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Ansari I, Singh AK, Kapoor A, Mukhopadhyay A. Unconventional role of Rab4 in the secretory pathway in Leishmania. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119687. [PMID: 38342312 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Leishmania donovani is an auxotroph for heme. Parasite acquires heme by clathrin-mediated endocytosis of hemoglobin by specific receptor. However, the regulation of receptor recycling pathway is not known in Leishmania. Here, we have cloned, expressed and characterized the Rab4 homologue from L. donovani. We have found that LdRab4 localizes in both early endosomes and Golgi in L. donovani. To understand the role of LdRab4 in L. donovani, we have generated transgenic parasites overexpressing GFP-LdRab4:WT, GFP-LdRab4:Q67L, and GFP-LdRab4:S22N. Our results have shown that overexpression of GFP-LdRab4:Q67L or GFP-LdRab4:S22N does not alter the cell surface localization of hemoglobin receptor in L. donovani. Surprisingly, we have found that overexpression of GFP-LdRab4:S22N significantly blocks the transport of Ldgp63 to the cell surface whereas the trafficking of Ldgp63 is induced to the cell surface in GFP-LdRab4:WT and GFP-LdRab4:Q67L overexpressing parasites. Consequently, we have found significant inhibition of gp63 secretion by GFP-LdRab4:S22N overexpressing parasites whereas secretion of Ldgp63 is enhanced in GFP-LdRab4:WT and GFP-LdRab4:Q67L overexpressing parasites in comparison to untransfected control parasites. Moreover, we have found that survival of transgenic parasites overexpressing GFP-LdRab4:S22N is severely compromised in macrophages in comparison to GFP-LdRab4:WT and GFP-LdRab4:Q67L expressing parasites. These results demonstrated that LdRab4 unconventionally regulates the secretory pathway in L. donovani.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Ansari
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Haus Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Amir Kumar Singh
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Haus Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Anjali Kapoor
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Haus Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Amitabha Mukhopadhyay
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Haus Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
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2
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König T, McBride HM. Mitochondrial-derived vesicles in metabolism, disease, and aging. Cell Metab 2024; 36:21-35. [PMID: 38171335 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are central hubs of cellular metabolism and are tightly connected to signaling pathways. The dynamic plasticity of mitochondria to fuse, divide, and contact other organelles to flux metabolites is central to their function. To ensure bona fide functionality and signaling interconnectivity, diverse molecular mechanisms evolved. An ancient and long-overlooked mechanism is the generation of mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs) that shuttle selected mitochondrial cargoes to target organelles. Just recently, we gained significant insight into the mechanisms and functions of MDV transport, ranging from their role in mitochondrial quality control to immune signaling, thus demonstrating unexpected and diverse physiological aspects of MDV transport. This review highlights the origin of MDVs, their biogenesis, and their cargo selection, with a specific focus on the contribution of MDV transport to signaling across cell and organ barriers. Additionally, the implications of MDVs in peroxisome biogenesis, neurodegeneration, metabolism, aging, and cancer are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim König
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Heidi M McBride
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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3
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Runsala M, Kuokkanen E, Uski E, Šuštar V, Balci MÖ, Rajala J, Paavola V, Mattila PK. The Small GTPase Rab7 Regulates Antigen Processing in B Cells in a Possible Interplay with Autophagy Machinery. Cells 2023; 12:2566. [PMID: 37947644 PMCID: PMC10649364 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In B cells, antigen processing and peptide-antigen (pAg) presentation is essential to ignite high-affinity antibody responses with the help of cognate T cells. B cells efficiently internalize and direct specific antigens for processing and loading onto MHCII. This critical step, which enables pAg presentation, occurs in MHCII compartments (MIICs) which possess the enzymatic machinery for pAg loading on MHCII. The intracellular transport systems that guide antigen and maintain this unique compartment remain enigmatic. Here, we probed the possible functional role of two known endosomal proteins, the Rab family small GTPases Rab7 and Rab9, that are both reported to colocalize with internalized antigen. As compared to Rab9, we found Rab7 to exhibit a higher overlap with antigen and MIIC components. Rab7 also showed a higher association with antigen degradation. The inhibition of Rab7 drastically decreased pAg presentation. Additionally, we detected the strong colocalization of perinuclearly clustered and presumably MIIC-associated antigen with autophagy protein LC3. When we pharmacologically inhibited autophagy, pAg presentation was inhibited. Together, our data promote Rab7 as an important regulator of antigen processing and, considering the previously reported functions of Rab7 in autophagy, this also raises the possibility of the involvement of autophagy-related machinery in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Runsala
- Institute of Biomedicine, and MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Elina Kuokkanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, and MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Eveliina Uski
- Institute of Biomedicine, and MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Vid Šuštar
- Institute of Biomedicine, and MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Meryem Özge Balci
- Institute of Biomedicine, and MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Rajala
- Institute of Biomedicine, and MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Vilma Paavola
- Institute of Biomedicine, and MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Pieta K. Mattila
- Institute of Biomedicine, and MediCity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
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4
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Kim HG, Ro MH, Lee M. Atg5 knockout induces alternative autophagy via the downregulation of Akt expression. Toxicol Res 2023; 39:637-647. [PMID: 37779593 PMCID: PMC10541375 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-023-00191-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy play contradictory roles in cellular transformation. We previously found that the knockout (KO) of autophagy-related 5 (Atg5), which is essential for autophagy, leads to the malignant transformation of NIH 3T3 cells. In this study, we explored the mechanism by which autophagy contributes to this malignant transformation using two transformed cell lines, Atg5 KO and Ras-NIH 3T3. Monomeric red fluorescent protein-green fluorescent protein-light chain 3 reporter and Cyto-ID staining revealed that Ras-NIH 3T3 cells exhibited higher basal autophagy activity than NIH 3T3 cells. Additionally, transformed cells, regardless of their Atg5 KO status, were more sensitive to autophagy inhibitors (SBI-0206965, chloroquine, and obatoclax) than the untransformed NIH 3T3 cells, suggesting that the transformed cells are more autophagy-dependent than the normal cells. Loss of Atg5 improved the cell viability and mobility, especially in Ras-NIH 3T3 cells. Furthermore, we discovered that autophagy was alternatively induced in a Rab9-dependent manner in Ras-NIH 3T3 and NIH 3T3/Atg5 KO cells. In particular, Atg5 KO cells showed reduced mTOR-mediated phosphorylation of Akt (pAkt S473), indicating the mTOR-independent occurrence of alternative autophagy in Atg5 KO cells. Therefore, our study provides evidence that alternative autophagy may contribute to tumorigenesis in cells with an impaired Atg5-dependent autophagy pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43188-023-00191-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Gyo Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-Ro, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon, 22012 Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Han Ro
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-Ro, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon, 22012 Republic of Korea
| | - Michael Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-Ro, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon, 22012 Republic of Korea
- Institute for New Drug Development, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012 Republic of Korea
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5
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Klein M, Failla AV, Hermey G. Internally tagged Vps10p-domain receptors reveal uptake of the neurotrophin BDNF. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105216. [PMID: 37660918 PMCID: PMC10540051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Vps10p-domain (Vps10p-D) receptor family consists of Sortilin, SorLA, SorCS1, SorCS2, and SorCS3. They mediate internalization and intracellular sorting of specific cargo in various cell types, but underlying molecular determinants are incompletely understood. Deciphering the dynamic intracellular itineraries of Vps10p-D receptors is crucial for understanding their role in physiological and cytopathological processes. However, studying their spatial and temporal dynamics by live imaging has been challenging so far, as terminal tagging with fluorophores presumably impedes several of their protein interactions and thus functions. Here, we addressed the lack of appropriate tools and developed functional versions of all family members internally tagged in their ectodomains. We predict folding of the newly designed receptors by bioinformatics and show their exit from the endoplasmic reticulum. We examined their subcellular localization in immortalized cells and primary cultured neurons by immunocytochemistry and live imaging. This was, as far as known, identical to that of wt counterparts. We observed homodimerization of fluorophore-tagged SorCS2 by coimmunoprecipitation and fluorescence lifetime imaging, suggesting functional leucine-rich domains. Through ligand uptake experiments, live imaging and fluorescence lifetime imaging, we show for the first time that all Vps10p-D receptors interact with the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor and mediate its uptake, indicating functionality of the Vps10p-Ds. In summary, we developed versions of all Vps10p-D receptors, with internal fluorophore tags that preserve several functions of the cytoplasmic and extracellular domains. These newly developed fluorophore-tagged receptors are likely to serve as powerful functional tools for accurate live studies of the individual cellular functions of Vps10p-D receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Klein
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | | | - Guido Hermey
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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6
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Picca A, Guerra F, Calvani R, Coelho-Júnior HJ, Landi F, Bucci C, Marzetti E. Mitochondrial-Derived Vesicles: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13835. [PMID: 37762138 PMCID: PMC10531235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy is crucial for maintaining mitochondrial quality. However, its assessment in vivo is challenging. The endosomal-lysosomal system is a more accessible pathway through which subtypes of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which also contain mitochondrial constituents, are released for disposal. The inclusion of mitochondrial components into EVs occurs in the setting of mild mitochondrial damage and during impairment of lysosomal function. By releasing mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs), cells limit the unload of mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns with proinflammatory activity. Both positive and negative effects of EVs on recipient cells have been described. Whether this is due to the production of EVs other than those containing mitochondria, such as MDVs, holding specific biological functions is currently unknown. Evidence on the existence of different MDV subtypes has been produced. However, their characterization is not always pursued, which would be relevant to exploring the dynamics of mitochondrial quality control in health and disease. Furthermore, MDV classification may be instrumental in understanding their biological roles and promoting their implementation as biomarkers in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Picca
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, 70010 Casamassima, Italy;
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (E.M.)
| | - Flora Guerra
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.G.); (C.B.)
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (E.M.)
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Hélio José Coelho-Júnior
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Landi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (E.M.)
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.G.); (C.B.)
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (F.L.); (E.M.)
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
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7
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Buser DP, Spang A. Protein sorting from endosomes to the TGN. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1140605. [PMID: 36895788 PMCID: PMC9988951 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1140605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Retrograde transport from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network is essential for recycling of protein and lipid cargoes to counterbalance anterograde membrane traffic. Protein cargo subjected to retrograde traffic include lysosomal acid-hydrolase receptors, SNARE proteins, processing enzymes, nutrient transporters, a variety of other transmembrane proteins, and some extracellular non-host proteins such as viral, plant, and bacterial toxins. Efficient delivery of these protein cargo molecules depends on sorting machineries selectively recognizing and concentrating them for their directed retrograde transport from endosomal compartments. In this review, we outline the different retrograde transport pathways governed by various sorting machineries involved in endosome-to-TGN transport. In addition, we discuss how this transport route can be analyzed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Spang
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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8
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Matsui T, Sakamaki Y, Nakashima S, Fukuda M. Rab39 and its effector UACA regulate basolateral exosome release from polarized epithelial cells. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110875. [PMID: 35649370 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that originate from the intraluminal vesicles of multivesicular bodies (MVBs). We previously reported that polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells secrete two types of exosomes, apical and basolateral exosomes, from different MVBs. However, how these MVBs are selectively targeted to the apical or basolateral membrane remained unknown. Here, we analyze members of the Rab family small GTPases and show that different sets of Rabs mediate asymmetrical exosome release. Rab27, the best-known regulator of MVB transport for exosome release, is specifically but partially involved in apical exosome release, and Rab37, a close homolog of Rab27, is an additional apical exosome regulator. By contrast, Rab39 functions as a specific regulator of basolateral exosome release. Mechanistically, Rab39 interacts with its effector UACA, and UACA then recruits Lyspersin, a component of BLOC-1-related complex (BORC). Our findings suggest that the Rab39-UACA-BORC complex specifically mediates basolateral exosome release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahide Matsui
- Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Yuriko Sakamaki
- Microscopy Research Support Unit Research Core, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Shumpei Nakashima
- Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Fukuda
- Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.
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9
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Early Endosomal Vps34-Derived Phosphatidylinositol-3-Phosphate Is Indispensable for the Biogenesis of the Endosomal Recycling Compartment. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060962. [PMID: 35326413 PMCID: PMC8946653 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI3P), a major identity tag of early endosomes (EEs), provides a platform for the recruitment of numerous cellular proteins containing an FYVE or PX domain that is required for PI3P-dependent maturation of EEs. Most of the PI3P in EEs is generated by the activity of Vps34, a catalytic component of class III phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate kinase (PI3Ks) complex. In this study, we analyzed the role of Vps34-derived PI3P in the EE recycling circuit of unperturbed cells using VPS34-IN1 (IN1), a highly specific inhibitor of Vps34. IN1-mediated PI3P depletion resulted in the rapid dissociation of recombinant FYVE- and PX-containing PI3P-binding modules and endogenous PI3P-binding proteins, including EEA1 and EE sorting nexins. IN1 treatment triggered the rapid restructuring of EEs into a PI3P-independent functional configuration, and after IN1 washout, EEs were rapidly restored to a PI3P-dependent functional configuration. Analysis of the PI3P-independent configuration showed that the Vps34-derived PI3P is not essential for the pre-EE-associated functions and the fast recycling loop of the EE recycling circuit but contributes to EE maturation toward the degradation circuit, as previously shown in Vps34 knockout and knockdown studies. However, our study shows that Vps34-derived PI3P is also essential for the establishment of the Rab11a-dependent pathway, including recycling cargo sorting in this pathway and membrane flux from EEs to the pericentriolar endosomal recycling compartment (ERC). Rab11a endosomes of PI3P-depleted cells expanded and vacuolized outside the pericentriolar area without the acquisition of internalized transferrin (Tf). These endosomes had high levels of FIP5 and low levels of FIP3, suggesting that their maturation was arrested before the acquisition of FIP3. Consequently, Tf-loaded-, Rab11a/FIP5-, and Rab8a-positive endosomes disappeared from the pericentriolar area, implying that PI3P-associated functions are essential for ERC biogenesis. ERC loss was rapidly reversed after IN1 washout, which coincided with the restoration of FIP3 recruitment to Rab11a-positive endosomes and their dynein-dependent migration to the cell center. Thus, our study shows that Vps34-derived PI3P is indispensable in the recycling circuit to maintain the slow recycling pathway and biogenesis of the ERC.
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Klein M, Kaleem A, Oetjen S, Wünkhaus D, Binkle L, Schilling S, Gjorgjieva M, Scholz R, Gruber-Schoffnegger D, Storch S, Kins S, Drewes G, Hoffmeister-Ullerich S, Kuhl D, Hermey G. Converging roles of PSENEN/PEN2 and CLN3 in the autophagy-lysosome system. Autophagy 2021; 18:2068-2085. [PMID: 34964690 PMCID: PMC9397472 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.2016232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PSENEN/PEN2 is the smallest subunit of the γ-secretase complex, an intramembrane protease that cleaves proteins within their transmembrane domains. Mutations in components of the γ-secretase underlie familial Alzheimer disease. In addition to its proteolytic activity, supplementary, γ-secretase independent, functions in the macroautophagy/autophagy-lysosome system have been proposed. Here, we screened for PSENEN-interacting proteins and identified CLN3. Mutations in CLN3 are causative for juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, a rare lysosomal storage disorder considered the most common neurodegenerative disease in children. As mutations in the PSENEN and CLN3 genes cause different neurodegenerative diseases, understanding shared cellular functions of both proteins might be pertinent for understanding general cellular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration. We hypothesized that CLN3 modulates γ-secretase activity and that PSENEN and CLN3 play associated roles in the autophagy-lysosome system. We applied CRISPR gene-editing and obtained independent isogenic HeLa knockout cell lines for PSENEN and CLN3. Following previous studies, we demonstrate that PSENEN is essential for forming a functional γ-secretase complex and is indispensable for γ-secretase activity. In contrast, CLN3 does not modulate γ-secretase activity to a significant degree. We observed in PSENEN- and CLN3-knockout cells corresponding alterations in the autophagy-lysosome system. These include reduced activity of lysosomal enzymes and lysosome number, an increased number of autophagosomes, increased lysosome-autophagosome fusion, and elevated levels of TFEB (transcription factor EB). Our study strongly suggests converging roles of PSENEN and CLN3 in the autophagy-lysosome system in a γ-secretase activity-independent manner, supporting the idea of common cytopathological processes underlying different neurodegenerative diseases. Abbreviations: Aβ, amyloid-beta; AD, Alzheimer disease; APP, amyloid precursor protein; ATP5MC, ATP synthase membrane subunit c; DQ-BSA, dye-quenched bovine serum albumin; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; GFP, green fluorescent protein; ICC, immunocytochemistry; ICD, intracellular domain; JNCL, juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis; KO, knockout; LC3, microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; NCL, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses; PSEN, presenilin; PSENEN/PEN2: presenilin enhancer, gamma-secretase subunit; TAP, tandem affinity purification; TEV, tobacco etch virus; TF, transferrin; WB, Western blot; WT, wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Klein
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Abuzar Kaleem
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Oetjen
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Lars Binkle
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Schilling
- Division of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Milena Gjorgjieva
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Scholz
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Storch
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kins
- Division of Human Biology and Human Genetics, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Gerard Drewes
- Cellzome, Functional Genomics Research and Development, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Hoffmeister-Ullerich
- Bioanalytics, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Kuhl
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Hermey
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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11
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Vaughn B, Abu Kwaik Y. Idiosyncratic Biogenesis of Intracellular Pathogens-Containing Vacuoles. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:722433. [PMID: 34858868 PMCID: PMC8632064 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.722433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While most bacterial species taken up by macrophages are degraded through processing of the bacteria-containing vacuole through the endosomal-lysosomal degradation pathway, intravacuolar pathogens have evolved to evade degradation through the endosomal-lysosomal pathway. All intra-vacuolar pathogens possess specialized secretion systems (T3SS-T7SS) that inject effector proteins into the host cell cytosol to modulate myriad of host cell processes and remodel their vacuoles into proliferative niches. Although intravacuolar pathogens utilize similar secretion systems to interfere with their vacuole biogenesis, each pathogen has evolved a unique toolbox of protein effectors injected into the host cell to interact with, and modulate, distinct host cell targets. Thus, intravacuolar pathogens have evolved clear idiosyncrasies in their interference with their vacuole biogenesis to generate a unique intravacuolar niche suitable for their own proliferation. While there has been a quantum leap in our knowledge of modulation of phagosome biogenesis by intravacuolar pathogens, the detailed biochemical and cellular processes affected remain to be deciphered. Here we discuss how the intravacuolar bacterial pathogens Salmonella, Chlamydia, Mycobacteria, Legionella, Brucella, Coxiella, and Anaplasma utilize their unique set of effectors injected into the host cell to interfere with endocytic, exocytic, and ER-to-Golgi vesicle traffic. However, Coxiella is the main exception for a bacterial pathogen that proliferates within the hydrolytic lysosomal compartment, but its T4SS is essential for adaptation and proliferation within the lysosomal-like vacuole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Vaughn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Yousef Abu Kwaik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Center for Predictive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
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Zhang Y, Chen Z, Wang F, Sun H, Zhu X, Ding J, Zhang T. Nde1 is a Rab9 effector for loading late endosomes to cytoplasmic dynein motor complex. Structure 2021; 30:386-395.e5. [PMID: 34793709 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Rab9 is mainly located on late endosomes and required for their intracellular transport to trans-Golgi network (TGN). The cytoplasmic dynein motor, together with its regulatory proteins Nde1/Ndel1 and Lis1, controls intracellular retrograde transport of membranous organelles along the microtubule network. How late endosomes are tethered to the microtubule-based motor dynein for their retrograde transport remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound Rab9A/B specifically uses Nde1/Ndel1 as an effector to interact with the dynein motor complex. We determined the crystal structure of Rab9A-GTP in complex with the Rab9-binding region of Nde1. The functional roles of key residues involved in the Rab9A-Nde1 interaction are verified using biochemical and cell biology assays. Rab9A mutants unable to bind to Nde1 also failed to associate with dynein, Lis1, and dynactin. Therefore, Nde1 is a Rab9 effector that tethers Rab9-associated late endosomes to the dynein motor for their retrograde transport to the TGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ziyue Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Honghua Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xueliang Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Xiangshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Hua-Xia Zhong Road, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Jianping Ding
- Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Xiangshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Hua-Xia Zhong Road, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Tianlong Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; Institute of Geriatrics, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University, Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, 500 Yonghe Road, Nantong 226011, China.
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13
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Mareninova OA, Dillon DL, Wightman CJM, Yakubov I, Takahashi T, Gaisano HY, Munson K, Ohmuraya M, Dawson D, Gukovsky I, Gukovskaya AS. Rab9 Mediates Pancreatic Autophagy Switch From Canonical to Noncanonical, Aggravating Experimental Pancreatitis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 13:599-622. [PMID: 34610499 PMCID: PMC8715155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagosome, the central organelle in autophagy process, can assemble via canonical pathway mediated by LC3-II, the lipidated form of autophagy-related protein LC3/ATG8, or noncanonical pathway mediated by the small GTPase Rab9. Canonical autophagy is essential for exocrine pancreas homeostasis, and its disordering initiates and drives pancreatitis. The involvement of noncanonical autophagy has not been explored. We examine the role of Rab9 in pancreatic autophagy and pancreatitis severity. METHODS We measured the effect of Rab9 on parameters of autophagy and pancreatitis responses using transgenic mice overexpressing Rab9 (Rab9TG) and adenoviral transduction of acinar cells. Effect of canonical autophagy on Rab9 was assessed in ATG5-deficient acinar cells. RESULTS Pancreatic levels of Rab9 and its membrane-bound (active) form decreased in rodent pancreatitis models and in human disease. Rab9 overexpression stimulated noncanonical and inhibited canonical/LC3-mediated autophagosome formation in acinar cells through up-regulation of ATG4B, the cysteine protease that delipidates LC3-II. Conversely, ATG5 deficiency caused Rab9 increase in acinar cells. Inhibition of canonical autophagy in Rab9TG pancreas was associated with accumulation of Rab9-positive vacuoles containing markers of mitochondria, protein aggregates, and trans-Golgi. The shift to the noncanonical pathway caused pancreatitis-like damage in acinar cells and aggravated experimental pancreatitis. CONCLUSIONS The results show that Rab9 regulates pancreatic autophagy and indicate a mutually antagonistic relationship between the canonical/LC3-mediated and noncanonical/Rab9-mediated autophagy pathways in pancreatitis. Noncanonical autophagy fails to substitute for its canonical counterpart in protecting against pancreatitis. Thus, Rab9 decrease in experimental and human pancreatitis is a protective response to sustain canonical autophagy and alleviate disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Mareninova
- Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, California; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dustin L Dillon
- Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, California; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Carli J M Wightman
- Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, California; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | | | | | - Herbert Y Gaisano
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Keith Munson
- Department of Physiology, Los Angeles, California; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Masaki Ohmuraya
- Department of Genetics, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - David Dawson
- Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ilya Gukovsky
- Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, California; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anna S Gukovskaya
- Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, California; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California.
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14
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Åberg C. Kinetics of nanoparticle uptake into and distribution in human cells. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:2196-2212. [PMID: 36133761 PMCID: PMC9416924 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00716a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Whether one wishes to optimise drug delivery using nano-sized carriers or avoid hazard posed by engineered nanomaterials, the kinetics of nanoparticle uptake into human cells and their subsequent intracellular distribution is key. Unique properties of the nanoscale implies that such nanoparticles are taken up and trafficked in a different fashion compared to molecular species. In this review, we discuss in detail how to describe the kinetics of nanoparticle uptake and intracellular distribution, using previous studies for illustration. We also cover the extracellular kinetics, particle degradation, endosomal escape and cell division, ending with an outlook on the future of kinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoffer Åberg
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713AV Groningen The Netherlands
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15
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Pilliod J, Desjardins A, Pernègre C, Jamann H, Larochelle C, Fon EA, Leclerc N. Clearance of intracellular tau protein from neuronal cells via VAMP8-induced secretion. J Biol Chem 2021; 295:17827-17841. [PMID: 33454017 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), tau, a microtubule-associated protein (MAP), becomes hyperphosphorylated, aggregates, and accumulates in the somato-dendritic compartment of neurons. In parallel to its intracellular accumulation in AD, tau is also released in the extracellular space, as revealed by its increased presence in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Consistent with this, recent studies, including ours, have reported that neurons secrete tau, and several therapeutic strategies aim to prevent the intracellular tau accumulation. Previously, we reported that late endosomes were implicated in tau secretion. Here, we explore the possibility of preventing intracellular tau accumulation by increasing tau secretion. Using neuronal models, we investigated whether overexpression of the vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 (VAMP8), an R-SNARE found on late endosomes, could increase tau secretion. The overexpression of VAMP8 significantly increased tau secretion, decreasing its intracellular levels in the neuroblastoma (N2a) cell line. Increased tau secretion by VAMP8 was also observed in murine hippocampal slices. The intracellular reduction of tau by VAMP8 overexpression correlated to a decrease of acetylated tubulin induced by tau overexpression in N2a cells. VAMP8 staining was preferentially found on late endosomes in N2a cells. Using total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy, the fusion of VAMP8-positive vesicles with the plasma membrane was correlated to the depletion of tau in the cytoplasm. Finally, overexpression of VAMP8 reduced the intracellular accumulation of tau mutants linked to frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism and α-synuclein by increasing their secretion. Collectively, the present data indicate that VAMP8 could be used to increase tau and α-synuclein clearance to prevent their intracellular accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Pilliod
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Alexandre Desjardins
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada
| | - Camille Pernègre
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada; Département de Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Hélène Jamann
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada; Département de Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Catherine Larochelle
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada; Département de Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Edward A Fon
- McGill Parkinson Program, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Nicole Leclerc
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital (CRCHUM), Montréal, Canada; Département de Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
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16
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Johnstone EKM, Abhayawardana RS, See HB, Seeber RM, O'Brien SL, Thomas WG, Pfleger KDG. Complex interactions between the angiotensin II type 1 receptor, the epidermal growth factor receptor and TRIO-dependent signaling partners. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 188:114521. [PMID: 33741329 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by the angiotensin II (AngII) type 1 (AT1) receptor is involved in AT1 receptor-dependent growth effects and cardiovascular pathologies, however the mechanisms underpinning this transactivation are yet to be fully elucidated. Recently, a potential intermediate of this process was identified following the discovery that a kinase called TRIO was involved in AngII/AT1 receptor-mediated transactivation of EGFR. To investigate the mechanisms by which TRIO acts as an intermediate in AngII/AT1 receptor-mediated EGFR transactivation we used bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assays to investigate proximity between the AT1 receptor, EGFR, TRIO and other proteins of interest. We found that AngII/AT1 receptor activation caused a Gαq-dependent increase in proximity of TRIO with Gγ2 and the AT1-EGFR heteromer, as well as trafficking of TRIO towards the Kras plasma membrane marker and into early, late and recycling endosomes. In contrast, we found that AngII/AT1 receptor activation caused a Gαq-independent increase in proximity of TRIO with Grb2, GRK2 and PKCζ, as well as trafficking of TRIO up to the plasma membrane from the Golgi. Furthermore, we confirmed the proximity between the AT1 receptor and the EGFR using the Receptor-Heteromer Investigation Technology, which showed AngII-induced recruitment of Grb2, GRK2, PKCζ, Gγ2 and TRIO to the EGFR upon AT1 coexpression. In summary, our results provide further evidence for the existence of the AT1-EGFR heteromer and reveal potential mechanisms by which TRIO contributes to the transactivation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K M Johnstone
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Australia.
| | - Rekhati S Abhayawardana
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Australia
| | - Heng B See
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Australia
| | - Ruth M Seeber
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Australia
| | - Shannon L O'Brien
- Receptor Biology Group, The School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia; Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Walter G Thomas
- Receptor Biology Group, The School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kevin D G Pfleger
- Molecular Endocrinology and Pharmacology, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Australia; Dimerix Limited, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
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17
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Lu Q, Wang PS, Yang L. Golgi-associated Rab GTPases implicated in autophagy. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:35. [PMID: 33557950 PMCID: PMC7869216 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00543-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved cellular degradation process in eukaryotes that facilitates the recycling and reutilization of damaged organelles and compartments. It plays a pivotal role in cellular homeostasis, pathophysiological processes, and diverse diseases in humans. Autophagy involves dynamic crosstalk between different stages associated with intracellular vesicle trafficking. Golgi apparatus is the central organelle involved in intracellular vesicle trafficking where Golgi-associated Rab GTPases function as important mediators. This review focuses on the recent findings that highlight Golgi-associated Rab GTPases as master regulators of autophagic flux. The scope for future research in elucidating the role and mechanism of Golgi-associated Rab GTPases in autophagy and autophagy-related diseases is discussed further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchun Lu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3440 N Broad St, Kresge Hall, Rm. 624, Philadelphia, PA19140, USA
| | - Po-Shun Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3440 N Broad St, Kresge Hall, Rm. 624, Philadelphia, PA19140, USA
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3440 N Broad St, Kresge Hall, Rm. 624, Philadelphia, PA19140, USA.
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18
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Flores-Espinoza E, Meizoso-Huesca A, Villegas-Comonfort S, Reyes-Cruz G, García-Sáinz JA. Effect of docosahexaenoic acid, phorbol myristate acetate, and insulin on the interaction of the FFA4 (short isoform) receptor with Rab proteins. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 889:173595. [PMID: 32986985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells were co-transfected with plasmids for the expression of mCherry fluorescent protein-tagged FFA4 receptors and the enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged Rab proteins involved in retrograde transport and recycling, to study their possible interaction through Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET), under the action of agents that induce FFA4 receptor phosphorylation and internalization through different processes, i.e., the agonist, docosahexaenoic acid, the protein kinase C activator phorbol myristate acetate, and insulin. Data indicate that FFA4 receptor internalization varied depending on the agent that induced the process. Agonist activation (docosahexaenoic acid) induced an association with early endosomes (as suggested by interaction with Rab5) and rapid recycling to the plasma membrane (as indicated by receptor interaction with Rab4). More prolonged agonist stimulation also appears to allow the FFA4 receptors to interact with late endosomes (interaction with Rab9), slow recycling (interaction with Rab 11), and target to degradation (Rab7). Phorbol myristate acetate, triggered a rapid association with early endosomes (Rab5), slow recycling to the plasma membrane (Rab11), and some receptor degradation (Rab7). Insulin-induced FFA4 receptor internalization appears to be associated with interaction with early endosomes (Rab5) and late endosomes (Rab9) and fast and slow recycling to the plasma membrane (Rab4, Rab11). Additionally, we observed that agonist- and PMA-induced FFA4 internalization was markedly reduced by paroxetine, which suggests a possible role of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Flores-Espinoza
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aldo Meizoso-Huesca
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sócrates Villegas-Comonfort
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Reyes-Cruz
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional-CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Adolfo García-Sáinz
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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19
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de-Los-Santos-Cocotle G, Martínez-Morales JC, Romero-Ávila MT, Reyes-Cruz G, García-Sáinz JA. Effects of agonists and phorbol esters on α 1A-adrenergic receptor-Rab protein interactions. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 885:173423. [PMID: 32750368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In a cell line, stably expressing α1A-adrenoceptors fused to the mCherry red fluorescent protein, noradrenaline, methoxamine, and oxymetazoline induced concentration-dependent increases in intracellular calcium. All of these agents increase α1A-adrenoceptor phosphorylation and internalization. Transient co-expression of these receptors with Rab proteins tagged with the enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein was employed to estimate α1A-adrenoceptor-Rab interaction using Förster Resonance Energy Transfer. Noradrenaline and methoxamine increased α1A-adrenoceptor interaction with Rab5 and Rab7 but did not modify it with Rab9. Oxymetazoline induced adrenoceptor interaction with Rab5 and Rab9 and only an insignificant increase in Rab7 signal. Phorbol myristate acetate increased α1A-adrenoceptor interaction with Rab5 and Rab9 but did not modify it with Rab7. The agonists and the active phorbol ester, all of which induce receptor phosphorylation and internalization, favor receptor interaction with Rab5, i.e., association with early endosomes. Cell stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate induced the α1A-adrenoceptors to interact with the late endosomal marker, Rab9, suggesting that the receptors are directed to slow recycling endosomes once they have transited to the Trans-Golgi network to be retrieved to the plasma membrane. The agonists noradrenaline and methoxamine likely induce a faster recycling and might direct some of the adrenoceptors toward degradation and/or very slow recycling to the plasma membrane. Oxymetazoline produced a mixed pattern of interaction with the Rab proteins. These data indicate that α1A-adrenoceptor agonists can trigger different vesicular traffic and receptor fates within the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo de-Los-Santos-Cocotle
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Martínez-Morales
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Teresa Romero-Ávila
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Reyes-Cruz
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional-CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508; Col, San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Adolfo García-Sáinz
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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20
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Dong D, Huang X, Li L, Mao H, Mo Y, Zhang G, Zhang Z, Shen J, Liu W, Wu Z, Liu G, Liu Y, Yang H, Gong Q, Shi K, Chen L. Super-resolution fluorescence-assisted diffraction computational tomography reveals the three-dimensional landscape of the cellular organelle interactome. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:11. [PMID: 32025294 PMCID: PMC6987131 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-0249-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of super-resolution (SR) fluorescence microscopy has rejuvenated the search for new cellular sub-structures. However, SR fluorescence microscopy achieves high contrast at the expense of a holistic view of the interacting partners and surrounding environment. Thus, we developed SR fluorescence-assisted diffraction computational tomography (SR-FACT), which combines label-free three-dimensional optical diffraction tomography (ODT) with two-dimensional fluorescence Hessian structured illumination microscopy. The ODT module is capable of resolving the mitochondria, lipid droplets, the nuclear membrane, chromosomes, the tubular endoplasmic reticulum, and lysosomes. Using dual-mode correlated live-cell imaging for a prolonged period of time, we observed novel subcellular structures named dark-vacuole bodies, the majority of which originate from densely populated perinuclear regions, and intensively interact with organelles such as the mitochondria and the nuclear membrane before ultimately collapsing into the plasma membrane. This work demonstrates the unique capabilities of SR-FACT, which suggests its wide applicability in cell biology in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dashan Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006 China
| | - Xiaoshuai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Liuju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Heng Mao
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Yanquan Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Guangyi Zhang
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Jiayu Shen
- School of Software and Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006 China
| | - Zeming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Guanghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Yanmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation (IBRR), Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Qihuang Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Kebin Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Liangyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 100871 China
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Zhu Y, Shi F, Wang M, Ding J. Knockdown of Rab9 Suppresses the Progression of Gastric Cancer Through Regulation of Akt Signaling Pathway. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820915958. [PMID: 32301398 PMCID: PMC7168775 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820915958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabs have been reported to be involved in the carcinogenesis process and in the progression of cancer. However, it is unclear whether or not Rab9 is associated with the development of cancer. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of Rab9 in the biological functions of gastric cancer cells. The gastric cancer cell lines AGS and MKN45 were transfected with siRNA-Rab9 to block the expression of Rab9. The cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis were examined using Cell Count Kit-8, colony formation, wound healing, Transwell, and flow cytometry assays, respectively. Our data showed that silencing of Rab9 significantly inhibited the viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of AGS and MKN45 cells. Moreover, transfection with siRab9 promoted the rate of apoptosis in AGS and MKN45 cells through regulating the Bcl-2-Bax axis and the Caspase cascade. We also found that silencing of Rab9 inhibited activation of the Akt signaling pathway by downregulating the phosphorylation level of Akt. In conclusion, our data suggest that Rab9 plays an oncogenic role in the progression of gastric cancer, providing a potential target for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Ding
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Revisiting Old Ionophore Lasalocid as a Novel Inhibitor of Multiple Toxins. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12010026. [PMID: 31906353 PMCID: PMC7020423 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The ionophore lasalocid is widely used as a veterinary drug against coccidiosis. We found recently that lasalocid protects cells from two unrelated bacterial toxins, the cytotoxic necrotizing factor-1 (CNF1) from Escherichia. coli and diphtheria toxin. We evaluated lasalocid’s capacity to protect cells against other toxins of medical interest comprising toxin B from Clostridium difficile, Shiga-like toxin 1 from enterohemorrhagic E. coli and exotoxin A from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We further characterized the impact of lasalocid on the endolysosomal and the retrograde pathways and organelle integrity, especially the Golgi apparatus. We found that lasalocid protects cells from all toxins tested and impairs the drop of vesicular pH along the trafficking pathways that are required for toxin sorting and translocation to the cytoplasm. Lasalocid also has an impact on the cellular distribution of GOLPH4 and GOLPH2 Golgi markers. Other intracellular trafficking compartments positive for EEA1 and Rab9A display a modified cellular pattern. In conclusion, lasalocid protects cells from multiple deadly bacterial toxins by corrupting vesicular trafficking and Golgi stack homeostasis.
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Chichger H, Rounds S, Harrington EO. Endosomes and Autophagy: Regulators of Pulmonary Endothelial Cell Homeostasis in Health and Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:994-1008. [PMID: 31190562 PMCID: PMC6765061 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Alterations in oxidant/antioxidant balance injure pulmonary endothelial cells and are important in the pathogenesis of lung diseases, such as Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), ischemia/reperfusion injury, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and emphysema. Recent Advances: The endosomal and autophagic pathways regulate cell homeostasis. Both pathways support recycling or degradation of macromolecules or organelles, targeted to endosomes or lysosomes, respectively. Thus, both processes promote cell survival. However, with environmental stress or injury, imbalance in endosomal and autophagic pathways may enhance macromolecular or organelle degradation, diminish biosynthetic processes, and cause cell death. Critical Issues: While the role of autophagy in cellular homeostasis in pulmonary disease has been investigated, the role of the endosome in the lung vasculature is less known. Furthermore, autophagy can either decrease or exacerbate endothelial injury, depending upon inciting insult and disease process. Future Directions: Diseases affecting the pulmonary endothelium, such as emphysema, ARDS, and PAH, are linked to altered endosomal or autophagic processing, leading to enhanced degradation of macromolecules and potential cell death. Efforts to target this imbalance have yielded limited success as treatments for lung injuries, which may be due to the complexity of both processes. It is possible that endosomal trafficking proteins, such as Rab GTPases and late endosomal/lysosomal adaptor, MAPK and MTOR activator 1, may be novel therapeutic targets. While endocytosis or autophagy have been linked to improved function of the pulmonary endothelium in vitro and in vivo, further studies are needed to identify targets for modulating cellular homeostasis in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Havovi Chichger
- Biomedical Research Group, Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Rounds
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Elizabeth O. Harrington
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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Ohishi Y, Kinoshita R, Marubashi S, Ishida M, Fukuda M. The BLOC-3 subunit HPS4 is required for activation of Rab32/38 GTPases in melanogenesis, but its Rab9 activity is dispensable for melanogenesis. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:6912-6922. [PMID: 30837268 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
HPS4 biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 3 subunit 2 (HPS4) is one of the genes whose mutations have been associated with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS), characterized by ocular albinism and susceptibility to bleeding because of defects in the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles such as melanosomes. HPS4 protein forms a BLOC-3 complex with HPS1, another HPS gene product, and the complex has been proposed to function as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RAB32, a member of the Rab small GTPase family (Rab32), and Rab38 (Rab32/38-GEF) and also as a Rab9 effector. Although both Rab32/38 and Rab9 have been shown previously to be involved in melanogenesis in mammalian epidermal melanocytes, the functional relationships of these small GTPases with BLOC-3 remain unknown. In this study, we used site-directed mutagenesis to generate HPS4 mutants that specifically lack either Rab32/38-GEF activity or Rab9-binding activity and investigated their involvement in melanogenesis of melan-le cells (an HPS4-deficient melanocyte cell line derived from light ear mice). Melan-le cells exhibit a clear hypopigmentation phenotype, i.e. reduced expression and abnormal distribution of tyrosinase and reduced melanin content. Although re-expression of WT HPS4 completely rescued this phenotype, the Rab32/38-GEF activity-deficient HPS4 mutant failed to restore melanin content and tyrosinase trafficking in these cells. Unexpectedly, as WT HPS4, the Rab9 binding-deficient HPS4 mutant completely rescued the phenotype. These results indicate that activation of Rab32/38 by HPS4 (or BLOC-3) is essential for melanogenesis of cultured melanocytes and that Rab9 likely regulates melanogenesis independently of HPS4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Ohishi
- From the Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Riko Kinoshita
- From the Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Soujiro Marubashi
- From the Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Morié Ishida
- From the Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Fukuda
- From the Laboratory of Membrane Trafficking Mechanisms, Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
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25
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Liu Y, Wang X, Zhang Z, Xiao B, An B, Zhang J. The overexpression of Rab9 promotes tumor progression regulated by XBP1 in breast cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:1815-1824. [PMID: 30881034 PMCID: PMC6404677 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s183748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rab9 is a small GTPase that localizes to the trans-Golgi Network (TGN) and late endosomes and is involved in the recycling of mannose-6-phosphate receptors (MPRs). Materials and methods To determine new treatment strategies for breast cancer and to elucidate the mechanism underlying the phenomenon, we investigated the effects of Rab9 in the human breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and MDA-MB-231. Results We observed that knockdown of Rab9 inhibited the survival and proliferation of MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, whereas Rab9 overexpression facilitated cell survival and proliferation by inducing or suppressing apoptosis. These results were further confirmed by the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in affected MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, which demonstrated whether the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway was triggered. Furthermore, the AKT/PI3K pathway is implicated in cell growth and survival and Rab9 changed the expression and phosphorylation of PI3K signaling pathway members. XBP1 is a key regulator of Rab9 and further confirmed that Rab9 play important roles in breast cancer tumorigenesis. Conclusion These data suggest that Rab9 is a good candidate for a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansong Liu
- Breast Department, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong, China,
| | - Xin Wang
- Breast Department, Yinan Country People's Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Zhonghua Zhang
- Breast Department, Dongping Country People's Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Xiao
- Breast Department, Shanxian Hygeia Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Baoming An
- Breast Department, Wulian Country People's Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Breast Department, Zhangqiu Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shandong, China
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Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is a central sorting station in the cell. It receives newly synthesized molecules from the endoplasmic reticulum and directs them to different subcellular destinations, such as the plasma membrane or the endocytic pathway. Importantly, in the last few years, it has emerged that the maintenance of Golgi structure is connected to the proper regulation of membrane trafficking. Rab proteins are small GTPases that are considered to be the master regulators of the intracellular membrane trafficking. Several of the over 60 human Rabs are involved in the regulation of transport pathways at the Golgi as well as in the maintenance of its architecture. This chapter will summarize the different roles of Rab GTPases at the Golgi, both as regulators of membrane transport, scaffold, and tethering proteins and in preserving the structure and function of this organelle.
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Madero-Pérez J, Fernández B, Lara Ordóñez AJ, Fdez E, Lobbestael E, Baekelandt V, Hilfiker S. RAB7L1-Mediated Relocalization of LRRK2 to the Golgi Complex Causes Centrosomal Deficits via RAB8A. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:417. [PMID: 30483055 PMCID: PMC6243087 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the LRRK2 gene cause autosomal-dominant Parkinson’s disease (PD), and both LRRK2 as well as RAB7L1 have been implicated in increased susceptibility to idiopathic PD. RAB7L1 has been shown to increase membrane-association and kinase activity of LRRK2, and both seem to be mechanistically implicated in the same pathway. Another RAB protein, RAB8A, has been identified as a prominent LRRK2 kinase substrate, and our recent work demonstrates that aberrant LRRK2-mediated phosphorylation of RAB8A leads to centrosomal alterations. Here, we show that RAB7L1 recruits LRRK2 to the Golgi complex, which causes accumulation of phosphorylated RAB8A in a pericentrosomal/centrosomal location as well as centrosomal deficits identical to those observed with pathogenic LRRK2. The centrosomal alterations induced by wildtype LRRK2 in the presence of RAB7L1 depend on Golgi integrity. This is in contrast to pathogenic LRRK2 mutants, which cause centrosomal deficits independent of Golgi integrity or largely independent on RAB7L1 expression. Furthermore, centrosomal alterations in the presence of wildtype LRRK2 and RAB7L1 are at least in part mediated by aberrant LRRK2-mediated RAB8A phosphorylation, as abolished by kinase inhibitors and reduced upon knockdown of RAB8A. These results indicate that pathogenic LRRK2, as well as increased levels of RAB7L1, cause centrosomal deficits in a manner dependent on aberrant RAB8A phosphorylation and centrosomal/pericentrosomal accumulation, suggesting that centrosomal cohesion deficits may comprise a useful cellular readout for a broader spectrum of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Madero-Pérez
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine "López-Neyra", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - Belén Fernández
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine "López-Neyra", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Jesús Lara Ordóñez
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine "López-Neyra", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - Elena Fdez
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine "López-Neyra", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - Evy Lobbestael
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sabine Hilfiker
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine "López-Neyra", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
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Charfi I, Abdallah K, Gendron L, Pineyro G. Delta opioid receptors recycle to the membrane after sorting to the degradation path. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:2257-2271. [PMID: 29288293 PMCID: PMC11105734 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2732-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Soon after internalization delta opioid receptors (DOPrs) are committed to the degradation path by G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-associated binding protein. Here we provide evidence that this classical post-endocytic itinerary may be rectified by downstream sorting decisions which allow DOPrs to regain to the membrane after having reached late endosomes (LE). The LE sorting mechanism involved ESCRT accessory protein Alix and the TIP47/Rab9 retrieval complex which supported translocation of the receptor to the TGN, from where it subsequently regained the cell membrane. Preventing DOPrs from completing this itinerary precipitated acute analgesic tolerance to the agonist DPDPE, supporting the relevance of this recycling path in maintaining the analgesic response by this receptor. Taken together, these findings reveal a post-endocytic itinerary where GPCRs that have been sorted for degradation can still recycle to the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iness Charfi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada
- Ste-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Khaled Abdallah
- Department of Pharmacology-physiology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Louis Gendron
- Department of Pharmacology-physiology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Graciela Pineyro
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada.
- Ste-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1C5, Canada.
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29
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Cardoso R, Wang J, Müller J, Rupp S, Leitão A, Hemphill A. Modulation of cis- and trans- Golgi and the Rab9A-GTPase during infection by Besnoitia besnoiti, Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum. Exp Parasitol 2018; 187:75-85. [PMID: 29499180 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Like most intracellular pathogens, the apicomplexan parasites Besnoitia besnoiti, Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum scavenge metabolites from their host cells. Recruitment of the Golgi complex to the vicinity of the parasitophorous vacuole (PV) is likely to aid in this process. In this work, we comparatively assessed B. besnoiti, T. gondii and N. caninum infected human retinal pigmented epithelial (hTERT-RPE-1) cells at 24 h post-infection and used antibodies to confirm Golgi ribbon compaction in B. besnoiti, and Golgi ribbon dispersion in T. gondii, while no alteration in Golgi morphology was seen in N. caninum infected cells. In either case, the Golgi stacks of infected cells contained both cis- (GM130) and trans- (TGN46) Golgi proteins. The localization of Rab9A, an important regulator of endosomal trafficking, was also studied. GFP-tagged Rab9A was recruited to the vicinity of the PV of all three parasites. Toxoplasma-infected cells exhibited increased expression of Rab9A in comparison to non-infected cells. However, Rab9A expression levels remained unaltered upon infection with N. caninum and B. besnoiti tachyzoites. In contrast to Rab9A, a GFP-tagged dominant negative mutant form of Rab9A (Rab9A DN), was not recruited to the PV, and the expression of Rab9A DN did not affect host cell invasion nor replication by all three parasites. Thus, B. besnoiti, T. gondii and N. caninum show similarities but also differences in how they affect constituents of the endosomal/secretory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Cardoso
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, Bern, 3012, Switzerland; Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Junhua Wang
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Müller
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Rupp
- Division of Neurological Sciences, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, Bern, 3012, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Leitão
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andrew Hemphill
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
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30
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Cellular effects mediated by pathogenic LRRK2: homing in on Rab-mediated processes. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:147-154. [PMID: 28202668 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a key player in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Mutations in LRRK2 are associated with increased kinase activity that correlates with cytotoxicity, indicating that kinase inhibitors may comprise promising disease-modifying compounds. However, before embarking on such strategies, detailed knowledge of the cellular deficits mediated by pathogenic LRRK2 in the context of defined and pathologically relevant kinase substrates is essential. LRRK2 has been consistently shown to impair various intracellular vesicular trafficking events, and recent studies have shown that LRRK2 can phosphorylate a subset of proteins that are intricately implicated in those processes. In light of these findings, we here review the link between cellular deficits in intracellular trafficking pathways and the LRRK2-mediated phosphorylation of those newly identified substrates.
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31
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Golgi trafficking defects in postnatal microcephaly: The evidence for “Golgipathies”. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 153:46-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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32
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Medvedev R, Hildt E, Ploen D. Look who's talking-the crosstalk between oxidative stress and autophagy supports exosomal-dependent release of HCV particles. Cell Biol Toxicol 2016; 33:211-231. [PMID: 27987184 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-016-9376-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved and regulated intracellular lysosomal degradation pathway that is essential for cell survival. Dysregulation has been linked to the development of various human diseases, including neurodegeneration and tumorigenesis, infection, and aging. Besides, many viruses hijack the autophagosomal pathway to support their life cycle. The hepatitis C virus (HCV), a major cause of chronic liver diseases worldwide, has been described to induce autophagy. The autophagosomal pathway can be further activated in response to elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). HCV impairs the Nrf2/ARE-dependent induction of ROS-detoxifying enzymes by a so far unprecedented mechanism. In line with this, this review aims to discuss the relevance of HCV-dependent elevated ROS levels for the induction of autophagy as a result of the impaired Nrf2 signaling and the described crosstalk between p62 and the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway. Moreover, autophagy is functionally connected to the endocytic pathway as components of the endosomal trafficking are involved in the maturation of autophagosomes. The release of HCV particles is still not fully understood. Recent studies suggest an involvement of exosomes that originate from the endosomal pathway in viral release. In line with this, it is tempting to speculate whether HCV-dependent elevated ROS levels induce autophagy to support exosome-mediated release of viral particles. Based on recent findings, in this review, we will further highlight the impact of HCV-induced autophagy and its interplay with the endosomal pathway as a novel mechanism for the release of HCV particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Medvedev
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225, Langen, Germany
| | - Eberhard Hildt
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225, Langen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Gießen, Marburg, Langen, Germany
| | - Daniela Ploen
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225, Langen, Germany.
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