1
|
Jones S, Yarbrough AL, Shoeib A, Bush JM, Fantegrossi WE, Prather PL, Radominska-Pandya A, Fujiwara R. Enzymatic analysis of glucuronidation of synthetic cannabinoid 1-naphthyl 1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxylate (FDU-PB-22). Xenobiotica 2019; 49:1388-1395. [PMID: 30739533 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2019.1580403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been a rise in abuse of synthetic cannabinoids (SCBs). The consumption of SCBs results in various effects and can induce toxic reactions, including paranoia, seizures, tachycardia and even death. 1-Naphthyl 1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxylate (FDU-PB-22) is a third generation SCB whose metabolic pathway has not been fully characterized. In this study, we conducted in vitro pharmacokinetic analysis of FDU-PB-22 metabolism. Metabolic reactions containing FDU-PB-22 and human liver microsomes (HLMs) were independent of NADPH but not UDP-glucuronic acid (UDPGA), suggesting that UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are the primary enzymes involved in this metabolism. It was further determined that the metabolite extensively formed after incubating FDU-PB-22 with UDPGA in HLMs was the glucuronide of FDU-PB-22 3-carboxyindole (FBI-COOH). Various hepatic UGTs showed enzymatic activity for FBI-COOH. A series of UGT inhibitors showed moderate to strong inhibition of FBI-COOH-glucuronidation in HLMs, suggesting that multiple UGT isoforms are involved in FBI-COOH-glucuronidation in the liver. Interestingly, an extra-hepatic isoform, UGT1A10, exhibited the highest activity with a Km value of 38 µM and a Vmax value of 5.90 nmol/min/mg. Collectively, these results suggest that both genetic mutations of and the co-administration of inhibitors for FDU-PB-22-metabolizing UGTs will likely increase the risk of FDU-PB-22-induced toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA.,Department of Physics and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas Fay etteville , Fayetteville , AR , USA
| | - Azure L Yarbrough
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA.,Department of Biology, University of Arkansas Little Rock , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - Amal Shoeib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - John M Bush
- Department of Biology, University of Arkansas Little Rock , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - William E Fantegrossi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - Paul L Prather
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - Anna Radominska-Pandya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - Ryoichi Fujiwara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ellis L, Hoskin A, Hartley R, Walsh A, Widmayer A, Ratnasingam M. General Theory versus ENA Theory: Comparing Their Predictive Accuracy and Scope. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2015; 59:1429-1458. [PMID: 25063685 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x14543263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
General theory attributes criminal behavior primarily to low self-control, whereas evolutionary neuroandrogenic (ENA) theory envisions criminality as being a crude form of status-striving promoted by high brain exposure to androgens. General theory predicts that self-control will be negatively correlated with risk-taking, while ENA theory implies that these two variables should actually be positively correlated. According to ENA theory, traits such as pain tolerance and muscularity will be positively associated with risk-taking and criminality while general theory makes no predictions concerning these relationships. Data from Malaysia and the United States are used to test 10 hypotheses derived from one or both of these theories. As predicted by both theories, risk-taking was positively correlated with criminality in both countries. However, contrary to general theory and consistent with ENA theory, the correlation between self-control and risk-taking was positive in both countries. General theory's prediction of an inverse correlation between low self-control and criminality was largely supported by the U.S. data but only weakly supported by the Malaysian data. ENA theory's predictions of positive correlations between pain tolerance, muscularity, and offending were largely confirmed. For the 10 hypotheses tested, ENA theory surpassed general theory in predictive scope and accuracy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lee Ellis
- University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Javdani S, Sadeh N, Verona E. Expanding our lens: female pathways to antisocial behavior in adolescence and adulthood. Clin Psychol Rev 2011; 31:1324-48. [PMID: 22001339 PMCID: PMC3376007 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Women and girls' engagement in antisocial behavior represents a psychological issue of great concern given the radiating impact that women's antisociality can have on individuals, families, and communities. Despite its importance and relevance for psychological science, this topic has received limited attention to date and no systematic review of risk factors exists. The present paper aims to systematically review the empirical literature informing risk factors relevant to women's antisocial behavior, with a focus on adolescence and adulthood. Primary aims are to 1) review empirical literatures on risk factors for female antisocial behavior across multiple levels of influence (e.g., person-level characteristics, risky family factors, and gender-salient contexts) and fields of study (e.g., psychology, sociology); 2) evaluate the relevance of each factor for female antisocial behavior; and 3) incorporate an analysis of how gender at both the individual and ecological levels shapes pathways to antisocial behavior in women and girls. We conclude that women's antisocial behavior is best-understood as being influenced by person-level or individual vulnerabilities, risky family factors, and exposure to gender-salient interpersonal contexts, and underscore the importance of examining women's antisocial behavior through an expanded lens that views gender as an individual level attribute as well as a social category that organizes the social context in ways that may promote engagement in antisocial behavior. Based on the present systematic review, an integrative pathway model is proposed toward the goal of synthesizing current knowledge and generating testable hypotheses for future research.
Collapse
|