cancer monoclonal antibody rituximab in the unicellular ciliate, Tetrahymena thermophila. The resulting antibody demonstrated enhanced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, which we attribute to unusual N-linked glycosylation. Detailed chromatographic and mass spectrometric analysis revealed afucosylated, oligomannose-type glycans, which, as a whole, displayed isomeric structures that deviate from the typical human counterparts, but whose branches were equivalent to fragments of metabolic intermediates observed in human glycoproteins. From the analysis of deposited crystal structures, we predict that the ciliate glycans adopt protein-carbohydrate interactions with the Fc domain that closely mimic those of native complex-type glycans. In addition, terminal glucose structures were identified that match biosynthetic precursors of human glycosylation. Our results suggest that ciliate-based expression systems offer a route to large-scale production of monoclonal antibodies exhibiting glycosylation that imparts enhanced cell killing activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna-Janina Behrens
- b Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | | | | | - Weston B Struwe
- b Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - David J Harvey
- b Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Kai U Cormann
- c Plant Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| | - Marc M Nowaczyk
- c Plant Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum , Bochum , Germany
| | - Karin Loser
- d Department of Dermatology , University of Münster , Münster , Germany
| | - Daniel Schinor
- e Wessling GmbH, Pharmaanalytik Münster , Münster , Germany
| | | | - Max Crispin
- b Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Itoh K, Kobayashi I, Nishioka SI, Sezutsu H, Machii H, Tamura T. Recent progress in development of transgenic silkworms overexpressing recombinant human proteins with therapeutic potential in silk glands. Drug Discov Ther 2016; 10:34-9. [DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2016.01024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kohji Itoh
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, Institute for Medicinal Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | | | - So-ichiro Nishioka
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, Institute for Medicinal Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|