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Du MR, Guo YY, Wei HZ, Zhu YP, Liu RR, Ma RN, Shi FK, Guo JS, Zhuang J. The effectiveness of gliding arc discharge plasma in sterilizing artificial seawater contaminated with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135015. [PMID: 38943886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
The rapid proliferation of the halophilic pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus poses a severe health hazard to halobios and significantly impedes intensive mariculture. This study aimed to evaluate the potential application of gliding arc discharge plasma (GADP) to control the infection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in mariculture. This study investigated the inactivation ability of GADP against Vibrio parahaemolyticus in artificial seawater (ASW), changes in the water quality of GADP-treated ASW, and possible inactivation mechanisms of GADP against Vibrio parahaemolyticus in ASW. The results indicate that GADP effectively inactivated Vibrio parahaemolyticus in ASW. As the volume of ASW increased, the time required for GADP sterilization also increased. However, the complete sterilization of 5000 mL of ASW containing Vibrio parahaemolyticus of approximately 1.0 × 104 CFU/mL was achieved within 20 min. Water quality tests of the GADP-treated ASW demonstrated that there were no significant changes in salinity or temperature when Vibrio parahaemolyticus (1.0 ×104 CFU/mL) was completely inactivated. In contrast to the acidification observed in plasma-activated water (PAW) in most studies, the pH of ASW did not decrease after treatment with GADP. The H2O2 concentration in the GADP-treated ASW decreased after post-treatment. The NO2-concentration in the GADP-treated ASW remained unchanged after post-treatment. Further analysis revealed that GADP induced oxidative stress in Vibrio parahaemolyticus, which increased cell membrane permeability and intracellular ROS levels of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. This study provides a viable solution for infection with the halophilic pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus and demonstrates the potential of GADP in mariculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ru Du
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Sciences and Technology of China, Suzhou 215163, China; Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Yu-Yi Guo
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Sciences and Technology of China, Suzhou 215163, China; Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Han-Ze Wei
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Sciences and Technology of China, Suzhou 215163, China; Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Yu-Pan Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Bioengineering, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Rong-Rong Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Sciences and Technology of China, Suzhou 215163, China; Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Ruo-Nan Ma
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Bioengineering, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Fu-Kun Shi
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Sciences and Technology of China, Suzhou 215163, China; Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou 215163, China.
| | - Jin-Song Guo
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Sciences and Technology of China, Suzhou 215163, China; Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou 215163, China.
| | - Jie Zhuang
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Sciences and Technology of China, Suzhou 215163, China; Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou 215163, China.
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2
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B Turnipseed S, R Casey C. Suspect screening for chemical residues in aquacultured shrimp and fish using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry: comparison of data evaluation approaches. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:733-744. [PMID: 37725115 PMCID: PMC10984254 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04927-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has become an important tool for monitoring chemical residues in food, but the time and effort required to evaluate the large amount of data generated by HRMS can be a limiting factor in the widespread application of this tool. Suspect screening, i.e., searching HRMS data against large compound databases or mass lists, represents a practical compromise between using HRMS data to only look for target compounds and performing full non-target analysis. Several different approaches for suspect screening using HRMS data were tested using data from shrimp and eel spiked with veterinary drugs and pesticides as well as from imported aquaculture samples. Most of the analytes (>70%) in the spiked samples were detected and identified by searching against compound databases. To query larger databases and on-line resources such as mzCloud, it was necessary to use software capable of differential analysis and selective filtering, such as Compound Discoverer. Using selective filtering, the number of compounds detected in fish sample extracts could be reduced from tens of thousands to a few hundred by subtracting method blanks and comparing to matrix blank extracts. This smaller list of potential compounds could be further evaluated and compared to available databases and libraries. Analysis of imported aquaculture samples resulted in detection of unexpected contaminants including the dewormer levamisole, the insecticide buprofezin, and potentially the plant alkaloid ricinine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherri B Turnipseed
- Animal Drugs Research Center, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, P.O. Box 25087, Denver, CO, 80225-0087, USA.
| | - Christine R Casey
- Denver Laboratory, Office of Regulatory Affairs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, P.O. Box 25087, Denver, CO, 80225-0087, USA
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3
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Zhu Y, Jiang X, Shen D, Mao J, Cao Y, Zhang K, Peng J, Dong F, Wang N, He K. A one-step solid-phase extraction with UHPLC-MS/MS for fast and accurate determination of multi-class veterinary drugs in animal muscles. Food Chem 2023; 428:136712. [PMID: 37441938 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Excessive use of veterinary drugs in livestock growth poses a threat to food safety. It is, however, challenging to quantify these multi-class veterinary drugs within animal muscles, because of their varied physicochemical properties. In this work, we presented a simple, efficient and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of multi-class veterinary drugs with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The method involves a highly efficient extraction using a EDTA (pH 7)-ACN (30:70, v/v) solvent system, followed by a one-step solid-phase extraction cleanup approach with PRiME HLB sorbent (Reversed-phase N-vinylpyrrolidone and divinylbenzene copolymer). For all the analytes, over a wide range of polarity, satisfactory recoveries were obtained between 70% and 120%, with relative standard deviations <15%. Excellent sensitivities were achieved with the limits of quantification ranging from 0.2 μg/kg to 3.0 μg/kg. This developed method provides a new targeted strategy for the analysis of multi-class veterinary drugs in muscle matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Zhu
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Danning Shen
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jie Mao
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yanqing Cao
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Kang Zhang
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jing Peng
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Fangting Dong
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Na Wang
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Kun He
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing 100850, China.
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4
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Pashaei R, Dzingelevičienė R, Abbasi S, Szultka-Młyńska M, Buszewski B. Determination of 15 human pharmaceutical residues in fish and shrimp tissues by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:325. [PMID: 35377058 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09993-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An efficient, reliable, and sensitive multiclass analytical method has been expanded to simultaneously determine 15 human pharmaceutical residues in fish and shrimp tissue samples by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The investigated compounds comprise ten classes, namely, analgesic, antibacterial, anticonvulsant, cardiovascular, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, penicillins, stimulant, and sulfonamide. A simple liquid extraction procedure based on 0.1% formic acid in methanol was developed. Chromatographic conditions were optimized, and mobile phase A was 0.1% ammonium acetate, and mobile phase B was acetonitrile. The mobile phase's gradient program was as follows: 0-2 min, 15% B; 2-5 min, linear to 95% B; 5-10 min, 95% B; and 10-12 min. The limits of detection were from 0.017 to 1.371 μg/kg, while a quantification range was measured from 0.051 to 4.113 μg/kg. Finally, amoxicillin, azithromycin, caffeine, carbamazepine, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, diclofenac, erythromycin, furosemide, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, and triclosan were quantifiable in fish and shrimp samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Pashaei
- Marine Research Institute of Klaipeda University, H. Manto g. 84, 92294, Klaipeda, Lithuania.
| | - Reda Dzingelevičienė
- Marine Research Institute of Klaipeda University, H. Manto g. 84, 92294, Klaipeda, Lithuania
| | - Sajjad Abbasi
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szultka-Młyńska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
| | - Boguslaw Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Torun, Poland
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Monteiro SH, Lehotay SJ, Sapozhnikova Y, Ninga E, Moura Andrade GCR, Lightfield AR. Validation of the QuEChERSER mega-method for the analysis of pesticides, veterinary drugs, and environmental contaminants in tilapia ( Oreochromis Niloticus). Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2022; 39:699-709. [PMID: 35081327 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.2020911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Diverse food safety programmes around the world are designed to help ensure production of safe food. To meet this need, the development and implementation of more efficient and effective analytical methods to monitor residues (pesticides and veterinary drugs) and contaminants in food is important. In this study, we report the validation results for a simple high-throughput mega-method for residual analysis of 213 pesticides and veterinary drugs, including 15 metabolites, plus 12 environmental contaminants (polychlorinated biphenyls) in tilapia muscle for implementation in routine laboratory analyses. The generic sample preparation method and analytical approach are known as QuEChERSER (more than QuEChERS). A small portion of the initial extract (204 µL) is taken for analysis by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) covering 145 analytes, and the remaining extract undergoes a salting out step followed by an automated robotic instrument top sample preparation (ITSP) cleanup, also known as micro-solid-phase extraction (µSPE), plus fast low-pressure gas chromatography LPGC-MS/MS for 134 analytes (66 pesticides are targeted in both UHPLC-MS/MS and LPGC-MS/MS). The mega-method was validated in spiked tilapia samples at 5, 10, 15, and 20 ng/g with 10 replicates per level over two days (n = 80 overall), and 70-140% recoveries with RSDs ≤20% were achieved for 92% of the analytes in LC and 82% in GC. No significant matrix effects were observed for the analytes in LPGC-MS/MS, and only 5% of the analytes exceeded ±20% matrix effect in UHPLC-MS/MS. Analysis of standard reference materials (NIST SRMs 1946 and 1947) for contaminants in freeze-dried fish showed acceptable results, further demonstrating that the QuEChERSER mega-method can be implemented to expand analytical scope and increase laboratory efficiency compared to the QuEChERS method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio H Monteiro
- Pesticide Residue Laboratory, Environmental Protection Research Center, Biological Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Steven J Lehotay
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA, USA
| | - Yelena Sapozhnikova
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA, USA
| | - Ederina Ninga
- Department of Toxicology and Residues Monitoring, Food Safety and Veterinary Institute, Tirana, Albania
| | - Graziela C R Moura Andrade
- Pesticide Residue Laboratory, Environmental Protection Research Center, Biological Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alan R Lightfield
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA, USA
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6
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Kalogeropoulou AG, Kosma CI, Albanis TA. Simultaneous determination of pharmaceuticals and metabolites in fish tissue by QuEChERS extraction and UHPLC Q/Orbitrap MS analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:7129-7140. [PMID: 34599396 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03684-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the occurrence, fate, and adverse effects of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in aquatic organisms have become a noteworthy issue. In the present study, a rapid and sensitive multiresidue analytical method was developed for the determination of 18 parent PhACs and 5 metabolites in sea bream (Sparus aurata), by combining a modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) procedure with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-Orbitrap-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS). The method development involved optimization of extraction solvent, extraction salts, clean-up sorbents, and amount of sample evaluation, while identification on Orbitrap MS was based on accurate mass and further confirmation with MS/MS fragmentation. The developed method was validated, and linearity was higher than 0.99. Recoveries in all cases ranged between 62 and 107% (at 10, 50, and 100 ng g-1), while intra-day and inter-day precision, expressed as relative standard deviation, RSD, was lower than 4% and 7%, respectively. In addition, limits of quantification (LOQs) ranged between 0.5 and 19 ng g-1. The compounds presented a low matrix effect, between - 13 and 4%, while the expanded uncertainty U% estimated at the three spiking levels 10, 50, and 100 ng g-1 was found below 49% in all cases. Finally, the validated method was applied to sea bream samples from an aquaculture farm located in the Mediterranean Sea, with one positive finding for the antibiotic trimethoprim at a concentration of 26 ng g-1, presenting negligible human health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina I Kosma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Triantafyllos A Albanis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.,University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
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7
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Wang J, Chow W, Wong JW, Chang J. Applications of nDATA for screening, quantitation, and identification of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables using UHPLC/ESI Q-Orbitrap all ion fragmentation and data independent acquisition. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2021; 56:e4783. [PMID: 34519115 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High sample throughput and effective multiresidue methods for screening, quantitation, and identification are desired for the analysis of a large number of pesticides in routine monitoring programs for food safety. This study was designed to explore the use of an UHPLC/ESI Q-Orbitrap nontarget data acquisition for target analysis (nDATA) workflow for screening 655 pesticides and quantifying a small group of 46 most likely incurred pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables in a single analysis. High-resolution mass spectrometers such as the Q-Orbitrap offer unique applications for pesticide analysis using full MS scan with data independent acquisition (DIA) or all ion fragmentation (AIF) scan. The experiments were designed to achieve a balance between selectivity and cycle time by considering parameter settings such as mass resolution and the number of mass isolation windows or isolation window widths. Coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), both full MS/DIA and full MS/AIF nDATA workflows were evaluated for screening, quantification, and identification in a single analysis. In general, UHPLC/ESI full MS/vDIA detected more fragment ions per pesticide than AIF when one to four fragments were compared. UHPLC/ESI full MS/vDIA and AIF generated comparable quantitative results, but the latter provided slightly better repeatability likely due to its shorter cycle time and more scans across a chromatographic peak. UHPLC/ESI full MS/vDIA may be preferable for screening, quantitation and identification when the testing scope covers a few hundreds of pesticides in a single analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Calgary Laboratory, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Willis Chow
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Calgary Laboratory, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jon W Wong
- US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - James Chang
- ThermoFisher Scientific, San Jose, California, USA
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Sun X, Gao J, Xing J, Xing L, Guo M, Peng J, Li Z, Tan Z. Simultaneous determination of triazine herbicides and their metabolites in shellfish by HPLC-MS/MS combined with Q/E-Orbitrap HRMS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:6239-6252. [PMID: 34389879 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03579-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Triazine herbicides are used extensively in agriculture and aquaculture worldwide because of their broad effectiveness in weed control. However, after they are discharged into the sea, they seriously contaminate aquatic ecosystems and threaten aquatic organisms, especially shellfish. Currently, there are no established methods for the detection and confirmation of triazine herbicides and their metabolites in biological matrixes. Hence, the food safety of aquatic products cannot be accurately evaluated, which creates a technical barrier against international aquatic product trade. In this study, for the first time, a method was developed for the analysis and confirmation of seven triazine herbicides and 13 metabolites in shellfish, based on alkaline acetonitrile extraction and neutral Al2O3 cartridge purification coupled with internal standard calibration. Specifically, quantitative and qualitative analysis was conducted using high-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), and accurate identification was carried out by quadrupole orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (Q/E Orbitrap HRMS). The results showed that target analytes demonstrated good linearity within the corresponding range (R2 > 0.995). The limit of detection and limit of quantitation of the proposed method were 0.1 and 0.3 μg/kg, respectively. The average recoveries of analytes were between 70.0% and 120% when spiked at three levels with blank oyster (Crassostrea gigas) as the matrix, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were all less than 12% (n=6). The proposed method was successfully applied for the detection of triazine herbicide residues in oyster samples during actual breeding, and the presence of DIP, HP, DEHA, and other metabolites in positive samples was confirmed by Q/E Orbitrap HRMS. This method exhibits high accuracy, high sensitivity, and good reproducibility. It has promising application prospects in the field of hazard analysis and the positive identification of aquatic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinfang Gao
- Weifang Institute of Inspection on Product Quality, Weifang, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xing
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Xing
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jixing Peng
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Tan
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Lehotay SJ, Lightfield AR. Extract-and-Inject Analysis of Veterinary Drug Residues in Catfish and Ready-to-Eat Meats by Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography - Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J AOAC Int 2021; 103:584-606. [PMID: 33241275 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsz036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Validated analytical methods are needed to conduct regulatory monitoring of ready-to-eat meats and fish for food safety, risk assessment, and other purposes. The methods should be cost-effective, high-throughput, and meet acceptable performance standards for a wide scope of drugs and matrixes. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to demonstrate the validity for possible implementation in the US National Residue Program of an efficient method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of 176 targeted drugs at levels as low as 10 ng/g in hot dogs, catfish and swai (Siluriformes), chicken tenders, fried bacon, and sausage using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). METHODS Sample preparation simply involved a 5 min extraction by shaking 2 g comminuted samples with 10 mL of 4/1 (v/v) acetonitrile/water followed by centrifugation and UHPLC-MS/MS analysis of 2 μL injections. For cleanup comparison purposes only, sausage extracts were also prepared using a cartridge-based EMR-Lipid method prior to analysis. RESULTS Acceptable validation of 70-120% recoveries with <25% RSDs was met for 156-176 out of 186 drugs and quality control analytes without cleanup depending on the matrix. The EMR-Lipid method for sausage improved results for some analytes, such as mectin anthelmintics, due to reduction of indirectly interfering fats in the final extracts, but it also led to significantly worse results for several other drugs, resulting in 32 fewer analytes meeting the given validation criteria than without cleanup. CONCLUSIONS The simple, high-throughput method was demonstrated to be valid to meet routine regulatory and other monitoring needs for many diverse targeted drugs in fish and ready-to-eat meat matrixes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Lehotay
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA
| | - Alan R Lightfield
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA
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10
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Lehotay SJ, Lightfield AR. Comparison of four different multiclass, multiresidue sample preparation methods in the analysis of veterinary drugs in fish and other food matrices. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:3223-3241. [PMID: 33713145 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03259-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In 2018, AOAC International issued Standard Method Performance Requirements (SPMR) 2018.010 - Screening and Identification Method for Regulated Veterinary Drug Residues in Food. In response, we compared 4 different multiresidue methods of sample preparation using the same analytical method entailing ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Tilapia was chosen for testing, and the analytes and monitoring levels were from SPMR 2018.010. The methods consist of efficient procedures with published validation results from the US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), and an enhanced-matrix removal (EMR)-Lipid protocol from China. Each method was used to prepare 102 final extracts of tilapia spiked or not at different levels with the 78 targeted analytes plus metabolites. The same FDA/USDA rules of mass spectral identification were employed in all analyses to assess rates of false positives and negatives. Quantitative accuracy of the methods was also compared in terms of recoveries and reproducibility of spiked tilapia, incurred catfish, and spiked and certified reference material of bovine muscle. Each method yielded generally acceptable results for the targeted veterinary drugs, but the USDA "extract & inject" method was the fastest, simplest, and cheapest to achieve equally or more acceptable results for the widest scope of analytes for the tested food matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Lehotay
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA, 19038, USA.
| | - Alan R Lightfield
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA, 19038, USA
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11
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Data processing strategies for non-targeted analysis of foods using liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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12
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Ninga E, Sapozhnikova Y, Lehotay SJ, Lightfield AR, Monteiro SH. High-Throughput Mega-Method for the Analysis of Pesticides, Veterinary Drugs, and Environmental Contaminants by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Robotic Mini-Solid-Phase Extraction Cleanup + Low-Pressure Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Part 2: Catfish. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:1169-1174. [PMID: 32442377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to develop and validate a new method for simultaneous determination of 106 veterinary drugs and 227 pesticides and their metabolites plus 16 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at and below their regulatory levels established for catfish muscle in the European Union and U.S.A. To do this, two different QuEChERS-based methods for veterinary drugs and pesticides and PCBs were modified and merged into a single mega-method dubbed "QuEChERSER" (more than QuEChERS), which is presented here for the first time. The mega-method was validated in catfish at four different spiking levels with 10 replicates per level. Sample extraction of 2 g test portions was made with 10 mL of 4:1 (v/v) acetonitrile/water, and then an aliquot was taken for ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analysis of 106 veterinary drugs and 125 pesticides, including metabolites. The remaining extract after salting out was subjected to automated mini-solid-phase extraction cleanup (Instrument Top Sample Preparation) for immediate injection in low-pressure gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LPGC-MS/MS). The cleanup was conducted in parallel with the 10 min LPGC-MS/MS analysis for 167 PCBs, pesticides, and metabolites, which was conducted in parallel with the 10 min UHPLC-MS/MS analysis for 231 analytes to increase sample throughput (49 analytes were included in both techniques). In MS/MS, three ion transitions were monitored for nearly all targeted analytes to provide unambiguous identification as well as quantification. Satisfactory recoveries (70-120%) and relative standard deviations of ≤20% were achieved for 98 (92%) of the veterinary drugs and their metabolites and for 222 (91%) of pesticides, metabolites, and PCBs, demonstrating that the developed method is applicable for the analysis of these contaminants in fish as part of regulatory monitoring programs and other purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ederina Ninga
- Department of Toxicology and Residues Monitoring, Food Safety and Veterinary Institute, 1001 Tirana, Albania
- Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, United States
| | - Yelena Sapozhnikova
- Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, United States
| | - Steven J Lehotay
- Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, United States
| | - Alan R Lightfield
- Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, United States
| | - Sergio H Monteiro
- Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, United States
- Pesticide Residue Laboratory, Environmental Protection Research Center, Biological Institute, São Paulo, São Paulo 04014-900, Brazil
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Lee HJ, Ryu HD, Lim DY, Chung EG, Kim K, Lee JK. Characteristics of veterinary antibiotics in intensive livestock farming watersheds with different liquid manure application programs using UHPLC-q-orbitrap HRMS combined with on-line SPE. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 749:142375. [PMID: 33370884 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Composted livestock manures, in both solid and liquid form, are used as fertilizers in cropland. However, excess solid and liquid manures in agricultural watersheds are considered as nonpoint pollution sources because of their high nutrient and heavy metal contents of, as well as their antibiotic contents, especially veterinary antibiotics (VAs). In this study, 21 VAs under nine classes (i.e., cephems, ionophores, lincosamides, penicillins, pleuromutilins, quinolones, streptogramins, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines) found in agricultural watersheds were simultaneously analyzed via UHPLC-q-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry using an on-line solid-phase extraction system. The residues of VAs in the surface water of two intensive livestock rearing watersheds (Cheongmi and Gwangcheon streams) in Korea were successfully quantified, and the values were found to range from 1.84 ± 0.42 ng L-1 to 835.6 ± 31.9 ng L-1. Time lags of 2-3 months were observed between the periods of liquid manure application and the periods with the maximum concentrations of VAs. In both watersheds, samples from points close to areas with extensive application of liquid manure exhibited high concentrations of most of the 21 VAs. Between the watersheds, the one with heavier application of liquid manure showed higher concentrations of the target VAs. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first attempt at evaluating the correlation between liquid manure application and environmental occurrence of VAs in surface water. The findings reveal that liquid manure application plays an important role in introducing VAs into aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jeoung Lee
- Department of Water Environment Research, National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), Hwangyoung-ro 42, Seo-gu, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Duck Ryu
- Department of Water Environment Research, National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), Hwangyoung-ro 42, Seo-gu, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Young Lim
- Department of Water Environment Research, National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), Hwangyoung-ro 42, Seo-gu, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Eu Gene Chung
- Department of Water Environment Research, National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), Hwangyoung-ro 42, Seo-gu, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyunghyun Kim
- Department of Water Environment Research, National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), Hwangyoung-ro 42, Seo-gu, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kwan Lee
- Department of Water Environment Research, National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), Hwangyoung-ro 42, Seo-gu, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
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Bourillon B, Acou A, Trancart T, Belpaire C, Covaci A, Bustamante P, Faliex E, Amilhat E, Malarvannan G, Virag L, Aarestrup K, Bervoets L, Boisneau C, Boulenger C, Gargan P, Becerra-Jurado G, Lobón-Cerviá J, Maes GE, Pedersen MI, Poole R, Sjöberg N, Wickström H, Walker A, Righton D, Feunteun É. Assessment of the quality of European silver eels and tentative approach to trace the origin of contaminants - A European overview. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140675. [PMID: 32927526 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The European eel is critically endangered. Although the quality of silver eels is essential for their reproduction, little is known about the effects of multiple contaminants on the spawning migration and the European eel management plan does not take this into account. To address this knowledge gap, we sampled 482 silver eels from 12 catchments across Europe and developed methods to assess three aspects of eel quality: muscular lipid content (N = 169 eels), infection with Anguillicola crassus (N = 482), and contamination by persistent organic pollutants (POPs, N = 169) and trace elements (TEs, N = 75). We developed a standardized eel quality risks index (EQR) using these aspects for the subsample of 75 female eels. Among 169 eels, 33% seem to have enough muscular lipids content to reach the Sargasso Sea to reproduce. Among 482 silver eels, 93% were infected by A. crassus at least once during their lifetime. All contaminants were above the limit of quantification, except the 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE), Ag and V. The contamination by POPs was heterogeneous between catchments while TEs were relatively homogeneous, suggesting a multi-scale adaptation of management plans. The EQR revealed that eels from Warwickshire were most impacted by brominated flame-retardants and agricultural contaminants, those from Scheldt were most impacted by agricultural and construction activities, PCBs, coal burning, and land use, while Frémur eels were best characterized by lower lipid contents and high parasitic and BTBPE levels. There was a positive correlation between EQR and a human footprint index highlighting the capacity of silver eels for biomonitoring human activities and the potential impact on the suitability of the aquatic environment for eel population health. EQR therefore represents a step forward in the standardization and mapping of eel quality risks, which will help identify priorities and strategies for restocking freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Bourillon
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS FRE 2030, Sorbonne Université, IRD 207, Université de Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, Centre de Recherche et d'Enseignement sur les Systèmes Côtiers, station de biologie marine de Dinard, 38 rue du Port Blanc, 35800 Dinard, France.
| | - Anthony Acou
- UMS 2006 Patrimoine Naturel (PatriNat, OFB/CNRS/MNHN), Centre de Recherche et d'Enseignement sur les Systèmes Côtiers, station de biologie marine de Dinard, 38 rue du Port Blanc, 35800 Dinard, France; OFB, Management of Diadromous Fish in their Environment OFB-INRAE-Agrocampus Ouest-UPPA, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Thomas Trancart
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS FRE 2030, Sorbonne Université, IRD 207, Université de Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, Centre de Recherche et d'Enseignement sur les Systèmes Côtiers, station de biologie marine de Dinard, 38 rue du Port Blanc, 35800 Dinard, France
| | - Claude Belpaire
- Institute for Nature and Forest Research (INBO), Dwersbos 28, 1630 Linkebeek, Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Paco Bustamante
- Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS - Université de la Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Elisabeth Faliex
- Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens (Cefrem), UMR 5110 CNRS-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, F-66860 Perpignan Cedex, France
| | - Elsa Amilhat
- Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens (Cefrem), UMR 5110 CNRS-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, F-66860 Perpignan Cedex, France
| | - Govindan Malarvannan
- Toxicological Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Laure Virag
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS FRE 2030, Sorbonne Université, IRD 207, Université de Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, Centre de Recherche et d'Enseignement sur les Systèmes Côtiers, station de biologie marine de Dinard, 38 rue du Port Blanc, 35800 Dinard, France
| | - Kim Aarestrup
- DTU AQUA, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Section for Freshwater Fisheries Ecology, Technical University of Denmark, Vejlsøvej 39, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Lieven Bervoets
- University of Antwerp, Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research group (SPHERE), Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Catherine Boisneau
- UMR 7324 CItés, TERitoires, Environnement et Sociétés (CITERES, CNRS, Université de Tours), 33 Allée Ferdinand de Lesseps, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Clarisse Boulenger
- OFB, Management of Diadromous Fish in their Environment OFB-INRAE-Agrocampus Ouest-UPPA, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France; INRAE, UMR 985, INRA-Agrocampus, Ecologie et Santé des Ecosystèmes, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Paddy Gargan
- Inland Fisheries Ireland, 3044 Lake Drive, Citywest Business Campus, Dublin 24, Ireland
| | - Gustavo Becerra-Jurado
- Inland Fisheries Ireland, 3044 Lake Drive, Citywest Business Campus, Dublin 24, Ireland; Institute for European Environmental Policy, Department of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Rue Joseph II 36-38, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Javier Lobón-Cerviá
- Department of evolutionary Ecology, National Museum of Natural Science (CSIC), C/. Jose Gutiérrez Abascal 2, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Gregory E Maes
- Aquaculture, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Center for Human Genetics, UZ Leuven - Genomics Core, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia
| | - Michael Ingemann Pedersen
- DTU AQUA, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Section for Freshwater Fisheries Ecology, Technical University of Denmark, Vejlsøvej 39, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Russell Poole
- Marine Institute, Fisheries Ecosystems Advisory Services, Newport, Co. Mayo, Ireland
| | - Niklas Sjöberg
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Freshwater Research, Stångholmsvägen 2, SE-178 93 Drottningholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan Wickström
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Freshwater Research, Stångholmsvägen 2, SE-178 93 Drottningholm, Sweden
| | - Alan Walker
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, England, United Kingdom
| | - David Righton
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, England, United Kingdom
| | - Éric Feunteun
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS FRE 2030, Sorbonne Université, IRD 207, Université de Caen Normandie, Université des Antilles, Centre de Recherche et d'Enseignement sur les Systèmes Côtiers, station de biologie marine de Dinard, 38 rue du Port Blanc, 35800 Dinard, France
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Bakota EL, Levine RA. Untargeted Screening in a Case Control Study Using Apples as a Matrix. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:10232-10246. [PMID: 32790305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Untargeted screening using high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) is a promising approach for screening the food supply for contaminants, but the sheer amount of information inherent to the HRMS data set presents analytical challenges. Red apples, collected during the U.S. FDA's Total Diet Study, were studied to determine whether bioinformatic software can be used to distinguish spiked model compounds from those native to apples. A workflow was created, in which initial data sets of over 44,000 features in each of the two spiked samples were reduced by several orders of magnitude to a scale suitable for visual inspection. After visual inspection to address degeneracy and data quality, the final data sets contained 30 and 2 suspect compounds, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest scale case-control study on food matrices to date and the first use of market basket samples as references in an untargeted screening study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L Bakota
- Kansas City Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 11510 W. 80th Street, Lenexa, Kansas 66214, United States
| | - Robert A Levine
- Kansas City Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 11510 W. 80th Street, Lenexa, Kansas 66214, United States
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16
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Turnipseed SB, Jayasuriya H. Analytical methods for mixed organic chemical residues and contaminants in food. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:5969-5980. [PMID: 32350581 PMCID: PMC10984255 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02668-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Developing methods that can analyze multiple categories of organic chemical residues such as pesticides, veterinary drugs, mycotoxins, human drugs, and environmental contaminants in food with a single analytical procedure is a growing trend. These methods for mixed organic chemical residues and contaminants focus on the chemical properties of these analytes rather than how they are used and adulterate the food supply. This paper highlights recently published methods for mixed residue and contaminant methods in food including advances in technology (instrumental hardware, data processing programs, and sample cleanup) that allow for a larger number of compounds to be monitored simultaneously. The factors that determine the scope, or number and type of analytes in a given method, including needs for specific food commodities, complexity of the analytical procedure, and the intended purpose (qualitative vs quantitative analysis) will be examined. Although there are clear advantages to expanding the number of unwanted chemicals being monitored in the global food supply, challenges to developing and implementing mixed organic residue and contaminant methods will also be discussed. Going forward, it will be important to implement these methods to more thoroughly protect the food supply for a wide variety of targeted and non-targeted chemical residues and contaminants while also having the regulatory framework in place to effectively manage the results of these comprehensive analyses. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherri B Turnipseed
- Animal Drugs Research Center, US Food and Drug Administration, Denver, CO, 80225, USA.
| | - Hiranthi Jayasuriya
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
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Guo Z, Zhu Z, Huang S, Wang J. Non-targeted screening of pesticides for food analysis using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry-a review. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2020; 37:1180-1201. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2020.1753890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeqin Guo
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Zhiguo Zhu
- College of Pharmacy and Life Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Huang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, P. R. China
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18
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Wu IL, Turnipseed SB, Storey JM, Andersen WC, Madson MR. Comparison of data acquisition modes with Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry for targeted and non-targeted residue screening in aquacultured eel. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8642. [PMID: 31702084 PMCID: PMC7722469 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE A current trend in monitoring chemical contaminants in animal products is to use high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). In this study, several HRMS data acquistion modes using Orbitrap MS for simultaneous full-scan MS in combination with MS2 analysis were evaulated for their effectiveness in detecting and identifying both targeted and non-targeted veterinary drug residues in aquacultured eel samples. METHODS Sample preparation consisted of an acidic acetonitrile extraction with solid-phase extraction cleanup for analysis using LC/HRMS. Different data acquisition methods, including full-scan MS with non-targeted all ion fragmentation (AIF), multiplexed or variable data-independent analysis (mDIA or vDIA), targeted data-dependent MS2 (DDMS2), and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) acquisition, were explored. The methods were evaluated with fortified eel tissue and imported eel samples to determine how many analytes could be detected and identified. RESULTS For non-targeted data acquisition, the number of analytes detected using DIA methods matched the results obtained by AIF, but the resulting product ion scans were more diagnostic because characteristic ions were predominant in the DIA MS2 spectra. In targeted analysis for a limited list of 68 compounds, full-scan MS followed by PRM was advantageous compared with DDMS2 because high-quality MS2 spectra were generated for almost all the analytes at target testing levels. CONCLUSIONS For residue screening, AIF has fast MS1 scan speed with adequate detection of product ions but may lead to false positive findings. DIA methods are better suited to monitor for both targeted and non-targeted compounds because they generate more characteristic MS2 spectra for retrospective library searching. For follow-up targeted analysis, PRM is prefered over DDMS2 when searching for a limited set of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Lin Wu
- Animal Drugs Research Center, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Denver Federal Center, P.O. Box 25087, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Sherri B Turnipseed
- Animal Drugs Research Center, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Denver Federal Center, P.O. Box 25087, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Joseph M Storey
- Animal Drugs Research Center, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Denver Federal Center, P.O. Box 25087, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Wendy C Andersen
- Animal Drugs Research Center, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Denver Federal Center, P.O. Box 25087, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Mark R Madson
- Animal Drugs Research Center, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Denver Federal Center, P.O. Box 25087, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Denver Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Denver Federal Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
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19
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Roy SS, Ghosh S. Genes regulating wing patterning in Drosophila melanogaster show reduced expression under exposure of Daminozide, the fruit ripening retardant. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 75:103322. [PMID: 31877500 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In our previous study we demonstrated that the fruit ripening retardant Daminozide or Alar causes change in life history traits, distortion of adult wing structure, DNA damage in brain cells and mutagenic effects in fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. As a continuation of the previous study the present work is designed to explore the metabolic modification of Daminozide following ingestion, the effects of Daminozide on the expression of genes which are pivotal for wing development and molecular interactions of Daminozide with those proteins involved in wing patterning. We demonstrated through reporter gene construct assay using X-gal staining method and transgenic Drosophila melanogaster stocks that the vestigial, wingless and decapentaplegic genes in wing imaginal disc from 3rd instar larvae exhibited reduced expression when exposed to Daminozide in compare to control larvae. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) of those genes confirmed that exposure to Daminozide reduces the transcription level of those genes. In silico approach with molecular docking study revealed Daminozide may bind and interfere with the optimal functioning of expressed wing signaling proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohini Singha Roy
- Cytogenetics & Genomics Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Taraknath Palit Sikshaprangan, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019 India.
| | - Sujay Ghosh
- Cytogenetics & Genomics Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Taraknath Palit Sikshaprangan, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019 India.
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20
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Baralla E, Varoni MV, Nieddu M, Demontis MP, Merella P, Burreddu C, Garippa G, Boatto G. Determination of Praziquantel in Sparus aurata L. after Administration of Medicated Animal Feed. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10030528. [PMID: 32245248 PMCID: PMC7142509 DOI: 10.3390/ani10030528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The present study aimed to determine the praziquantel concentration in Sparus aurata muscle after oral administration of medicated feed. The in-feed treatment is commonly used in aquaculture breeding because it allows the treatment of a large fish population without stress. However, no residue limit exists for praziquantel in fish for human consumption, so the purpose of this work was to verify if this drug was able to accumulate in fish tissues after this treatment. The high-sensitivity analytical method developed in this work permitted to identify and quantify low concentrations of the drug in gilthead sea bream muscle, after the above-mentioned treatment. This method can be useful to competent authorities in evaluating the appropriate withdrawal time in fish treated with praziquantel and intended for human consumption. Abstract Praziquantel (PZQ) is an anthelmintic drug used in humans and animals against Platyhelminthes and in aquaculture in the Far East. Medicated feed is one of the most convenient forms of oral administration of drugs in aquaculture because it allows to treat a large population of fish in an easy way. However, this treatment may lead to residues in fish intended for human consumption. In this study, a liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed in order to verify the presence of PZQ in samples of Sparus aurata after oral administration of feed treated with PZQ. The method was validated according to international guidelines. It showed good recoveries, selectivity and sensitivity (LOD and LOQ were 3.0 and 9.3 ng/g, respectively), with precision and matrix effect values ≤ 15%. This method could also be applied to determine PZQ residue in other fish species and thus to evaluate the appropriate withdrawal time in treated fish intended for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Baralla
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.B.); (M.V.V.); (M.P.D.); (P.M.); (C.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Maria Vittoria Varoni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.B.); (M.V.V.); (M.P.D.); (P.M.); (C.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Maria Nieddu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-079228719
| | - Maria Piera Demontis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.B.); (M.V.V.); (M.P.D.); (P.M.); (C.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Paolo Merella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.B.); (M.V.V.); (M.P.D.); (P.M.); (C.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Caterina Burreddu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.B.); (M.V.V.); (M.P.D.); (P.M.); (C.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Giovanni Garippa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (E.B.); (M.V.V.); (M.P.D.); (P.M.); (C.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Gianpiero Boatto
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
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Simultaneous Determination of Pesticides and Veterinary Pharmaceuticals in Environmental Water Samples by UHPLC–Quadrupole-Orbitrap HRMS Combined with On-Line Solid-Phase Extraction. SEPARATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/separations7010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticides and veterinary pharmaceuticals are used for effective crop production and prevention of livestock diseases; these chemicals are released into the environment via various pathways. Although the chemicals are typically present in trace amounts post-release, they could disturb aquatic ecosystems and public health through resistance development toward drugs or diseases, e.g., reproductive disorders. Thus, the residues of pesticides and veterinary pharmaceuticals in the environment must be managed and monitored. To that end, we developed a simultaneous analysis method for 41 target chemicals in environmental water samples using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)–quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) coupled with an on-line solid-phase extraction system. Calibration curves for determining linearity were constructed for 10–750 ng∙L−1, and the coefficient of determination for each chemical exceeded 0.99. The method’s detection and quantitation limits were 0.32–1.72 ng∙L−1 and 1.02–5.47 ng∙L−1, respectively. The on-line solid-phase extraction system exhibited excellent method reproducibility and reduced experimental error. As the proposed method is applicable to the monitoring of pesticides and veterinary pharmaceuticals in surface water and groundwater samples acquired near agricultural areas, it allows for the management of chemicals released into the environment.
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