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Halilova JG, Fynes-Clinton S, Addis DR, Rosenbaum RS. Assessing the relationship between delay discounting and decisions to engage in various protective behaviors during COVID-19. Cogn Res Princ Implic 2024; 9:38. [PMID: 38886253 PMCID: PMC11183030 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-024-00566-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Research suggests that discounting of delayed rewards (i.e., tendency to choose smaller immediate rewards over large later rewards) is a promising target of intervention to encourage compliance with public health measures (PHM), such as vaccination compliance. The effects of delay discounting, however, may differ across the types of PHMs, given that the benefits of vaccination, unlike other PHMs (physical distancing, handwashing, and mask-wearing), are more temporally delayed. Here, we examined whether delay discounting predicts engaging in COVID-19 PHMs in approximately 7,000 participants recruited from 13 countries in June-August 2021. After controlling for demographic and distress variables, delay discounting was a negative predictor of vaccination, but a positive predictor of physical distancing (when restrictions are in place) and handwashing. There was no significant association between delay discounting and frequency of mask-wearing. It is possible that increasing vaccination compliance may require greater emphasis on future benefits of vaccination, whereas promotion of physical distancing and hand hygiene may require greater focus on the present moment. Further research is needed to investigate the nature of this relationship and its implications for public health messaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Donna Rose Addis
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, North York, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - R Shayna Rosenbaum
- York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, North York, Canada.
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2
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Caycho-Rodríguez T, Torales J, Ventura-León J, Barrios I, Waisman-Campos M, Terrazas-Landivar A, Viola L, Vilca LW, Muñoz-Del-Carpio-Toia A. Network analysis of pandemic fatigue symptoms in samples from five South American countries. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2024; 70:601-614. [PMID: 38279537 DOI: 10.1177/00207640231223430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pandemic fatigue generates low motivation or the ability to comply with protective behaviors to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. AIMS This study aimed to analyze the symptoms of pandemic fatigue through network analysis in individuals from five South American countries. METHOD A total of 1,444 individuals from Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay participated and were evaluated using the Pandemic Fatigue Scale. The networks were estimated using the ggmModSelect estimation method and a polychoric correlation matrix was used. Stability assessment of the five networks was performed using the nonparametric resampling method based on the case bootstrap type. For the estimation of network centrality, a metric based on node strength was used, whereas network comparison was performed using a permutation-based approach. RESULTS The results showed that the relationships between pandemic fatigue symptoms were strongest in the demotivation dimension. Variability in the centrality of pandemic fatigue symptoms was observed among participating countries. Finally, symptom networks were invariant and almost identical across participating countries. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to provide information on how pandemic fatigue symptoms were related during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julio Torales
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
- Regional Institute for Health Research, National University of Caaguazú, Coronel Oviedo, Paraguay
| | - José Ventura-León
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima, Peru
| | - Iván Barrios
- Department of Statistics, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, Santa Rosa del Aguaray Campus, Santa Rosa del Aguaray, Paraguay
| | - Marcela Waisman-Campos
- Departament of Neuropsychiatry, Fleni, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad del Salvador, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Laura Viola
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Asociación Española, Montevideo. Uruguay
| | - Lindsey W Vilca
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
| | - Agueda Muñoz-Del-Carpio-Toia
- Vicerrectorado de investigación, Escuela de Postgrado, Escuela de Medicina Humana, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa, Perú
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3
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Bintabara D, Singo JB, Mvula M, Jofrey S, Shayo FK. Mental health disorders among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic in the area with no mandatory lockdown: a multicenter survey in Tanzania. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3451. [PMID: 38342933 PMCID: PMC10859363 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53885-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic brought about a major public health concern worldwide. It forced many countries to enforce lockdowns, leading to the closure of higher learning institutions. The abrupt shift in the lifestyle of students had a profound impact on their mental health. This study aims to determine the prevalence and factors associated with mental health conditions among university students in Tanzania during the COVID-19 pandemic. A sample of 425 students from six medical universities and colleges in Tanzania completed an online survey and was included in the analysis. The questionnaire consisted of validated Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21) questions (Cronbach's alpha = 0.92) assessing the presence of mental health symptoms: depression, anxiety, and stress. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted to explain the factors associated with mental health conditions. A P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant in all inferential analyses. The median age (interquartile range) of the participants was 24 (22-26). The prevalence of mental health conditions was 28.94%, 54.12%, and 15.06% for depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively, while the prevalence of having any mental health condition was 58.59%. In an adjusted regression model, being in the fourth and fifth years of study and living with a spouse were significantly associated with increased odds of depression: AOR = 5.99 (1.31-27.47), AOR = 5.52 (1.18-25.81), and AOR = 1.84 (1.08-3.15), respectively. Moreover, studying in private universities and living with a spouse were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of anxiety: AOR = 2.35 (1.72-2.76), and AOR = 2.32 (1.20-4.50), respectively. The likelihood of stress was only among participants studying in private universities; AOR = 2.90 (1.60-5.27). The study revealed alarmingly high rates of mental health conditions among medical students in Tanzania during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings suggest the need for regular checkups for medical students regarding their mental health status. Additionally, it recommends that the government and other stakeholders establish mental health services within the universities for the effective prevention of the rising burden of mental health problems among universities in Tanzania and other countries with similar settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deogratius Bintabara
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania.
- Tanrep Research Consultancy Limited, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Joseph B Singo
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Mathew Mvula
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Sichone Jofrey
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Festo K Shayo
- Tanrep Research Consultancy Limited, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Department of Internal Medicine, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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4
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Ford JD, Seedat S. On the path to recovery: traumatic stress research during the COVID-19 pandemic 2021-2023. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2023; 14:2281988. [PMID: 38038964 PMCID: PMC10990445 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2281988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This Special Issue of the European Journal of Psychotraumatology (EJPT) presents 51 articles published between 2021 and 2023 and follows the Special Issue on pandemic-related traumatic stress research published in 2021 (O'Donnell, M. L., & Greene, T. [2021]. Understanding the mental health impacts of COVID-19 through a trauma lens. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 12(1), 1982502). Research on traumatic stress during the pandemic has cast the spotlight on vulnerable populations and groups, notably front-line healthcare workers; people faced with major losses including the deaths of loved ones; those who personally survived debilitating and often life-threatening viral infection; and students who were isolated and experienced profound delays in their education, relationships, and emerging independence. The papers in this collection underscore the associations between COVID-19 related stressors and a plethora of adverse mental health sequelae, including posttraumatic stress reactions, and draw attention to the ubiquity of grief and moral injury and their wide-ranging and detrimental impact. Currently, there is a paucity of evidence on interventions to enhance resources, self-efficacy, and hope for affected groups and individuals through societal, organisational, and healthcare systems; however early research on the prevention of COVID-related traumatic stress disorders provides a basis for both hope and preparedness for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian D. Ford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Soraya Seedat
- South African Medical Research Council Unit on the Genomics of Brain Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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5
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Caycho-Rodríguez T, Rivera-Calcina R, Vilca LW, Carbajal-León C, Valencia PD, Yupanqui-Lorenzo DE, Arias Gallegos WL, Reyes-Bossio M, Oré-Kovacs N, Rojas-Jara C, Gallegos M, Polanco-Carrasco R, Cervigni M, Martino P, Lobos-Rivera ME, Moreta-Herrera R, Palacios Segura DA, Samaniego-Pinho A, Figares AB, Puerta-Cortés DX, Camargo A, Torales J, Monge Blanco JA, González P, Smith-Castro V, Petzold-Rodriguez O, Calderón R, Matute Rivera WY, Ferrufino-Borja D, Muñoz-Del-Carpio-Toia A, Palacios J, Burgos-Videla C, Eduviges Florez León AM, Vergara I, Vega D, Noe-Grijalva M, Shulmeyer MK, Urrutia Rios HT, Lira Lira AE, Lee SA. Assessment of Obsessive Thoughts About COVID-19 in 7 Latin American Countries: Structure and Measurement Invariance of the Obsession With COVID-19 Scale. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2023:302228231210148. [PMID: 37883293 DOI: 10.1177/00302228231210148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the measurement invariance of the Obsession with COVID-19 Scale (OCS) among seven Latin American countries: Bolivia, Brazil, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Although the OCS has been used in several countries and languages, there is a need for approaches that better integrate the cross-cultural equivalence of the scale. A total of 3185 people participated in the study. The results indicated the presence of a unidimensional structure and good reliability indices for the OCS in each country. The alignment method indicated that the OCS is an invariant measure of COVID-19 obsession among the populations of seven Latin American countries. The findings based on IRT analysis indicated that all OCS items had adequate discrimination and difficulty parameters. The findings contribute to the understanding of the internal structure of the scale in different countries at the same time, something that has been pending evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lindsey W Vilca
- South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Pablo D Valencia
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Tlanepantla de Baz, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | | | | | - Mario Reyes-Bossio
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
| | - Nicol Oré-Kovacs
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
| | - Claudio Rojas-Jara
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud. Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Católica Del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Miguel Gallegos
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud. Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Católica Del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Psicologia. Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones en Ciencias de La Salud y Del Comportamiento. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | | | - Mauricio Cervigni
- Centro de Investigación en Neurociencias de Rosario, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
| | - Pablo Martino
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Ciencias Del Comportamiento (LICIC), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Argentina
| | - Marlon Elías Lobos-Rivera
- Escuela de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Tecnológica de El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | | | | | - Antonio Samaniego-Pinho
- Carrera de Psicología, Facultad de Filosofía, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay
| | | | | | - Andrés Camargo
- School of Health and Sport Sciences, Fundación Universitaria Del Área Andina, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Julio Torales
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | | | - Pedronel González
- Universidad Jesús de Nazareth, Honduras
- Asociación Hondueña de Intervención en Crisis y Salud Mental, Honduras
| | - Vanessa Smith-Castro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | | | - Raymundo Calderón
- Colegio Estatal de Psicólogos en Intervención de Jalisco A.C. Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | | | - Daniela Ferrufino-Borja
- Centro de Investigación y Asesoramiento Psicológico, Facultad de Humanidades, Comunicación y Artes, Universidad Privada de Santa Cruz de La Sierra, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Agueda Muñoz-Del-Carpio-Toia
- Vicerrectorado de investigación, Escuela de Postgrado, Escuela de Medicina Humana, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa, Perú
| | - Jorge Palacios
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Del Valle de México, Querétaro, México
| | - Carmen Burgos-Videla
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Sociales y Educación, Universidad de Atacama, Copiapó, Chile
| | | | - Ibeth Vergara
- Asociación Panameña de Psicólogos, Ciudad de Panamá, Panamá
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Latina de Panamá, Panamá
| | - Diego Vega
- Escuela de Psicologia, Universidad Latina de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - Marion K Shulmeyer
- Centro de Investigación y Asesoramiento Psicológico, Facultad de Humanidades, Comunicación y Artes, Universidad Privada de Santa Cruz de La Sierra, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | | | | | - Sherman A Lee
- Department of Psychology, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA, USA
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Mejia CR, Alvarez-Risco A, Chamorro-Espinoza S, Castillón-Lozano JA, Paucar MC, Padilla-F VJ, Armada J, Vilela-Estrada MA, Serna-Alarcón V, Del-Aguila-Arcentales S, Yáñez JA. Crisis due to war: anxiety, depression and stress in the population of 13 Latin American countries. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1218298. [PMID: 37547209 PMCID: PMC10398955 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1218298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustainability may be at risk in a population that has altered health, according to Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3): Health and well-being. The ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine could jeopardize SDG 3, specifically the mental health of the population. The present study sought to determine the association between severe anxiety, depression and stress in population of 13 Latin American countries according to fear about the war conflict. It was a cross-sectional, analytical and multicenter study. Anxiety, depression and stress were measured with the DASS-21 test (Cronbach's Alpha: 0.97) and fear due to an armed crisis with a questionnaire already validated in Latin America (Cronbach's Alpha: 0.92), which was also adjusted for sex, age, education level and country of residence. Descriptive and analytical statistics were obtained. Of the 2,626 respondents, the main fear was that weapons of mass destruction would be used. In the multivariate models, strong associations were found between fear of a possible world-scale armed conflict and having severe or very severe levels of anxiety (aPR: 1.97; 95% CI: 1.64-2.36; value of p <0.001), depression (aPR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.54-2.36; value of p <0.001) or stress (aPR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.63-2.57; value of p <0.001). Sustainability linked to SDG 3, specifically mental health, is affected by this type of significant events, given the possible global war crisis that could trigger major events, even more so if added to the deterioration already experienced by COVID-19 in the Latin American region, insecurity and constant political uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Scherlli Chamorro-Espinoza
- Universidad de Aquino Bolivia, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
- Asociación Médica de Investigación y Servicios en Salud, Lima, Peru
| | - Jorge Andrés Castillón-Lozano
- Facultad de Medicina, Grupo de investigación Infettare, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia
- Asociación de Sociedades Científicas de Estudiantes de Medicina de Colombia (ASCEMCOL), Bogota, Colombia
| | | | - Valeria J. Padilla-F
- Federación Latinoamericana de Sociedades Científicas de Estudiantes de Medicina, Asunción, Paraguay
- Universidad Autónoma Juan Misael Saracho, Tarija, Bolivia
| | | | | | - Victor Serna-Alarcón
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Trujillo, Peru
- Hospital José Cayetano Heredia, EsSalud, Piura, Peru
| | | | - Jaime A. Yáñez
- Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
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Zhang SX, Kowalczuk K. Editorial: New evidence on the psychological impacts and consequences of COVID-19 on mental workload healthcare workers in diverse regions in the world. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1226793. [PMID: 37383617 PMCID: PMC10295729 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1226793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen X. Zhang
- Adelaide Business School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Krystyna Kowalczuk
- Department of Integrated Medical Care, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
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Padmanabhanunni A, Pretorius TB. From fear and vulnerability to fortitude: sustaining psychological well-being in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 53:250-264. [PMID: 38603411 PMCID: PMC9708527 DOI: 10.1177/00812463221137876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Despite the societal increase in mental health disorders during the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, many individuals were able to cope effectively with new mental health challenges. The heterogeneity in responses to adversity underscores the influence of protective factors in promoting coping behaviour. The current study investigates fortitude as a potential protective resource by examining the potential direct, mediating, and moderating roles of fortitude in the relationship between perceived vulnerability to disease, fear of COVID-19, and indices of psychological well-being. Participants (n = 355) were schoolteachers who completed the Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Questionnaire, Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Fortitude Questionnaire, UCLA Loneliness Scale, trait scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Path analysis indicated that fortitude had a health-sustaining effect that was evident in its association with all indices of psychological well-being. Fortitude also mediated the relationship between perceived vulnerability to disease and depression, anxiety, and loneliness. In addition, fortitude moderated the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and depression. The significant moderating and mediating effects of fortitude on psychological outcomes support its potential for counterbalancing the negative mental health impacts of COVID-19. Interventions aimed at enhancing fortigenic appraisals of self and others may prove beneficial in promoting psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tyrone B Pretorius
- Department of Psychology, University of the Western Cape, Republic of South Africa
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Bravo-Sanzana M, Miranda R, Oriol X. Adolescent Victimization during COVID-19 Lockdowns and Its Influence on Mental Health Problems in Seven Countries: The Mediation Effect of Resilience. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1958. [PMID: 36767323 PMCID: PMC9915164 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to test the differences between the mean scores of victimization, an indicator of depression, stress, and anxiety (DASS), across seven countries (Australia, Chile, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Poland, and the Russian Federation) during the COVID-19 lockdowns. In addition, this study sought to analyze the mediator role of resilience in these relationships in the different countries. To this end, a structural equation model (SEM) was tested and differences across countries were considered through a multigroup analysis. Data for adolescent students from seven countries (n = 7241) collected by the Global Research Alliance showed that levels of anxiety, depression, and stress among adolescents were different in the countries assessed; all of them presented values above the mean of the indicator, with Chile and Russia having the highest values. Regarding the prevalence of exposure to violence, the mean across all countries studied was 34%, with the highest prevalence in Russia and India. At the global level, an adequate adjustment was observed in the SEM mediation model considering all countries. However, a mediator effect of resilience was only observed in the relationship between victimization and the indicator of DASS in Chile, Indonesia, and Russia. The results are discussed, analyzing the relevance of resilience as a protective factor for mental health during COVID-19 lockdowns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Bravo-Sanzana
- Núcleo Científico-Tecnológico en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Rafael Miranda
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Continental, Huancayo 12000, Peru
| | - Xavier Oriol
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de Girona, 17004 Girona, Spain
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Espinoza-Turcios E, Gonzales-Romero RM, Sosa-Mendoza C, Sierra-Santos M, Castro-Ramos HN, Zambrano LI, Armada J, Mejía CR. Factors associated with hopelessness, depression and anxiety in the Honduran-Central America population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1116881. [PMID: 36937724 PMCID: PMC10014751 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1116881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe mental health of the population has been affected by COVID-19, reporting in many populations higher levels of depressive, anxious and stress symptoms, however, in Honduras there are no studies showing the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of the population.AimTo determine the factors associated with hopelessness, depression and anxiety in times of COVID-19 in the Honduran population.MethodsCross-sectional analytical study. Three scales were used, Beck for hopelessness, Hamilton for depression and anxiety, through interviews with the population attending different levels of health care throughout the country. Descriptive and analytical statistics were obtained. For hopelessness, the Beck Hopelessness Scale was used; for depression and anxiety, the Hamilton Scale was used.ResultsOf the 8,125 participants, the population in general showed results of hopelessness 14.9%, depression 12.9% and anxiety 1.2%, there was less hopelessness among women (p = 0.004), university students (p < 0.001), but greater among those who had a family member deceased by COVID-19 (p < 0.001), among those who had diabetes mellitus (DM) (p < 0.001), history of mental illness (p < 0.001) or had consumed drugs in the last 6 months (p < 0.001). There was more depression among those with arterial hypertension (p = 0.002), obesity (p = 0.019), DM (p = 0.004), history of mental illness (p < 0.001) or had consumed drugs in the last 6 months (p < 0.001). There was more anxiety among those infected with COVID-19 (p = 0.023), according to having a family member deceased by COVID-19 (p = 0.045) and in those with a history of mental illness (p < 0.001).DiscussionThe Honduran population presented important differences in the socio-pathological, according to the loss of family members or having previous illnesses, this according to the presentation of problems in the mental sphere.ConclusionWe found factors associated with hopelessness, we found factors associated with hopelessness, depression and anxiety in times of COVID-19 in the Honduran population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Espinoza-Turcios
- Scientific Research Unit (UIC), Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), Institute for Research in Medical Sciences and Right to Health (ICIMEDES), National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH), Tegucigalpa, Honduras
- *Correspondence: Eleonora Espinoza-Turcios,
| | - René Mauricio Gonzales-Romero
- Scientific Research Unit (UIC), Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), Institute for Research in Medical Sciences and Right to Health (ICIMEDES), National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH), Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Carlos Sosa-Mendoza
- Honduran Institute for the Prevention of Alcoholism, Drug Addiction and Drug Dependency (IHADFA), Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Manuel Sierra-Santos
- Scientific Research Unit (UIC), Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), Institute for Research in Medical Sciences and Right to Health (ICIMEDES), National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH), Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Henry Noel Castro-Ramos
- Scientific Research Unit (UIC), Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), Institute for Research in Medical Sciences and Right to Health (ICIMEDES), National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH), Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Lysien Ivania Zambrano
- Scientific Research Unit (UIC), Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), Institute for Research in Medical Sciences and Right to Health (ICIMEDES), National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH), Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - José Armada
- Faculty of Business Sciences, Universidad Continental, Huancayo, Peru
| | - Christian R. Mejía
- Translational Medicine Research Centre, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
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11
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Yang Y, Cao Q, Zhao M, Zhuang Q. Knowledge mapping of students' mental health status in the COVID-19 pandemic: A bibliometric study. Front Psychol 2022; 13:985866. [PMID: 36507008 PMCID: PMC9728543 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.985866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the international scientific output on mental health of students during COVID-19 from 2020 to 2022 through a bibliometric analysis and to explore trend and research hotspots in this field. Methods We searched the Web of Science Core Collection for publications and used a variety of software to analyze and visualize the data such as R, CiteSpace, VOSviewer and Scimago. Results A total of 2,734 publications were retrieved as of June 4, 2022, published by 3,894 institutions from 120 countries/regions. China and the United States lead in the quantity and quality of publications in this field. According to Bradford's Law, 16 journals are considered core journals in the field. Co-cited references indicate the main psychological problems of students under the epidemic revolve around anxiety, poor sleep and financial difficulty. Their behavior might also be influenced by increased internet and alcohol use. Conclusion Mental health of students during COVID-19 is attracting increasing attention. It is identified that the research hotspots in this field continue to revolve around emotional anxiety and unhealthy behaviors. Due to the different troubles faced by different groups under COVID-19, further exploration of the relevant factors specific for students are needed, with a hopeful view to providing ideas for intervention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qingtai Cao
- Transplantation Center, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mingyi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Mingyi Zhao, ; Quan Zhuang,
| | - Quan Zhuang
- Transplantation Center, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Department of Educational Affairs, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Research Center on Transplantation Medicine of National Health Ministry, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Mingyi Zhao, ; Quan Zhuang,
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12
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Zegarra-López AC, Florentino-Santisteban B, Flores-Romero J, Delgado-Tenorio A, Cernades-Ames A. A Cross-Sectional Study on the Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms and Its Associated Sociodemographic Factors in Peru during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14240. [PMID: 36361118 PMCID: PMC9654240 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to analyze the prevalence of depressive symptoms and its sociodemographic-associated factors in Peruvian adults. Data was extracted from a nation-wide representative survey in which depression symptoms were measured with the PHQ-9 and sociodemographic information was extracted from household data. Depression severity rates were estimated for each symptom, and responses were modeled through the Rating Scale Model to obtain a depression measure used as dependent variable on a Generalized Mixed Linear Model. The most frequent depression symptoms were emotional, such as discouragement, sad mood, hopelessness, and lack of pleasure when doing activities. Our model showed that, after controlling the effects of all the variables considered, the most relevant predictors were gender, education level, physiographic region, age, marital status, and number of coresidents. Higher depression levels were found in women, people who did not complete higher education, participants living in the Highlands, older adults, single participants, and people living alone. Thus, interventions to promote or prevent depression severity during similar situations as the pandemic should focus on specific sociodemographic groups and their particular needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Christopher Zegarra-López
- Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Lima, Lima 15023, Peru
- Grupo de Investigación en Psicología, Bienestar y Sociedad, Instituto de Investigación Científica, Universidad de Lima, Lima 15023, Peru
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13
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Halilova JG, Fynes-Clinton S, Green L, Myerson J, Wu J, Ruggeri K, Addis DR, Rosenbaum RS. Short-sighted decision-making by those not vaccinated against COVID-19. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11906. [PMID: 35831340 PMCID: PMC9277980 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15276-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Widespread vaccination is necessary to minimize or halt the effects of many infectious diseases, including COVID-19. Stagnating vaccine uptake can prolong pandemics, raising the question of how we might predict, prevent, and correct vaccine hesitancy and unwillingness. In a multinational sample (N = 4,452) recruited from 13 countries that varied in pandemic severity and vaccine uptake (July 2021), we examined whether short-sighted decision-making as exemplified by steep delay discounting-choosing smaller immediate rewards over larger delayed rewards-predicts COVID-19 vaccination status. Delay discounting was steeper in unvaccinated individuals and predicted vaccination status over and above demographics or mental health. The results suggest that delay discounting, a personal characteristic known to be modifiable through cognitive interventions, is a contributing cause of differences in vaccine compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joel Myerson
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Jianhong Wu
- York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | | | - Donna Rose Addis
- Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - R Shayna Rosenbaum
- York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
- Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
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14
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Prevalence of and risk factors for depression, anxiety, and stress in non-hospitalized asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 patients in East Java province, Indonesia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270966. [PMID: 35797394 PMCID: PMC9262201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite abundant data on mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic, 3 important knowledge gaps continue to exist, i.e., 1) studies from low-/middle income countries (LMICs); 2) studies in the later period of the COVID-19 pandemic; and 3) studies on non-hospitalized asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 patients. To address the knowledge gaps, we assessed the prevalence of and the risk factors for mental health symptoms among non-hospitalized asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 patients in one LMIC (Indonesia) during the later period of the pandemic. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in September 2020 in East Java province, Indonesia. Study population consisted of non-hospitalized asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 patients who were diagnosed based on reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction results from nasopharyngeal swab. Mental health symptoms were evaluated using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21. Results From 778 non-hospitalized asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 patients, 608 patients were included in the analysis. Patients’ median age was 35 years old and 61.2% were male. Of these, 22 (3.6%) reported symptoms of depression, 87 (14.3%) reported symptoms of anxiety, and 48 (7.9%) reported symptoms of stress. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that females were more likely to report symptoms of stress (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.98, p-value = 0.028); healthcare workers were more likely to report symptoms of depression and anxiety (aOR = 5.57, p-value = 0.002 and aOR = 2.92, p-value = 0.014, respectively); and those with a recent history of self-quarantine were more likely to report symptoms of depression and stress (aOR 5.18, p = 0.004 and aOR = 1.86, p = 0.047, respectively). Conclusion The reported prevalence of mental health symptoms, especially depression, was relatively low among non-hospitalized asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 patients during the later period of the COVID-19 pandemic in East Java province, Indonesia. In addition, several risk factors have been identified.
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15
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Ben Brik A, Williams N, Esteinou R, Acero IDM, Mesurado B, Debeliuh P, Storopoli JE, Orellana ON, James SL. Parental mental health and child anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America. THE JOURNAL OF SOCIAL ISSUES 2022:JOSI12523. [PMID: 35942491 PMCID: PMC9349462 DOI: 10.1111/josi.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This study examined parents' (N = 10,141, 64% women) reports of their and their childrens' depression, anxiety, and stress in Brazil, Mexico, Colombia and Argentina. The data come from the COVID-19 Family Life Study (Ben Brik, 2020) and cohort recruited between April and December 2020. Participants completed online surveys that included the DASS-21 and the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale. Our findings indicate that socio-economically disadvantaged families fared worse in mental health during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with families with more social and economic resources. Mothers reported higher anxiety, depression, and stress compared with fathers. Parents of adolescents and adolescents fared worse than did families with younger children. Parental physical activity was associated with better parent and child mental health of anxiety symptoms. We discuss the need to address the adverse impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in families in Latin America via coordinated mental health and psychosocial support services that are integrated into the pandemic response currently and after the pandemic subsides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Ben Brik
- College of Public PolicyHamad BinKhalifa UniversityDohaQatar
| | - Natalie Williams
- College of Education and Human SciencesUniversity of Nebraska–LincolnLincolnNebraskaUSA
| | - Rosario Esteinou
- Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social (CIESAS)Mexico CityMexico
| | | | - Belén Mesurado
- Instituto de FilosofiaUniversidad AustralBuenos AiresArgentina
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16
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Valladares-Garrido MJ, Picón-Reátegui CK, Zila-Velasque JP, Grados-Espinoza P. Prevalence and Factors Associated with Insomnia in Military Personnel: A Retrospective Study during the Second COVID-19 Epidemic Wave in Peru. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10071199. [PMID: 35885726 PMCID: PMC9315965 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10071199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies in military personnel are scarce and have reported increased rates of medical consultations and insomnia. The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with a number of factors that increase the prevalence of insomnia, which has established consequences in the military. However, reported data are from different settings. We aimed to identify the prevalence and factors associated with insomnia during the second COVID-19 epidemic wave in Lambayeque, Peru. A retrospective study in 566 participants was conducted face-to-face in November 2021. The dependent variable was insomnia, measured with the Insomnia Severity Index. The independent variables were socio-labor variables, physical activity, food insecurity, eating behavior disorder, fear of COVID-19, and resilience. The prevalence of insomnia was 23% (95% CI: 19.6–26.7%). In multivariate analysis, insomnia was associated with a personal history of mental health (PR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.01–2.93), food insecurity (PR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.05–1.95), fear of COVID-19 (PR: 2.57, 95% CI: 1.87–3.54), and high resilience (PR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.42–0.86). Overall, the Peruvian military population presents a high prevalence of insomnia during the pandemic period. Special attention should be paid to factors that influence insomnia. Prevention and promotion programs should be established to reverse this negative trend in the military.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario J. Valladares-Garrido
- Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima 15046, Peru
- Instituto de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud e Investigación-IETSI, EsSalud, Lima 15072, Peru
- Correspondence:
| | | | - J. Pierre Zila-Velasque
- School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrion, Pasco 19001, Peru; (J.P.Z.-V.); (P.G.-E.)
- Red Latinoamericana de Medicina en la Altitud e Investigación (REDLAMAI), Pasco 19001, Peru
| | - Pamela Grados-Espinoza
- School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrion, Pasco 19001, Peru; (J.P.Z.-V.); (P.G.-E.)
- Red Latinoamericana de Medicina en la Altitud e Investigación (REDLAMAI), Pasco 19001, Peru
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17
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Chen J, Zhang SX, Yin A, Yáñez JA. Mental health symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in developing countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Health 2022; 12:05011. [PMID: 35604881 PMCID: PMC9126304 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.12.05011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This systematic review aims to 1) summarize the prevalence of anxiety, depression, distress, insomnia, and PTSD in the adult population during the first year of the COVID pandemic in developing countries and 2) uncover and highlight the uneven distribution of research on mental health in all developing countries across regions. Methods Several literature databases were systemically searched for meta-analyses published by September 22, 2021, on the prevalence rates of mental health symptoms in developing countries worldwide. We meta-analysed the raw data of the individual empirical results from the previous meta-analysis papers in developing countries in different regions. Results The prevalence rates of mental health symptoms were summarized based on 341 empirical studies with a total of 1 704 072 participants from 40 out of 167 developing countries in Africa, Asia (East, Southeast, South, and West), Europe, and Latin America. Comparatively, Africa (39%) and West Asia (35%) had the worse overall mental health symptoms, followed by Latin America (32%). The prevalence rates of overall mental health symptoms of medical students (38%), general adult students (30%), and frontline health care workers (HCWs) (27%) were higher than those of general HCWs (25%) and general populations (23%). Among five mental health symptoms, distress (29%) and depression (27%) were the most prevalent. Interestingly, people in the least developing countries suffered less than those in emergent and other developing countries. The various instruments employed lead to result heterogeneity, demonstrating the importance of using the well-established instruments with the standard cut-off points (eg, GAD-7, GAD-2, and DASS-21 for anxiety, PHQ-9 and DASS-21 for depression, and ISI for insomnia). Conclusions The research effort on mental health in developing countries during COVID-19 has been highly uneven in the scope of countries and mental health outcomes. This meta-analysis, the largest on this topic to date, shows that the mental health symptoms are highly prevalent yet differ across regions. The accumulated systematic evidence from this study can help enable the prioritization of mental health assistance efforts to allocate attention and resources across countries and regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyao Chen
- College of Business, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Stephen X Zhang
- Adelaide Business School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Allen Yin
- School of Humanities, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jaime A Yáñez
- Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru.,Gerencia Corporativa de Asuntos Científicos y Regulatorios, Teoma Global, Lima, Peru
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18
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Li L, Zhang SX, Graf-Vlachy L. Predicting Managers' Mental Health Across Countries: Using Country-Level COVID-19 Statistics. Front Public Health 2022; 10:791977. [PMID: 35664112 PMCID: PMC9160832 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.791977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is limited research focusing on publicly available statistics on the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic as predictors of mental health across countries. Managers are at risk of suffering from mental disorders during the pandemic because they face particular hardship. Objective We aim to predict mental disorder (anxiety and depression) symptoms of managers across countries using country-level COVID-19 statistics. Methods A two-wave online survey of 406 managers from 26 countries was performed in May and July 2020. We used logistic panel regression models for our main analyses and performed robustness checks using ordinary least squares regressions. In the sample, 26.5% of managers reached the cut-off levels for anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder-7; GAD-7) and 43.5% did so for depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9; PHQ-9) symptoms. Findings We found that cumulative COVID-19 statistics (e.g., cumulative cases, cumulative cases per million, cumulative deaths, and cumulative deaths per million) predicted managers' anxiety and depression symptoms positively, whereas daily COVID-19 statistics (daily new cases, smoothed daily new cases, daily new deaths, smoothed daily new deaths, daily new cases per million, and smoothed daily new cases per million) predicted anxiety and depression symptoms negatively. In addition, the reproduction rate was a positive predictor, while stringency of governmental lockdown measures was a negative predictor. Individually, we found that the cumulative count of deaths is the most suitable single predictor of both anxiety and depression symptoms. Conclusions Cumulative COVID-19 statistics predicted managers' anxiety and depression symptoms positively, while non-cumulative daily COVID-19 statistics predicted anxiety and depression symptoms negatively. Cumulative count of deaths is the most suitable single predictor of both anxiety and depression symptoms. Reproduction rate was a positive predictor, while stringency of governmental lockdown measures was a negative predictor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Li
- School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Stephen X. Zhang
- Adelaide Business School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Lorenz Graf-Vlachy
- TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
- ESCP Business School, Paris, France
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19
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Rajkumar RP. The Contributions of Pandemic Severity, Government Stringency, Cultural Values and Internet Usage to Post-traumatic Stress Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of Data From 35 Countries. FRONTIERS IN SOCIOLOGY 2022; 7:881928. [PMID: 35620119 PMCID: PMC9127200 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2022.881928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Emergent symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been frequently reported in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, and may affect up to 17-18% of individuals. There is preliminary evidence that pandemic severity, cultural values, restrictions imposed by governments, and Internet usage may all influence the emergence of PTSD symptomatology. In this study, possible linear- and non-linear associations between these factors and the prevalence of PTSD symptoms across 35 countries were examined based on data from existing research. Evidence was found for a positive logarithmic relationship between the COVID-19 case-fatality ratio and PTSD (p = 0.046), a positive logarithmic relationship between power distance and PTSD (p = 0.047), and a trend toward a negative quadratic association with Internet usage (p = 0.051). No significant cross-national effect was observed for government restrictiveness. These findings suggest that strategies aimed at minimizing COVID-19 deaths, and at ensuring equitable access to essential resources, may be of use in reducing the emergence of PTSD symptoms at a population level during this pandemic.
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20
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Chen X, Chen J, Zhang M, Dong RK, Li J, Dong Z, Ye Y, Tong L, Zhao R, Cao W, Li P, Zhang SX. Meta-Regression on the Heterogenous Factors Contributing to the Prevalence of Mental Health Symptoms During the COVID-19 Crisis Among Healthcare Workers. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:833865. [PMID: 35370861 PMCID: PMC8972157 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.833865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This paper used meta-regression to analyze the heterogenous factors contributing to the prevalence rate of mental health symptoms of the general and frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) in China under the COVID-19 crisis. Method We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Medrxiv and pooled data using random-effects meta-analyses to estimate the prevalence rates, and ran meta-regression to tease out the key sources of the heterogeneity. Results The meta-regression results uncovered several predictors of the heterogeneity in prevalence rates among published studies, including severity (e.g., above severe vs. above moderate, p < 0.01; above moderate vs. above mild, p < 0.01), type of mental symptoms (PTSD vs. anxiety, p = 0.04), population (frontline vs. general HCWs, p < 0.01), sampling location (Wuhan vs. Non-Wuhan, p = 0.04), and study quality (p = 0.04). Conclusion The meta-regression findings provide evidence on the factors contributing to the prevalence rate of mental health symptoms of the general and frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) to guide future research and evidence-based medicine in several specific directions. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=220592, identifier: CRD42020220592.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Chinese Open Science Network, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiyao Chen
- Department of Strategy and Entrepreneurship, College of Business, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Meimei Zhang
- Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | | | - Jizhen Li
- Department of Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Strategy, School of Economic and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Dong
- Department of Sociology and Interuniversity Center for Social Science Theory and Methodology (ICS), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Yingying Ye
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingyao Tong
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ruiying Zhao
- Department of Clinical, Neuro- and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wenrui Cao
- Department of Social, Health and Organizational Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Peikai Li
- Department of Social, Health and Organizational Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Stephen X. Zhang
- Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Family Enterprise Discipline, Adelaide Business School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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21
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Valdés JM, Díaz FJ, Christiansen PM, Lorca GA, Solorza FJ, Alvear M, Ramírez S, Nuñez D, Araya R, Gaete J. Mental Health and Related Factors Among Undergraduate Students During SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:833263. [PMID: 35711588 PMCID: PMC9193581 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.833263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health problems among undergraduates are a significant public health concern. Most studies exploring mental health in this population during the pandemic have been conducted in high-income countries. Fewer studies come from Latin American countries. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, and suicide risk, and explore the association with several relevant variables in personal, family, university, and SARS-CoV-2 pandemic domains. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in Chile in a medium-size private University. Outcome variables were explored with valid instruments: Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS). Independent variables from personal (e.g., sex, age, sexual orientation, history of mental health problems, substance use), family (e.g., parental educational background, family history of mental health problems, family functioning), university (e.g., course year, financial support, psychological sense of university belonging, history of failing subjects) and SARS-CoV-2 domains (e.g., history of personal and family contagion, fear of contracting SARS-CoV-2, frequency of physical activity, keeping routines and social contact). Multivariable logistic regression models were conducted for each outcome, after univariable and domain-specific multivariable models. The significant variable at each step was selected if the p-value was ≤ 0.05. RESULTS A total of 5,037 students answered the survey-the global response rate of 63.5%. Most of the students were females (70.4%) and freshmen students (25.2%). The prevalence of mental health problems was high: depression (37.1%), anxiety (37.9%), and stress (54.6%). Insomnia was reported in 32.5% of students, and suicide risk in 20.4% of students. The associated variables at personal domain were history of mental health problems, substance use, and sexual orientation; at family domain, family functioning and family history of mental health problems; at university domain, violence victimization and sense of belonging; and in SARS-CoV-2 domain, having a daily routine and fear to contracting SARS-CoV-2 by students themselves or others. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of mental health problems is high among undergraduate students and some of the associated factors, such as victimization and a sense of belonging can be used in preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Matías Alvear
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Saray Ramírez
- Faculty of Education, Research Center for Students Mental Health (ISME), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,National Research and Development Agency (ANID), Millennium Science Initiative Program, Millennium Nucleus to Improve the Mental Health of Adolescents and Youths, Imhay, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Nuñez
- National Research and Development Agency (ANID), Millennium Science Initiative Program, Millennium Nucleus to Improve the Mental Health of Adolescents and Youths, Imhay, Santiago, Chile.,Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Ricardo Araya
- National Research and Development Agency (ANID), Millennium Science Initiative Program, Millennium Nucleus to Improve the Mental Health of Adolescents and Youths, Imhay, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Health Service and Population Research, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge Gaete
- Faculty of Education, Research Center for Students Mental Health (ISME), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,National Research and Development Agency (ANID), Millennium Science Initiative Program, Millennium Nucleus to Improve the Mental Health of Adolescents and Youths, Imhay, Santiago, Chile
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22
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Wegner L, Liu S. Positive and negative experiences with the COVID-19 pandemic among lonely and non-lonely populations in Germany. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1067038. [PMID: 36937827 PMCID: PMC10017861 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1067038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is causing an epidemic of loneliness. Previous studies have shown the differences in positive and negative experiences of lonely and non-lonely people in a non-pandemic setting. However, it is unclear how the drastic alteration of the COVID-19 pandemic may influence peoples' reactions and beliefs, especially among those who feel lonely. Our study aims to examine the positive and negative experiences among lonely and non-lonely people. We undertook a cross-sectional online survey of the general population in Germany (N = 1,758) from May 2020 to May 2022. We assessed their feelings of loneliness with the short eight-item UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS-8), their positive and negative experience of living in the COVID-19 pandemic as well as their psychological distress regarding the pandemic with the COVID-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index (CPDI). We found lonely individuals (ULS-8 score ≥ 16) reported fewer positive experiences of living in the COVID-19 pandemic, for example, less time with loved ones [z (1, 756) = -2.5, p = 0.012] and less sense of togetherness [z (1, 756) = -2.39, p = 0.017] as compared to non-lonely individuals. Meanwhile, they experienced more negative experiences, for example, worry and fear [z (1, 756) = 6.31, p < 0.001] compared with non-lonely individuals. Interestingly, lonely people were less likely to view the pandemic as a conspiracy than non-lonely people were [z (1, 756) = -3.35, p < 0.001]. Our results may give insight into attribution bias and the negative affect of lonely people during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as highlight the experience of non-lonely people and raise the question of differences in conspiracy beliefs. For pandemic preparedness and response, decision-makers may focus on interventions to foster social cohesion, empower people, build resilience, and most importantly provide timely social care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Wegner
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Campus Charité Mitte), Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Luisa Wegner ;
| | - Shuyan Liu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Campus Charité Mitte), Berlin, Germany
- Shuyan Liu ;
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